Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.020
G. López-Angulo, J. Montes-Ávila, S. Díaz-Camacho, R. Vega-Aviña, J. López-Valenzuela, F. Delgado-Vargas
Echeveria species (Crassulaceae) are used in traditional medicine and some of their biological activities are demonstrated (e.g. antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer). However, their chemical composition has been scarcely studied. The methanol extracts (ME) of three Echeveria species (E. craigiana, E. kimnachii and E. subrigida) from Mexico were analyzed for the sterol (GC-MS) and phenolic (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn) composition. Eleven sterols were identified, E. kimnachii showed the highest total content (7.87 mg/g ME), and the main constituents were γ-sitosterol in E. craigiana (33.9%) and E. subrigida (54.4%), and lupenone in E. kimnachii (28.9%). The phenolic analysis showed differences among the Echeveria species, which contained flavonoids derivatives and tannins as the main components. The main flavonoids in E. craigiana were hexoside derivatives of quercetin and isorhamnetin, both with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl substituent; in E. subrigida hexosides of isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol; and E. kimnachii showed the greatest diversity including proanthocyanidins and less common flavonoid derivatives of kaempferol O,O-disubstituted by acyl derivatives. The characteristic phytochemicals of each studied Echeveria species could be responsible of its specific biological activities and useful as chemotaxonomic markers. The kaempferol derivatives in E. kimnachii are rare in nature and they will be isolated and characterized.
蜈蚣草属(天竺葵科)被用于传统医学，其一些生物活性已被证实(如抗菌、抗炎、抗癌)。然而，它们的化学成分却很少被研究。对产自墨西哥的三种Echeveria (E. craigiana、E. kimnachii和E. subbrigida)甲醇提取物的甾醇(GC-MS)和酚类(HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn)成分进行了分析。共鉴定出11种甾醇类化合物，其中金麻麻总含量最高(7.87 mg/g ME)，主要成分为金麻麻中γ-谷甾醇(33.9%)和紫麻中γ-谷甾醇(54.4%)和金麻中豆酮(28.9%)。酚类分析结果表明，不同种类的莲属植物均以类黄酮衍生物和单宁为主要成分。黄酮主要为槲皮素和异鼠李素的己糖衍生物，均具有3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰取代基;异鼠李素、槲皮素和山奈酚六外苷;kimnachii的多样性最大，包括原花青素和较少常见的山奈酚O,O-二取代的类黄酮衍生物。所研究的棘刺属植物的特征化学物质可能与其特定的生物活性有关，并可作为化学分类标记。山奈酚衍生物在自然界中是罕见的，它们将被分离和鉴定。
{"title":"Comparison of terpene and phenolic profiles of three wild species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)","authors":"G. López-Angulo, J. Montes-Ávila, S. Díaz-Camacho, R. Vega-Aviña, J. López-Valenzuela, F. Delgado-Vargas","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.020","url":null,"abstract":"Echeveria species (Crassulaceae) are used in traditional medicine and some of their biological activities are demonstrated (e.g. antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer). However, their chemical composition has been scarcely studied. The methanol extracts (ME) of three Echeveria species (E. craigiana, E. kimnachii and E. subrigida) from Mexico were analyzed for the sterol (GC-MS) and phenolic (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn) composition. Eleven sterols were identified, E. kimnachii showed the highest total content (7.87 mg/g ME), and the main constituents were γ-sitosterol in E. craigiana (33.9%) and E. subrigida (54.4%), and lupenone in E. kimnachii (28.9%). The phenolic analysis showed differences among the Echeveria species, which contained flavonoids derivatives and tannins as the main components. The main flavonoids in E. craigiana were hexoside derivatives of quercetin and isorhamnetin, both with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl substituent; in E. subrigida hexosides of isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol; and E. kimnachii showed the greatest diversity including proanthocyanidins and less common flavonoid derivatives of kaempferol O,O-disubstituted by acyl derivatives. The characteristic phytochemicals of each studied Echeveria species could be responsible of its specific biological activities and useful as chemotaxonomic markers. The kaempferol derivatives in E. kimnachii are rare in nature and they will be isolated and characterized.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.041
Willian Alfredo Narváez-Ortiz, M. Martínez-Hernández, Laura Olivia Fuentes-Lara, A. Benavides-Mendoza, Jesús Rodolfo Valenzuela-García, J. A. González-Fuentes
The application of selenium (Se) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) at 0, 2, and 4 mg L-1 concentrations in nutrient solution to strawberry plants was evaluated. Selenium did not modify the dry weights of the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, or the fresh weights of the stems and fruits. The 4 mg L-1 concentration caused decreases in the fresh weights of the roots and leaves and in the yield. The mineral content of different plant organs changed but was not adversely affected by Se applications, with the 2 mg L-1 treatment having a lower impact on mineral concentration variation, as well as temporary positive effects on the fruits’ antioxidant status. The fruit pH was not adversely affected by application of Se. Se application in nutrient solution proved to be an adequate technique to increase the Se content in all plant organs. Se concentration exhibited a differential distribution, with the highest levels in the roots, followed by the leaves and crowns; the fruits had the lowest levels, reaching an average concentration of 31.2 mg kg-1 of dry weight. By contrast, fruits from the untreated plants obtained an average concentration of only 6.35 mg kg-1, with no decreases in the concentrations of other mineral elements in treated plants.
{"title":"Effect of selenium application on mineral macro- and micronutrients and antioxidant status in strawberries","authors":"Willian Alfredo Narváez-Ortiz, M. Martínez-Hernández, Laura Olivia Fuentes-Lara, A. Benavides-Mendoza, Jesús Rodolfo Valenzuela-García, J. A. González-Fuentes","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.041","url":null,"abstract":"The application of selenium (Se) as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) at 0, 2, and 4 mg L-1 concentrations in nutrient solution to strawberry plants was evaluated. Selenium did not modify the dry weights of the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, or the fresh weights of the stems and fruits. The 4 mg L-1 concentration caused decreases in the fresh weights of the roots and leaves and in the yield. The mineral content of different plant organs changed but was not adversely affected by Se applications, with the 2 mg L-1 treatment having a lower impact on mineral concentration variation, as well as temporary positive effects on the fruits’ antioxidant status. The fruit pH was not adversely affected by application of Se. Se application in nutrient solution proved to be an adequate technique to increase the Se content in all plant organs. Se concentration exhibited a differential distribution, with the highest levels in the roots, followed by the leaves and crowns; the fruits had the lowest levels, reaching an average concentration of 31.2 mg kg-1 of dry weight. By contrast, fruits from the untreated plants obtained an average concentration of only 6.35 mg kg-1, with no decreases in the concentrations of other mineral elements in treated plants.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.024
Kamila Pachnowska, I. Ochmian
The aim of this study was to evaluate nutrient contents and heavy metals of the leaves and berries of vine cultivar ‘Regent’ grafted on different rootstocks (‘Couderc 161-49’, ‘Sori’, ‘Kober 125AA’, ‘Borner’ and ‘Kober 5BB’) in comparison to control (‘Regent’ root; own-rooted vines). Leaf and berry samples were collected in three consecutive years (2013-2015) at the research station of West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin in Poland. In the experiment, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P and Zn were analysed among mineral nutrients, whereas Cd and Pb were analysed among heavy metals. A substantial influence of tested rootstocks on analysed element contents in leaves and berries has been proven. All tested rootstocks enabled a higher concentration of Ca and Mg in leaves in comparison to ‘Regent’ root. The greatest concentrations of Ca, K and N were found in leaves and berries under ‘Sori’ rootstock. As the only rootstock, ‘Couderc 161-49’ was characterised by a higher level of iron in samples in relation to own-rooted vines. The ‘Borner’ rootstock was the most effective in inhibition of heavy metals uptake.
{"title":"Influence of rootstock on nutrients and heavy metals in leaves and berries of the vine cultivar ‘Regent’ grown in North-Western Poland","authors":"Kamila Pachnowska, I. Ochmian","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.024","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate nutrient contents and heavy metals of the leaves and berries of vine cultivar ‘Regent’ grafted on different rootstocks (‘Couderc 161-49’, ‘Sori’, ‘Kober 125AA’, ‘Borner’ and ‘Kober 5BB’) in comparison to control (‘Regent’ root; own-rooted vines). Leaf and berry samples were collected in three consecutive years (2013-2015) at the research station of West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin in Poland. In the experiment, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P and Zn were analysed among mineral nutrients, whereas Cd and Pb were analysed among heavy metals. A substantial influence of tested rootstocks on analysed element contents in leaves and berries has been proven. All tested rootstocks enabled a higher concentration of Ca and Mg in leaves in comparison to ‘Regent’ root. The greatest concentrations of Ca, K and N were found in leaves and berries under ‘Sori’ rootstock. As the only rootstock, ‘Couderc 161-49’ was characterised by a higher level of iron in samples in relation to own-rooted vines. The ‘Borner’ rootstock was the most effective in inhibition of heavy metals uptake.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74698265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daviel Gómez, L. Hernández, B. Valle, Julia Martínez, M. Cid, M. Escalona, M. Hernández, L. Yabor, G. Beemster, C. Tebbe, J. Papenbrock, José Carlos Lorenzo
There is a great demand of salt-tolerant sugarcane planting material in Cuba. Temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) are effective to significantly increase sugarcane in vitro shoot proliferation rate from 1:4 in conventional containers to about 1:35. Sugarcane micropropagation in TIBs under NaCl stress may help screen mutants with salinity tolerance. We developed the experiment shown here to identify a NaCl concentration able to stress shoot in TIBs. At 30 days of culture initiation with different NaCl levels (0 - 200 mM), explant multiplication rate, shoot cluster fresh mass, and levels of aldehydes, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenolics were determined in the plant material. Content of soluble phenolics in the culture medium was also evaluated. Addition of NaCl decreased shoot multiplication rate and fresh mass. Other statistically significant differences were recorded but the most important were noted in the increased contents of carotenoids, malondialdehyde, other aldehydes and soluble phenolics in the plants, and in the soluble phenolics in the culture medium. This research may be useful for future experiments of in vitro selection of new sugarcane genetic materials with NaCl tolerance. Fifty percent of multiplication rate was reduced with 89 mM NaCl which can be used to stress shoots during micropropagation in TIBs and eventually detect mutants with salt tolerance.
古巴对耐盐甘蔗种植材料的需求量很大。暂浸式生物反应器(TIB)可显著提高甘蔗离体苗增殖率，从传统容器中的1:4提高到1:35左右。NaCl胁迫下甘蔗在TIBs中进行微繁繁殖，有助于筛选耐盐突变体。我们在这里进行了实验，以确定能够在TIBs中胁迫芽的NaCl浓度。在不同NaCl水平(0 ~ 200 mM)培养30 d时，测定了外植体增殖率、茎簇鲜质量以及植物材料中醛类、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和酚类物质的含量。测定了培养基中可溶性酚类物质的含量。添加NaCl降低了芽部增殖速率和鲜质量。其他有统计学意义的差异也有记录，但最重要的是植物中类胡萝卜素、丙二醛、其他醛类和可溶性酚类物质的含量增加，以及培养基中可溶性酚类物质的含量增加。本研究可为今后甘蔗耐盐新遗传材料的体外选育提供参考。89 mM NaCl处理可使TIBs的增殖率降低50%，可用于TIBs微繁过程中的胁迫芽，最终检测出耐盐突变体。
{"title":"Salinity induces specific metabolic changes in sugarcane shoot explants in temporary immersion bioreactors","authors":"Daviel Gómez, L. Hernández, B. Valle, Julia Martínez, M. Cid, M. Escalona, M. Hernández, L. Yabor, G. Beemster, C. Tebbe, J. Papenbrock, José Carlos Lorenzo","doi":"10.15488/3194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15488/3194","url":null,"abstract":"There is a great demand of salt-tolerant sugarcane planting material in Cuba. Temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) are effective to significantly increase sugarcane in vitro shoot proliferation rate from 1:4 in conventional containers to about 1:35. Sugarcane micropropagation in TIBs under NaCl stress may help screen mutants with salinity tolerance. We developed the experiment shown here to identify a NaCl concentration able to stress shoot in TIBs. At 30 days of culture initiation with different NaCl levels (0 - 200 mM), explant multiplication rate, shoot cluster fresh mass, and levels of aldehydes, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenolics were determined in the plant material. Content of soluble phenolics in the culture medium was also evaluated. Addition of NaCl decreased shoot multiplication rate and fresh mass. Other statistically significant differences were recorded but the most important were noted in the increased contents of carotenoids, malondialdehyde, other aldehydes and soluble phenolics in the plants, and in the soluble phenolics in the culture medium. This research may be useful for future experiments of in vitro selection of new sugarcane genetic materials with NaCl tolerance. Fifty percent of multiplication rate was reduced with 89 mM NaCl which can be used to stress shoots during micropropagation in TIBs and eventually detect mutants with salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45874943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-18DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.045
Yun Ren, Jianfang Zhu, Yichun Wang, Shanlin Ma, Genru Ye, S. Hua
Increasing seed weight and oil content are the main pathways to increase canola seed oil yield. The effect of branch position on seed weight and oil content has not been previously reported in canola. Field experiments were conducted to explore the impact of branch position on seed weight and oil content. Four canola genotypes, Zheyou 50, Zhongshuang 11, Zheyou 18, and Zheshuang 8, were used to evaluate seed weight, oil content, carbohydrate profile, and nitrogen content in the main inflorescence and branches from the top to the bottom of the main stem. Seed weight and oil content decreased from the main inflorescence to the lower branches in the four genotypes. Lower carbohydrate and nitrogen content in the seed and low transport efficiency of the two chemical compounds in the silique and branches were responsible for the lower seed weight and oil content in Zheshuang 8 and Zheyou 18, respectively. However, the decreasing seed weight and oil content in the branches did not correspond with decreasing carbohydrate and nitrogen content in the branches from the top to the bottom. The result suggested complex carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in the canola seed in the different branches.
{"title":"Effect of branch position on seed weight and oil content in canola ( Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Yun Ren, Jianfang Zhu, Yichun Wang, Shanlin Ma, Genru Ye, S. Hua","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.045","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing seed weight and oil content are the main pathways to increase canola seed oil yield. The effect of branch position on seed weight and oil content has not been previously reported in canola. Field experiments were conducted to explore the impact of branch position on seed weight and oil content. Four canola genotypes, Zheyou 50, Zhongshuang 11, Zheyou 18, and Zheshuang 8, were used to evaluate seed weight, oil content, carbohydrate profile, and nitrogen content in the main inflorescence and branches from the top to the bottom of the main stem. Seed weight and oil content decreased from the main inflorescence to the lower branches in the four genotypes. Lower carbohydrate and nitrogen content in the seed and low transport efficiency of the two chemical compounds in the silique and branches were responsible for the lower seed weight and oil content in Zheshuang 8 and Zheyou 18, respectively. However, the decreasing seed weight and oil content in the branches did not correspond with decreasing carbohydrate and nitrogen content in the branches from the top to the bottom. The result suggested complex carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in the canola seed in the different branches.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43397115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-05DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.043
B. Butkutė, R. Benetis, A. Padarauskas, J. Cesevičienė, Audronė Dagilytė, Lukas Taujenis, Hiliaras Rodovičius, N. Lemežienė
Young plants of clover (Trifolium pratense L. and T. medium L.), medick (Medicago sativa L. and M. lupulina L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and milkvetch (Astragalus glycyphyllos L. and A. cicer L.), were investigated for total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, isoflavones, condensed tannins and triterpene saponins as well as their extracts for antiradical and ferrous ion chelating activity. The impact of two sample drying methods on the aforementioned characters was compared. The phytochemical concentrations were higher in the freeze-dried legumes; however, antioxidant activities were generally higher of oven-dried samples. Both the composition of health promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant properties were strongly species-dependent. Among the species tested, Trifolium spp. were most abundant in isoflavones, Medicago spp. – in saponins and O. viciifolia – in tannins. Plants of T. medium and O. viciifolia were rich in TPC. The extracts of T. pratense, O. viciifolia and A. cicer possessed significant antiradical activity; the extracts from Astragalus spp. proved to be promising chelators of ferrous ion. We concluded that young perennial legumes could be considered as potential candidates for the development of nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients to accommodate the need for a particular bioactive component or property.
{"title":"Young herbaceous legumes – a natural reserve of bioactive compounds and antioxidants for healthy food and supplements","authors":"B. Butkutė, R. Benetis, A. Padarauskas, J. Cesevičienė, Audronė Dagilytė, Lukas Taujenis, Hiliaras Rodovičius, N. Lemežienė","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.043","url":null,"abstract":"Young plants of clover (Trifolium pratense L. and T. medium L.), medick (Medicago sativa L. and M. lupulina L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and milkvetch (Astragalus glycyphyllos L. and A. cicer L.), were investigated for total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, isoflavones, condensed tannins and triterpene saponins as well as their extracts for antiradical and ferrous ion chelating activity. The impact of two sample drying methods on the aforementioned characters was compared. The phytochemical concentrations were higher in the freeze-dried legumes; however, antioxidant activities were generally higher of oven-dried samples. Both the composition of health promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant properties were strongly species-dependent. Among the species tested, Trifolium spp. were most abundant in isoflavones, Medicago spp. – in saponins and O. viciifolia – in tannins. Plants of T. medium and O. viciifolia were rich in TPC. The extracts of T. pratense, O. viciifolia and A. cicer possessed significant antiradical activity; the extracts from Astragalus spp. proved to be promising chelators of ferrous ion. We concluded that young perennial legumes could be considered as potential candidates for the development of nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients to accommodate the need for a particular bioactive component or property.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.042
Araiz Nazir, M. R. Shaheen, C. M. Ayyub, R. Hussain, Nadeem Sarwer, M. Imran, Muhammad Aurangzaib, M. Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ali Khan, Yussra Yawad, M. Iqbal
Screening test was conducted on 54genotypes of tomato to analyze the effect of heat stress and categorize them as heat tolerant or heat susceptible ones. Seedlings were grown at temperatures of 28/22oC day/night. Four weeks after sowing, plants were exposed to high temperatures of 40/32oC day/night for one week. Data for various morphological (root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll contents, sub-stomatal CO2, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and leaf temperature) were recorded. Heat stress had a negative effect on all physiological and morphological processes of the genotypes. However, “Parter Improved”, “Legend” and “Roma” were the most tolerant genotypes whereas “Grus Chovka”, “Nepoli”, “Tima France”, “Kaldera” and “Cold Set” were susceptible to heat stress.
{"title":"Exploring the better genetic options from indigenous material to cultivate tomato under high temperature regime","authors":"Araiz Nazir, M. R. Shaheen, C. M. Ayyub, R. Hussain, Nadeem Sarwer, M. Imran, Muhammad Aurangzaib, M. Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ali Khan, Yussra Yawad, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.042","url":null,"abstract":"Screening test was conducted on 54genotypes of tomato to analyze the effect of heat stress and categorize them as heat tolerant or heat susceptible ones. Seedlings were grown at temperatures of 28/22oC day/night. Four weeks after sowing, plants were exposed to high temperatures of 40/32oC day/night for one week. Data for various morphological (root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll contents, sub-stomatal CO2, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and leaf temperature) were recorded. Heat stress had a negative effect on all physiological and morphological processes of the genotypes. However, “Parter Improved”, “Legend” and “Roma” were the most tolerant genotypes whereas “Grus Chovka”, “Nepoli”, “Tima France”, “Kaldera” and “Cold Set” were susceptible to heat stress.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.041
Ksenija S. Mileski, A. Ćirić, J. Petrović, M. Ristić, V. Matevski, P. Marin, A. Džamić
This study shows Laserpitium ochridanum essential oil composition, its antifungal potency, and possible antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of different extracts. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (40.9%) found to be the most abundant group of constituents in the oil. Sabinene (22.8%), viridiflorol (14.7%) and α-pinene (11.40%) were the main compounds of the oil. Ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ABTS assays and was the richest in polyphenols. Microdilution method revealed the strongest antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts in comparison to other tested extracts and streptomycin. L. ochridanum oil evidenced the best antifungal potential against used micromycetes. Results of anti-quorum sensing activity assay indicated high affection of aqueous extract in reduction of PAO1 pyocianin production (18.07%).Used samples possessed slight reduction of twitching and swimming mobility. Excellent antifungal oil activity, good antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum activity of L. ochridanum extracts was found. This study shows for the first time anti-guorum sensing activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa of L. ochridanum, as well as its significant antioxidant potential. This study was conducted due to adventives of usage of natural products as efficient substitution for synthetic agents in treatment of various medical conditions.
{"title":"Laserpitium ochridanum : antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Ksenija S. Mileski, A. Ćirić, J. Petrović, M. Ristić, V. Matevski, P. Marin, A. Džamić","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.041","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows Laserpitium ochridanum essential oil composition, its antifungal potency, and possible antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of different extracts. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (40.9%) found to be the most abundant group of constituents in the oil. Sabinene (22.8%), viridiflorol (14.7%) and α-pinene (11.40%) were the main compounds of the oil. Ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ABTS assays and was the richest in polyphenols. Microdilution method revealed the strongest antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts in comparison to other tested extracts and streptomycin. L. ochridanum oil evidenced the best antifungal potential against used micromycetes. Results of anti-quorum sensing activity assay indicated high affection of aqueous extract in reduction of PAO1 pyocianin production (18.07%).Used samples possessed slight reduction of twitching and swimming mobility. Excellent antifungal oil activity, good antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum activity of L. ochridanum extracts was found. This study shows for the first time anti-guorum sensing activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa of L. ochridanum, as well as its significant antioxidant potential. This study was conducted due to adventives of usage of natural products as efficient substitution for synthetic agents in treatment of various medical conditions.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.039
Bingjun Qian, Yu Pan, Zhan Cai, P. Jing
The seeds of nine China-grown radish cultivars were analyzed for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties and ACE-inhibitory activity. Radish seeds contained 36.87–43.06% (w/w) oils, whereas 64.55–69.26% of the fatty acids were monounsaturated and 20.33–25.11% were polyunsaturated. The levels of δ- tocopherol (552.24–670.31 μg/g seed oils) and lutein (4.82–8.95 μg/g seed oils) differed in cultivars. The nine cultivars were varied in total phenolics, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids, but not in proanthocyanidins. Seed extracts of Hybrid #63, Tou Xin Hong, and Hybrid #72 showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ORAC, and FRAP than others (p<0.05). The Yanzhi #2 extracts exhibited a strong ACE-inhibitory activity, which was positively correlated with vanillic acid contents (r = 0.890, p = 0.001). It provides evidence on developing value-added utilization of radish seeds or seed fractions such as oil and flour as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
{"title":"Phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity and ACE-inhibitory activity of China-grown radish seeds","authors":"Bingjun Qian, Yu Pan, Zhan Cai, P. Jing","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.039","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds of nine China-grown radish cultivars were analyzed for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties and ACE-inhibitory activity. Radish seeds contained 36.87–43.06% (w/w) oils, whereas 64.55–69.26% of the fatty acids were monounsaturated and 20.33–25.11% were polyunsaturated. The levels of δ- tocopherol (552.24–670.31 μg/g seed oils) and lutein (4.82–8.95 μg/g seed oils) differed in cultivars. The nine cultivars were varied in total phenolics, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids, but not in proanthocyanidins. Seed extracts of Hybrid #63, Tou Xin Hong, and Hybrid #72 showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ORAC, and FRAP than others (p<0.05). The Yanzhi #2 extracts exhibited a strong ACE-inhibitory activity, which was positively correlated with vanillic acid contents (r = 0.890, p = 0.001). It provides evidence on developing value-added utilization of radish seeds or seed fractions such as oil and flour as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.040
A. Koźmińska, M. A. Hassan, Dinesh Kumar, L. Oprica, F. Martinelli, M. Grigore, Ó. Vicente, M. Boscaiu
In this study the effects of salt stress on growth and several stress markers were investigated in the ornamental and medicinal plant Calendula officinalis. One month old plants were submitted to increasing concentrations of salt up to 150mM NaCl for a period of 30 days. Salinity affected growth in terms of stem length and fresh weight of the plants, but water content remained unchanged indicating a certain tolerance to low and mild concentrations of salt. Although Na+ and Cl− increased in parallel to applied salt treatments, the levels of K+ and Ca2+ showed no significant change, while Mg2+ levels recorded a two folds increase upon the application of the highest salt concentration. Other measured parameters showed a more significant change, notably proline that registered a nine folds increase under salt stress. In conclusion, although plants suffered from salt stress as shown by the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and increased MDA levels, they continued their vegetative growth under low concentrations of salt. The main mechanisms of response to stress in this species are based on the insurance of K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis and the accumulation of proline as a functional osmolyte.
{"title":"Characterizing the effects of salt stress in Calendula officinalis L.","authors":"A. Koźmińska, M. A. Hassan, Dinesh Kumar, L. Oprica, F. Martinelli, M. Grigore, Ó. Vicente, M. Boscaiu","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.040","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the effects of salt stress on growth and several stress markers were investigated in the ornamental and medicinal plant Calendula officinalis. One month old plants were submitted to increasing concentrations of salt up to 150mM NaCl for a period of 30 days. Salinity affected growth in terms of stem length and fresh weight of the plants, but water content remained unchanged indicating a certain tolerance to low and mild concentrations of salt. Although Na+ and Cl− increased in parallel to applied salt treatments, the levels of K+ and Ca2+ showed no significant change, while Mg2+ levels recorded a two folds increase upon the application of the highest salt concentration. Other measured parameters showed a more significant change, notably proline that registered a nine folds increase under salt stress. In conclusion, although plants suffered from salt stress as shown by the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and increased MDA levels, they continued their vegetative growth under low concentrations of salt. The main mechanisms of response to stress in this species are based on the insurance of K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis and the accumulation of proline as a functional osmolyte.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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