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Text-image multimodal fusion model for enhanced fake news detection. 用于增强假新闻检测的文本图像多模态融合模型。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241292685
Szu-Yin Lin, Yen-Chiu Chen, Yu-Han Chang, Shih-Hsin Lo, Kuo-Ming Chao

In the era of rapid internet expansion and technological progress, discerning real from fake news poses a growing challenge, exposing users to potential misinformation. The existing literature primarily focuses on analyzing individual features in fake news, overlooking multimodal feature fusion recognition. Compared to single-modal approaches, multimodal fusion allows for a more comprehensive and enriched capture of information from different data modalities (such as text and images), thereby improving the performance and effectiveness of the model. This study proposes a model using multimodal fusion to identify fake news, aiming to curb misinformation. The framework integrates textual and visual information, using early fusion, joint fusion and late fusion strategies to combine them. The proposed framework processes textual and visual information through data cleaning and feature extraction before classification. Fake news classification is accomplished through a model, achieving accuracy of 85% and 90% in the Gossipcop and Fakeddit datasets, with F1-scores of 90% and 88%, showcasing its performance. The study presents outcomes across different training periods, demonstrating the effectiveness of multimodal fusion in combining text and image recognition for combating fake news. This research contributes significantly to addressing the critical issue of misinformation, emphasizing a comprehensive approach for detection accuracy enhancement.

在互联网快速发展和技术进步的时代,辨别真假新闻构成了越来越大的挑战,使用户面临潜在的错误信息。现有文献主要侧重于分析假新闻中的单个特征,忽视了多模态特征融合识别。与单模态方法相比,多模态融合可以更全面、更丰富地捕捉不同数据模态(如文本和图像)的信息,从而提高模型的性能和有效性。本研究提出了一种利用多模态融合识别假新闻的模型,旨在遏制错误信息。该框架整合了文本和视觉信息,使用早期融合、联合融合和后期融合策略将它们结合起来。在分类之前,拟议框架通过数据清理和特征提取来处理文本和视觉信息。假新闻分类是通过一个模型完成的,在 Gossipcop 和 Fakeddit 数据集上的准确率分别达到 85% 和 90%,F1 分数分别为 90% 和 88%,充分展示了该模型的性能。该研究展示了不同训练期的结果,证明了多模态融合在结合文本和图像识别打击假新闻方面的有效性。这项研究为解决虚假信息这一关键问题做出了重大贡献,强调了提高检测准确性的综合方法。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the influence mechanisms of climate-induced events on groundwater microplastic contamination: A focus on aquifer vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies. 气候诱发事件对地下水微塑料污染的影响机制综述:重点关注含水层脆弱性和缓解战略。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241306270
Naing Aung Khant, Regina Martha Lumongsod, Sim Namkoong, Heejung Kim

Climate change and plastic pollution are two main issues that our world is currently facing, and they are mainly linked through various processes, mechanisms, and chemical blueprint. Emerging issues related to microplastic (MP) contamination in freshwater are expanding and diverse research is being carried out globally. Factors causing climate change are increasing the frequency of extreme weather phenomena such as floods, drought, sea level rise, and heat waves, which can directly or indirectly influence the plastic/MP contamination in various ecosystems including groundwater environments. Here, we review the impacts of extreme weather events on MP contamination in freshwater with a specific focus on groundwater environments. This narrative review shows that flooding can have the most adverse effect on the MP pollution in groundwater environments through recharge events. Drought can also have major effects on MP pollution. Karst, alluvial, and coastal aquifers exhibit the highest levels of MP contamination among various aquifer types. Climate change's impact on different types of aquifers can vary depending on hydrogeological conditions and other factors in the groundwater environment. Prevention and comprehensive solutions are crucial for addressing MPs in the environment, with downstream measures being supplementary to upstream ones.

气候变化和塑料污染是当今世界面临的两个主要问题,它们主要通过各种过程、机制和化学蓝图联系在一起。与淡水中微塑料污染有关的新问题正在扩大,全球正在开展各种研究。导致气候变化的因素正在增加极端天气现象的频率,如洪水、干旱、海平面上升和热浪,这些现象可以直接或间接地影响包括地下水环境在内的各种生态系统中的塑料/MP污染。在这里,我们回顾了极端天气事件对淡水中MP污染的影响,并特别关注地下水环境。这一叙述综述表明,洪水可以通过补给事件对地下水环境中的MP污染产生最不利的影响。干旱也会对空气污染产生重大影响。喀斯特含水层、冲积层和沿海含水层在各种含水层类型中表现出最高的MP污染水平。气候变化对不同类型含水层的影响可能因水文地质条件和地下水环境中的其他因素而异。预防和综合解决方案对于解决环境中的MPs至关重要,下游措施是上游措施的补充。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting and evaluating settlement of shallow foundation using machine learning approach. 利用机器学习方法预测和评估浅层地基的沉降。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241302972
Thi Thanh Huong Ngo, Van Quan Tran

This study presents a novel approach to accurately predict the settlement of shallow foundations using advanced machine learning techniques while assessing the influence of key variables. Four machine learning models Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are enhanced with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for hyperparameter tuning, resulting in hybrid models GB-PSO, RF-PSO, SVM-PSO, and KNN-PSO. The experimental dataset comprises 189 samples, and model performance is rigorously evaluated through K-Fold Cross-Validation alongside R², RMSE, MAE, and MAPE metrics. The results indicate that PSO tuning does not consistently improve the prediction accuracy, with the original models, particularly GB and RF, outperforming their PSO-optimized counterparts. Sensitivity analysis via Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) highlights average Standard Penetration Test blow count (SPT) and footing width (B) as the most influential variables, with footing embedment ratio (Df/B) and net applied pressure (q) also significantly impacting settlement predictions. The study offers a new Excel tool based on the GB model, facilitating practical applications for civil engineers, and providing a dependable, user-friendly tool to predict shallow foundation settlement.

本研究提出了一种新方法,利用先进的机器学习技术准确预测浅层地基的沉降,同时评估关键变量的影响。四种机器学习模型梯度提升(GB)、随机森林(RF)、支持向量机(SVM)和 K-近邻(KNN)通过粒子群优化(PSO)进行超参数调整,最终形成混合模型 GB-PSO、RF-PSO、SVM-PSO 和 KNN-PSO。实验数据集包括 189 个样本,通过 K 折交叉验证以及 R²、RMSE、MAE 和 MAPE 指标对模型性能进行了严格评估。结果表明,PSO 调整并不能持续提高预测准确率,原始模型,尤其是 GB 和 RF,要优于经过 PSO 优化的对应模型。通过 Shapley Additive Explanation(SHAP)进行的敏感性分析表明,平均标准贯入试验打击数(SPT)和基脚宽度(B)是影响最大的变量,基脚嵌入比(Df/B)和净施加压力(q)也对沉降预测有显著影响。该研究提供了基于 GB 模型的新 Excel 工具,为土木工程师的实际应用提供了便利,并为预测浅基础沉降提供了可靠、用户友好的工具。
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引用次数: 0
From trauma to chronicity: Understanding the incidence and early immune changes of chronic complications in polytrauma patients. 从创伤到慢性:了解多发创伤患者慢性并发症的发生率和早期免疫变化。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241305901
Cong Zhang, Deng Chen, Qian Wan, Gang Yin, Yang Liu, Jialiu Luo, Shunyao Chen, Zhiqiang Lin, Shuaipeng Gu, Hui Li, Teding Chang, Liming Dong, Peidong Zhang, Zhaohui Tang

Objective: Polytrauma is a complex condition associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates resulting from severe damage and complicated complications. This study sought to ascertain the incidence of chronic complications in polytrauma patients, as well as the early immune changes and risk factors.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective and observational cohort study was conducted at the emergency surgery or traumatic intensive care unit (TICU) of the Advanced Trauma Center from August 2020 to July 2023. A total of 2033 consecutive trauma patients were included in the study. In the first 1, 7, and 14 days after admission, flow cytometry and immunoassay kits were used to examine cytokine release and lymphocyte count.

Results: Trauma patients were reported 33.8% (687/2033) chronic complication rates, with monotrauma patients reported 8.1% (55/683) and polytrauma patients reported 59.4% (802/1350). And the four most frequent chronic complications in polytrauma patients were chronic musculoskeletal pain (30.4%), post-traumatic osteoarthritis (27.2%), chronic wound (21.6%), and chronic lung injury (14.1.%) .There were significant differences in lymphocyte ratios and cytokine levels, at 1, 7, and 14 day of admission between chronic complication groups (CCP) and not chronic complication groups (N-CCP) in polytrauma. Polytrauma patients with characteristics of higher ratio of Ts7d ratio (95% CI: 2.01-6.21), Treg14d (95% CI: 1.12-5.43) and level of IL-67d (95% CI: 1.22-4.43), TNF-α7d (95% CI: 1.05-3.83), IL-1014d (95% CI: 2.01-6.84) were found to have a higher likelihood of experiencing a chronic complication. Conversely, a higher ratio of Tc1d (95% CI: 0.53-0.86), Th1d (95% CI: 0.64-0.95) and Th/Ts14d (95% CI: 0.21-0.64) were identified as independent protective factors against a chronic complication event.

Conclusion: Polytrauma patients exhibit a notable prevalence of chronic complications. Some immune and inflammatory indicators can be observed early in combination after injury to predict the risk of chronic complications after polytrauma.

目的:多发性创伤是一种复杂的疾病,由于严重的损伤和复杂的并发症而导致不良后果和高死亡率。本研究旨在确定多发性创伤患者慢性并发症的发生率,以及早期免疫变化和风险因素:2020年8月至2023年7月,在高级创伤中心的急诊外科或创伤重症监护室(TICU)开展了一项多中心、前瞻性和观察性队列研究。研究共纳入了 2033 名连续创伤患者。在入院后的头1天、7天和14天,使用流式细胞术和免疫测定试剂盒检测细胞因子释放和淋巴细胞计数:结果:创伤患者的慢性并发症发生率为 33.8%(687/2033),其中单发创伤患者为 8.1%(55/683),多发创伤患者为 59.4%(802/1350)。多发性创伤患者最常见的四种慢性并发症分别是慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(30.4%)、创伤后骨关节炎(27.2%)、慢性伤口(21.6%)和慢性肺损伤(14.1%)。研究发现,Ts7d比率(95% CI:2.01-6.21)、Treg14d(95% CI:1.12-5.43)和IL-67d(95% CI:1.22-4.43)、TNF-α7d(95% CI:1.05-3.83)、IL-1014d(95% CI:2.01-6.84)水平较高的多发性创伤患者发生慢性并发症的可能性较高。相反,Tc1d(95% CI:0.53-0.86)、Th1d(95% CI:0.64-0.95)和Th/Ts14d(95% CI:0.21-0.64)的比率越高,慢性并发症事件发生的可能性就越大:结论:多发性创伤患者的慢性并发症发病率较高。结论:多发性创伤患者的慢性并发症发病率较高,可通过观察受伤后早期的免疫和炎症指标来预测多发性创伤后发生慢性并发症的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Benzodiazepine use and incident risk of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with cardiovascular diseases. 心血管疾病患者使用苯二氮卓类药物与心脏骤停事件风险。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241295325
Chunbao Mo, Shuang Wang, Xia Li, Furong Li, Cheng Jin, Bo Bai, Haolong Pei, Jing Zheng, Fengchao Liang

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed as adjunctive drugs for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly those who experience anxiety or insomnia. However, the relationship between the use of BZDs and incident risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has not been well investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between the use of BZDs and the incident risk of SCA among patients with CVD.

Method: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 74,715 eligible patients with new-onset CVD as a primary cause of hospitalization between July 2016 and August 2022 were included from the health information platform in Shenzhen, China. Among them, 61,761 BZD non-initiators were identified and matched to 12,954 BZD initiators by propensity score at a maximum ratio of 5:1. Propensity score-matched Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Over a 12-month follow-up period, 29 (2.24 per 1000 person-years) and 137 (2.22 per 1000 person-years) SCA cases occurred among propensity score-matched BZD initiators and non-initiators, respectively. Patients who initiated BZD treatment were associated with a 101% increased risk of SCA incidence compared with patients without BZD treatment (adjusted HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.83). Furthermore, compared with the non-use (0 defined daily dose, DDD), the adjusted HR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.56) for the BZD consumption of ≤1 DDD and 2.58 (95% CI: 2.37, 2.81) for the BZD consumption of >1 DDD (P for trend < 0.001) within a 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence that BZD initiation may be associated with an increased incident risk of SCA in patients with CVD. Our finding highlights the importance of cautious prescribing BZDs in the health management of patients with CVD.

背景:苯二氮卓类药物(BZDs)是心血管疾病(CVDs)患者,尤其是焦虑或失眠患者的常用辅助药物。然而,使用 BZDs 与心脏骤停(SCA)事件风险之间的关系尚未得到很好的研究。在这项研究中,我们旨在研究心血管疾病患者使用 BZDs 与 SCA 事故风险之间的关系:在这项回顾性队列研究中,我们从深圳市卫生信息平台中纳入了 2016 年 7 月至 2022 年 8 月期间以新发心血管疾病为主要住院原因的 74,715 名符合条件的患者。其中,61,761名未服用BZD的患者与12,954名服用BZD的患者通过倾向得分匹配,最大比例为5:1。采用倾向得分匹配 Cox 比例危险模型估算危险比(HRs)和 95% 置信区间(CIs):在12个月的随访期内,倾向评分匹配的BZD初始治疗者和非初始治疗者中分别出现了29例(每千人年2.24例)和137例(每千人年2.22例)SCA病例。与未接受 BZD 治疗的患者相比,接受 BZD 治疗的患者发生 SCA 的风险增加了 101%(调整后 HR:2.01,95% CI:1.42,2.83)。此外,与不使用(0 定义日剂量,DDD)相比,服用 BZD ≤1 DDD 的调整 HR 为 1.43(95% CI:1.32,1.56),服用 BZD >1 DDD 的调整 HR 为 2.58(95% CI:2.37,2.81)(P 为趋势结论):本研究提供的证据表明,开始服用 BZD 可能与心血管疾病患者发生 SCA 的风险增加有关。我们的发现强调了在心血管疾病患者的健康管理中谨慎处方 BZDs 的重要性。
{"title":"Benzodiazepine use and incident risk of sudden cardiac arrest in patients with cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Chunbao Mo, Shuang Wang, Xia Li, Furong Li, Cheng Jin, Bo Bai, Haolong Pei, Jing Zheng, Fengchao Liang","doi":"10.1177/00368504241295325","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241295325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed as adjunctive drugs for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly those who experience anxiety or insomnia. However, the relationship between the use of BZDs and incident risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has not been well investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between the use of BZDs and the incident risk of SCA among patients with CVD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 74,715 eligible patients with new-onset CVD as a primary cause of hospitalization between July 2016 and August 2022 were included from the health information platform in Shenzhen, China. Among them, 61,761 BZD non-initiators were identified and matched to 12,954 BZD initiators by propensity score at a maximum ratio of 5:1. Propensity score-matched Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a 12-month follow-up period, 29 (2.24 per 1000 person-years) and 137 (2.22 per 1000 person-years) SCA cases occurred among propensity score-matched BZD initiators and non-initiators, respectively. Patients who initiated BZD treatment were associated with a 101% increased risk of SCA incidence compared with patients without BZD treatment (adjusted HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.83). Furthermore, compared with the non-use (0 defined daily dose, DDD), the adjusted HR was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.56) for the BZD consumption of ≤1 DDD and 2.58 (95% CI: 2.37, 2.81) for the BZD consumption of >1 DDD (<i>P</i> for trend < 0.001) within a 12-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence that BZD initiation may be associated with an increased incident risk of SCA in patients with CVD. Our finding highlights the importance of cautious prescribing BZDs in the health management of patients with CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 4","pages":"368504241295325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semantic segmentation models with frozen weights for railway track detection. 基于固定权值的铁路轨道检测语义分割模型。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241304204
Seungmin Lee, Beomseong Kim, Heesung Lee

In recent years, the application of pretrained models in specialized domains has become increasingly important. Traditionally, adapting these models involved fine-tuning their parameters and structures through retraining. However, these fine-tuning methods can be inefficient, particularly when addressing data from specific domains or when modifications are needed in the lower layers of large-scale pretrained models. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using pretrained models with frozen weights for downstream tasks in the context of railway track detection, particularly focusing on the railway system. To achieve this, we employed a large-scale semantic segmentation model that had been pretrained on extensive datasets. The models utilized were kept with fixed weights, eliminating the need for retraining. We conducted a comparative analysis of various pretrained models sourced from different datasets to identify the most suitable model for the track detection system. The findings from our experiments revealed the performance metrics of the selected pretrained models, highlighting their effectiveness in the specific domain of railway track detection. Overall, this research demonstrates the practical applicability of pretrained models with frozen weights in specialized fields such as railway systems, offering insights into their usefulness and potential for improving detection algorithms in this domain.

近年来,预训练模型在特定领域的应用变得越来越重要。传统上,适应这些模型需要通过再训练来微调它们的参数和结构。然而,这些微调方法可能是低效的,特别是当处理来自特定领域的数据时,或者当需要在大规模预训练模型的较低层进行修改时。本研究旨在探讨在铁路轨道检测背景下,使用具有冻结权值的预训练模型进行下游任务的有效性,特别是关注铁路系统。为了实现这一点,我们采用了一个大规模的语义分割模型,该模型已经在广泛的数据集上进行了预训练。所使用的模型保持固定权重,从而消除了重新训练的需要。我们对来自不同数据集的各种预训练模型进行了比较分析,以确定最适合轨道检测系统的模型。我们的实验结果揭示了所选预训练模型的性能指标,突出了它们在铁路轨道检测特定领域的有效性。总体而言,本研究证明了具有冻结权重的预训练模型在铁路系统等专业领域的实际适用性,为改进该领域的检测算法提供了有用性和潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Sliding mode control with self-adaptive parameters of a 5-DOF hybrid robot. 具有自适应参数的 5-DOF 混合机器人滑模控制。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241286381
Yanqin Zhao, Mingkun Wu, Jiangping Mei, Wen Zhao, Yan Jin

Due to the advantages of high stiffness, high precision, high load capacity and large workspace, hybrid robots are applicable to drilling and milling of complicated components with large sizes, for instance car panels. However, the difficulty in establishing an exact dynamic model and external disturbances affect the high accuracy control directly, which will decrease the machining accuracy and thereby affect the machining quality and efficiency of the system. Sliding mode control is an effective approach for high-order nonlinear dynamic systems since that it is very insensitive to disturbances and parameter variations. However, chattering may exist in traditional sliding mode control with fixed parameters, which results from a constant approaching speed. Besides, the approaching speed will affect the chattering strength directly. To solve these problems, a modified sliding mode controller with self-adaptive parameters is proposed to enhance the trajectory-tracking performance of a 5-degree-of-freedom hybrid robot. Firstly, the kinematic model of the robot is established. Then adopting the principle of virtual work, a rigid dynamic model of the robot is built. Based on the built dynamic model, a modified sliding mode control method is developed, of which the approaching speed is dependent on the system state. Finally, the sliding mode controller with self-adaptive parameters is created for a hybrid robot. The proposed sliding mode controller can achieve a rapid approaching speed and suppress chattering simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed modified sliding mode controller can achieve a comparatively accurate and smooth trajectory, which owns good robustness to external disturbances.

由于混合动力机器人具有高刚度、高精度、高负载能力和大工作空间等优点,因此适用于钻孔和铣削尺寸较大的复杂部件,例如汽车面板。但是,由于难以建立精确的动态模型和外部干扰会直接影响高精度控制,从而降低加工精度,进而影响系统的加工质量和效率。滑模控制是一种有效的高阶非线性动态系统控制方法,因为它对干扰和参数变化非常不敏感。然而,在参数固定的传统滑模控制中,由于接近速度恒定,可能会出现颤振。此外,接近速度会直接影响颤振强度。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种具有自适应参数的改进型滑模控制器,以提高五自由度混合机器人的轨迹跟踪性能。首先,建立机器人的运动学模型。然后采用虚拟工作原理,建立机器人的刚性动态模型。基于建立的动态模型,开发了一种改进的滑模控制方法,其中接近速度取决于系统状态。最后,为混合机器人创建了具有自适应参数的滑模控制器。所提出的滑模控制器可以实现快速接近速度,并同时抑制颤振。仿真结果表明,所提出的改进型滑动模态控制器可以获得相对精确和平滑的轨迹,对外部干扰具有良好的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Study on influencing factors of controllable mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials. 类岩石多孔材料可控力学行为影响因素研究
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241291395
Xiaojing Zhu, Qingxin Qi, Yonghui Xiao, Haitao Li

Due to the discrete and non-homogeneous of similar materials and the inability to realize large-size and original scale modeling, it is difficult to restore the structure and stress state of underground coal and rock mass in similar simulation tests. To solve this problem, a lightweight and suitable for large-scale modeling similar material, rock-like porous material has been developed. The quasi-static uniaxial compression experiment was carried out by using the large tonnage multi-module electronic control test system. And the influencing factors of controllable mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials were studied. The results showed that, under uniaxial compression conditions, the material stress-strain curve exhibits three phases: elastic stage, failure stage, and platform stage. The uniaxial compressive strength, elasticity modulus, stress drop, and softening modulus of rock-like porous materials basically increase with the increase of density. The stress after peak strength changes from a slow decrease to a "stepped" or even "cliff like" downward trend. Polypropylene fibers have the effect of enhancing the uniaxial compressive strength, elasticity modulus, stress drop, softening modulus, shear deformation, and residual strength stability of rock-like porous materials. The rock-like porous material has a critical loading velocity, and it increases with density. At the critical loading velocity, the material shows obvious shear failure, and the shear inclination angle is the largest, and so is the uniaxial compressive strength. Through the experimental research, the influence laws of density, polypropylene fiber, and loading velocity on the failure mode, mechanical parameters, and mechanical behavior of the material are clarified, and the quantitative relationship between density and each mechanical parameter is obtained. The research is helpful to realize the accurate control of mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials and further inverts the deformation and failure mechanism of underground coal and rock structures through indoor similar simulation tests.

由于类似材料的离散性和非均质性,以及无法实现大尺度、原尺度建模,在类似模拟试验中很难还原地下煤岩体的结构和应力状态。为解决这一问题,一种轻便且适合大规模建模的类似材料--类岩石多孔材料应运而生。利用大吨位多模块电子控制试验系统进行了准静态单轴压缩试验。并研究了类岩石多孔材料可控力学行为的影响因素。结果表明,在单轴压缩条件下,材料的应力-应变曲线呈现三个阶段:弹性阶段、破坏阶段和平台阶段。类岩石多孔材料的单轴压缩强度、弹性模量、应力降和软化模量基本上随密度的增加而增加。峰值强度后的应力由缓慢下降变为 "阶梯式 "甚至 "悬崖式 "下降趋势。聚丙烯纤维具有提高类岩石多孔材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、应力下降、软化模量、剪切变形和残余强度稳定性的作用。类岩石多孔材料有一个临界加载速度,它随密度的增加而增加。在临界加载速度下,材料出现明显的剪切破坏,剪切倾角最大,单轴抗压强度也最大。通过实验研究,阐明了密度、聚丙烯纤维和加载速度对材料失效模式、力学参数和力学行为的影响规律,并得出了密度与各力学参数之间的定量关系。该研究有助于实现对类岩石多孔材料力学行为的精确控制,并通过室内类似模拟试验进一步反演地下煤岩结构的变形与破坏机理。
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引用次数: 0
Guillain-Barrè syndrome after treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor α (etanercept) in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: Case report and literature review. 抗肿瘤坏死因子α(依那西普)治疗1例类风湿关节炎患者Guillain-Barrè综合征:病例报告及文献复习。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241304203
Mera H Doden, Mahmoud R Manasra, Bara M AbuIrayyeh, Alaa R Al-Ihribat, Maram Albandak

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) medications. While these drugs can cause common side effects such as injection-site and infusion reactions, rare cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported. It's a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by progressive, ascending weakness of the extremities and areflexia, with an incidence of about 1.5 cases per 100,000 annually and a mortality rate of around 5%. It has been linked to various triggers, including infections, vaccinations, and medications like TNF inhibitors. Anti-TNF-α treatments may induce GBS by activating latent infections, increasing susceptibility, triggering autoimmune responses, or disrupting the balance of TNF-α in the peripheral nervous system. We report a 39-year-old female with a 26-year history of RA, initially treated with methotrexate until it was discontinued due to myelosuppression. She was then prescribed etanercept. A few weeks later, she developed numbness and burning pain in her limbs. GBS was suspected based on her symptoms, and nerve conduction studies confirmed the diagnosis. She was successfully treated with plasmapheresis.

类风湿性关节炎(RA)通常使用抗肿瘤坏死因子α (anti-TNF-α)药物治疗。虽然这些药物可能引起常见的副作用,如注射部位和输注反应,但已报道了罕见的格林-巴罗综合征(GBS)病例。这是一种潜在的危及生命的疾病,其特征是四肢逐渐虚弱,反射性无力,每年每10万人中约有1.5例,死亡率约为5%。它与各种诱因有关,包括感染、疫苗接种和肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂等药物。抗TNF-α治疗可能通过激活潜伏感染、增加易感性、触发自身免疫反应或破坏周围神经系统中TNF-α的平衡来诱导GBS。我们报告一位39岁女性,有26年的类风湿关节炎病史,最初用甲氨蝶呤治疗,直到因骨髓抑制而停药。医生给她开了依那西普。几周后,她的四肢出现麻木和灼痛。根据她的症状,怀疑是GBS,神经传导检查证实了诊断。她成功地接受了血浆置换治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal condition confirmation of treatment conditions through analysis of intratumoral apoptotic temperature range of microwave ablation for various microwave frequencies and antenna insertion depth. 通过分析微波消融在不同微波频率和天线插入深度下的瘤内凋亡温度范围,确定最佳治疗条件。
IF 2.6 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241300855
Donghyuk Kim, Hyunjung Kim

Microwave ablation is a therapeutic technique that kills tumors by inducing heat generation in biological tissue through microwave emissions. Microwave ablation is a minimally invasive treatment technique, which has the advantage of treating deeply located tumors with less bleeding than traditional surgical techniques. In this study, the therapeutic effect of microwave ablation was analyzed from the perspective of the temperature range where apoptosis and necrosis occur. Through the numerical modelling, the tumor located inside the liver tissue was implemented, and the temperature distribution in the hepatic tissue was calculated by varying value of the microwave frequency, microwave antenna input power, and the insertion depth of the microwave coaxial antenna. Microwave frequencies were selected as 915, and 2450 MHz, and the insertion depth of the microwave coaxial antenna was set at a distance difference between the tumor tip and the slot of 4 to 16 mm. In addition, the microwave antenna input power was set to a range of 0 to 60 W. Based on the obtained temperature distribution, the apoptotic variables, which are parameters specifically defined apoptosis ratios that can quantitatively verify the therapeutic effect, were calculated to derive the microwave ablation treatment condition that maximizes the therapeutic effect for each microwave frequency. Through the quantitative analysis of apoptotic variables, the optimal conditions for maximum therapeutic effect were derived for each microwave frequency analyzed in this study. For frequencies of 915 MHz, the optimal insertion depth of the antenna is 8 mm above the bottom of the tumor, and the optimal microwave input power is 40 W. For 2450 MHz, the optimal insertion depth and input power were found to be 4 mm and 4 W, respectively. Ultimately, it is expected that the results presented in this study will lead to more improved treatment of microwave ablation in practice.

微波消融术是一种通过微波辐射在生物组织中诱导发热来杀死肿瘤的治疗技术。微波消融术是一种微创治疗技术,与传统手术技术相比,它具有治疗深部肿瘤且出血少的优点。本研究从发生细胞凋亡和坏死的温度范围角度分析微波消融的治疗效果。通过数值模拟,实现了肝脏组织内的肿瘤,通过微波频率、微波天线输入功率和微波同轴天线插入深度的变化值,计算出肝脏组织内的温度分布。微波频率分别为915、2450 MHz,微波同轴天线的插入深度设置在肿瘤尖端与缝隙距离差4 ~ 16 mm处。另外,微波天线的输入功率设置为0 ~ 60w。根据得到的温度分布,计算细胞凋亡变量,即可以定量验证治疗效果的具体定义细胞凋亡比率的参数,从而得出每个微波频率下治疗效果最大的微波消融治疗条件。通过对凋亡变量的定量分析,得出了本研究所分析的各微波频率下最大治疗效果的最佳条件。频率为915mhz时,天线的最佳插入深度为肿瘤底部上方8mm,最佳微波输入功率为40w。对于2450 MHz,最佳插入深度和输入功率分别为4 mm和4 W。最终,我们期望本研究的结果能够在实践中进一步改进微波消融的治疗方法。
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