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AIE-YOLO: Effective object detection method in extreme driving scenarios via adaptive image enhancement. AIE-YOLO:通过自适应图像增强在极端驾驶场景中有效检测物体的方法。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241263165
Qianren Guo, Yuehang Wang, Yongji Zhang, Minghao Zhao, Yu Jiang

The widespread research and implementation of visual object detection technology have significantly transformed the autonomous driving industry. Autonomous driving relies heavily on visual sensors to perceive and analyze the environment. However, under extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain, fog, or low light, these sensors may encounter disruptions, resulting in decreased image quality and reduced detection accuracy, thereby increasing the risk for autonomous driving. To address these challenges, we propose adaptive image enhancement (AIE)-YOLO, a novel object detection method to enhance road object detection accuracy under extreme weather conditions. To tackle the issue of image quality degradation in extreme weather, we designed an improved adaptive image enhancement module. This module dynamically adjusts the pixel features of road images based on different scene conditions, thereby enhancing object visibility and suppressing irrelevant background interference. Additionally, we introduce a spatial feature extraction module to adaptively enhance the model's spatial modeling capability under complex backgrounds. Furthermore, a channel feature extraction module is designed to adaptively enhance the model's representation and generalization abilities. Due to the difficulty in acquiring real-world data for various extreme weather conditions, we constructed a novel benchmark dataset named extreme weather simulation-rare object dataset. This dataset comprises ten types of simulated extreme weather scenarios and is built upon a publicly available rare object detection dataset. Extensive experiments conducted on the extreme weather simulation-rare object dataset demonstrate that AIE-YOLO outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving excellent detection performance under extreme weather conditions.

视觉物体检测技术的广泛研究和应用极大地改变了自动驾驶行业。自动驾驶主要依靠视觉传感器来感知和分析环境。然而,在大雨、大雾或弱光等极端天气条件下,这些传感器可能会遇到干扰,导致图像质量下降和检测精度降低,从而增加自动驾驶的风险。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了自适应图像增强(AIE)-YOLO--一种新的物体检测方法,以提高极端天气条件下的道路物体检测精度。为了解决极端天气下图像质量下降的问题,我们设计了一个改进的自适应图像增强模块。该模块可根据不同的场景条件动态调整道路图像的像素特征,从而提高物体的可见度并抑制无关的背景干扰。此外,我们还引入了空间特征提取模块,以自适应地增强模型在复杂背景下的空间建模能力。此外,我们还设计了一个信道特征提取模块,以自适应地增强模型的表示和泛化能力。由于难以获得各种极端天气条件下的真实世界数据,我们构建了一个名为 "极端天气模拟-稀有物体数据集 "的新型基准数据集。该数据集包括十种模拟极端天气场景,并建立在一个公开的稀有物体检测数据集之上。在极端天气模拟-稀有物体数据集上进行的大量实验表明,AIE-YOLO 的性能优于现有的先进方法,在极端天气条件下实现了出色的检测性能。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration analysis of a double-row planetary gear set considering the sun gear axial position. 考虑太阳齿轮轴向位置的双排行星齿轮组振动分析
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241275402
Yan Cheng, Yanfang Liu, Qiang Zhang

Double-row planetary gear set (PGS) is a common form of the PGS, which is relatively more complex than the regular PGSs. It consists of one sun gear, several long planets, several short planets, two ring gears, and one carrier. Due to the significantly wider tooth width of the long planet compared to the sun gear, the axial meshing position between the sun gear and the long planet can be adjusted. The vibrations of PGS should vary with different axial meshing positions. If the axial position of the sun gear is optimized, the vibrations of PGS can be reduced. This work establishes a dynamic model of a double-row PGS. The dynamic model considers the mesh forces of the gear pairs and the supporting forces of the bearing. The effect of the sun gear axial position on the sun gear and ring gear #2 vibrations are investigated. Finally, the recommended axial position for the sun gear is provided.

双排行星齿轮组(PGS)是 PGS 的一种常见形式,比普通 PGS 相对复杂。它由一个太阳齿轮、几个长行星、几个短行星、两个环形齿轮和一个托架组成。由于长行星的齿宽明显大于太阳齿轮,因此太阳齿轮和长行星之间的轴向啮合位置可以调整。PGS 的振动应随不同的轴向啮合位置而变化。如果对太阳齿轮的轴向位置进行优化,则可以减少 PGS 的振动。本研究建立了双排 PGS 的动态模型。该动态模型考虑了齿轮对的啮合力和轴承的支撑力。研究了太阳齿轮轴向位置对太阳齿轮和环形齿轮 #2 振动的影响。最后,给出了太阳齿轮的推荐轴向位置。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy in advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in Chinese patients: A real-world study. 基于抗程序性死亡-1抗体的联合疗法对中国晚期或转移性胃癌或胃食管交界癌的疗效和安全性:真实世界研究
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241272703
Yifan Gao, Haoqian Li, Lei Qiu, Hongtu Yuan, Qing Fan, Zuoxing Niu, Ligang Xing, Mingxing Li, Dandan Yuan

Purpose: Programmed death-1 antibody plus chemotherapy has gained approval for the treatment for (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis therapy in Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in a real-world setting.

Methods: In total, 122 patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy between April 2019 and December 2021 were encompassed. Clinical outcomes and safety profile were measured and analyzed.

Results: In the whole cohort, median overall survival was 17.2 months, median progression-free survival was 10.9 months, and median duration of response was 9.4 months. Notably, in the first-line patients, the median overall survival was not reached, median progression-free survival was 14.8 months, objective response rate was 68.4%. In the second-line group, median overall survival, median progression-free survival, median duration of response, and objective response rate were 10.9 months, 5.9 months, 4.5 months, and 41.5%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 28.2% of the overall cohort, primarily affecting the hematological and liver function. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were mainly characterized by increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, along with decreased lymphocyte and white blood cells, as well as anemia.

Conclusions: Patients in our cohort experienced a clinical benefit from anti-programmed death-1 antibody-combined treatment in first-line treatment settings, with acceptable treatment-related adverse events. The benefit of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis treatment to the second-line patients should be further confirmed by large multi-center randomized, controlled clinical trials.

目的:程序性死亡-1抗体联合化疗已被批准用于治疗(人表皮生长因子受体2阴性的局部晚期或转移性胃癌或胃食管交界癌)。本研究旨在分析抗程序性死亡-1抗体联合化疗或抗血管生成治疗在中国晚期或转移性胃癌或胃食管交界癌患者中的疗效和安全性:在2019年4月至2021年12月期间,共有122名患者接受了基于抗程序性死亡-1抗体的联合治疗。对临床结果和安全性进行了测量和分析:在整个队列中,中位总生存期为17.2个月,中位无进展生存期为10.9个月,中位反应持续时间为9.4个月。值得注意的是,一线患者未达到中位总生存期,中位无进展生存期为14.8个月,客观反应率为68.4%。在二线组中,中位总生存期、中位无进展生存期、中位反应持续时间和客观反应率分别为10.9个月、5.9个月、4.5个月和41.5%。28.2%的患者出现任何级别的治疗相关不良反应,主要影响血液和肝功能。3级或4级不良反应主要表现为天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平升高,淋巴细胞和白细胞减少,以及贫血:我们队列中的患者在一线治疗中从抗程序性死亡-1抗体联合治疗中获得了临床获益,治疗相关的不良反应是可以接受的。抗程序性死亡-1抗体联合化疗或抗血管生成治疗对二线患者的益处应通过大型多中心随机对照临床试验进一步证实。
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引用次数: 0
1,4-Diol Hq (TBHQ) vs 1,4-dithiol (TBDT); simulation of safe antioxidant with a lower carcinogenic activity. 1,4-Diol Hq (TBHQ) 与 1,4-Dithiol (TBDT);模拟具有较低致癌活性的安全抗氧化剂。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241280869
Seyed Zahra Mosavi, Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar, Tahereh Zahedi, Bagher Seyedalipour

Objectives: tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant and preservative used in unsaturated vegetable oils and processed foods. However, when consumed in higher doses daily, it may pose a threat to public health by potentially increasing the risk of cancer, as it has an affinity with both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).

Methods: This study aimed to examine the impact of substituting the 1,4-diol of TBHQ with 1,4-dithiol, referred to as TBDT, on the carcinogenic and antioxidant systems using computational methods. The binding affinity of TBHQ and TBDT to the two carcinogenic receptors, AhR and ERα, as well as to the antioxidant receptor Keap1 alone and in connection with Nrf2 (Nrf2-Keap1) was investigated through docking analysis.

Results: The results indicated a decrease in TBDT's binding strength to ERα and AhR when assessed using Molegro Virtual Docker (P-value: 0.0001 and 0.00001, respectively), AutoDock Vina (P-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001), and the online server Fast DRH (P-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001). However, TBDT's binding affinity to Keap1 was predicted to be significantly stronger than TBHQ's by both MVD and AutoDock Vina (P-value: 0.0001 and 0.04), while its binding to Nrf2-Keap1 assessed to be stronger only by MVD (P-value: 0.0001).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that TBDT not only exhibits higher antioxidant activity as a better ligand for the antioxidant system but also shows lower affinity with the AhR and ERα receptors. Therefore, TBDT can be considered a safer compound than TBHQ.

目的:叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)是一种抗氧化剂和防腐剂,用于不饱和植物油和加工食品中。然而,当每天摄入较高剂量时,由于它与芳基烃受体(AhR)和雌激素受体α(ERα)都有亲和力,可能会增加患癌症的风险,从而对公众健康构成威胁:本研究旨在利用计算方法研究用 1,4- 二硫醇(简称 TBDT)取代 TBHQ 的 1,4- 二醇对致癌和抗氧化系统的影响。通过对接分析,研究了 TBHQ 和 TBDT 与两种致癌受体 AhR 和 ERα 以及单独与抗氧化受体 Keap1 的结合亲和力,以及与 Nrf2(Nrf2-Keap1)的结合亲和力:结果表明,在使用 Molegro Virtual Docker(P 值分别为 0.0001 和 0.00001)、AutoDock Vina(P 值分别为 0.0001 和 0.0001)和在线服务器 Fast DRH(P 值分别为 0.0001 和 0.0001)进行评估时,TBDT 与 ERα 和 AhR 的结合强度有所下降。然而,根据 MVD 和 AutoDock Vina 的预测,TBDT 与 Keap1 的结合亲和力明显强于 TBHQ(P 值:0.0001 和 0.04),而根据 MVD 的评估,TBDT 与 Nrf2-Keap1 的结合亲和力更强(P 值:0.0001):这些研究结果表明,TBDT 作为抗氧化系统的最佳配体,不仅具有更高的抗氧化活性,而且与 AhR 和 ERα 受体的亲和力较低。因此,可以认为 TBDT 是一种比 TBHQ 更安全的化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Slow sound mode prediction and band structure calculation in 1D phononic crystal nanobeams using an artificial neural network. 利用人工神经网络进行一维声子晶体纳米梁的慢声模预测和带状结构计算
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241272461
Fu-Li Hsiao, Yen-Tung Yang, Wen-Kai Lin, Ying-Pin Tsai

Phononic crystals, which are artificial crystals formed by the periodic arrangement of materials with different elastic coefficients in space, can display modulated sound waves propagating within them. Similar to the natural crystals used in semiconductor research with electronic bandgaps, phononic crystals exhibit the characteristics of phononic bandgaps. A gap design can be utilized to create various resonant cavities, confining specific resonance modes within the defects of the structure. In studies on phononic crystals, phononic band structure diagrams are often used to investigate the variations in phononic bandgaps and elastic resonance modes. As the phononic band frequencies vary nonlinearly with the structural parameters, numerous calculations are required to analyze the gap or mode frequency shifts in phononic band structure diagrams. However, traditional calculation methods are time-consuming. Therefore, this study proposes the use of neural networks to replace the time-consuming calculation processes of traditional methods. Numerous band structure diagrams are initially obtained through the finite-element method and serve as the raw dataset, and a certain proportion of the data is randomly extracted from the dataset for neural network training. By treating each mode point in the band structure diagram as an independent data point, the training dataset for neural networks can be expanded from a small number to a large number of band structure diagrams. This study also introduces another network that effectively improves mode prediction accuracy by training neural networks to focus on specific modes. The proposed method effectively reduces the cost of repetitive calculations.

声子晶体是由具有不同弹性系数的材料在空间周期性排列形成的人工晶体,可以显示在其内部传播的调制声波。与半导体研究中使用的具有电子带隙的天然晶体类似,声子晶体也具有声子带隙的特性。可利用带隙设计创建各种共振腔,将特定共振模式限制在结构缺陷内。在声子晶体研究中,声子带结构图通常用于研究声子带隙和弹性共振模式的变化。由于声带频率与结构参数呈非线性变化,因此需要进行大量计算来分析声带结构图中的间隙或模式频率偏移。然而,传统的计算方法非常耗时。因此,本研究提出使用神经网络来替代传统方法的耗时计算过程。首先通过有限元法获得大量带状结构图作为原始数据集,然后从数据集中随机抽取一定比例的数据进行神经网络训练。通过将带状结构图中的每个模态点视为一个独立的数据点,神经网络的训练数据集可以从少量的带状结构图扩展到大量的带状结构图。本研究还引入了另一种网络,通过训练神经网络关注特定模式,有效提高了模式预测精度。所提出的方法有效降低了重复计算的成本。
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引用次数: 0
ICBEPS 2024 Abstract. ICBEPS 2024 摘要。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241264858
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引用次数: 0
Developing an eco-driving strategy in a hybrid traffic network using reinforcement learning. 利用强化学习在混合交通网络中制定生态驾驶策略。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241263406
Umar Jamil, Mostafa Malmir, Alan Chen, Monika Filipovska, Mimi Xie, Caiwen Ding, Yu-Fang Jin

Eco-driving has garnered considerable research attention owing to its potential socio-economic impact, including enhanced public health and mitigated climate change effects through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. With an expectation of more autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the road, an eco-driving strategy in hybrid traffic networks encompassing AV and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) with the coordination of traffic lights is a challenging task. The challenge is partially due to the insufficient infrastructure for collecting, transmitting, and sharing real-time traffic data among vehicles, facilities, and traffic control centers, and the following decision-making of agents involved in traffic control. Additionally, the intricate nature of the existing traffic network, with its diverse array of vehicles and facilities, contributes to the challenge by hindering the development of a mathematical model for accurately characterizing the traffic network. In this study, we utilized the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) simulator to tackle the first challenge through computational analysis. To address the second challenge, we employed a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, proximal policy optimization, to decide the actions of AV and traffic light signals in a traffic network. A novel eco-driving strategy was proposed by introducing different percentages of AV into the traffic flow and collaborating with traffic light signals using RL to control the overall speed of the vehicles, resulting in improved fuel consumption efficiency. Average rewards with different penetration rates of AV (5%, 10%, and 20% of total vehicles) were compared to the situation without any AV in the traffic flow (0% penetration rate). The 10% penetration rate of AV showed a minimum time of convergence to achieve average reward, leading to a significant reduction in fuel consumption and total delay of all vehicles.

生态驾驶具有潜在的社会经济影响,包括通过减少温室气体排放来提高公众健康水平和减轻气候变化影响,因此受到了相当多的研究关注。随着更多自动驾驶车辆(AV)有望上路,在包括自动驾驶车辆和人类驾驶车辆(HDV)的混合交通网络中,生态驾驶战略与交通信号灯的协调是一项具有挑战性的任务。造成这一挑战的部分原因是,在车辆、设施和交通控制中心之间收集、传输和共享实时交通数据的基础设施不足,以及参与交通控制的代理决策不足。此外,现有交通网络错综复杂,车辆和设施种类繁多,阻碍了准确描述交通网络特征的数学模型的开发,从而加剧了这一挑战。在本研究中,我们利用城市交通仿真(SUMO)模拟器,通过计算分析来应对第一个挑战。为了应对第二个挑战,我们采用了一种无模型强化学习(RL)算法--近端策略优化,来决定交通网络中 AV 和交通信号灯的行动。我们提出了一种新颖的生态驾驶策略,即在交通流中引入不同比例的自动驾驶汽车,并利用 RL 与交通信号灯合作控制车辆的总体速度,从而提高燃油消耗效率。将不同普及率(占车辆总数的 5%、10% 和 20%)的自动驾驶汽车的平均回报与交通流中没有任何自动驾驶汽车的情况(普及率为 0%)进行了比较。10% 的 AV 渗透率显示,实现平均奖励的收敛时间最短,从而显著降低了所有车辆的燃油消耗和总延迟。
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引用次数: 0
Ulinastatin shortens the length of ICU stay in critical patients with organ failure: A 7-year real-world study. 乌利那他汀可缩短器官衰竭危重病人在重症监护室的住院时间:一项为期 7 年的真实世界研究。
IF 4.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241272696
Lixue Wu, Deduo Xu, Yanru Liu, Wenfang Li, Weiwei Jiang, Xia Tao, Jinyuan Zhang, Ze Yu, Fei Gao, Wansheng Chen, Zhaofen Lin, Yi Shan

Background: Ulinastatin has been applied in a series of diseases associated with inflammation but its clinical effects remain somewhat elusive.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the potential effects of ulinastatin on organ failure patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study on organ failure patients from 2013 to 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to using ulinastatin or not during hospitalization. Propensity score matching was applied to reduce bias. The outcomes of interest were 28-day all-cause mortality, length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation duration.

Results: Of the 841 patients who fulfilled the entry criteria, 247 received ulinastatin. A propensity-matched cohort of 608 patients was created. No significant differences in 28-day mortality between the two groups. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) was identified as the independent risk factor associated with mortality. In the subgroup with SOFA ≤ 10, patients received ulinastatin experienced significantly shorter time in ICU (10.0 d [interquartile range, IQR: 7.0∼20.0] vs 15.0 d [IQR: 7.0∼25.0]; p = .004) and on mechanical ventilation (222 h [IQR:114∼349] vs 251 h [IQR: 123∼499]; P = .01), but the 28-day mortality revealed no obvious difference (10.5% vs 9.4%; p = .74).

Conclusion: Ulinastatin was beneficial in treating patients in ICU with organ failure, mainly by reducing the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation.

背景:乌利那他汀已被应用于一系列与炎症相关的疾病中,但其临床效果仍令人难以捉摸:我们旨在研究乌利那他汀对重症监护室(ICU)收治的器官衰竭患者的潜在影响:这是一项针对2013年至2019年器官衰竭患者的单中心回顾性研究。根据住院期间是否使用乌利那他汀,将患者分为两组。为减少偏差,采用倾向评分匹配法。研究结果为28天全因死亡率、重症监护室住院时间和机械通气时间:结果:在符合入选标准的 841 名患者中,有 247 人接受了乌利那他汀治疗。608名患者组成了倾向匹配队列。两组患者的 28 天死亡率无明显差异。序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)被认为是与死亡率相关的独立风险因素。在 SOFA ≤ 10 的亚组中,接受乌利那他汀治疗的患者在重症监护室的住院时间明显缩短(10.0 d [四分位数间距,IQR:7.0∼20.0] vs 15.0 d [四分位数间距,IQR:7.0∼25.0];p = .结论:乌利那他汀对治疗心肌梗死有益,但在28天死亡率方面没有明显差异(10.5% vs 9.4%;P = .74):结论:乌利那他汀对治疗重症监护病房器官衰竭患者有益,主要是缩短了重症监护病房的住院时间和机械通气时间。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative genomics revealed new insights into the plastome evolution of Ludwigia (Onagraceae, Myrtales). 比较基因组学揭示了 Ludwigia(Onagraceae, Myrtales)质体进化的新见解。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241272741
Hoang Danh Nguyen, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Minh Thiet Vu

The primrose-willow (Ludwigia L.), a well-defined genus of the Onagraceae family, comprises 87 species widely distributed worldwide. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of three species in the genus, including Ludwigia adscendens, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, and Ludwigia prostrata. Three Ludwigia cp genomes ranged from 158,354 to 159,592 bp in size, and each contained 113 genes, including 79 unique protein-coding genes (PCGs), four rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. A comparison of the Ludwigia cp genomes revealed that they were highly conserved in gene composition, gene orientation, and GC content. Moreover, we compared the structure of cp genomes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships with related species in the Onagraceae family. Regarding contraction/expansion of inverted repeat (IR) region, two kinds of expansion IR region structures were found in Oenothera, Chamaenerion, and Epilobium genera, with primitive IR structures in Ludwigia and Circeae genera. The regions clpP, ycf2, and ycf1 genes possessed highly divergent nucleotides among all available cp genomes of the Onagraceae family. The phylogenetic reconstruction using 79 PCGs from 39 Onagraceae cp genomes inferred that Ludwigia (including L. adscendens, L. hyssopifolia, L. prostrata, and Ludwigia octovalvis) clade was monophyletic and well-supported by the bootstrap and posterior probability values. This study provides the reference cp genomes of three Ludwigia species, which can be used for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of Ludwigia and Onagraceae taxa.

报春花柳属(Ludwigia L.)是一种定义明确的大戟科属植物,共有 87 个种,广泛分布于世界各地。在这项研究中,我们对该属的三个物种,包括 Ludwigia adscendens、Ludwigia hyssopifolia 和 Ludwigia prostrata 的完整叶绿体(cp)基因组进行了测序和鉴定。三个Ludwigia cp基因组的大小从158,354到159,592 bp不等,每个基因组包含113个基因,包括79个独特的蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)、4个rRNA基因和30个tRNA基因。对路德维格 cp 基因组进行比较后发现,它们在基因组成、基因方向和 GC 含量方面高度保守。此外,我们还比较了 cp 基因组的结构,并重建了与大戟科相关物种的系统发育关系。在倒位重复区(IR)的收缩/扩张方面,在Oenothera属、Chamaenerion属和Epilobium属中发现了两种扩张的IR区结构,在Ludwigia属和Circeae属中发现了原始的IR区结构。clpP、ycf2和ycf1基因区域在Onagraceae科所有可获得的cp基因组中具有高度差异的核苷酸。利用 39 个 Onagraceae cp 基因组中的 79 个 PCGs 进行系统发育重建,推断 Ludwigia(包括 L. adscendens、L. hyssopifolia、L. prostrata 和 Ludwigia octovalvis)支系为单系,并得到引导值和后验概率值的良好支持。本研究提供了三个Ludwigia物种的参考cp基因组,可用于Ludwigia和Onagraceae类群的物种鉴定和系统发育重建。
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引用次数: 0
Using learning-by-concordance to develop reasoning in epistaxis management with online feedback: A pilot study. 通过在线反馈,利用 "边学边做 "培养鼻衄处理中的推理能力:试点研究。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241274583
Benjamin Verillaud, Marine Veleur, Romain Kania, Ivry Zagury-Orly, Nicolas Fernandez, Bernard Charlin

Background: Epistaxis is a recurring cause for referral to emergency departments. Its management can be complex; hence, it is critical to provide appropriate support to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents to develop clinical reasoning skills to manage such cases. Learning-by-Concordance (LbC) is a recently developed educational tool that encourages learners to think through simulated clinical scenarios. A panel of ENTs provides insightful feedback to residents, reflecting a diversity of opinions about practice. Our study aimed to assess LbC's feasibility and perceived value for training OHNS residents in epistaxis management.

Methods: In this qualitative study, three OHNS surgeons, including two faculty members and one resident, wrote the LbC scenarios. The LbC tool was made available to participants through an online platform. A panel of four OHNS faculty provided feedback on answers to LbC questions. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery residents participated and provided their opinion on the value of this educational tool through an online questionnaire.

Results: A total of 10 one-hour sessions were required to create and upload the training tool. To provide insightful feedback embedded in the learning tool, the four panelists needed 60 min each. Of the 37 participating residents, 25 (68%) completed the training. Overall satisfaction was high: 88% appreciated the training method, and 92% wanted to use this type of training again. Most residents felt the training enabled them to improve their clinical reasoning when encountering a patient with epistaxis (92%) and their knowledge about epistaxis (96%).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that OHNS residents could benefit from clinical reasoning exercises with panelist feedback using the LbC approach for clinical presentations that require complex approaches to manage conditions such as epistaxis.

背景:鼻衄是急诊科的常见病。其处理过程可能很复杂;因此,为耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(OHNS)住院医师提供适当的支持,培养他们处理此类病例的临床推理技能至关重要。协作学习(LbC)是最近开发的一种教育工具,它鼓励学员通过模拟临床情景进行思考。耳鼻喉科专家小组会向住院医师提供有见地的反馈意见,反映出对实践的不同看法。我们的研究旨在评估 LbC 在培训耳鼻喉科住院医师处理鼻衄方面的可行性和感知价值:在这项定性研究中,包括两名教师和一名住院医师在内的三名内科外科医生编写了 LbC 情景。LbC 工具通过在线平台提供给参与者。由四位耳鼻喉科外科医生组成的小组就LbC问题的答案提供反馈意见。耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院医师也参与其中,并通过在线问卷就这一教育工具的价值发表了意见:结果:创建和上传培训工具共需要 10 个小时的时间。为了在学习工具中提供有见地的反馈意见,四位小组成员每人需要 60 分钟。在 37 名参与培训的住院医师中,25 人(68%)完成了培训。总体满意度很高:88%的人对培训方法表示赞赏,92%的人希望再次使用此类培训。大多数住院医师认为培训提高了他们在遇到鼻衄患者时的临床推理能力(92%)和对鼻衄的认识(96%):研究结果表明,在处理鼻衄等需要复杂方法的临床表现时,使用 LbC 方法进行有小组成员反馈的临床推理练习可使 OHNS 住院医师受益。
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