Fiber Laser Welding (FLW) is a versatile joining technique of metals and alloys because it allows welding of dissimilar materials without filler material. FLW utilizes intensified heat energy to liquify the workpiece interface and joins when they are solidified. In this study, dissimilar joining between Ti6Al4V-Nitinol was performed using FLW process and the thermomechanical model was developed to understand the metallurgical mechanisms and investigate weldability of dissimilar alloys. The FLW of Ti6Al4V and Nitinol plates was performed with variable power density, welding speed, and focal distance. In this three-dimensional numerical model, heat flows in two different workpieces were computed during active laser welding and cooling process using a combined effect of radiation and convection. Both of the top and bottom surfaces of the welded zone were studied considering the combined effect from focused heat source and Argon shielding gas. Significant thermal cracks were produced through the welded interface. However, this numerical study illustrated thermomechanical foundation and discuss future challenges to improve the integrity and desirable FLW parameters in the dissimilar metal joining.
{"title":"Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Ti6Al4V-NiTi Dissimilar Laser Welding Process","authors":"Aspen Glaspell, J. Ryu, K. Choo","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-58537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-58537","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fiber Laser Welding (FLW) is a versatile joining technique of metals and alloys because it allows welding of dissimilar materials without filler material. FLW utilizes intensified heat energy to liquify the workpiece interface and joins when they are solidified. In this study, dissimilar joining between Ti6Al4V-Nitinol was performed using FLW process and the thermomechanical model was developed to understand the metallurgical mechanisms and investigate weldability of dissimilar alloys.\u0000 The FLW of Ti6Al4V and Nitinol plates was performed with variable power density, welding speed, and focal distance. In this three-dimensional numerical model, heat flows in two different workpieces were computed during active laser welding and cooling process using a combined effect of radiation and convection. Both of the top and bottom surfaces of the welded zone were studied considering the combined effect from focused heat source and Argon shielding gas. Significant thermal cracks were produced through the welded interface. However, this numerical study illustrated thermomechanical foundation and discuss future challenges to improve the integrity and desirable FLW parameters in the dissimilar metal joining.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77830038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasonic welding is one of the most practical joining method for polymer composite materials and has been adapted in the aerospace and automotive industries. To effectively join polymer composite assemblies, it is critical to understand the dynamic response of the welding system so that sound heating generation and welding sequences in the ultrasonic welding of the assemblies can be properly obtained. This study presents a dynamic response model of a multi-spot configuration assembly using ultrasonic welding. Here, a dynamic model of joining a U-shaped carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite part with a flat part is developed and analyzed through the ratio between the frequencies generated at different locations of the spot with respect to the edges of the assembly and the natural frequency. Finally, this ratio is correlated with the weld quality of the multiple spot configuration. Guidelines for designing multisport sequence are extracted. This study provides a method to design the welding sequence in ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber reinforced composites.
{"title":"Investigation of the Dynamic Response of a Multispot System at Joining Using Ultrasonic Welding","authors":"T. Lee, Pei-chung Wang, S. Hu, M. Banu","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-64916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64916","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ultrasonic welding is one of the most practical joining method for polymer composite materials and has been adapted in the aerospace and automotive industries. To effectively join polymer composite assemblies, it is critical to understand the dynamic response of the welding system so that sound heating generation and welding sequences in the ultrasonic welding of the assemblies can be properly obtained. This study presents a dynamic response model of a multi-spot configuration assembly using ultrasonic welding. Here, a dynamic model of joining a U-shaped carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite part with a flat part is developed and analyzed through the ratio between the frequencies generated at different locations of the spot with respect to the edges of the assembly and the natural frequency. Finally, this ratio is correlated with the weld quality of the multiple spot configuration. Guidelines for designing multisport sequence are extracted. This study provides a method to design the welding sequence in ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber reinforced composites.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72493350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zane Decker, Mason Makulinski, Suprita Vispute, M. Sundaram
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with Poly(lactic Acid) plus (PLA+) is frequently used in rapid prototyping and 3D printing of complex shapes. Owing to their light weight, manufacturability and cost effectiveness, thermoplastic parts made by FDM are increasingly used in several applications ranging from tissue engineering to consumer goods industry. Understanding the size effects on the strength of these parts is essential to extend their use in the microsystem applications. This paper studies the effect of scale on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of a 3D printed parts made by FDM. Process parameter such as extrusion temperature, infill density, infill pattern, print speed, layer thickness and nozzle diameter were kept consistent for this experiment. Five samples each with a square cross-sectional area of side lengths of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, and 10mm were subjected to a tensile test. It was observed that parts with a smaller cross-sectional area experienced ductile failure as opposed to brittle fracture in larger cross-sectional area. Failure is shown to occur at sections where the geometry changes for brittle fractures while it occurs at the center of the parts displaying ductile failure. Results of the tensile test show a non-uniform ultimate yield strength across the four sizes. Crystallization of the material due to nozzle temperature at extrusion could be a contributing factor to failure discrepancies. Increase in the cycle time is theorized to improve the layer to layer adhesion of the part thereby affecting its mode of failure.
{"title":"Effects of Size Reduction on the Failure Mechanism of 3D Printed PLA+ Parts","authors":"Zane Decker, Mason Makulinski, Suprita Vispute, M. Sundaram","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-64133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64133","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with Poly(lactic Acid) plus (PLA+) is frequently used in rapid prototyping and 3D printing of complex shapes. Owing to their light weight, manufacturability and cost effectiveness, thermoplastic parts made by FDM are increasingly used in several applications ranging from tissue engineering to consumer goods industry. Understanding the size effects on the strength of these parts is essential to extend their use in the microsystem applications. This paper studies the effect of scale on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of a 3D printed parts made by FDM. Process parameter such as extrusion temperature, infill density, infill pattern, print speed, layer thickness and nozzle diameter were kept consistent for this experiment. Five samples each with a square cross-sectional area of side lengths of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, and 10mm were subjected to a tensile test. It was observed that parts with a smaller cross-sectional area experienced ductile failure as opposed to brittle fracture in larger cross-sectional area. Failure is shown to occur at sections where the geometry changes for brittle fractures while it occurs at the center of the parts displaying ductile failure. Results of the tensile test show a non-uniform ultimate yield strength across the four sizes. Crystallization of the material due to nozzle temperature at extrusion could be a contributing factor to failure discrepancies. Increase in the cycle time is theorized to improve the layer to layer adhesion of the part thereby affecting its mode of failure.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89152394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In three-dimensional cell culture, key parameters such as cell concentration and material concentration may affect cell survival rate, proliferation and differentiation ability and other functional expression, which has very important practical significance, It has great research value in analytical chemistry, microarray, drug screening, tissue culture and so on. In this paper, the principle of active mixing is introduced for dynamic mixers. The moving parts are biocompatible mixers. Different components of alginate gel are mixed quickly in the mixing chamber, and finally the homogenized material is extruded through the replacement needle installed at the outlet of the mixing chamber. The feeding system is a push rod injection pump, and the linear motion of the injection pump is transformed into the liquid flow rate of the gel solution through a single chip microcomputer, and the flow feed is precisely controlled. In addition, by changing the flow rate ratio of the two components solution and the rapid mixing of the micro mixer, the real-time concentration change of the mixed material at the outlet can be realized, that is, gradient printing. In this paper, the printing method of gel microspheres is characterized by the distribution of the components in the Gel Microspheres according to any proportion, and because of the micro mixing process of micromixers, the demand for biological reagents and materials such as cells, proteins, cytokines and other materials is greatly reduced, which reduces the experimental cost and improves the feasibility of practical use.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Cell Culture With Alginate Hetero Gel Microspheres","authors":"Gong Youping, Qi Jinlai, Rougang Zhou, Honghao Chen, Junling He, Zizhou Qiao, Bi Zhikai, Chen Huipeng, Haiqiang Liu, Guojin Chen, Xiang Zhang, Shao Huifeng","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-63242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63242","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In three-dimensional cell culture, key parameters such as cell concentration and material concentration may affect cell survival rate, proliferation and differentiation ability and other functional expression, which has very important practical significance, It has great research value in analytical chemistry, microarray, drug screening, tissue culture and so on. In this paper, the principle of active mixing is introduced for dynamic mixers. The moving parts are biocompatible mixers. Different components of alginate gel are mixed quickly in the mixing chamber, and finally the homogenized material is extruded through the replacement needle installed at the outlet of the mixing chamber. The feeding system is a push rod injection pump, and the linear motion of the injection pump is transformed into the liquid flow rate of the gel solution through a single chip microcomputer, and the flow feed is precisely controlled. In addition, by changing the flow rate ratio of the two components solution and the rapid mixing of the micro mixer, the real-time concentration change of the mixed material at the outlet can be realized, that is, gradient printing. In this paper, the printing method of gel microspheres is characterized by the distribution of the components in the Gel Microspheres according to any proportion, and because of the micro mixing process of micromixers, the demand for biological reagents and materials such as cells, proteins, cytokines and other materials is greatly reduced, which reduces the experimental cost and improves the feasibility of practical use.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75862031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chari, Johan Vogt Duberg, E. Lindahl, J. Stahre, M. Despeisse, E. Sundin, B. Johansson, M. Wiktorsson
The Swedish strategic innovation programme, Produktion2030, is a national long-term effort towards global industrial competitiveness addressing Swedish industry’s transition towards climate goals of the European Green Deal while simultaneously realising smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 (I4.0). This paper investigated the extent of sustainability implementation and implications of I4.0 technologies through a nation-wide quantitative survey in Produktion2030’s 113 collaborative research projects. The analysis showed that 71% of the assessed projects included environmental aspects, 60% social aspects, and 45% Circular Economy (CE) aspects. Further, 65% of the projects implemented I4.0 technologies to increase overall sustainability. The survey results were compared with literature to understand how I4.0 opportunities helped derive sustainability and CE benefits. This detailed mapping of the results along with eight semi-structured interviews revealed that a majority of the projects implemented I4.0 technologies to improve resource efficiency, reduce waste in operations and incorporate CE practices in business models. The results also showed that Swedish manufacturing is progressing in the right direction of sustainability transition by deriving key resilience capabilities from I4.0-based enablers. Industries should actively adopt these capabilities to address the increasingly challenging and unpredictable sustainability issues arising in the world and for a successful transition towards sustainable manufacturing in a digital future.
{"title":"Swedish Manufacturing Practices Towards a Sustainability Transition in Industry 4.0: A Resilience Perspective","authors":"A. Chari, Johan Vogt Duberg, E. Lindahl, J. Stahre, M. Despeisse, E. Sundin, B. Johansson, M. Wiktorsson","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-62394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-62394","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Swedish strategic innovation programme, Produktion2030, is a national long-term effort towards global industrial competitiveness addressing Swedish industry’s transition towards climate goals of the European Green Deal while simultaneously realising smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 (I4.0). This paper investigated the extent of sustainability implementation and implications of I4.0 technologies through a nation-wide quantitative survey in Produktion2030’s 113 collaborative research projects. The analysis showed that 71% of the assessed projects included environmental aspects, 60% social aspects, and 45% Circular Economy (CE) aspects. Further, 65% of the projects implemented I4.0 technologies to increase overall sustainability. The survey results were compared with literature to understand how I4.0 opportunities helped derive sustainability and CE benefits. This detailed mapping of the results along with eight semi-structured interviews revealed that a majority of the projects implemented I4.0 technologies to improve resource efficiency, reduce waste in operations and incorporate CE practices in business models. The results also showed that Swedish manufacturing is progressing in the right direction of sustainability transition by deriving key resilience capabilities from I4.0-based enablers. Industries should actively adopt these capabilities to address the increasingly challenging and unpredictable sustainability issues arising in the world and for a successful transition towards sustainable manufacturing in a digital future.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78133768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In orthopedic surgery, bone cutting is an indispensable procedure followed by the surgeons to treat the fractured and fragmented bones. Because of the unsuitable parameter values used in the cutting processes, micro crack, fragmentation, and thermal osteonecrosis of bone are observed. Therefore, prediction of suitable cutting force is essential to subtract the bone without any adverse effect. In this study, the Cowper-Symonds model for bovine bone was developed for the first time. Then the developed model was coupled with the finite element analysis to predict the cutting force. To determine the model constants, tensile tests with different strain rates (10−5/s, 10−4/s, 10−3/s, and 1/s) were conducted on the cortical bone specimens. The developed material model was implemented in the bone cutting simulation and validated with the experiments.
{"title":"Prediction of Cutting Force in Bone Cutting Using Finite Element Analysis","authors":"V. Prasannavenkadesan, P. Pandithevan","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-63406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63406","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In orthopedic surgery, bone cutting is an indispensable procedure followed by the surgeons to treat the fractured and fragmented bones. Because of the unsuitable parameter values used in the cutting processes, micro crack, fragmentation, and thermal osteonecrosis of bone are observed. Therefore, prediction of suitable cutting force is essential to subtract the bone without any adverse effect. In this study, the Cowper-Symonds model for bovine bone was developed for the first time. Then the developed model was coupled with the finite element analysis to predict the cutting force. To determine the model constants, tensile tests with different strain rates (10−5/s, 10−4/s, 10−3/s, and 1/s) were conducted on the cortical bone specimens. The developed material model was implemented in the bone cutting simulation and validated with the experiments.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89568433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahil Dhoka, Scott W. Wagner, Himansshu Abhi, Nicholas Hendrickson, W. J. Emblom
Reducing fuel consumption has been a driving factor for researchers and manufacturers to continually develop improved methods for reducing the weight of automobiles or lightweighting. These vehicle lightweighting demands have directed researchers to look to using materials that are typically more difficult to manufacture in their studies. As a result, friction stir processing techniques are being looked at more closely. There are advantages to using friction stir methods. Dissimilar metals can be welded and fine-grained products can be created using friction stir methods to name a few. It can be an ideal solution for manufacturing high-conductive metals and alloys. Foamed aluminum tube similar to the one shown by Yoshiko Hangai et al [1] can be formed using the proposed process which could be used to develop lightweight automobile components. This paper provides preliminary results and insights gained when fine metal powders were used in a friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) setup. The tooling consisted of a D2 tool steel die with an H13 rotating probe mounted in a CNC mill. Within the die, commercially pure aluminum powder was topped by an aluminum cap with a milled pocket in the center. This pocket was used to locate the spin tool in the center of the cap and reduce the potential for the tool to drift and deflect. The cap was also used for compacting the powdered aluminum. X-ray diffraction indicated that Al13Fe4 was formed, indicating that the temperature within the die reached a minimum of 800°C and also indicated that the powder had the potential to partially sinter and melt.
{"title":"Integrating Friction-Stir Back Extrusion to Powder Metallurgy","authors":"Sahil Dhoka, Scott W. Wagner, Himansshu Abhi, Nicholas Hendrickson, W. J. Emblom","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-64052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reducing fuel consumption has been a driving factor for researchers and manufacturers to continually develop improved methods for reducing the weight of automobiles or lightweighting. These vehicle lightweighting demands have directed researchers to look to using materials that are typically more difficult to manufacture in their studies. As a result, friction stir processing techniques are being looked at more closely. There are advantages to using friction stir methods. Dissimilar metals can be welded and fine-grained products can be created using friction stir methods to name a few. It can be an ideal solution for manufacturing high-conductive metals and alloys. Foamed aluminum tube similar to the one shown by Yoshiko Hangai et al [1] can be formed using the proposed process which could be used to develop lightweight automobile components.\u0000 This paper provides preliminary results and insights gained when fine metal powders were used in a friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) setup. The tooling consisted of a D2 tool steel die with an H13 rotating probe mounted in a CNC mill. Within the die, commercially pure aluminum powder was topped by an aluminum cap with a milled pocket in the center. This pocket was used to locate the spin tool in the center of the cap and reduce the potential for the tool to drift and deflect. The cap was also used for compacting the powdered aluminum. X-ray diffraction indicated that Al13Fe4 was formed, indicating that the temperature within the die reached a minimum of 800°C and also indicated that the powder had the potential to partially sinter and melt.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88610292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liangkui Jiang, P. Premaratne, Yanhua Huang, Zhan Zhang, H. Qin
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Inkjet printing is one type of micro/nano scale additive manufacturing technique. The droplet generation mechanism plays an important role in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing due to its significant effects on process control, printing quality, and printing performance. The large variation of printing system design used in EHD printing and the limited process optimization techniques resulted in a complex experimental procedure to determine a working condition, and it takes a long time to finish such experiments. It is also challenging to understand the droplet generation mechanism’s fluid dynamics under a multiphysical field in EHD printing. The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the recent advancements in high performance computing can be utilized to alleviate the aforementioned challenges. In this study, a numerical simulation model was developed to model the droplet generation mechanism in EHD printing based on Taylor-Melchar leaky-dielectric model. This model successfully simulated a single printing cycle, including Taylor cone formation, cone-jet generation, jet break, and jet retraction. A further simulation study demonstrated accurate predictions of the droplet volume and the jetting diameter under different working conditions (e.g., voltages and duty ratio of pulsed AC voltage). Experiments validated the simulation model and its prediction results. Such advancement in modeling can be used to optimize the printing process as well as guide the quick selection of printing conditions given a new ink.
{"title":"Modeling and Experimental Validation of Droplet Generation in Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing for Prediction of Printing Quality","authors":"Liangkui Jiang, P. Premaratne, Yanhua Huang, Zhan Zhang, H. Qin","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-63375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63375","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Inkjet printing is one type of micro/nano scale additive manufacturing technique. The droplet generation mechanism plays an important role in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing due to its significant effects on process control, printing quality, and printing performance. The large variation of printing system design used in EHD printing and the limited process optimization techniques resulted in a complex experimental procedure to determine a working condition, and it takes a long time to finish such experiments. It is also challenging to understand the droplet generation mechanism’s fluid dynamics under a multiphysical field in EHD printing. The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the recent advancements in high performance computing can be utilized to alleviate the aforementioned challenges. In this study, a numerical simulation model was developed to model the droplet generation mechanism in EHD printing based on Taylor-Melchar leaky-dielectric model. This model successfully simulated a single printing cycle, including Taylor cone formation, cone-jet generation, jet break, and jet retraction. A further simulation study demonstrated accurate predictions of the droplet volume and the jetting diameter under different working conditions (e.g., voltages and duty ratio of pulsed AC voltage). Experiments validated the simulation model and its prediction results. Such advancement in modeling can be used to optimize the printing process as well as guide the quick selection of printing conditions given a new ink.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89307634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Honeycomb structure is one of the most common natural structures used in sandwich panel cores. The Enamel structure’s mechanical properties were compared to the Honeycomb structure’s mechanical properties to investigate if the Enamel structure can improve the compressive strength, stiffness and energy absorption capabilities of sandwich panel cores and potentially replace the common Honeycomb structure. Also, the optimal cellular configurations for the Honeycomb and Enamel structures were explored. Indeed, it was found the Enamel structure can potentially replace the Honeycomb structure and a wall thickness of 1.2 mm and a wall length/cell radius of 8.14 mm will maximize the natural structures mechanical properties. Furthermore, it was found that both the natural structures have good compressive strength. Therefore, the natural structures with their optimal cellular configurations were integrated into a novel automobile floor mat to ensure the mat possesses good compressive strength to resist failure or permanent deformation. Moreover, the novel automobile floor mat has a design feature that offers an efficient debris capturing and removal system that adds value to the automobile floor mat.
{"title":"Assessing the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Bio-Inspired Structures and Integrating Them Into a Product","authors":"Binjamin Perelman, V. Sharma","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-60675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-60675","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Honeycomb structure is one of the most common natural structures used in sandwich panel cores. The Enamel structure’s mechanical properties were compared to the Honeycomb structure’s mechanical properties to investigate if the Enamel structure can improve the compressive strength, stiffness and energy absorption capabilities of sandwich panel cores and potentially replace the common Honeycomb structure. Also, the optimal cellular configurations for the Honeycomb and Enamel structures were explored. Indeed, it was found the Enamel structure can potentially replace the Honeycomb structure and a wall thickness of 1.2 mm and a wall length/cell radius of 8.14 mm will maximize the natural structures mechanical properties.\u0000 Furthermore, it was found that both the natural structures have good compressive strength. Therefore, the natural structures with their optimal cellular configurations were integrated into a novel automobile floor mat to ensure the mat possesses good compressive strength to resist failure or permanent deformation. Moreover, the novel automobile floor mat has a design feature that offers an efficient debris capturing and removal system that adds value to the automobile floor mat.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88493224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With an end goal of creating single-alloy functionally-graded additively manufactured (FGAM) parts, this paper investigates the manufacture and properties of stainless steel 316L samples via a pulsed selective laser melting (SLM) process. The focus is on elucidating the underlying causes of property variations (within a functionally-acceptable range) through material characterization and testing. Five samples (made via different volumetric energy density-based process parameter sets) were down-selected from preliminary experimental results and analyzed for their microstructure, mechanical and physical properties (hardness, density/porosity, Young’s modulus). It was observed that property variations resulted from combinations of porosity types/amounts, martensitic phase fractions, and grain sizes. Based on these, various functionally-graded specimens of different sizes were built as per ASTM standards, each having intended property changes along its gauge volumes. The presented findings establish that a methodical control of microstructure and mechanical properties could be obtained in a repeatable and reproducible manner by changing the process parameters. This work lays the foundation for understanding and tuning the global mechanical performance of FGAM bulk structures as well as the role of interfacial zones.
{"title":"Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel 316L for Mechanical Property-Gradation","authors":"Yash Parikh, Mathew Kuttolamadom","doi":"10.1115/msec2021-64108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With an end goal of creating single-alloy functionally-graded additively manufactured (FGAM) parts, this paper investigates the manufacture and properties of stainless steel 316L samples via a pulsed selective laser melting (SLM) process. The focus is on elucidating the underlying causes of property variations (within a functionally-acceptable range) through material characterization and testing. Five samples (made via different volumetric energy density-based process parameter sets) were down-selected from preliminary experimental results and analyzed for their microstructure, mechanical and physical properties (hardness, density/porosity, Young’s modulus). It was observed that property variations resulted from combinations of porosity types/amounts, martensitic phase fractions, and grain sizes. Based on these, various functionally-graded specimens of different sizes were built as per ASTM standards, each having intended property changes along its gauge volumes. The presented findings establish that a methodical control of microstructure and mechanical properties could be obtained in a repeatable and reproducible manner by changing the process parameters. This work lays the foundation for understanding and tuning the global mechanical performance of FGAM bulk structures as well as the role of interfacial zones.","PeriodicalId":56519,"journal":{"name":"光:先进制造(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76478786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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