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Agricultural systems regulate plant and insect diversity and induce ecosystem novelty 农业系统调节植物和昆虫的多样性,诱导生态系统的新颖性
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100369
Jessie Woodbridge , Ralph Fyfe , David Smith , Anne de Varielles , Ruth Pelling , Michael J. Grant , Robert Batchelor , Robert Scaife , James Greig , Petra Dark , Denise Druce , Geoff Garbett , Adrian Parker , Tom Hill , J. Edward Schofield , Mike Simmonds , Frank Chambers , Catherine Barnett , Martyn Waller

Land-use change plays an important role in shaping plant and insect diversity over long time timescales. Great Britain provides an ideal case study to investigate patterns of long-term vegetation and insect diversity change owing to the existence of spatially and temporally extensive environmental archives (lake sediments, peatlands, and archaeological sites) and a long history of landscape transformation through agrarian change. The trends identified in past environmental datasets allow the impacts of land-use change on plant and insect diversity trends to be investigated alongside exploration of the emergence of ecological novelty. Using fossil pollen, insect (beetle), archaeodemographic, archaeobotanical and modern landscape datasets covering Britain, similarities are identified between insect diversity and pollen sample evenness indicating that vegetation heterogeneity influences insect diversity. Changing land use captured by archaeobotanical data is significantly correlated with pollen diversity demonstrating the role of human activity in shaping past diversity trends with shifts towards ecosystem novelty identified in the form of non-analogue pollen taxa assemblages (unique species combinations). Modern landscapes with higher agricultural suitability are less likely to have pollen analogues beyond the last 1000 years, whilst those in areas less suited to agriculture and on more variable topography are more likely to have analogues older than 1000 years. This signifies the role of agriculture in the creation of novel ecosystems. Ecological assemblages characteristic of earlier periods of the Holocene may persist in areas less affected by agriculture. The last 200 years has witnessed major shifts in novelty in a low number of pollen sites suggesting that novel ecosystems emerged over a longer time period resulting from the cumulative impacts of land-use change.

土地利用变化在长期内对植物和昆虫多样性的形成起着重要作用。英国提供了一个理想的案例研究,以调查长期植被和昆虫多样性的变化模式,这是由于存在空间和时间上广泛的环境档案(湖泊沉积物、泥炭地和考古遗址),以及通过土地变化进行景观改造的悠久历史。在过去的环境数据集中确定的趋势使土地利用变化对植物和昆虫多样性趋势的影响能够在探索生态新颖性的同时进行调查。利用覆盖英国的花粉化石、昆虫(甲虫)、古人口学、古植物学和现代景观数据集,确定了昆虫多样性和花粉样本均匀度之间的相似性,表明植被异质性影响昆虫多样性。古植物学数据捕捉到的土地利用变化与花粉多样性显著相关,表明人类活动在塑造过去多样性趋势中的作用,并以非相似花粉类群组合(独特物种组合)的形式向生态系统新颖性转变。农业适宜性较高的现代景观在过去1000年后不太可能有花粉类似物,而那些不太适合农业和地形变化较大的地区更有可能有1000年以上的类似物。这意味着农业在创造新型生态系统方面的作用。全新世早期的生态组合特征可能会在受农业影响较小的地区持续存在。在过去的200年里,少量花粉点的新颖性发生了重大变化,这表明由于土地利用变化的累积影响,新的生态系统在更长的时间内出现。
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引用次数: 3
Sedimentation on the Siberian Arctic Shelf as an indicator of the arctic hydrological cycle 西伯利亚-北极大陆架沉积作为北极水文循环的指标
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100370
Valeriy Y. Rusakov , Alexander P. Borisov

Siberia occupies a significant part of the Eurasian continent and environmental changes in this region can have an important impact on the climate system of the Northern Hemisphere. The sediment flux of Siberian rivers is sensitive to changes in physical, chemical, and biological processes taking place on the continent, and these changes can be recorded in marine sediments on the Siberian Arctic Shelf. This paper presents data on grain-size distribution of the sediments, the sedimentation rates, and the mass accumulation rates on the shelf over the past 100 years. Age models are based on the decay rate of excess lead isotope 210Pb, taking into account the sorption capacity of the marine sediments, and the presence of cesium isotope 137Cs peaks in the sediment cores. The highest sedimentation and mass accumulation rates were observed prior to the 1920–40 and coincide with larger particle sizes, indicate a period of active sediment-laden sea ice and iceberg melt. Systematic decrease in the sedimentation and mass accumulation rates against the background of an increase in the proportion of silt fractions in the shelf sediments in the second half of the 20th century can be explained by an acceleration of the arctic hydrological cycle.

西伯利亚占据了欧亚大陆的重要部分,该地区的环境变化对北半球的气候系统具有重要影响。西伯利亚河流的沉积物通量对大陆上发生的物理、化学和生物过程的变化非常敏感,这些变化可以在西伯利亚北极陆架的海洋沉积物中得到记录。本文介绍了近100年来陆架沉积物粒度分布、沉积速率和质量堆积速率的资料。年龄模型基于过量铅同位素210Pb的衰变速率,考虑了海洋沉积物的吸附能力,以及沉积物岩心中铯同位素137Cs峰的存在。在20世纪20 - 40年代之前观测到最高的沉积和质量积累速率,并与较大的颗粒尺寸相吻合,这表明一个活跃的沉积物装载海冰和冰山融化的时期。20世纪下半叶,在陆架沉积物中泥沙组分比例增加的背景下,沉积和质量积累速率的系统性降低可以用北极水文循环的加速来解释。
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引用次数: 2
Hydrological responses to co-impacts of climate change and land use/cover change based on CMIP6 in the Ganjiang River, Poyang Lake basin 基于CMIP6的鄱阳湖流域赣江流域气候变化与土地利用/覆盖变化共同影响的水文响应
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100368
Li Gong , Xiang Zhang , Guoyan Pan , Jingyi Zhao , Ye Zhao

Climate change and Land Use/Cover Change, affected by human activity, are the two main factors influencing the regional water cycle and water management. However, studies of co-impacts based on future scenario predictions are still lacking. This study proposed a complete methodology for simulating future changes in water resources and distinguishing the independent and synergistic effects of climate change and land use change. The coupling prediction model of land use and the global climate models were used for scenario predictions; the hydrological model and statistical methods were used for simulations and analyses. The Ganjiang River, the largest tributary of Poyang Lake, is chosen as the study area. In the future, the main trend of change in land use would be the expansion of construction land in the northern part of the basin, and the future annual precipitation and temperature (p < 0.5) would increase. In this basin, runoff is more sensitive to climate change than to land use/cover change, and the synergistic effects are not substantial. Most climate scenarios showed a significant change in monthly peak runoff. The current peak is in June; this is projected to decrease with the simulated future peak in August, causing problems in basin flood control and Poyang Lake water level regulation. This study proposed a methodology integrating the global climate models with predicted land use scenarios and tested the feasibility at the watershed scale by the case study. It can serve as a reference for co-impact studies considering different scenarios and be extended to basins with similar areas, underlying surface variation intensity, or hydro-climatic characteristics, valuable for sustainable water resources management in the Anthropocene.

受人类活动影响的气候变化和土地利用/覆盖变化是影响区域水循环和水管理的两个主要因素。然而,基于未来情景预测的共同影响研究仍然缺乏。本文提出了一套完整的水资源未来变化模拟方法,用于区分气候变化和土地利用变化的独立效应和协同效应。利用土地利用与全球气候模式的耦合预测模型进行情景预测;采用水文模型和统计方法进行了模拟和分析。选取鄱阳湖最大的支流赣江作为研究区域。未来土地利用变化的主要趋势是流域北部建设用地的扩大,未来年降水量和气温(p <0.5)会增加。流域径流对气候变化的敏感性大于对土地利用/覆被变化的敏感性,且协同效应不显著。大多数气候情景显示月峰值径流有显著变化。目前的峰值是在6月;预计随着8月份的模拟峰值,这一数值将下降,这将给流域防洪和鄱阳湖水位调节带来问题。本研究提出了一种将全球气候模式与土地利用情景预测相结合的方法,并通过案例研究验证了该方法在流域尺度上的可行性。它可以作为考虑不同情景的共同影响研究的参考,并扩展到具有相似面积、下垫面变化强度或水文气候特征的流域,对人类世的可持续水资源管理有价值。
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引用次数: 4
Holocene human-environment interactions across the Northern American prairie-forest ecotone 北美草原森林交错带全新世人类与环境的相互作用
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100367
Michelle D. Briere , Konrad Gajewski

The North American prairie-forest border is a major biogeographic boundary ultimately determined by the macroclimate. Climate variability during the Holocene affected the vegetation in this area, but impacts on human paleodemography are unknown. At a regional scale, community structure is partly determined by fire, however the extent to which anthropogenic burning has affected fire regimes over the Holocene is unresolved. This study investigates the interaction between climate variability, vegetation changes, fire regimes, and human population levels in the North American prairie-forest ecotone during the Holocene using information from publically-available paleoenvironmental databases. Biomass burning was associated with moisture and vegetation more than with human population size, suggesting anthropogenic burning did not significantly influence the composition and location of the prairie-forest border. Human population growth rates were impacted by sociocultural developments and environmental changes, with most changes in subsistence strategies occurring during climate regime shifts. The development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex (5.0 – 3.8 ka) and the transition to more mesic conditions after 4.0 ka facilitated long-term population growth. The arrival of maize and the bow-and-arrow at 2.2 and 1.6 ka, respectively, resulted in increased population growth, and after 1 ka, maize agriculture intensification, aided by a warmer climate, accelerated population growth. The collapse of the city of Cahokia is linked to a wider population decline across the Midwest precipitated by the Medieval Warm Period – Little Ice Age transition. Populations across a significant portion of North America were in decline at the time of European colonization. These findings provide evidence against a large-scale early Anthropocene in North America, and illustrate the importance of climate change in influencing human history.

北美草原-森林边界是一个主要的生物地理边界,最终由宏观气候决定。全新世气候变率对该地区植被有影响,但对人类古人口学的影响尚不清楚。在区域尺度上,群落结构部分是由火决定的,然而,人类燃烧在多大程度上影响了全新世的火灾制度尚不清楚。本研究利用公开的古环境数据库的信息,研究了全新世期间北美草原-森林过渡带的气候变率、植被变化、火灾制度和人口水平之间的相互作用。生物质燃烧与湿度和植被的关系大于与人口规模的关系,这表明人为燃烧对草原-森林边界的组成和位置没有显著影响。人口增长率受到社会文化发展和环境变化的影响,生存策略的大部分变化发生在气候变化期间。东部农业复合体的发展(5.0 - 3.8 ka)和4.0 ka后向更温和的环境过渡促进了长期的人口增长。玉米和弓箭分别于2.2 ka和1.6 ka传入,导致人口增长加快,1 ka后,玉米农业集约化,气候变暖,加速了人口增长。卡霍基亚市的崩溃与中世纪温暖期-小冰河期过渡导致中西部人口大量减少有关。在欧洲殖民时期,北美大部分地区的人口都在下降。这些发现为北美存在大规模早期人类世提供了证据,并说明了气候变化在影响人类历史方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Agricultural systems regulate plant and insect (beetle) diversity and induce ecosystem novelty 农业系统调节植物和昆虫(甲虫)的多样性,诱导生态系统的新颖性
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100369
J. Woodbridge, R. Fyfe, David Smith, Anne de Varielles, R. Pelling, M. Grant, Rob Batchelor, R. Scaife, J. Greig, Petra Dark, D. Druce, Geoffrey Garbett, A. Parker, Tom W. Hill, J. Schofield, Mike Simmonds, F. Chambers, Catherine Barnett, M. Waller
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引用次数: 3
Impact of historical climate variability on rice production in Mainland Southeast Asia across multiple scales 历史气候变率对东南亚大陆水稻生产的影响
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100353
Abby G. Frazier , Bui Tan Yen , Malte F. Stuecker , Katherine M. Nelson , Bjoern Ole Sander , Michael B. Kantar , Diane R. Wang

Climate change is expected to put significant pressure on global food production. Although previous work has explored impacts of climate, management, and genetics on food production, additional research is needed to examine the effects of large-scale climate modes at local and regional scales. This study explores the impact of climate variability on rice yield in Mainland Southeast Asia from 1961 to 2017 at three different spatial scales: the whole Mainland Southeast Asia region, country-level (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), and province-level for Vietnam. Annual rice yields over this period have nearly tripled with Vietnam experiencing the largest increases. Correlations between annual rice yield anomalies at the regional and country levels and climate data reveal clear influences of tropical climate variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Meridional Mode. At the provincial level in Vietnam, many provinces show similar correlation patterns for the spring-summer season of rice (e.g., a co-occurring La Niña and positive phase of the Pacific Meridional Mode in the preceding boreal winter and spring are associated with increased yields in spring-summer rice). However, the late summer-fall season rice yield anomalies show much weaker correlations with tropical climate patterns. Variations across provinces were also noted, particularly between the Red River and Mekong River Deltas. The history of this 56-year period, which included the Vietnam-American War and changes in land management policies, makes it challenging to disentangle the effects of climate variability and social factors on rice yields in these areas. However, these results highlight the importance of using a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach to help inform local and regional decision-making.

预计气候变化将给全球粮食生产带来巨大压力。虽然以前的工作已经探讨了气候、管理和遗传对粮食生产的影响,但还需要进一步的研究来检查局部和区域尺度上大尺度气候模式的影响。研究了1961 - 2017年气候变率对东南亚大陆稻米产量的影响,包括整个东南亚大陆区域、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南的国家层面和越南的省级层面。在此期间,每年的水稻产量几乎增加了两倍,其中越南的增幅最大。区域和国家年度水稻产量异常与气候数据之间的相关性揭示了与El Niño-Southern涛动和太平洋经向模态相关的热带气候变率的明显影响。在越南的省一级,许多省在水稻春夏季节表现出类似的相关模式(例如,在之前的北方冬季和春季同时发生的La Niña和太平洋经向模的正相位与春夏水稻的产量增加有关)。然而,夏秋后期水稻产量异常与热带气候模式的相关性要弱得多。各省之间也存在差异,特别是在红河三角洲和湄公河三角洲之间。这56年的历史,包括越南-美国战争和土地管理政策的变化,使得理清气候变化和社会因素对这些地区水稻产量的影响具有挑战性。然而,这些结果强调了使用多学科和多尺度方法帮助为地方和区域决策提供信息的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Reconstructing patterns of vegetation recovery and landscape evolution after a catastrophic landslide (Mont Granier, French Alps, 1248 CE) 灾难性滑坡后植被恢复和景观演变模式的重建(1248年,法国阿尔卑斯山脉格拉尼埃山)
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100352
A. Quiquerez , E. Gauthier , V. Bichet , C. Petit , L. Murgia , H. Richard

Investigating past human-environment interactions provides clues to understand landscape responses to catastrophic events. This study uses a multiproxy approach to reconstruct landscape change over the past 800 years, in an area where slopes and soils were reshaped by the Mont Granier landslide (French Alps) in 1248 CE. Pollen and sediment analyses of an 89-cm sediment core retrieved from Lake St. André, a lake formed by the landslide, were used to reconstruct vegetation recovery and agro-pastoral activities. These analyses of lake sediments were supplemented by studying land-cover changes based on cadastral maps. Aerial photographs provided information about spatial landscape organization from the 18th century onwards. Results showed that significant changes in land-use systems were closely linked to social, political, and economic events. Rapid recolonization by pioneer vegetation communities began just after the landslide. Despite short phases of conflict-induced agricultural decline, agro-pastoral activities diversified from the 16th century onwards, with land use dominated by croplands, vineyards, and grasslands. The extension of arable lands, particularly vineyards, continued until the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, this territory was characterized by an agro-pastoral economy based on mixed family farming. From the 1960 s onwards, cattle grazing ceased, and dairy production was replaced by viticulture.

Changes in the agro-pastoral system after the landslide therefore reflect complex geomorphological, political, social, and economic interactions. This study also demonstrates how a multiproxy approach can decipher landscape evolution and reveal the human-environment interactions behind landscape change.

调查过去人类与环境的相互作用为理解景观对灾难性事件的反应提供了线索。本研究使用多代理方法重建了一个地区在过去800年里的景观变化,该地区的斜坡和土壤在公元1248年被格兰尼埃山滑坡(法国阿尔卑斯山)重塑。从滑坡形成的圣安德烈湖(Lake St. andr)提取的89厘米沉积物岩心进行花粉和沉积物分析,用于重建植被恢复和农牧活动。基于地籍图的土地覆盖变化研究补充了对湖泊沉积物的分析。航空照片提供了18世纪以来空间景观组织的信息。结果表明,土地利用系统的显著变化与社会、政治和经济事件密切相关。就在滑坡发生后,先锋植被群落开始迅速重新定居。尽管冲突导致农业衰退的短暂阶段,农牧活动从16世纪开始多样化,土地利用以农田、葡萄园和草原为主。耕地,尤其是葡萄园的扩张一直持续到19世纪。20世纪初,这片土地的特点是以混合家庭农业为基础的农牧经济。从20世纪60年代开始,放牧停止了,乳制品生产被葡萄种植所取代。因此,滑坡后农牧系统的变化反映了复杂的地貌、政治、社会和经济相互作用。该研究还展示了多代理方法如何解读景观演变,揭示景观变化背后的人与环境相互作用。
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引用次数: 3
Exceptionally high foraminiferal dissolution in the western Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾西部异常高的有孔虫溶解
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100351
Sudhira R. Bhadra , Rajeev Saraswat

The planktic foraminifera are an important component of the global carbon cycle, as they sequester the carbon, thus burying it in the sediments for ages. The burial of planktic foraminiferal shells, however, depends on the carbonate chemistry of the deep ocean. A significant fraction of foraminiferal shells dissolves well above the carbonate compensation depth. The foraminiferal lysocline is defined to delineate such zones of planktic foraminiferal dissolution well above the carbonate compensation depth. The dissolution of carbonate above the lysocline, termed supralysoclinal dissolution, has also been reported from highly productive basins. This study demarcates the extent of foraminiferal dissolution in the western Bay of Bengal. We document the distribution of planktic foraminifera and shell fragments in 100 core top samples collected from the coast perpendicular transects at depths ranging from 27 m to 2760 m. We examine the possible reasons for the foraminiferal dissolution by comparing the foraminiferal indices with the ambient bottom water parameters. The absolute abundance of planktic foraminifera is significantly low, both on the continental shelf and below ∼1000 m. The low abundance on the shelf is due to the terrigenous dilution. The fragmentation indices and the ratio between dissolution resistant and dissolution susceptible assemblage, however, confirm a significant increase in the dissolution at depths deeper than 1000 m. The foraminiferal shell dissolution at deeper depths is due to the high pressure, whereas the biogenic respiration-induced calcite under-saturation is responsible for the significant dissolution at a very shallow depth in the western Bay of Bengal, as compared to other parts of the world ocean.

浮游有孔虫是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,因为它们将碳隔离,从而将其埋在沉积物中很长时间。然而,浮游有孔虫壳的埋藏取决于深海的碳酸盐化学。相当一部分有孔虫壳在碳酸盐补偿深度以上溶解。有孔虫溶斜的定义是为了圈定远高于碳酸盐补偿深度的浮游有孔虫溶蚀带。在高产盆地中,碳酸盐岩在溶斜上的溶蚀也被称为超溶斜溶蚀。本研究划定了孟加拉湾西部有孔虫溶蚀的范围。我们记录了从27 ~ 2760 m深度的海岸垂直样带上采集的100个岩心顶部样品的浮游有孔虫和贝壳碎片的分布。我们通过比较有孔虫指数和环境底水参数来研究有孔虫溶解的可能原因。无论是在大陆架上还是在~ 1000 m以下,浮游有孔虫的绝对丰度都非常低。陆架上的低丰度是由于陆源稀释所致。然而,破碎指数和耐溶与易溶组合的比值证实,在深度大于1000 m时,溶蚀显著增加。较深的有孔虫壳溶解是由于高压造成的,而与世界海洋其他地区相比,孟加拉湾西部极浅深度的显著溶解是由生物呼吸引起的方解石欠饱和造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Projected changes in sea ice and the navigability of the Arctic Passages under global warming of 2 ℃ and 3 ℃ 在全球变暖2℃和3℃的情况下,海冰和北极航道可通航性的预估变化
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100349
Jinlei Chen , Shichang Kang , Qinglong You , Yulan Zhang , Wentao Du

Although a rapid decrease in sea ice due to global warming has improved the navigable potential of the Arctic passages, the extent to which this area will become viable for commercial shipping in the future remains unclear. This study investigated the accessibility of the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage under global warming of 2 °C and 3 °C. We applied the Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System to measure navigability by considering the impacts of sea ice and ice resistance of ships. Except for the Parry Channel, surface air temperature is positive in the Seas along two passages in September under 2 ℃ warming. With global warming of 3 °C, the warming area extends northward, and the concentration of sea ice drops below 20%. The thickness of the sea ice is still substantial in the eastern Beaufort Sea and the waters within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and north of Greenland, both of which can restricting the opening of the Arctic passages. Temperature increases cause sea ice to be younger and are more pronounced in the seas on the European side of the Arctic. The results indicate that changes in sea ice improve the navigability of the Arctic passages. Ships in Polar Class 6 may be unimpeded along two Arctic passages in November from 2 ℃ warming onward, whereas ordinary ships may be capable of passing the Northern Sea Route with global warming of 3 ℃, with maximum potential in September. This study provides an important reference for planning global shipping in the Arctic in the future, even with some uncertainty in the model projections.

尽管全球变暖导致的海冰迅速减少提高了北极航道的通航潜力,但未来该地区商业航运的可行性仍不清楚。研究了全球变暖2°C和3°C条件下北海航线和西北航道的可达性。在考虑海冰和冰阻影响的基础上,应用极地作业极限评估风险指标体系对船舶的通航性进行了测度。9月,除帕里海峡外,其余两条海道的表面气温均为正,升温幅度为2℃。当全球变暖3°C时,变暖区向北延伸,海冰浓度降至20%以下。在波弗特海东部、加拿大北极群岛和格陵兰岛北部的水域,海冰的厚度仍然很大,这两个地区都可能限制北极通道的开放。气温升高导致海冰更年轻,在北极欧洲一侧的海洋中更为明显。结果表明,海冰的变化改善了北极航道的通航性。在全球变暖2℃以后的11月,极地6级船舶可以畅通无阻地沿两条北极航道航行,而在全球变暖3℃时,普通船舶可能能够通过北海航线,最大潜力在9月。该研究为规划未来北极地区的全球航运提供了重要参考,即使模型预测存在一些不确定性。
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引用次数: 6
Changes in fire activity and biodiversity in a Northeast Brazilian Cerrado over the last 800 years 过去800年来巴西塞拉多东北部火灾活动和生物多样性的变化
IF 3.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100356
Sergio Augusto Santos Xavier , Francisca Soares de Araújo , Marie Pierre Ledru

Understanding vegetation dynamics is essential to interpret long-term ecological changes under different precipitation regimes and land use scenarios. Northeastern Brazil has been subjected to both climatic and anthropic disturbances in recent centuries. This paper presents a high-resolution record from the SAC18 sediment core, collected in a Cerrado ecotone in the Sete Cidades National Park. Multiproxy analyses based on pollen, charcoal and grain size showed the Cerrado landscape was restructured during dry and wet intervals over a period of 800 years. The beginning of the record was marked by a dry episode, testified by the presence of a drought resistant taxon Curatella (wild cashew tree) and coincided with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950–1250 CE). Almost no fire activity was observed between 1210 and 1300 CE, linked to reduced human presence during this dry period. A wetter interval began in 1400 CE, with expansion of the palm swamp and the moisture-related tree/herbaceous taxa Myrtaceae and Spathiphyllum, which was synchronous with the Little Ice Age (1400–1700 CE). Reduced burning of biomass and the absence of deforestation at the beginning of the wet interval changed to extensive fires and deforestation after 1650 CE, enabling dating of the arrival of European colonists in the north of Piauí State. Fires stopped after the creation of Sete Cidades National Park in 1961 CE, resulting in the expansion of the Cerrado arboreal cover. This study provides new knowledge about past human occupation of the Northeastern Cerrado, defined by three types of land use practices (indigenous, colonist and protection policy), and underlines the importance of including historical aspects of the landscape in future conservation scenarios.

了解植被动态对解释不同降水制度和土地利用情景下的长期生态变化至关重要。近几个世纪以来,巴西东北部一直受到气候和人为干扰的影响。本文介绍了在塞特Cidades国家公园塞拉多过渡带采集的SAC18沉积物岩心的高分辨率记录。基于花粉、木炭和颗粒大小的多代理分析表明,塞拉多的景观在800年的干湿间隔期间发生了重构。记录的开始是一个干旱的时期,一个抗旱分类群Curatella(野生腰果树)的存在证明了这一点,并且与中世纪气候异常(公元950-1250年)相吻合。公元1210年至1300年期间几乎没有观察到火灾活动,这与干旱时期人类活动减少有关。随着棕榈沼泽和与水分相关的树/草本类群Myrtaceae和Spathiphyllum的扩张,一个湿润期开始于公元1400年,与小冰期(公元1400 - 1700年)同步。在湿期开始时,生物质燃烧的减少和森林砍伐的减少在公元1650年之后转变为广泛的火灾和森林砍伐,从而可以确定欧洲殖民者到达Piauí州北部的时间。公元1961年,塞特Cidades国家公园建立后,火灾停止了,导致塞拉多树木覆盖范围的扩大。这项研究提供了关于塞拉多东北部过去人类活动的新知识,这些活动由三种类型的土地使用实践(土著、殖民者和保护政策)定义,并强调了在未来的保护方案中包括景观历史方面的重要性。
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Anthropocene
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