Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews最新文献_第10页

Pharmacological and dietary treatments for developmental stuttering: A systematic review 发育性口吃的药物和饮食治疗：系统综述。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106427

Sarah E. Horton , Elana J. Forbes , Ingrid E. Scheffer , Sheena Reilly , Daisy A. Shepherd , Angela T. Morgan

Introduction

Pharmacological and dietary treatments are increasingly investigated as alternatives or adjuncts to behavioural therapy for developmental stuttering. However, their relative efficacy, acceptability, tolerability and safety remain unclear. This systematic review evaluated the evidence for these treatments.

Methods

We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and other databases from inception to June 2024 for studies examining pharmacological or dietary treatments for developmental stuttering. We did not limit studies by design. Primary outcomes included clinician-rated and self-reported measures of stuttering severity and frequency. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB 2) for randomised trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies.

Results

Thirty-nine studies examining 17 drug classes and 4 dietary treatments were included. Most studies (87 %) focused on adolescents/adults with persistent stuttering. Only 7 of 19 randomised controlled trials were rated as low/some risk of bias. Newer antipsychotics showed promising results with better tolerability than conventional antipsychotics. Atomoxetine combined with speech therapy showed greater stuttering reduction compared to speech therapy alone in children. Dietary treatments (copper, thiamine, green tea, Ayurvedic supplements) had insufficient evidence. Side effects varied widely, from minimal to severe enough to cause withdrawal, particularly with conventional antipsychotics.

Discussion

Despite some promising findings, particularly for newer antipsychotics and atomoxetine, methodological limitations prevent definitive treatment recommendations. Key issues included lack of randomised placebo-controlled trials, inconsistent outcome measures, and small sample sizes. Future research requires larger trials with standardised protocols to evaluate treatment efficacy while accounting for individual variability in response and potential adverse effects.

导言：药物和饮食治疗作为行为治疗的替代或辅助手段越来越受到研究。然而，它们的相对疗效、可接受性、耐受性和安全性仍不清楚。本系统综述评估了这些治疗的证据。方法：我们检索了CENTRAL、MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane等数据库，从成立到2024年6月，检索了有关发育性口吃的药物或饮食治疗的研究。我们没有设计限制研究。主要结果包括临床评定和自我报告的口吃严重程度和频率。随机试验使用Cochrane风险偏倚工具（RoB 2），非随机研究使用ROBINS-I评估偏倚风险。结果：纳入了39项研究，涉及17种药物类别和4种饮食治疗。大多数研究（87%）关注持续性口吃的青少年/成人。19个随机对照试验中只有7个被评为低/部分偏倚风险。新型抗精神病药物的耐受性优于传统抗精神病药物，显示出良好的效果。在儿童中，托莫西汀联合言语治疗比单独言语治疗更能减少口吃。饮食治疗（铜、硫胺素、绿茶、阿育吠陀补充剂）证据不足。副作用差异很大，从最小到严重到足以导致戒断，特别是传统的抗精神病药物。讨论：尽管有一些有希望的发现，特别是对于较新的抗精神病药物和阿托西汀，方法上的限制阻止了明确的治疗建议。关键问题包括缺乏随机安慰剂对照试验，结果测量不一致，样本量小。未来的研究需要更大规模的试验和标准化的方案来评估治疗效果，同时考虑到反应和潜在不良反应的个体差异。

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引用次数: 0

Critical biological systems linking early-life stress to later-life outcomes: A systematic review of animal models. 将早期生活压力与后期生活结果联系起来的关键生物系统：对动物模型的系统回顾。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106425

Cathinka C. Jorgensen , Christa Thöne-Reineke , Liza R. Moscovice , Ulrike Gimsa

Adverse and stressful early life events can impact on later-life cognitive, physiological and neurological outcomes, but direct mechanisms through which these so-called “programming effects” occur are still under investigation. In this review, we systematically examine early-life stress (ELS) paradigms in non-human animals, focusing on three key biological systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune system and oxytocinergic system. We developed a ranking system to assess and compare stress severity across different ELS paradigms. We also consider how different theoretical frameworks influence the interpretation of ELS outcomes, from primarily adaptive to pathological. Effects of chronic ELS on peripheral measures of HPA- and oxytocinergic system function were variable, but centrally, ELS more consistently triggered region-specific alterations in mRNA expression, including increased hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA and decreased oxytocin (OXT) mRNA in the amygdala. Altered gene expression in amygdala was linked to later-life behavioral alterations. Central markers of immune function were consistently altered following ELS, including higher microglia or astrocyte densities or ameboid microglial morphology. These changes are likely mechanisms linking ELS to cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms, which were consistently found across studies assessing behavior. Other behaviors, including anxiety and risk-taking, were less consistently altered by ELS. Increasing stress severity scores of ELS paradigms predicted the likelihood of long-term alterations in key biological systems, emphasizing the importance of greater standardization of ELS paradigms to increase comparability across studies. Interventions that provided social support during ELS, or increased post-ELS maternal care showed promise for promoting resilience, and deserve more attention in future studies.

不良和紧张的早期生活事件会影响晚年的认知、生理和神经结果，但这些所谓的“编程效应”发生的直接机制仍在研究中。在这篇综述中，我们系统地研究了非人类动物的早期生活应激（ELS）范式，重点关注三个关键的生物系统：下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴、免疫系统和催产素系统。我们开发了一个排名系统来评估和比较不同ELS范式的压力严重程度。我们还考虑了不同的理论框架如何影响ELS结果的解释，从主要的适应性到病理性。慢性ELS对HPA-和催产素（OXT）系统功能外周测量的影响是可变的，但主要的是，ELS更一致地触发了mRNA表达的区域特异性改变，包括下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH） mRNA的增加和杏仁核中OXT mRNA的减少。杏仁核基因表达的改变与晚年行为的改变有关。免疫功能的中心标志物在ELS后持续改变，包括更高的小胶质细胞或星形胶质细胞密度或变形虫小胶质细胞形态。这些变化可能是将ELS与认知缺陷和抑郁症状联系起来的机制，这在评估行为的研究中一直被发现。其他行为，包括焦虑和冒险，被ELS改变的不太一致。增加ELS范式的应激严重程度分数预测了关键生物系统长期改变的可能性，强调了ELS范式更大标准化以增加研究间可比性的重要性。在ELS期间提供社会支持的干预措施，或增加ELS后的孕产妇护理，显示出提高弹性的希望，值得在未来的研究中更多关注。

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引用次数: 0

Contextual modulation of endogenous oxytocin signaling and its influence on exogenous oxytocin effects: A conceptual framework 内源性催产素信号的环境调节及其对外源性催产素效应的影响：一个概念框架。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106424

Kaat Alaerts , Eimi Van Weert , Lotte Theunissen , Elise Tuerlinckx , Katleen Van der Gucht

引用次数: 0

Relationships between adverse childhood experiences, oxidative stress, and development of mental disorders: A systematic review of animal and human studies 不良童年经历、氧化应激和精神障碍发展之间的关系：动物和人类研究的系统回顾。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106393

Antoine Stocker , Basilio Giangreco , Alexis Revet , Luis Alameda , Eric Bui , David Bürgin , Vera Clemens , Samuele Cortese , Daniel S. Schechter , Marc Schmid , Pascal Steullet , Daniella Dwir , Paul Klauser

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are common risk factors for many psychiatric disorders. Their underlying biological mechanisms may involve oxidative stress (OS), which has deleterious effects on cells through its own actions and through its interactions with inflammation and the stress axes, particularly in the brain. In order to assess the role of OS in the association between ACE and psychopathology, we performed a systematic review of animal and human research (PROSPERO CRD42023378418 and CRD42022378376), funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 204033). PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Scopus and Embase were searched from inception until 31 October 2024. We included 130 studies involving animal models exposed to stressor-paradigms recognized as ACE analogs before they reached adulthood, or human participants with a history of ACE and assessment of psychopathology, and reporting outcomes on OS-related markers. Animal studies overall show increased OS and psychopathology after stress, thus supporting the hypothesis that OS mediates the relationship between ACE and psychopathology. Human studies are heterogeneous and less conclusive. Although the association between ACE exposure and OS, in animals and humans, was likely affected by the nature, the timing, and the intensity of the exposure, these parameters were only evaluated in a small fraction of studies. Similarly, though some studies hinted at sex differences in the OS response to ACE in animals, the majority of studies did not address this issue. Further research, using longitudinal designs and more thorough examination of ACE history in participants, is therefore needed.

不良童年经历（ACE）是许多精神疾病的常见危险因素。其潜在的生物学机制可能与氧化应激（OS）有关，氧化应激通过自身的作用以及与炎症和应激轴的相互作用对细胞产生有害影响，特别是在大脑中。为了评估OS在ACE和精神病理之间的关联中的作用，我们进行了一项由瑞士国家科学基金会（批准号204033）资助的动物和人类研究的系统综述（PROSPERO CRD42023378418和CRD42022378376）。PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo， Scopus和Embase从建站到2024年10月31日进行了检索。我们纳入了130项研究，包括在成年前暴露于被认为是ACE类似物的应激源范式的动物模型，或有ACE病史和精神病理学评估的人类参与者，并报告了os相关标志物的结果。动物研究总体上显示应激后OS和精神病理增加，从而支持OS介导ACE和精神病理之间关系的假设。人体研究是异质的，也不那么有定论。尽管在动物和人类中，ACE暴露与OS之间的关系可能受到暴露的性质、时间和强度的影响，但这些参数仅在一小部分研究中进行了评估。同样，尽管一些研究暗示动物对ACE的OS反应存在性别差异，但大多数研究并未解决这一问题。因此，需要进一步的研究，使用纵向设计和更彻底的检查参与者的ACE历史。

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引用次数: 0

The level of evidence using sleep as a biomarker to distinguish between bipolar and unipolar is still small 将睡眠作为区分双相情感障碍和单极情感障碍的生物标志物的证据水平仍然很小。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106423

Emilly Sampaio de Lima , Caio Lucca Oliveira Leite , Fabio Gomes de Matos e Souza , Luísa Weber Bisol

引用次数: 0

The allostatic triage model of psychopathology (ATP Model): How reallocation of brain energetic resources under stress elicits psychiatric symptoms 精神病理学的适应性分诊模型（ATP模型）：压力下大脑能量资源的重新分配如何引发精神症状。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106419

D. Parker Kelley , S. Parker Singleton , Katy Venable , Gabriel Strum , Anna Skovgaard , Joseph Francis , Thomas C. Neylan , Ellen R. Bradley , Joshua Woolley , Martin Picard , Aoife O’Donovan

Psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders are highly comorbid, and are precipitated by psychological stress. To explain why these conditions co-occur and how stress triggers their pathogenesis, we introduce the Allostatic Triage Model of Psychopathology (ATP Model) that explains psychopathogenesis, and these bidirectional associations through a bioenergetic lens. Stress increases the energy demand on biological systems, which operate on a finite energy budget, increasing the risk of energy scarcity, especially in the brain, which faces high energy needs and limited access to energetic resources. Allostatic processes anticipate stress-induced increases in energy demand and regulate systemic and brain energy allocation from mind-to-mitochondria, a process that we call “allostatic triage”. The brain allostatic-interoceptive system generates internal models of systemic and brain metabolism and energy output that are used to produce affective states, which regulate allostasis. In turn, we propose that affect regulates allostatic triage among functional brain networks. Chronic and traumatic stress dysregulates the mitochondrial and brain networks that regulate affect by reducing metabolic efficiency. We propose that stress-induced energy scarcity and affective dysregulation exacerbates allostatic triage to the networks most necessary for short-term survival, at the expense of non-vital processes contributing to long-term optimization and well-being, dysregulating allostasis and driving transdiagnostic disease pathogenesis. Persistent network activation patterns underlying psychiatric symptoms can then become entrenched as psychiatric disorders through activity-dependent neuroplasticity, also known as canalization. Altogether, we propose that stress dysregulates mitochondria, affect, and allostatic triage, impairing allostasis, and driving transdiagnostic pathological states, which are canalized over time into transdiagnostic disease.

精神疾病、心脏代谢疾病和免疫疾病是高度合并症，并由心理压力诱发。为了解释为什么这些情况会同时发生，以及应激如何触发它们的发病机制，我们介绍了精神病理学的适应负荷分类模型（ATP模型），该模型通过生物能量透镜解释了精神病理学的发生，以及这些双向关联。压力增加了生物系统的能量需求，而生物系统的能量预算是有限的，增加了能源短缺的风险，特别是在大脑中，它面临着高能量需求和有限的能量资源。适应过程预测压力引起的能量需求增加，并调节从大脑到线粒体的系统和大脑能量分配，我们称之为“适应分流”。大脑内感受系统产生系统和大脑代谢和能量输出的内部模型，这些模型用于产生调节适应的情感状态。反过来，我们提出影响调节功能脑网络之间的适应性分类。慢性和创伤性应激通过降低代谢效率来调节线粒体和大脑网络的失调。我们提出，压力引起的能量短缺和情感失调加剧了对短期生存最必要的网络的适应性分类，牺牲了有助于长期优化和健康的非重要过程，失调的适应性和驱动跨诊断疾病的发病机制。通过活动依赖的神经可塑性（也称为神经管化），潜在精神症状的持续网络激活模式可以被确立为精神疾病。总之，我们认为应激失调了线粒体，影响了适应区分诊，损害了适应区分诊，并驱动了经诊断的病理状态，这些病理状态随着时间的推移被转化为经诊断的疾病。

{"title":"The allostatic triage model of psychopathology (ATP Model): How reallocation of brain energetic resources under stress elicits psychiatric symptoms","authors":"D. Parker Kelley , S. Parker Singleton , Katy Venable , Gabriel Strum , Anna Skovgaard , Joseph Francis , Thomas C. Neylan , Ellen R. Bradley , Joshua Woolley , Martin Picard , Aoife O’Donovan","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders are highly comorbid, and are precipitated by psychological stress. To explain why these conditions co-occur and how stress triggers their pathogenesis, we introduce the Allostatic Triage Model of Psychopathology (ATP Model) that explains psychopathogenesis, and these bidirectional associations through a bioenergetic lens. Stress increases the energy demand on biological systems, which operate on a finite energy budget, increasing the risk of energy scarcity, especially in the brain, which faces high energy needs and limited access to energetic resources. Allostatic processes anticipate stress-induced increases in energy demand and regulate systemic and brain energy allocation from mind-to-mitochondria, a process that we call “allostatic triage”. The brain allostatic-interoceptive system generates internal models of systemic and brain metabolism and energy output that are used to produce affective states, which regulate allostasis. In turn, we propose that affect regulates allostatic triage among functional brain networks. Chronic and traumatic stress dysregulates the mitochondrial and brain networks that regulate affect by reducing metabolic efficiency. We propose that stress-induced energy scarcity and affective dysregulation exacerbates allostatic triage to the networks most necessary for short-term survival, at the expense of non-vital processes contributing to long-term optimization and well-being, dysregulating allostasis and driving transdiagnostic disease pathogenesis. Persistent network activation patterns underlying psychiatric symptoms can then become entrenched as psychiatric disorders through activity-dependent neuroplasticity, also known as canalization. Altogether, we propose that stress dysregulates mitochondria, affect, and allostatic triage, impairing allostasis, and driving transdiagnostic pathological states, which are canalized over time into transdiagnostic disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are conventional antidepressants enough? The gut microbiome and nanocarrier-based delivery systems as future prospects for depression treatment 传统的抗抑郁药够了吗？肠道微生物组和基于纳米载体的递送系统作为抑郁症治疗的未来前景。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106421

Isis Gastaldo-Jordán , Claudia Villalba-Pita , José Martínez-Raga , Yolanda Sanz , Eva M. Medina-Rodríguez

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and thus a major contributor to the economic burden of disease. In addition to genetic and epigenetic factors, sustained psychological stress linked to modern lifestyles (often characterized by high social expectations, elevated workload and increasing financial needs) may trigger psychiatric diseases such as depression. The effective treatment of this psychiatric condition represents one of the major challenges of our time, due to its skyrocketing increase in prevalence. While conventional antidepressants often provide low response rates and have frequent adverse effects, emerging research is revealing novel and more efficient therapeutic approaches. Notably, the bacteria that populates our intestinal tract, also known as the gut microbiota, is highly susceptible to stress and other factors associated with depression. Therefore, gut microbiota-targeting interventions based on lifestyle modifications or direct supplementation with biotherapeutic agents are being proposed as monotherapy or as adjuvants to conventional treatments. In addition, novel delivery systems, such as nanocarriers, for current antidepressants are being explored to improve drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and its link with current antidepressant treatments. Furthermore, it explores how strategies like nanoparticle-based delivery systems are paving the way for the next generation of treatments.

抑郁症是全世界致残的主要原因，因此也是造成疾病经济负担的主要因素。除了遗传和表观遗传因素外，与现代生活方式（通常以高社会期望、工作量增加和经济需求增加为特征）相关的持续心理压力也可能引发抑郁症等精神疾病。这种精神疾病的有效治疗是我们这个时代的主要挑战之一，因为它的患病率急剧上升。虽然传统的抗抑郁药往往提供低反应率和频繁的不良反应，新兴的研究正在揭示新的和更有效的治疗方法。值得注意的是，我们肠道里的细菌，也被称为肠道微生物群，对压力和其他与抑郁相关的因素非常敏感。因此，基于生活方式改变或直接补充生物治疗剂的肠道微生物群靶向干预被提议作为常规治疗的单药治疗或辅助治疗。此外，目前正在探索用于抗抑郁药的新型递送系统，如纳米载体，以提高药物的生物利用度和治疗效率。本文综述了肠道微生物群在抑郁症发病机制中的作用及其与当前抗抑郁药物治疗的联系。此外，它还探讨了诸如基于纳米粒子的输送系统之类的策略如何为下一代治疗铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the neural correlates of bodily self-consciousness 身体自我意识神经相关的系统回顾与元分析。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106420

Nicola Brunello , Lorenzo Diana , Jothini Sritharan , Marija Glisic , Tobias Nef , Rajeev K. Verma , Giuseppe A. Zito

The sense of one's own body, also referred to as bodily self-consciousness (BSC), is an important aspect of self-consciousness, that allows us to experience our body as our own. Previous research has identified the distinct components of BSC (i.e., body ownership, sense of agency, and self-location), and investigated their neural correlates separately. However, a consensus on the brain regions involved in BSC has not been found, and whether the experience of BSC goes beyond the sum of its components is still unknown. This study aims to identify the neural correlates of the components of manipulated BSC, as well as their shared patterns of activation. We conducted a meta-analysis employing multi-level kernel density analysis on 56 neuroimaging studies investigating manipulated BSC (primarily body ownership and sense of agency) in healthy individuals, to determine their neural correlates individually, as well as shared activations across them. Our analyses revealed activations in left premotor, bilateral posterior parietal, and left occipital cortices for altered body ownership, whereas altered sense of agency engaged the right temporoparietal junction, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, right frontal gyri, left postcentral gyrus, and left insula. The conjunction analysis revealed activations around the bilateral posterior parietal cortex, precentral gyrus, and temporo-occipito-parietal junction. These results support the presence of an interactive relationship between the components of manipulated BSC, tapping into the domain of self-recognition and detection of discrepancies across sensory inputs. Our findings point to a critical role of multisensory integration and self-attribution processes to the experience of manipulated BSC.

对自己身体的感觉，也被称为身体自我意识（BSC），是自我意识的一个重要方面，它使我们能够体验到我们自己的身体。先前的研究已经确定了平衡记分卡的不同组成部分（即身体所有权、代理感和自我定位），并分别研究了它们的神经相关性。然而，关于平衡计分卡涉及的大脑区域尚未达成共识，并且平衡计分卡的体验是否超出其组成部分的总和仍然未知。本研究旨在确定操纵BSC成分的神经相关性，以及它们共同的激活模式。我们对56项调查健康个体被操纵的平衡记分卡（主要是身体所有权和代理感）的神经影像学研究进行了多层次核密度分析，以确定他们各自的神经相关性，以及他们之间的共同激活。我们的分析显示，左侧运动前皮层、双侧后顶叶皮层和左侧枕叶皮层的激活导致身体所有权的改变，而代理感的改变涉及右侧颞顶叶连接、双侧下顶叶小叶、右侧额回、左侧中央后回和左侧脑岛。连接分析显示双侧后顶叶皮层、中央前回和颞枕顶叶交界处周围有激活。这些结果支持被操纵的平衡记分卡组成部分之间存在交互关系，进入自我识别和检测感官输入差异的领域。我们的研究结果指出，多感觉整合和自我归因过程在操纵平衡记分卡的体验中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A bias-accounting meta-analytic approach refines and expands the cerebellar behavioral topography 偏见会计元分析方法细化和扩展，小脑行为地形。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106418

Neville Magielse , Aikaterina Manoli , Simon B. Eickhoff , Peter T. Fox , Amin Saberi , Sofie L. Valk

The cerebellum plays important roles in motor, cognitive, and emotional behaviors. Previous cerebellar coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMAs) have complemented precision-mapping and parcellation approaches by finding generalizable cerebellar activations across the largest possible set of behaviors. However, cerebellar CBMAs face challenges due to inherent methodological limitations, exacerbated by historical cerebellar neglect in neuroimaging studies. Here, we show overrepresentation of superior activations, rendering the null hypothesis of standard activation likelihood estimation (ALE) unsuitable. Our new method, cerebellum-specific ALE (C-SALE), finds behavioral convergence beyond baseline activation rates. It does this by testing experimental activations versus null models sampled from a data-driven probability distribution of finding activations at any cerebellar location. Task-specific mappings in the BrainMap meta-analytic database illustrated improved specificity of the new method. Multiple (sub)domains reached convergence in specific cerebellar subregions, supporting dual motor representations and placing cognition in posterior-lateral regions. We show our method and findings are replicable using the NeuroSynth database. Across both databases, 54/138 task domains or behavioral terms, including sustained attention, somesthesis, inference, anticipation and rhythm, reached convergence in specific cerebellar subgregions. Our meta-analyic maps largely corresponded with cerebellar atlases but also showed many complementary mappings. Repeated subsampling analysis showed that motor behaviors, and to a lesser extent language and working memory, mapped to especially consistent cerebellar subregions. Lastly, we found that cerebellar clusters were parts of brain-wide coactivation networks with cortical and subcortical regions implied in these behaviors. Together, our method further complements and expands understanding of cerebellar involvement in human behavior, highlighting regions for future investigation in both basic and clinical applications.

小脑在运动、认知和情绪行为中起着重要作用。先前的基于小脑坐标的荟萃分析（cbma）通过在最大可能的行为集合中发现可概括的小脑激活，补充了精确映射和分割方法。然而，由于固有的方法局限性，小脑cbma面临挑战，而历史上小脑在神经影像学上的忽视加剧了这一局限性。在这里，我们展示了优越激活的过度表征，使得标准激活似然估计（ALE）的零假设不合适。我们的新方法，小脑特异性ALE (C-SALE)，发现行为趋同超过基线激活率。它通过测试实验激活与从数据驱动的概率分布中采样的零模型来实现这一点，这些模型可以在任何小脑位置找到激活。BrainMap元分析数据库中的任务特定映射说明了新方法的改进特异性。多个（子）区域在特定的小脑亚区收敛，支持双重运动表征，并将认知置于后外侧区域。我们证明我们的方法和发现是可复制的使用神经合成数据库。在这两个数据库中，138个任务域或行为术语中有54个在特定的小脑亚区趋同，包括持续注意、某些知觉、推理、预期和节奏。我们的meta分析图谱与小脑图谱基本一致，但也显示了许多互补的图谱。重复的亚采样分析表明，运动行为，以及较小程度上的语言和工作记忆，映射到特别一致的小脑亚区。最后，我们发现小脑簇是全脑协同激活网络的一部分，在这些行为中暗示着皮层和皮层下区域。总之，我们的方法进一步补充和扩展了对小脑参与人类行为的理解，突出了未来在基础和临床应用中的研究区域。

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引用次数: 0

The cognitive neuroscience of memory representations 记忆表征的认知神经科学。

IF 7.9 1区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106417

Michael D. Rugg , Louis Renoult

The present paper considers the cognitive neuroscience of memory from a representational perspective with the aim of shedding light on current empirical and theoretical issues. We focus on episodic memory, differentiating active versus latent, and cognitive versus neural memory representations. We adopt a causal perspective, according to which a memory representation must have a causal connection to a past event to count as a memory. We note that retrieved episodic information may nonetheless only partially determine the content of an active memory representation, which can comprise a combination of the retrieved information with semantic, schematic and situational information. We further note that, especially in the case of memories for temporally remote events, re-encoding operations likely lead to a causal chain that extends from the original experience of the event to its currently accessible memory trace. We discuss how the reinstatement framework provides a mechanistic basis for the causal linkage between an experience, the memory trace encoding it, and the episodic memory of the experience, highlighting the crucial role of hippocampal engrams in encoding patterns of neocortical activity that, when active, constitute the neural representation of an episodic memory. Finally, we discuss some of the ways in which a memory can become modified and hence distanced from the episode that precipitated it.

本文从表征的角度考虑记忆的认知神经科学，目的是阐明当前的经验和理论问题。我们专注于情景记忆，区分活动与潜在，认知与神经记忆表征。我们采用因果观点，根据这种观点，记忆表征必须与过去的事件有因果联系才能算作记忆。我们注意到，尽管如此，检索到的情景信息可能只是部分地决定了主动记忆表征的内容，而主动记忆表征可以由检索到的信息与语义、图式和情景信息的组合组成。我们进一步注意到，特别是在暂时远程事件的记忆中，重新编码操作可能会导致从事件的原始经验延伸到当前可访问的记忆痕迹的因果链。我们讨论了恢复框架如何为经验、编码记忆痕迹和情景记忆之间的因果联系提供机制基础，强调了海马体印痕在新皮层活动编码模式中的关键作用，当活动时，新皮层活动构成情景记忆的神经表征。最后，我们讨论了一些方式，其中记忆可以被修改，从而远离沉淀它的事件。

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引用次数: 0