Pub Date : 2018-05-02DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.014
M. Maszewska, A. Florowska, K. Matysiak, K. Marciniak-Łukasiak, E. Dłużewska
Palm oil is characterized by high oxidation stability, high smoke point, low foam making properties, limited penetration into the product, what makes it ideal for processes requiring thermal treatment such as frying. The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and thermooxidative stability of red palm olein, rapeseed oil and their mixtures during deep-frying of French fries. Analysis of fatty acids composition and basic parameters of fresh oils (acid number, peroxide value, polar compounds content, induction time) were performed. During frying, changes in acid number, polar compounds in oils as well as consumers’ acceptance of the fries fried in these oils were investigated. During the 32-hour of frying, the lowest chemical changes occurred in palm olein, what was confirmed by low acid values (0.99 mg KOH/g) and low polar content (14.4%). At the end of the experiment, the oil mixture had the highest polar fraction value of 25.0%. In the opinion of consumers, fries fried in rapeseed oil were “the best”, while French fries fried on palm oil were considered “artificial”, “chemical” and “disgusting”. The reason for this opinion was the addition of β-carotene to this oil. On the other hand β-carotene from palm olein had a great positive effect on the colour of the fries, but at the same time had a negative effect on the taste.
{"title":"The study of palm and rapeseed oil stability during frying","authors":"M. Maszewska, A. Florowska, K. Matysiak, K. Marciniak-Łukasiak, E. Dłużewska","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.014","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil is characterized by high oxidation stability, high smoke point, low foam making properties, limited penetration into the product, what makes it ideal for processes requiring thermal treatment such as frying. The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition and thermooxidative stability of red palm olein, rapeseed oil and their mixtures during deep-frying of French fries. Analysis of fatty acids composition and basic parameters of fresh oils (acid number, peroxide value, polar compounds content, induction time) were performed. During frying, changes in acid number, polar compounds in oils as well as consumers’ acceptance of the fries fried in these oils were investigated. During the 32-hour of frying, the lowest chemical changes occurred in palm olein, what was confirmed by low acid values (0.99 mg KOH/g) and low polar content (14.4%). At the end of the experiment, the oil mixture had the highest polar fraction value of 25.0%. In the opinion of consumers, fries fried in rapeseed oil were “the best”, while French fries fried on palm oil were considered “artificial”, “chemical” and “disgusting”. The reason for this opinion was the addition of β-carotene to this oil. On the other hand β-carotene from palm olein had a great positive effect on the colour of the fries, but at the same time had a negative effect on the taste.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-19DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.011
W. Nouman, M. Olson, Tehseen Gull, M. Zubair, S. M. A. Basra, M. K. Qureshi, M. Sultan, M. Shaheen
To observe variation in growth performance, antioxidant activities, and nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera, we exogenously applied benzyl amino purine (BAP), ascorbic acid, and moringa leaf extract (MLE) to moringa plants at three field capacity levels, 100, 75, and 40% in a completely randomized design with three replications. We observed a decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, crude protein, and mineral contents of moringa leaves at 100 and 40% field capacity in comparison with 75% field capacity. BAP best improved growth performance of moringa plants, improving shoot length, root length, number of leaves and photosynthetic pigments, followed by MLE at 75% field capacity, while moringa plants showed reduced growth at 40% field capacity which was increased by BAP and MLE foliar application. Maximum contents of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were found in moringa leaves when the plants were sprayed with ascorbic acid while p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were maximally increased under 75% field capacity when the plants were subjected to BAP followed by MLE. The lowest and highest crude protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents were recorded under 40 and 75% field capacity, with MLE impro-ving these contents under both conditions. It can safely be concluded that moringa plants showed retarded growth under 100 and 40% field capacity, and that the effects of deficit in nutritional quality were mitigated by applying BAP and MLE. Among these two plant growth regulators, MLE can be preferred being a natural source.
{"title":"Drought affects size, nutritional quality, antioxidant activities and phenolic acids of Moringa oleifera LAM.","authors":"W. Nouman, M. Olson, Tehseen Gull, M. Zubair, S. M. A. Basra, M. K. Qureshi, M. Sultan, M. Shaheen","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.011","url":null,"abstract":"To observe variation in growth performance, antioxidant activities, and nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera, we exogenously applied benzyl amino purine (BAP), ascorbic acid, and moringa leaf extract (MLE) to moringa plants at three field capacity levels, 100, 75, and 40% in a completely randomized design with three replications. We observed a decrease in growth, chlorophyll a and b, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, crude protein, and mineral contents of moringa leaves at 100 and 40% field capacity in comparison with 75% field capacity. BAP best improved growth performance of moringa plants, improving shoot length, root length, number of leaves and photosynthetic pigments, followed by MLE at 75% field capacity, while moringa plants showed reduced growth at 40% field capacity which was increased by BAP and MLE foliar application. Maximum contents of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were found in moringa leaves when the plants were sprayed with ascorbic acid while p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were maximally increased under 75% field capacity when the plants were subjected to BAP followed by MLE. The lowest and highest crude protein, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents were recorded under 40 and 75% field capacity, with MLE impro-ving these contents under both conditions. It can safely be concluded that moringa plants showed retarded growth under 100 and 40% field capacity, and that the effects of deficit in nutritional quality were mitigated by applying BAP and MLE. Among these two plant growth regulators, MLE can be preferred being a natural source.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.009
Cindy Rosas Domínguez, J. Avila, S. Pareek, M. Ochoa, J. F. A. Zavala, E. Yahia, G. G. Aguilar
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cv Esmeralda is a commercially important fruit with many bioactive compounds like vitamin C, β-carotene, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which have been reported only for fruits of commercial maturity. Our objective was to evaluate changes in concentration of main pineapple bioactives, their contribution to total antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) during pineapple ripening. Fruits were grouped into four ripening stages (RS) according to their weight, size and percentage of yellow skin color (RS1: 100% green, RS2: up to 30% yellow, RS3: 30% - 75% yellow, RS4: 75% - 100% yellow). Vitamin C content initially increased, and decreased at RS4; β-carotene, phenolics and antioxidant capacity increased gradually. Phenolics contributed over 40% of antioxidant capacity, followed by vitamin C and β-carotene. Major phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. PAL and POD activity increased with ripening and correlated with concentration of phenolics. No PPO activity was quantified. We concluded that ripening of pineapple cv Esmeralda alters the concentration of bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, particularly gallic acid, exert the most antioxidant capacity during all RS, even if other compounds have higher concentrations.
{"title":"Content of bioactive compounds and their contribution to antioxidant capacity during ripening of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cv Esmeralda","authors":"Cindy Rosas Domínguez, J. Avila, S. Pareek, M. Ochoa, J. F. A. Zavala, E. Yahia, G. G. Aguilar","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.009","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cv Esmeralda is a commercially important fruit with many bioactive compounds like vitamin C, β-carotene, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which have been reported only for fruits of commercial maturity. Our objective was to evaluate changes in concentration of main pineapple bioactives, their contribution to total antioxidant capacity and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) during pineapple ripening. Fruits were grouped into four ripening stages (RS) according to their weight, size and percentage of yellow skin color (RS1: 100% green, RS2: up to 30% yellow, RS3: 30% - 75% yellow, RS4: 75% - 100% yellow). Vitamin C content initially increased, and decreased at RS4; β-carotene, phenolics and antioxidant capacity increased gradually. Phenolics contributed over 40% of antioxidant capacity, followed by vitamin C and β-carotene. Major phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. PAL and POD activity increased with ripening and correlated with concentration of phenolics. No PPO activity was quantified. We concluded that ripening of pineapple cv Esmeralda alters the concentration of bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, particularly gallic acid, exert the most antioxidant capacity during all RS, even if other compounds have higher concentrations.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44791089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.008
F. Oehl, B. Koch
The use of a permanent vegetation cover or frequent tillage in vineyards may affect soil water budget, nutrient availability, soil compaction, soil erosion and soil microbe biodiversity, and through all these and other factors also yield and wine quality parameters. The abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might also be influenced, but so far effects on AMF by permanent vege-tation cover (= no-tillage systems) or repeated chiseling and rotary-tillaging have rarely been compared in vineyards. The objective of this on-farm study was to determine AMF species richness and diversity in two adjacent vineyards in Palatinate (SW Germany). In both vineyards, grown on fertile Luvisols, the var. “Pinot Gris” was grown for 39 years, but with different soil cultivation and different fertilization strategies. In one vineyard, soil was maintained periodically without vegetation by passing rotatory cultivator and chiseling between the grapevine rows (‘inter-rows’) several times per year, preferably during spring and summer and in dependency of rainfall and ‘weed’ growth, and fertilization was mainly by organic fertilizers in the last ten years before soil sampling. In the other vineyard, a permanent vegetation has been established since planting, dominated by Lolium perenne, and mineral fertilizers were exclusively applied. Despite of similar high nutrient availability in both soils, in particular of phosphorus, astonishing high AMF species richness and diversity were found in both vineyards. In the no-tillage inter-rows, 34 AMF species were found, with a species composition typically for Central European permanent grasslands (Shannon diversity index 2.45). In the tillage system 24 AMF species were found with a composition as known for extensively used, cultivated Central European croplands (diversity index 2.26). We conclude that above all soil cultivation has affected AMF diversity in these Central European vineyards, while the level and type of fertilization affected the AMF communities only on a minor level.
{"title":"Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in no-till and conventionally tilled vineyards","authors":"F. Oehl, B. Koch","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.008","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a permanent vegetation cover or frequent tillage in vineyards may affect soil water budget, nutrient availability, soil compaction, soil erosion and soil microbe biodiversity, and through all these and other factors also yield and wine quality parameters. The abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might also be influenced, but so far effects on AMF by permanent vege-tation cover (= no-tillage systems) or repeated chiseling and rotary-tillaging have rarely been compared in vineyards. The objective of this on-farm study was to determine AMF species richness and diversity in two adjacent vineyards in Palatinate (SW Germany). In both vineyards, grown on fertile Luvisols, the var. “Pinot Gris” was grown for 39 years, but with different soil cultivation and different fertilization strategies. In one vineyard, soil was maintained periodically without vegetation by passing rotatory cultivator and chiseling between the grapevine rows (‘inter-rows’) several times per year, preferably during spring and summer and in dependency of rainfall and ‘weed’ growth, and fertilization was mainly by organic fertilizers in the last ten years before soil sampling. In the other vineyard, a permanent vegetation has been established since planting, dominated by Lolium perenne, and mineral fertilizers were exclusively applied. Despite of similar high nutrient availability in both soils, in particular of phosphorus, astonishing high AMF species richness and diversity were found in both vineyards. In the no-tillage inter-rows, 34 AMF species were found, with a species composition typically for Central European permanent grasslands (Shannon diversity index 2.45). In the tillage system 24 AMF species were found with a composition as known for extensively used, cultivated Central European croplands (diversity index 2.26). We conclude that above all soil cultivation has affected AMF diversity in these Central European vineyards, while the level and type of fertilization affected the AMF communities only on a minor level.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45780300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.007
J. Nam, H. Jang, Y. Rhee
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba L.) roots, twigs, leaves, fruit, and seeds were analyzed for their nutritional compositions. Seeds exhibited significantly higher levels of crude protein, lipid, fiber, and dietary fiber than those of the other parts. Sucrose in fruit was 9321.24 mg%, which was the highest among the samples. The total essential amino acid to total amino acid ratio was highest in the leaves, and the leaves contained the highest amount of potassium. The calcium content ranged between 8.15-153.41 mg%. Oleic and linoleic acids in seeds were 5905.11 and 8045.56 mg%, respectively, which were the highest among the pawpaw parts. The highest amount of linolenic acid was measured in the leaves, and β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E were also the most abundant in the leaves. These results suggest that every part of pawpaw is a good source of an important food item. Additionally, this study provides basic data for improving the sitological value of pawpaw.
{"title":"Nutritional compositions in roots, twigs, leaves, fruit pulp, and seeds from pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) grown in Korea","authors":"J. Nam, H. Jang, Y. Rhee","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.007","url":null,"abstract":"Pawpaw (Asimina triloba L.) roots, twigs, leaves, fruit, and seeds were analyzed for their nutritional compositions. Seeds exhibited significantly higher levels of crude protein, lipid, fiber, and dietary fiber than those of the other parts. Sucrose in fruit was 9321.24 mg%, which was the highest among the samples. The total essential amino acid to total amino acid ratio was highest in the leaves, and the leaves contained the highest amount of potassium. The calcium content ranged between 8.15-153.41 mg%. Oleic and linoleic acids in seeds were 5905.11 and 8045.56 mg%, respectively, which were the highest among the pawpaw parts. The highest amount of linolenic acid was measured in the leaves, and β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E were also the most abundant in the leaves. These results suggest that every part of pawpaw is a good source of an important food item. Additionally, this study provides basic data for improving the sitological value of pawpaw.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47800008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.005
S. Eom, Jae-Yean Kim, T. Hyun
Rubus coreanus Miquel is a Korean black raspberry used in folk medicine and functional foods. To investigate the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin in R. coreanus Miquel, the complete coding sequence of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), designated as RcMF3′H1, was cloned for the first time using the Korean black raspberry transcriptome library. The deduced amino acid sequence of RcMF3′H1 contained the proline-rich “hinge” region, P450 consensus heme-binding domain, and F3′H-specific motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RcMF3′H1 was clustered into the same subgroup as other plant F3′Hs. In addition, expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed the involvement of RcMF3′H1 in methyl jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the ability of the RcMF3′H1 gene to complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa 7-1 mutant suggested that RcMF3′H1 encodes the functional F3′H enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, the cloning and molecular characterization of RcMF3′H1 will facilitate a better insight into the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in R. coreanus Miquel.
{"title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase gene from Rubus coreanus Miquel","authors":"S. Eom, Jae-Yean Kim, T. Hyun","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.005","url":null,"abstract":"Rubus coreanus Miquel is a Korean black raspberry used in folk medicine and functional foods. To investigate the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin in R. coreanus Miquel, the complete coding sequence of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), designated as RcMF3′H1, was cloned for the first time using the Korean black raspberry transcriptome library. The deduced amino acid sequence of RcMF3′H1 contained the proline-rich “hinge” region, P450 consensus heme-binding domain, and F3′H-specific motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RcMF3′H1 was clustered into the same subgroup as other plant F3′Hs. In addition, expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed the involvement of RcMF3′H1 in methyl jasmonate-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the ability of the RcMF3′H1 gene to complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa 7-1 mutant suggested that RcMF3′H1 encodes the functional F3′H enzyme involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, the cloning and molecular characterization of RcMF3′H1 will facilitate a better insight into the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in R. coreanus Miquel.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.006
V. Sicari, M. Loizzo, R. Tundis, A. Mincione, T. Pellicanò
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a member of the family Portulacaceae. Due to its many health benefits, it is listed in a World Health Organization database. The aim of this work is to investigate the purslane extracts for their chemical profile and bioactivity.In this study, two different solvents (MeOH/H2O and EtOH) were applied to fresh and dried leaves. The extracts were analysed using HPLC-DAD. Phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and rutin) were identified in all samples. Quercetin and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant compounds. Total antioxidant activity was measured by using the ABTS and DPPH tests, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Hypoglycaemic properties were investigated via the inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase.Fresh hydroalcoholic purslane extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging potential in both ABTS and DPPH test (IC50 values of 52.86 and 66.98 μg/mL, respectively), whereas dried hydroalcoholic purslane extract showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (IC50 value of 45.05 μg/mL). Collectively these data show the health properties of this widely consumed salad plant.
{"title":"Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) extracts display antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effects","authors":"V. Sicari, M. Loizzo, R. Tundis, A. Mincione, T. Pellicanò","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.006","url":null,"abstract":"Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a member of the family Portulacaceae. Due to its many health benefits, it is listed in a World Health Organization database. The aim of this work is to investigate the purslane extracts for their chemical profile and bioactivity.In this study, two different solvents (MeOH/H2O and EtOH) were applied to fresh and dried leaves. The extracts were analysed using HPLC-DAD. Phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and rutin) were identified in all samples. Quercetin and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant compounds. Total antioxidant activity was measured by using the ABTS and DPPH tests, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Hypoglycaemic properties were investigated via the inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase.Fresh hydroalcoholic purslane extract exhibited the highest radical scavenging potential in both ABTS and DPPH test (IC50 values of 52.86 and 66.98 μg/mL, respectively), whereas dried hydroalcoholic purslane extract showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory potential (IC50 value of 45.05 μg/mL). Collectively these data show the health properties of this widely consumed salad plant.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49505153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-02DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.004
D. Samsampour, F. Sadeghi, M. Asadi, Atiye Ebrahimzadeh
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress can cause oxidative damage. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a functional molecule in alleviating the oxidative damage of salinity to plants through modulating antioxidant metabolism. In the present study, effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on induction of callus and seed germination, and antioxidant capacity of Hyoscyamus niger seedlings were studied under 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl stress. NO stimulated the germination of NaCl-treated seeds. NaCl treatment significantly induced accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in Hyoscyamus niger, and application of 100 μM SNP stimulated ROS-scavenging enzymes and increased scavenging activity (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activity and chelating activity of ferrous ions, resulting in lower lipid peroxidation induced by NaCl stress. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increased antioxidant capacity by NO might be responsible for its function in alleviating the inhibition of Hyoscyamus niger growth and cell damage by salt stress. Also the effect of SNP on the induction of callus of Hyoscyamus niger was investigated. Callus fresh weight increased significantly in the combined effect of 50 μM SNP with other plant growth regulators (PGR) compared to control. It is evident that SNP has a direct effect on the induction of callus by interacting with cytokinins and auxins.
盐胁迫下活性氧(ROS)的产生会引起氧化损伤。一氧化氮(NO)被认为是一种通过调节抗氧化代谢来减轻盐度对植物氧化损伤的功能分子。本研究研究了NO供体硝普钠(SNP)在0、50、100和150 mM NaCl胁迫下对黑山梨(Hyoscyamus niger)幼苗愈伤组织诱导、种子萌发及抗氧化能力的影响。NO刺激了nacl处理种子的萌发。NaCl处理显著诱导了黑水鼠体内H2O2和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)的积累，100 μM SNP处理刺激了ros清除酶，提高了氧化还原活性(DPPH)、羟基自由基(OH•)清除活性和亚铁离子的螯合活性，降低了NaCl胁迫引起的脂质过氧化。综上所述，一氧化氮的抗氧化能力可能与其减轻盐胁迫对黑眼鼠生长抑制和细胞损伤的作用有关。研究了SNP对黑山芋愈伤组织诱导的影响。与对照相比，50 μM SNP与其他植物生长调节剂(PGR)的联合作用显著增加了愈伤组织鲜重。可见，SNP通过与细胞分裂素和生长素的相互作用，直接影响愈伤组织的诱导。
{"title":"Effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the induction of callus and antioxidant capacity of Hyoscyamus niger under in vitro salt stress","authors":"D. Samsampour, F. Sadeghi, M. Asadi, Atiye Ebrahimzadeh","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.004","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress can cause oxidative damage. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as a functional molecule in alleviating the oxidative damage of salinity to plants through modulating antioxidant metabolism. In the present study, effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on induction of callus and seed germination, and antioxidant capacity of Hyoscyamus niger seedlings were studied under 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl stress. NO stimulated the germination of NaCl-treated seeds. NaCl treatment significantly induced accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in Hyoscyamus niger, and application of 100 μM SNP stimulated ROS-scavenging enzymes and increased scavenging activity (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging activity and chelating activity of ferrous ions, resulting in lower lipid peroxidation induced by NaCl stress. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increased antioxidant capacity by NO might be responsible for its function in alleviating the inhibition of Hyoscyamus niger growth and cell damage by salt stress. Also the effect of SNP on the induction of callus of Hyoscyamus niger was investigated. Callus fresh weight increased significantly in the combined effect of 50 μM SNP with other plant growth regulators (PGR) compared to control. It is evident that SNP has a direct effect on the induction of callus by interacting with cytokinins and auxins.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45160295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.001
J. Farias, V. Frescura, A. Boligon, Kássia Cauana Trapp, J. L. Andriolo, S. Tedesco, K. Bernardy, R. Schwalbert, B. D. Frari, M. Carey, F. Nicoloso
Recent studies have implicated dietary factors in the cause and prevention of important diseases, with strong evidence that plant’s compounds can protect against these diseases. Moreover, food security and environmental contamination are topics in focus at the moment. In this view, contamination by arsenic (As) has received much attention as well as some spices with medicinal properties. Among these plants, the use of Rosmarinus officinalis L. has demonstrated antioxidant properties besides being used for circulatory disorders. Therefore, we measured the mitotic index of Allium cepa L. and characterized the antioxidant effects to determine the capacity of R. officinalis to ameliorate arsenic-induced DNA damage. R. officinalis extract showed no mutagenic effects and exhibited antimutagenic potential, reducing the DNA damage, anaphase-telophase briges and micronuclei chromosome aberrations that result from treatment with the arsenic. Additionally, reduction in arsenic- induced lipid peroxidation was also observed.
{"title":"Chemical properties and protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis: Mitigation of lipid peroxidation and DNA-damage from arsenic exposure","authors":"J. Farias, V. Frescura, A. Boligon, Kássia Cauana Trapp, J. L. Andriolo, S. Tedesco, K. Bernardy, R. Schwalbert, B. D. Frari, M. Carey, F. Nicoloso","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have implicated dietary factors in the cause and prevention of important diseases, with strong evidence that plant’s compounds can protect against these diseases. Moreover, food security and environmental contamination are topics in focus at the moment. In this view, contamination by arsenic (As) has received much attention as well as some spices with medicinal properties. Among these plants, the use of Rosmarinus officinalis L. has demonstrated antioxidant properties besides being used for circulatory disorders. Therefore, we measured the mitotic index of Allium cepa L. and characterized the antioxidant effects to determine the capacity of R. officinalis to ameliorate arsenic-induced DNA damage. R. officinalis extract showed no mutagenic effects and exhibited antimutagenic potential, reducing the DNA damage, anaphase-telophase briges and micronuclei chromosome aberrations that result from treatment with the arsenic. Additionally, reduction in arsenic- induced lipid peroxidation was also observed.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45547376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.003
Hicham El Ferouali, A. Zoukit, F. Benkhalti, N. Zehhar, H. Bouamama, S. Doubabi, N. Abdenouri
Punica granatum Legrelliae is a valuable medicinal plant that is widely planted in Morocco. The equilibrium moisture content was investigated. Peleg model was found the most suitable to describe the sorption phenomenon. The drying kinetic of Punica granatum Legrelliae’s flowers was investigated by using a convection solar dryer. Midilli-Kucuk model described well the drying curves’ trend. The effective moisture diffusivity values were obtained. The Arrhenius relation, with an activation energy value of 92.91 kJ.mol-1 expressed the temperature effect on the diffusion coefficient. Finally, the effect of drying these flowers at different temperatures on their quality was investigated. To assess the quality of the product after solar drying; the color, polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, and polyphenoloxydase and peroxydase activities were considered. 40 °C was the best drying temperature for the preservation of color and bioactive molecules with antioxidant property.
{"title":"Solar drying, hygroscopic equilibrium and biochemical quality of Punica granatum legrelliae’s flowers","authors":"Hicham El Ferouali, A. Zoukit, F. Benkhalti, N. Zehhar, H. Bouamama, S. Doubabi, N. Abdenouri","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2018.091.003","url":null,"abstract":"Punica granatum Legrelliae is a valuable medicinal plant that is widely planted in Morocco. The equilibrium moisture content was investigated. Peleg model was found the most suitable to describe the sorption phenomenon. The drying kinetic of Punica granatum Legrelliae’s flowers was investigated by using a convection solar dryer. Midilli-Kucuk model described well the drying curves’ trend. The effective moisture diffusivity values were obtained. The Arrhenius relation, with an activation energy value of 92.91 kJ.mol-1 expressed the temperature effect on the diffusion coefficient. Finally, the effect of drying these flowers at different temperatures on their quality was investigated. To assess the quality of the product after solar drying; the color, polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, and polyphenoloxydase and peroxydase activities were considered. 40 °C was the best drying temperature for the preservation of color and bioactive molecules with antioxidant property.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"91 1","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43479309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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