Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews最新文献_第6页

Social cognition in autism and ADHD 自闭症和多动症的社会认知。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106022

Sven Bölte

Social cognition is a crucial capacity for social functioning. The last decades have seen a plethora of social cognition research in neurodevelopmental conditions, foremost autism and, to a lesser extent, ADHD, both characterized by social challenges. Social cognition is a multifaceted construct comprising various overlapping subdomains, such as Theory of Mind/mentalizing, emotion recognition, and social perception. Mechanisms underpinning social cognition are complex, including implicit and explicit, cognitive and affective, and hyper- and hypo-social information processing. This review explores the intricacies of social cognition in the context of autism and ADHD. Research indicates altered performance on social cognition tests in autism, compared to neurotypical groups, with social cognition alterations having a small but robust effect on the defining features of autism. The nature of such alterations in autism appears primarily in relation to implicit processing. ADHD groups show intermediate social cognition performance, appearing to be influenced by executive function difficulties. Social cognition varies with intellectual and verbal abilities and seems to improve with age in autism and ADHD. Social skills interventions in autism, and stimulant medication in ADHD have been shown to improve social cognition test performance, while mentalizing training effects in autism are less conclusive. A limitation of the field is that social cognition constructs and tests are not well delineated. Further, most research has been embedded in a nativist approach rather than a constructivist approach. The former has been questioned for ignoring environmental contributions, especially the dimension of mutual miscommunication between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals.

社会认知是社会功能的一项重要能力。在过去的几十年里，我们看到了大量的神经发育条件下的社会认知研究，最重要的是自闭症，以及较小程度上的多动症，两者都以社会挑战为特征。社会认知是一个多层面的结构，包括心理理论/心理化、情感识别和社会感知等多个重叠的子领域。社会认知的机制是复杂的，包括内隐和外显、认知和情感、超社会和准社会信息加工。这篇综述探讨了自闭症和多动症背景下社会认知的复杂性。研究表明，与神经正常组相比，自闭症患者在社会认知测试中的表现有所改变，社会认知的改变对自闭症的定义特征有很小但很明显的影响。自闭症中这种改变的本质主要与内隐加工有关。ADHD组表现出中等的社会认知表现，似乎受到执行功能困难的影响。社会认知随着智力和语言能力的变化而变化，自闭症和多动症患者的社会认知似乎随着年龄的增长而提高。自闭症患者的社会技能干预和多动症患者的兴奋剂药物已被证明可以提高社会认知测试的表现，而自闭症患者的心智化训练效果则不那么确凿。该领域的一个局限性是社会认知结构和测试没有很好地描述。此外，大多数研究都采用了本土主义的方法，而不是建构主义的方法。前者因忽视了环境因素而受到质疑，尤其是神经分化个体和神经典型个体之间的相互误解。

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引用次数: 0

Plexins: Navigating through the neural regulation and brain pathology 丛神经：通过神经调节和脑病理导航。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105999

Ariba Khan , Poonam Sharma , Sarthak Dahiya , Bhupesh Sharma

Plexins are a family of transmembrane receptors known for their diverse roles in neural development, axon guidance, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and circuit formation. Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that act as primary ligands for plexin receptors. Semaphorins play a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating processes such as axonal growth, neuronal positioning, and synaptic connectivity. Various types of semaphorins like sema3A, sema4A, sema4C, sema4D, and many more have a crucial role in developing brain diseases. Likewise, various evidence suggests that plexin receptors are of four types: plexin A, plexin B, plexin C, and plexin D. Plexins have emerged as crucial regulators of neurogenesis and neuronal development and connectivity. When bound to semaphorins, these receptors trigger two major networking cascades, namely Rho and Ras GTPase networks. Dysregulation of plexin networking has been implicated in a myriad of brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and many more. This review synthesizes findings from molecular, cellular, and animal model studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which plexins contribute to the pathogenesis of various brain diseases.

丛蛋白是一个跨膜受体家族，在神经发育、轴突引导、神经元迁移、突触发生和电路形成中发挥着不同的作用。信号蛋白是一类分泌蛋白和膜蛋白，作为丛蛋白受体的初级配体。信号蛋白通过调节轴突生长、神经元定位和突触连接等过程在中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育中起着至关重要的作用。各种类型的信号蛋白，如sema3A、sema4A、sema4C、sema4D等，在脑部疾病的发生中起着至关重要的作用。同样，各种证据表明丛蛋白受体有四种类型：丛蛋白A、丛蛋白B、丛蛋白C和丛蛋白d。丛蛋白已成为神经发生、神经元发育和连通性的重要调节因子。当与信号蛋白结合时，这些受体触发两个主要的网络级联反应，即Rho和Ras GTPase网络。神经丛蛋白网络失调与许多脑部疾病有关，包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）等等。本文综合了分子、细胞和动物模型研究的结果，阐明了丛蛋白参与各种脑部疾病发病的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Group-to-individual generalizability and individual-level inferences in cognitive neuroscience

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106024

Matthew Mattoni , Aaron J. Fisher , Kathleen M. Gates , Jason Chein , Thomas M. Olino

Much of cognitive neuroscience research is focused on group-averages and interindividual brain-behavior associations. However, many theories core to the goal of cognitive neuroscience, such as hypothesized neural mechanisms for a behavior, are inherently based on intraindividual processes. To accommodate this mismatch between study design and theory, research frequently relies on an implicit assumption that group-level, between-person inferences extend to individual-level, within-person processes. The assumption of group-to-individual generalizability, formally referred to as ergodicity, requires that a process be both homogenous within a population and stationary within individuals over time. Our goal in this review is to assess this assumption and provide an accessible introduction to idiographic science (study of the individual) for the cognitive neuroscientist, ultimately laying a foundation for increased focus on the study of intraindividual processes. We first review the history of idiographic science in psychology to connect this longstanding literature with recent individual-level research goals in cognitive neuroscience. We then consider two requirements of group-to-individual generalizability, pattern homogeneity and stationarity, and suggest that most processes in cognitive neuroscience do not meet these assumptions. Consequently, interindividual findings are inappropriate for the intraindividual inferences that many theories are based on. To address this challenge, we suggest precision imaging as an ideal path forward for intraindividual study and present a research framework for complementary interindividual and intraindividual study.

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引用次数: 0

Fear and safety learning in anxiety- and stress-related disorders: An updated meta-analysis 焦虑和压力相关障碍的恐惧和安全学习：一项更新的荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105983

Franziska M. Kausche , Hannes P. Carsten , Kim M. Sobania , Anja Riesel

Fear learning processes are believed to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of anxiety and stress-related disorders. To integrate results across different studies, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines to examine differences in fear conditioning during fear acquisition, extinction, and extinction recall between individuals with anxiety-related or stress-related disorders and healthy participants. This analysis updates the work of Duits et al. (2015) while also refining distinctions between physiological and behavioral outcomes and examining extinction recall. Our meta-analysis encompasses 77 studies published from 1986 to 2022, involving 2052 patients with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder, and 3258 healthy controls. The results indicate significant differences in fear acquisition, extinction, and recall between the two groups. Specifically, during acquisition patients exhibited heightened physiological and behavioral responses to the CS- and reported increased affect ratings for the CS+ . During extinction and extinction recall, patients continue to show heightened threat expectancy and negative affect ratings towards the CS- and increased affect ratings towards the CS+ . No differences were found in CS+ /CS- differentiation between groups. These findings imply that individuals with anxiety and stress-related disorders may exhibit amplified responses to safety cues and stronger reactions to threat cues during fear conditioning, lasting through extinction and extinction recall. These changes may lead to increased sensitivity in detecting fear and slower extinction process, resulting in more enduring anxiety responses. We discuss these results in the context of existing literature on fear and safety learning and consider potential underlying mechanisms.

恐惧学习过程被认为在焦虑和压力相关疾病的发展和维持中起着至关重要的作用。为了整合不同研究的结果，我们根据PRISMA指南进行了系统的荟萃分析，以检查焦虑相关或压力相关障碍个体与健康参与者在恐惧习得、消退和消退回忆期间的恐惧条件反射的差异。该分析更新了Duits等人（2015）的工作，同时也细化了生理和行为结果之间的区别，并检查了灭绝回忆。我们的荟萃分析包括从1986年到2022年发表的77项研究，涉及2052名患有焦虑症、强迫症或创伤后应激障碍的患者，以及3258名健康对照。结果表明，两组在恐惧习得、消退和回忆方面存在显著差异。具体来说，在习得过程中，患者对CS-表现出更高的生理和行为反应，并报告了CS+的影响评级增加。在消退和消退回忆过程中，患者继续表现出更高的威胁预期和对CS-的负面影响评分，以及对CS+的负面影响评分。各组间CS+/CS-分化无差异。这些发现表明，焦虑和压力相关障碍的个体在恐惧条件反射过程中可能对安全线索表现出放大的反应，对威胁线索表现出更强的反应，并持续到消退和消退回忆。这些变化可能导致检测恐惧的敏感性增加，消除过程减慢，从而导致更持久的焦虑反应。我们在现有的关于恐惧和安全学习的文献背景下讨论这些结果，并考虑潜在的潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Could sleep be a brain/cognitive/neural reserve-builder factor? A systematic review on the cognitive effects of sleep modulation in animal models 睡眠可能是大脑/认知/神经储备的构建因素吗？睡眠调节对动物认知影响的系统综述。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106015

Francesca Balsamo , Debora Meneo , Erica Berretta , Chiara Baglioni , Francesca Gelfo

The brain/cognitive/neural reserve concept suggests that lifelong experiences, from early life through adulthood, make the brain more resilient to neuronal damage. Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as sleep, can support the development and enhance such a reserve, helping to counteract age- or disease-related brain changes and their impact on cognition. Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive functioning, and disruptions or disorders may increase neurodegenerative risks. This systematic review aims to explore how functional and disturbed sleep impacts cognitive functions and neuromorphological mechanisms in rodents, aiming to better understand its role in brain/cognitive/neural reserve development. This systematic review, registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023423901) and conducted according to PRISMA-P guidelines, searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies up to June 2022, with terms related to sleep, rodents, and cognitive functions. Of the 28,666 articles identified, 142 met the inclusion criteria. Main results showed significant cognitive decline after sleep deprivation, especially in memory performance. These findings supports the importance of sleep as a critical factor in modulating brain/cognitive/neural reserve.

大脑/认知/神经储备概念表明，从早期生活到成年的终身经历，使大脑更能适应神经元损伤。可改变的生活方式因素，如睡眠，可以支持这种储备的发展和增强，有助于抵消与年龄或疾病相关的大脑变化及其对认知的影响。睡眠在认知功能中起着至关重要的作用，睡眠中断或紊乱可能会增加神经退行性疾病的风险。本文旨在探讨功能性睡眠和睡眠障碍如何影响啮齿动物的认知功能和神经形态学机制，以更好地了解其在脑/认知/神经储备发育中的作用。该系统综述在PROSPERO （ID: CRD42023423901）上注册，并根据PRISMA-P指南进行，检索了PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase数据库，检索了截至2022年6月的与睡眠、啮齿动物和认知功能相关的研究。在确定的28,666篇文章中，有142篇符合纳入标准。主要结果显示，睡眠剥夺后认知能力明显下降，尤其是记忆能力下降。这些发现支持了睡眠作为调节大脑/认知/神经储备的关键因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Principles governing the effects of sensory loss on human abilities: An integrative review 控制感觉丧失对人类能力影响的原则：综合综述。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105986

Andrew J. Kolarik , Brian C.J. Moore

Blindness or deafness can significantly influence sensory abilities in intact modalities, affecting communication, orientation and navigation. Explanations for why certain abilities are enhanced and others degraded include: crossmodal cortical reorganization enhances abilities by providing additional neural processing resources; and sensory processing is impaired for tasks where calibration from the normally intact sense is required for good performance. However, these explanations are often specific to tasks or modalities, not accounting for why task-dependent enhancement or degradation are observed. This paper investigates whether sensory systems operate according to a theoretical framework comprising seven general principles (the perceptual restructuring hypothesis) spanning the various modalities. These principles predict whether an ability will be enhanced or degraded following sensory loss. Evidence from a wide range of studies is discussed, to assess the validity of the principles across different combinations of impaired sensory modalities (deafness or blindness) and intact modalities (vision, audition, touch, olfaction). It is concluded that sensory systems do operate broadly according to the principles of the framework, but with some exceptions.

失明或耳聋会严重影响完整形态下的感觉能力，影响沟通、定向和导航。对于为什么某些能力增强而另一些能力退化的解释包括：跨模态皮层重组通过提供额外的神经处理资源来增强能力；在需要从正常完整的感觉中进行校准以获得良好表现的任务中，感觉处理受到损害。然而，这些解释通常是针对任务或模式的，而不是解释为什么会观察到任务相关的增强或退化。本文研究了感觉系统是否根据一个理论框架运作，该框架包括七个一般原则（感知重构假说），跨越各种模式。这些原则预测了一种能力在失去感觉后是会增强还是会退化。本文讨论了来自广泛研究的证据，以评估这些原则在受损感觉模式（耳聋或失明）和完整感觉模式（视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉）的不同组合中的有效性。结论是，感觉系统确实根据框架的原则广泛地运作，但也有一些例外。

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引用次数: 0

From feeling chilly to burning up: How thermal signals shape the physiological state of the body and impact physical, emotional, and social well-being 从感觉寒冷到燃烧：热信号如何塑造身体的生理状态，并影响身体，情感和社会福祉。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105992

Alisha Vabba , Marina Scattolin , Giuseppina Porciello , Maria Serena Panasiti , Salvatore Maria Aglioti

This review examines the role of thermal interoception—awareness of body temperature—in shaping physiological states and its impact on physical, emotional, and social well-being. We describe the neural pathways and mechanisms involved in thermal processing and environmental heat exchange and how thermal interoception influences both autonomic and behavioral responses, contributing to survival and homeostasis. Additionally, the review highlights the significance of thermal signals and thermoregulation in determining higher-order cognitive and emotional functions, such as regulating sleep patterns and activity levels, monitoring physical well-being, regulating emotions, and even social interactions. We describe the existing instruments for assessing body temperature and thermal awareness and call for further research to investigate the role of thermal interoception in emotional and social domains. We also discuss potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the context of psychosomatic and neurological disorders characterized by emotional dysregulation, disrupted sleep and mood patterns, social difficulties, and alterations in self-consciousness.

这篇综述探讨了热内感受（体温感知）在形成生理状态中的作用及其对身体、情绪和社会福祉的影响。我们描述了涉及热处理和环境热交换的神经通路和机制，以及热内感受如何影响自主和行为反应，促进生存和体内平衡。此外，该综述强调了热信号和体温调节在决定高阶认知和情感功能方面的重要性，例如调节睡眠模式和活动水平，监测身体健康，调节情绪，甚至社会互动。我们描述了现有的评估体温和热意识的工具，并呼吁进一步研究热内感受在情绪和社会领域的作用。我们还讨论了潜在的治疗应用，特别是在以情绪失调、睡眠和情绪模式中断、社交困难和自我意识改变为特征的心身和神经疾病的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Relations between psychosis and emotion regulation in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using experience sampling methods 日常生活中精神病与情绪调节的关系：经验抽样研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106004

Catherine Bortolon , Carla Nardelli

Research has shown that heightened emotionality often precedes psychotic experiences. Understanding how individuals cope with these emotions is crucial for psychosis. While prior studies on emotion regulation (ER) and psychosis have mainly relied on self-report questionnaires, recent research has increasingly utilised daily life methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis seek to examine the relationship between daily ER and psychotic experiences. In total, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis (21 in the systematic review). The results of Experience Sampling Methods (ESM) studies indicated that ER strategies of avoidance, reappraisal, repetitive thinking, and emotional suppression are not associated with psychotic experiences in daily life. The effect was not moderated by type of sample (clinical vs non-clinical), symptom (hallucination vs delusions), relation (contemporaneous vs perspective), or other methodological variables. Acceptance was found to be negatively associated with psychotic experiences, but the effect was small. These results indicate that ER in daily life might not impact directly on psychotic experiences. The results are discussed in light of conceptual and methodological limitations in the field.

研究表明，情绪高涨往往先于精神病发作。了解个体如何应对这些情绪对治疗精神病至关重要。以往关于情绪调节（ER）和精神病的研究主要依赖于自我报告问卷，而最近的研究越来越多地利用日常生活方法。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在研究日常急诊和精神病经历之间的关系。总共有15项研究纳入meta分析（21项纳入系统评价）。经验抽样方法（ESM）研究结果表明，逃避、重新评价、重复思考和情绪抑制等内质反应策略与日常生活中的精神病经历无关。该效应不受样本类型（临床vs非临床）、症状（幻觉vs妄想）、关系（同期vs远景）或其他方法学变量的影响。研究发现，接纳与精神病经历呈负相关，但影响很小。这些结果表明，日常生活中的ER可能不会直接影响精神病经历。结果讨论了在概念和方法上的局限性，在该领域。

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引用次数: 0

Behind closed eyes: Understanding nightmares in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder – A systematic review 闭上眼睛后：理解患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童和青少年的噩梦-系统回顾。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106012

Elisa Pellegrini , Serena Scarpelli , Valentina Alfonsi , Maurizio Gorgoni , Mariella Pazzaglia , Luigi De Gennaro

Introduction

Brain and sleep development in childhood shapes emotional and cognitive growth, including the ability to recall dreams. In line with the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, several findings suggest a link between clinical symptoms and nightmare frequency. Sleep disorders and anxiety are among the most frequently co-occurring conditions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, their impact on nightmares has not yet been systematically explored.

This review aims to address this research gap by investigating nightmares in autism and their influence on clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning.

Methods

The literature was searched utilizing the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were assessed for methodological quality.

Results

Twenty-nine papers were reviewed. The prevalence of nightmares occurring very frequently was below 5 %, with no significant difference in nightmare prevalence between children with ASD and their healthy peers. Furthermore, several findings reported a relationship between nightmares and other sleep disturbances among individuals with ASD.

Discussion

The study of dreaming in ASD may provide valuable insights into the disorder. Although comorbid sleep disorders can influence nightmare frequency, the results of this review suggest that nightmares may not represent a distinctive feature of ASD. However, poor communication and introspection skills may explain the difficulties in reporting dream experiences.

Given the preliminary nature of current research on nightmares in ASD, further studies are essential to overcome existing limitations and deepen our understanding.

儿童时期的大脑和睡眠发育决定了情感和认知的发展，包括回忆梦境的能力。与做梦的连续性假说一致，一些研究结果表明临床症状和噩梦频率之间存在联系。在患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的儿童和青少年中，睡眠障碍和焦虑是最常见的共存状况。然而，它们对噩梦的影响还没有被系统地探索过。本综述旨在通过研究自闭症患者的噩梦及其对临床症状和认知功能的影响来弥补这一研究空白。方法：采用PubMed、PsycINFO、Web of Science和Scopus数据库，按照PRISMA （Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta - analysis）指南进行文献检索。对纳入的研究进行方法学质量评估。结果：共审阅论文29篇。经常发生噩梦的患病率低于5% %，自闭症儿童和健康同龄人之间的噩梦患病率无显著差异。此外，一些研究结果报告了自闭症患者的噩梦和其他睡眠障碍之间的关系。讨论：对ASD患者做梦的研究可能为了解这种疾病提供有价值的见解。虽然共病性睡眠障碍会影响噩梦的频率，但本综述的结果表明，噩梦可能并不代表自闭症谱系障碍的一个显著特征。然而，糟糕的沟通和自省能力可能解释了报告梦境经历的困难。鉴于目前对ASD噩梦研究的初步性质，进一步的研究是必要的，以克服现有的局限性，加深我们的理解。

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引用次数: 0

The ecology of poverty and children’s brain development: A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of brain imaging studies 贫困生态与儿童脑发育：脑成像研究的系统回顾和定量荟萃分析。

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105970

Shaojie Qiu , Chenyi Zuo , Ye Zhang , Yiyi Deng , Jiatian Zhang , Silin Huang

A growing number of studies have demonstrated associations between poverty and brain structure and function. However, the strength of this association and the effects of poverty level (e.g., family or neighborhood poverty), age and sex on the association are strikingly inconsistent across studies. We aimed to synthesize findings on gray matter volume and task-based brain activation associated with poverty in youth samples and disentangle the effects of poverty level, age, and sex. In general, poverty was associated with alterations in volume and activation in the frontal, temporal, and subcortical regions. Among 14,188 participants and 14,057 participants, poverty was associated with smaller gray matter volumes in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively. Moderator testing revealed that family poverty had a stronger association than neighborhood poverty and that poverty was related to slower development of amygdala volume. Among 2696 participants, convergent functional alterations associated with poverty were observed in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left middle frontal gyrus across all task domains, with the percentage of girls positively associated with increased activation in the precuneus. Subgroup analyses revealed that greater poverty was associated with deactivation in the left MTG for top-down control and hyperactivity in the right superior temporal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left insula, cerebellum/left fusiform gyrus, and left amygdala/hippocampus for bottom-up processing. These findings provide insights into the neuroscience of poverty, suggesting implications for targeted interventions to support the cognitive and mental health of children living in poverty.

越来越多的研究表明，贫穷与大脑结构和功能之间存在关联。然而，这种关联的强度以及贫困水平（例如，家庭或社区贫困）、年龄和性别对这种关联的影响在各研究中明显不一致。我们的目的是综合青年样本中与贫困相关的灰质体积和基于任务的大脑激活的研究结果，并理清贫困水平、年龄和性别的影响。总的来说，贫穷与额叶、颞叶和皮层下区域的体积变化和激活有关。在14,188名参与者和14,057名参与者中，贫穷分别与杏仁核和海马体中较小的灰质体积有关。调节测试显示，家庭贫困比社区贫困有更强的关联，贫困与杏仁核体积发育较慢有关。在2696名参与者中，在所有任务域的左颞中回（MTG）和左额中回中，观察到与贫困相关的收敛性功能改变，女孩的百分比与楔前叶激活增加呈正相关。亚组分析显示，贫困程度越高，负责自上而下控制的左侧颞叶颞回失活，以及负责自下而上处理的右侧颞上回、左侧额上回、左侧脑岛、小脑/左侧梭状回和左侧杏仁核/海马体的过度活跃。这些发现为贫困的神经科学提供了见解，为有针对性的干预措施提供了启示，以支持生活在贫困中的儿童的认知和心理健康。

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引用次数: 0