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Urban flooding and the resultant pollution: What French-speaking scientists make of it? 城市洪水及其造成的污染:讲法语的科学家是怎么看的?
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100436
Maïlys Genouel , Emeline Comby , Yves-François Le Lay , Pascale Biron

Flood damage has increased worldwide in recent decades with a concomitant increased risk of flood-induced pollution. From the perspective of urban political ecology, we ask whether scientists acknowledge flood-induced pollution as a problem and if so how they address it. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyse 30 semi-structured interviews with researchers in France and Quebec. Our results show that flood pollution can be framed not only in terms of its impact on the environment and our societies, but also as a social representation that varies with the spatial context. The diversity of flood-induced pollution, whether in terms of materiality, visibility, or causation, highlights the undefined contours of flood pollution for the scientific community. We identify obstacles to the emergence of this problem in the scientific arena explained by the structuring of this arena, the vagueness of the term pollution, regulation, and individual and collective approaches to resilience. We argue that these obstacles can be overcome by considering pollution as a social construct and viewing cities in a metabolic framework.

近几十年来,世界各地的洪水灾害不断增加,洪水引发污染的风险也随之增加。从城市政治生态学的角度出发,我们询问科学家是否承认洪水引发的污染是一个问题,如果承认,他们又是如何解决这个问题的。我们采用混合方法,分析了对法国和魁北克研究人员进行的 30 次半结构式访谈。我们的研究结果表明,洪水污染不仅可以从其对环境和社会的影响的角度来界定,还可以作为一种社会表征,随空间环境的变化而变化。洪水造成的污染,无论是在物质性、可见性还是因果关系方面,都具有多样性,这凸显了科学界对洪水污染轮廓的不确定性。我们从科学领域的结构、污染一词的模糊性、监管以及个人和集体的抗灾能力等方面,找出了这一问题在科学领域出现的障碍。我们认为,将污染视为一种社会建构,并在新陈代谢框架内看待城市,可以克服这些障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Legacy impacts and recovery of δ15N, δ13C and C/N storage in soils due to historic land use 历史上的土地利用对土壤中 δ15N、δ13C 和 C/N 储存的遗留影响和恢复情况
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100435
Samantha Dow, William B. Ouimet, Michael T. Hren

Physical and chemical modifications within soils have been proposed as a marker of the Anthropocene, as soils can preserve modifications due to past land use for long periods of time. Soils are the primary terrestrial reservoir of C and N and are especially important for sequestration and emission of C related to land use changes. The northeast US has a well-documented sequence of deforestation and reforestation related to land use changes following European settlement, yet the impact of land use and recovery on C and N stocks and isotopes is still poorly constrained. We analyze δ15N, δ13C, and C/N to evaluate changes to soil C and N related to historical land use across an Anthropocene chronosequence comprised of four land use classes that vary in terms of duration of disturbance and recovery time from past agricultural activity. Reforested soils show minimal difference in δ15N and δ13C and display no overall statistical relationship with abandonment length, while modern agricultural soils have higher δ15N values. Differences in total C and N between land use classes are more distinct, as SOC decreases and total N increases with longer land use duration. Historic agriculture increased C and N storage, and recently abandoned land still has the potential to act as a sink to store more organic C. In total, land use imparts clear changes to SOC and N stocks that persist long after abandonment, providing a distinct marker of anthropogenic activities. However, stable C and N isotopes of soils within reforested classes show only slight differences between land use classes, indicating shorter timescales of isotopic resetting of C and N signatures following abandonment.

土壤中的物理和化学变化被认为是人类世的标志,因为土壤可以长期保持因过去的土地利用而产生的变化。土壤是陆地上主要的碳和氮储存库,对于与土地利用变化相关的碳的固存和排放尤为重要。美国东北部有据可查的森林砍伐和重新造林序列与欧洲人定居后的土地利用变化有关,但土地利用和恢复对碳和氮储量及同位素的影响仍未得到充分证实。我们分析了δ15N、δ13C和C/N,以评估人类纪时间序列中与历史土地利用相关的土壤C和N的变化,人类纪时间序列由四种土地利用类型组成,这些类型的干扰持续时间和从过去农业活动中恢复的时间各不相同。重新造林的土壤在 δ15N 和 δ13C 方面的差异极小,与废弃时间的长短没有整体的统计关系,而现代农业土壤的 δ15N 值较高。土地利用等级之间总碳和总氮的差异更为明显,因为土地利用时间越长,SOC 越少,总氮越多。历史上的农业活动增加了碳和氮的储存,而最近废弃的土地仍有可能成为储存更多有机碳的汇。然而,重新造林等级内土壤的稳定碳和氮同位素在不同土地利用等级之间仅有轻微差异,这表明弃耕后碳和氮同位素重置的时间尺度较短。
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引用次数: 0
Geologic limitations on a comprehensive Anthropocene 全面人类世的地质限制
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100434
Emma D. Henderson, Richard S. Vachula

Following its advent as a concept, the Anthropocene has flourished as a new worldview in academic and public communities alike. Yet, the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy recently voted against formally ratifying the Anthropocene as an Epoch, pointing to the restrictive geologic framework, and highlighting the need for a globally represented and synchronous marker. In this Viewpoint, we utilize global bibliographic data, Google search data, IPCC authors, and the Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) to examine the global diversity of the Anthropocene discourse by measuring academic interest and public engagement in the topic, while also considering the proportional influence, justice, and inclusivity of this discourse. We argue that the conceptual and geological frameworks of the Anthropocene share a complex and non-translatable relationship. Further, we urge reconsideration of geologically rigid definitions in the spirit of recognizing holistic identification of human impacts to the Earth System, while also addressing the gaps in global influence with this pressing concept. Last, we explore successful examples integrating disparate disciplinary perspectives to achieve greater understanding of the Anthropocene and discuss avenues for future directions in the areas of human-environment interactions, as well as environmental justice and equity.

人类世这一概念提出后,作为一种新的世界观在学术界和公众中蓬勃发展。然而,第四纪地层学小组委员会最近投票反对将 "人类世 "正式批准为一个纪元,指出其地质框架具有局限性,并强调需要一个具有全球代表性的同步标志。在本视点中,我们利用全球书目数据、谷歌搜索数据、IPCC 作者和全球气候风险指数(GCRI),通过衡量学术界对人类世话题的兴趣和公众对该话题的参与,同时考虑该话题的影响比例、公正性和包容性,来研究人类世话题的全球多样性。我们认为,"人类世 "的概念框架和地质框架之间存在着复杂且不可翻译的关系。此外,我们还呼吁本着承认人类对地球系统影响的整体性的精神,重新考虑地质学上僵化的定义,同时解决这一紧迫概念在全球影响方面存在的差距。最后,我们探讨了整合不同学科视角以加深对 "人类世 "理解的成功案例,并讨论了人类与环境互动以及环境正义与公平领域的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the effects of urban heat islands and air pollution on human quality of life 评估城市热岛和空气污染对人类生活质量的影响
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100433
Robert Cichowicz , Anna Dominika Bochenek

The world population is projected to peak before 2050, with a significant majority residing in highly urbanized areas. As a result, urban areas are expected to undergo further anthropogenic transformations, which will not only influence spatial development (i.e. sealing urban systems) but also affect local climatic conditions. One likely consequence is the increasing incidence of adverse interactions between two phenomena occurring in city centers, which can have a significant impact on human quality of life: urban heat islands (UHI) and urban pollution islands (UPI). Here, we review scientific research relating to the interaction of UHI and UPI. Two basic databases were used: Web of Science and Scopus. The literature review covers publications appearing between 1968 and 2022 (Web of Science: 1300 related to 'heat island’, 18,222 on ‘air pollution’; Scopus: 4393 on ‘heat island’ and 34,498 on ‘air pollution’), in fields such as environmental studies and meteorology studies. A significant number of the published articles were focused on cities located in Asia, Europe, and North America. Our findings show increasing research interest in UHI–UPI interactions, reflecting the risks they pose in the modern world—not only to human health and life, but also to the ecosystem. Effective urban planning emerges as a critical tool for addressing these challenges. Through the careful selection and implementation of targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies, it becomes possible to safeguard and enhance living conditions for urban populations. Such strategic planning is essential for ensuring that cities are not only habitable but also resilient and sustainable in the face of demographic shifts and environmental pressures.

预计世界人口将在 2050 年前达到峰值,其中绝大多数居住在高度城市化地区。因此,预计城市地区将发生进一步的人为变化,这不仅会影响空间发展(即密封城市系统),还会影响当地的气候条件。其中一个可能的后果是城市中心出现的两种现象之间的不利相互作用的发生率越来越高,这两种现象可能对人类的生活质量产生重大影响:城市热岛(UHI)和城市污染岛(UPI)。在此,我们回顾了有关 UHI 和 UPI 相互作用的科学研究。我们使用了两个基本数据库:Web of Science 和 Scopus。文献综述涵盖 1968 年至 2022 年间出现的出版物(Web of Science:1300篇与 "热岛 "相关,18222篇与 "空气污染 "相关;Scopus:4393篇与 "热岛 "相关,34498篇与 "空气污染 "相关),涉及环境研究和气象研究等领域。已发表的大量文章都集中在亚洲、欧洲和北美的城市。我们的研究结果表明,人们对 UHI-UPI 相互作用的研究兴趣与日俱增,这反映了它们在现代世界中造成的风险--不仅对人类健康和生命,而且对生态系统。有效的城市规划是应对这些挑战的重要工具。通过精心选择和实施有针对性的减缓和适应战略,可以保障和改善城市人口的生活条件。这种战略规划对于确保城市在人口变化和环境压力面前不仅适宜居住,而且具有复原力和可持续性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Highland Areas in Kastamonu, Turkey 评估气候变化对土耳其卡斯塔莫努高原地区的影响
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100432
Ezgi Gur , Sahin Palta , Halil Baris Ozel , Tugrul Varol , Hakan Sevik , Mehmet Cetin , Nurhan Kocan

This study aimed to assess the potential impact of global climate change on the highland areas of Kastamonu, a significant province in Turkey known for its numerous and varied highlands. The investigation focused on 59 selected highland locations within the region. Using the De Martonne climate classification, projections were made for four future periods (2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100) under two scenarios: SSPs 245 and SSPs 585. The outcomes of the study indicate that the highlands under scrutiny are susceptible to substantial effects from global climate change. Notably, these climatic alterations are expected to become evident within the next two decades, predominantly manifesting as a shift towards arid climate classifications. These shifts are anticipated to have a profound impact on the composition and diversity of species in the highland ecosystems. Based on the findings, it is advisable to consider interventions for the most climate-sensitive highland areas, such as facilitating the migration of species adapted to the new climate conditions and implementing initiatives to enhance species diversity. These efforts could help mitigate the potential loss of species and populations resulting from climate change.

这项研究旨在评估全球气候变化对卡斯塔莫努高原地区的潜在影响,卡斯塔莫努是土耳其的一个重要省份,以其众多而多样的高原而闻名。调查重点是该地区选定的 59 个高地。采用 De Martonne 气候分类法,在两种情景下对未来四个时期(2040 年、2060 年、2080 年和 2100 年)进行了预测:SSPs 245 和 SSPs 585。研究结果表明,所研究的高地很容易受到全球气候变化的严重影响。值得注意的是,这些气候变化预计将在未来二十年内变得明显,主要表现为气候分类向干旱转变。预计这些变化将对高原生态系统的物种组成和多样性产生深远影响。根据研究结果,最好考虑对气候最敏感的高原地区采取干预措施,如促进适应新气候条件的物种迁移,以及实施提高物种多样性的举措。这些努力有助于减轻气候变化可能造成的物种和种群损失。
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引用次数: 0
Lipid biomarkers in high mountain lakes from the Cantabrian range (Northern Spain): Coupling the interplay between natural and anthropogenic drivers 坎塔布里亚山脉(西班牙北部)高山湖泊的脂质生物标志物:耦合自然和人为因素的相互作用
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100431
José E. Ortiz , Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia , Ignacio López-Cilla , César Morales-Molino , Jon Gardoki , Trinidad Torres , Mario Morellón

The lipid content of a high mountain lake (Lake Isoba) allowed the reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental changes and anthropic influence in Northern Spain during the last 550 years. Fatty acids (FAs) and n-alkan-2-ones indicate little degradation of OM. Three units were delimited. During Unit A (ca. 1460–1780 CE) high carbon preference index values, predominance of high-molecular-weight saturated FAs, and good correspondence between the predominant n-alkane and saturated FA chains indicate higher OM input and evidence of minimal degradation, linked to the cold and dry Little Ice Age, that favoured the OM input derived mainly from land plants, and the reduced bacterial activity. In Unit B (ca. 1780–2006 CE) the n-alkane and saturated FA profiles showed a remarkable mismatch suggestive of preferential microbial synthesis of long chain saturated FAs from primary OM and/or bacterial activity (predominance of low-molecular-weight saturated FAs but with a bimodal distribution), in coincidence with a decrease in OM input, which could be linked to the global warming that started in the second half of the 19th century. Although OM continued deriving mainly from terrigenous plants, aquatic macrophytes increased their contribution to the OM indicating the amelioration of environmental conditions. Evidence of considerable phytoplankton productivity and microbial activity was significant in Unit C (ca. 2006–2018 CE) coinciding with the highest concentrations of n-alkanes and saturated FAs, linked to warmer and drier conditions, and to greater anthropogenic influence. In addition, organic sulfur and gammacerane indicates loss of oligotrophy, and the record of faecal stanols, particularly that of 24-ethylcoprostanol, strongly evidences notable and rising water pollution associated with increasing cattle ranching in the lake catchment during the past 10–15 years.

高山湖泊(伊索巴湖)的脂质含量有助于重建过去 550 年间西班牙北部的古环境变化和人类影响。脂肪酸(FAs)和 n-alkan-2-ones 表明 OM 降解很少。划分了三个单元。在 A 单元(约公元 1460-1780 年)期间,碳偏好指数值较高,高分子量饱和脂肪酸占主导地位,主要的正烷烃和饱和脂肪酸链之间的对应关系良好,这表明 OM 的输入量较高,降解程度极低,这与寒冷干燥的小冰河时期有关,该时期有利于主要来自陆地植物的 OM 输入,细菌活动减少。在 B 单元(约公元 1780-2006 年),正烷烃和饱和脂肪酸的分布出现了明显的不匹配,表明微生物优先从原始 OM 和/或细菌活动中合成长链饱和脂肪酸(低分子量饱和脂肪酸占主导地位,但呈双峰分布),同时 OM 输入减少,这可能与 19 世纪下半叶开始的全球变暖有关。虽然 OM 仍然主要来自陆生植物,但水生大型植物对 OM 的贡献有所增加,这表明环境条件有所改善。在 C 单元(约公元 2006 年至 2018 年),浮游植物生产力和微生物活动显著增加,同时正构烷烃和饱和脂肪酸的浓度最高,这与更暖和、更干燥的条件以及更大的人为影响有关。此外,有机硫和 gammacerane 表明了寡营养状态的丧失,粪便中的链烷醇记录,尤其是 24-ethylcoprostanol 的记录,有力地证明了与过去 10-15 年间湖泊集水区不断增加的牧牛活动有关的显著和不断加剧的水污染。
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引用次数: 0
Holocene palaeoecological archives of Eastern Mediterranean plant diversity: Past, present and future trends 东地中海植物多样性的全新世古生态档案:过去、现在和未来的趋势
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100430
David Kaniewski , Nick Marriner , Jean-Frédéric Terral , Christophe Morhange , Zhongyuan Chen , Yanna Wang , Thierry Otto , Frédéric Luce , Rachid Cheddadi

The Mediterranean Basin is an environmental change hotspot that, relative to other regions of the world, is forecasted to experience a significant shift in biodiversity due to multiple factors such as climate change and agricultural intensification. Within this framework, the Eastern Mediterranean region is projected to face a temperature rise of ∼3.5–7 °C by 2070–2099 which will result in severe heat stress and freshwater scarcity, along with increased human impacts due to pronounced demographic growth. To assess the impact of environmental and human pressures on plant diversity, we studied the evolution of this major constituent of biodiversity in the Eastern Mediterranean over 8000 years. Our analysis demonstrates that plant diversity has been impacted by long-term (e.g. multi-millennial scale) changes in temperature, precipitation and anthropogenic activities. We identified a tipping point for each of these drivers, showing that Eastern Mediterranean plant diversity has already exceeded its tipping point for precipitation (threshold: 376 ± 17 mm for winter), while it has already attained its critical threshold for temperature (threshold: 1.33 ± 0.5 °C) and anthropogenic activities (threshold: −1.05 ± 0.4 - low to medium pressures). This suggests that the region’s vegetation will probably progressively give way to species that are better suited and more resilient to the changing environmental conditions.

地中海盆地是环境变化的热点地区,与世界其他地区相比,由于气候变化和农业集约化等多重因素,预计该地区的生物多样性将发生重大变化。在这一框架内,预计到 2070-2099 年,东地中海地区的气温将上升 3.5-7 °C,这将导致严重的热压力和淡水匮乏,同时由于明显的人口增长,对人类的影响也将增加。为了评估环境和人类压力对植物多样性的影响,我们研究了东地中海 8000 年来这一生物多样性主要组成部分的演变情况。我们的分析表明,植物多样性受到了气温、降水和人为活动的长期(例如数千年一遇)变化的影响。我们确定了每个驱动因素的临界点,显示东地中海植物多样性已经超过了降水的临界点(阈值:冬季为 376 ± 17 毫米),而温度(阈值:1.33 ± 0.5 °C)和人为活动(阈值:-1.05 ± 0.4 - 低到中等压力)已经达到了临界点。这表明,该地区的植被可能会逐渐让位于更适合和更能适应不断变化的环境条件的物种。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity of a meandering lowland river to intensive landscape management: Lateral migration rates before and after watershed-scale agricultural development 蜿蜒低地河流对密集景观管理的敏感性:流域规模农业开发前后的侧向迁移率
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100429
Bruce L. Rhoads , Alison M. Anders , Poushalee Banerjee , David A. Grimley , Andrew Stumpf , Neal E. Blair

Agricultural development has transformed the vegetation cover of many landscapes around the world, thereby altering water and sediment fluxes to river systems. Past work in the upper midwestern United States, particularly in areas of moderate relief, has shown that increases in water and sediment fluxes associated with agricultural development have dramatically altered river dynamics. Less is known about how agriculture has affected river dynamics, particularly rates of lateral migration, in relatively low relief landscapes of the Midwest shaped by glaciation during the Wisconsin Episode. This research examines rates of lateral migration of a channel bend along a lowland meandering river in Illinois, USA before and after agricultural development. The rate of lateral migration prior to agricultural development is estimated through dating of carbonaceous material within lateral-accretion deposits underlying distinct meander scrolls. The rate of lateral migration after agricultural development is determined from analysis of changes in river-channel position determined from survey records, aerial imagery, and digital elevation data. Average rates of migration before and after agricultural development are similar, suggesting that agricultural development has not substantially affected rates of lateral migration of the river. Some accelerated movement occurred locally following agricultural development, but this movement cannot be definitively tied to landscape transformation. Possible factors responsible for the lack of sensitivity of the river system to agricultural development include high resistance of the cohesive, tree-lined riverbanks to erosion and the low bankfull stream power per unit area of the modern river. From a management perspective, the study highlights the importance of bank vegetation in maintaining channel stability in low-relief agricultural landscapes.

农业发展改变了全球许多地区的植被覆盖,从而改变了河流系统的水流和泥沙流。过去在美国中西部上游,尤其是中等地势地区开展的研究表明,与农业发展相关的水和泥沙通量的增加极大地改变了河流动力学。在威斯康辛集时期冰川作用形成的中西部地势相对较低的地貌中,人们对农业如何影响河流动力学,尤其是横向迁移率知之甚少。本研究考察了美国伊利诺伊州一条低地蜿蜒河流在农业开发前后河道弯曲处的横向迁移率。农业发展之前的横向迁移率是通过对明显的蜿蜒卷轴下侧生沉积物中的碳质材料进行测年来估算的。农业开发后的横向迁移率是通过分析调查记录、航空图像和数字高程数据确定的河道位置变化来确定的。农业开发前后的平均迁移率相似,表明农业开发并未对河流的横向迁移率产生实质性影响。在农业开发之后,局部地区出现了一些加速迁移的现象,但这种迁移与地貌变化并没有明确的联系。造成河流系统对农业发展不敏感的可能因素包括:树木林立的内聚河岸具有很强的抗侵蚀能力,以及现代河流单位面积的河岸满流功率较低。从管理的角度来看,这项研究强调了河岸植被在低地势农业景观中保持河道稳定的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Chloride hydrogeochemistry of the finger lakes in Central and Western New York, USA 美国纽约中部和西部手指湖的氯化物水地球化学。
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100428
John D. Halfman, MaryBridget Horvath

Road deicing salts have impacted the hydrogeochemistry of lakes throughout the snow-belt region of the globe. This paper advances our understanding of the historical change in salt concentrations in, and sources to, the Finger Lakes of western and central New York state, and compares the results to other lakes across the globe. Surface water samples from Honeoye, Canandaigua, Keuka, Seneca, Cayuga, Owasco, Skaneateles and Otisco lakes were analyzed for chloride (Cl) concentrations, and augmented with published and unpublished decade, and for the first time, century-scale Cl data for these lakes and Hemlock Lake. A mass-balance model estimated the Cl flux required to match the measured Cl concentrations in each lake. Cl concentration and flux trends defined two groups of lakes. Group 1: A mid-1900′s peak in Cl concentrations was detected in Seneca and Cayuga lakes, that resulted from a short but significant spike of Cl, most likely from salt mine wastes during pre-Environmental Protection Agency times. Group 2: Hemlock, Honeoye, Canandaigua, Keuka, Owasco, Skaneateles and Otisco lakes, revealed smaller yet increasing concentrations and fluxes over time that were interpreted to reflect increasing use of road deicing salts in their watersheds and supported by correlations to their state and federal road lengths, percentage of impervious surfaces, water residence times in each watershed and the production of road salt in the US, but not to their trophic status, nor their percentage of agricultural land. Estimated Cl inputs from municipal wastewater treatment facilities, individual septic systems and the atmosphere (precipitation) were also insignificant in the Finger Lakes region. These results help clarify the processes responsible for increasing Chloride concentrations in lakes globally.

道路除冰盐影响了全球雪带地区湖泊的水文地球化学。本文加深了我们对纽约州西部和中部五指湖盐浓度的历史变化及其来源的了解,并将结果与全球其他湖泊进行了比较。对来自 Honeoye 湖、Canandaigua 湖、Keuka 湖、Seneca 湖、Cayuga 湖、Owasco 湖、Skaneateles 湖和 Otisco 湖的地表水样本进行了氯化物(Cl)浓度分析,并补充了已发表和未发表的十年数据,还首次提供了这些湖泊和 Hemlock 湖的百年尺度 Cl 数据。质量平衡模型估算了与每个湖泊中测得的 Cl 浓度相匹配所需的 Cl 通量。Cl 浓度和通量趋势确定了两组湖泊。第 1 组:在 Seneca 湖和 Cayuga 湖中检测到了 20 世纪中期的 Cl 浓度峰值,这是因为 Cl 出现了短暂但显著的峰值,很可能是环境保护局成立前的盐矿废料造成的。第 2 组:Hemlock 湖、Honeoye 湖、Canandaigua 湖、Keuka 湖、Owasco 湖、Skaneateles 湖和 Otisco 湖,其浓度和通量较小,但随着时间的推移不断增加,据解释,这反映了其流域内道路除冰盐的使用量不断增加,并与州和联邦道路长度、不透水路面百分比、每个流域的水停留时间以及美国的道路盐产量相关,但与其营养状况和农业用地百分比无关。在手指湖地区,来自城市污水处理设施、个人化粪池系统和大气(降水)的估计 Cl 输入量也微不足道。这些结果有助于澄清导致全球湖泊中氯化物浓度增加的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge influences perceptions and values of nature-based solutions: The example of soil and water bioengineering techniques applied to urban rivers 知识会影响人们对基于自然的解决方案的看法和价值观:以应用于城市河流的水土生物工程技术为例
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2024.100424
M. Cottet , A. François , C. Moreau , C. Lecaude , S. Vukelic , A. Rivière-Honegger , A. Evette

Soil and water bioengineering (SWBE) is a nature-based solution (NBS) that can be used to stabilize riverbanks with living vegetation. Aside to protecting property and people, SWBE provides benefits for human well-being and biodiversity. Its use remains modest in cities, where the presumed benefits are important in a context of biodiversity crisis and warming. Negative public perceptions have been identified as one barrier to the dissemination of NBS. This article studies how environmental expertise influences perceptions and values associated with SWBE, and how the possible differences in perceptions and values induced by knowledge contribute to hindering or promoting the dissemination of these solutions. We carried out an original interdisciplinary study based on a sociological survey and ecological field measurements to characterize: (1) the perceived value that actors associate with several riverbanks equipped with different protection structures (green, hybrid, or gray) according to their level of expertise in the aquatic environment; (2) the interactions between these perceived values and the ecological values measured by restoration ecologists; and (3) the perceived benefits and drawbacks of SBWE techniques. Our results show that the ecological and social benefits provided by NBS are recognized by all, whatever their level of knowledge. Despite this consensus, we observed different hierarchies of value associated with bank protection structures among the surveyed actors, depending on their level of environmental expertise (some prioritising ecological values, others relational values), and these could hinder the dissemination of NBS. The most tangible obstacle to the dissemination of NBS in urban areas relates to the risk perceptions of lay people, who experience a higher sense of vulnerability than they do with traditional gray solutions.

水土生物工程(SWBE)是一种以自然为基础的解决方案(NBS),可以利用有生命的植被来稳定河岸。除了保护财产和人员,水土生物工程还能为人类福祉和生物多样性带来益处。在生物多样性危机和气候变暖的背景下,这种方法在城市中的应用仍然有限,但其假定效益却非常重要。公众的负面看法已被认为是推广国家生物多样性战略的障碍之一。本文研究了环境专业知识如何影响与全系统生物多样性教育相关的认知和价值观,以及知识可能导致的认知和价值观差异如何阻碍或促进这些解决方案的推广。我们开展了一项基于社会学调查和生态实地测量的原创性跨学科研究,以确定:(1) 根据参与者在水环境方面的专业知识水平,他们对配备不同保护结构(绿色、混合或灰色)的若干河岸的感知价值;(2) 这些感知价值与恢复生态学家测量的生态价值之间的相互作用;(3) 感知到的小生境工程技术的优点和缺点。我们的研究结果表明,无论知识水平如何,所有人都认识到 NBS 带来的生态和社会效益。尽管存在这种共识,但我们观察到,接受调查的参与者对与堤岸保护结构相关的价值有不同的等级划分,这取决于他们的环境专业知识水平(有些人优先考虑生态价值,有些人则优先考虑关系价值),而这些都可能阻碍 NBS 的推广。在城市地区推广非营利性堤岸系统的最明显障碍与非专业人士的风险意识有关,与传统的灰色解决方案相比,非专业人士的脆弱性感更强。
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