J. Reyna-Figueroa, Diana PerezPeña-Rosas, Patricia Galindo-Delgado, A. E. Limón-Rojas, V. Madrid-Marina
Background: Patients with cancer constitute a special group where immunization programs are often interrupted to begin treatment with chemotherapy. Sepsis is one of the main complications in this group. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study matched by age was carried out among subjects ≤ 9 years of age with cancer diagnosis. Children with cancer without sepsis and children with surgical pathology were included as controls; children with sepsis were included as cases. A bivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated to nosocomial sepsis, and odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The percentage of attributable risk was calculated for the variables included in the final model. Results: Nineteen children with cancer and sepsis and 83 controls were included. Twelve (44%) caseshad an incomplete vaccination schedule according to their age. The association force between incomplete schedule and sepsis was 10.1 (95% CI, 3 - 36; p Conclusions: Approximately, 20% to 65% of the cases of serious nosocomial infection can be associated to an incomplete vaccination schedule. Strategies should be implemented to improve the general pediatric population’s vaccination status before a serious disease, such as cancer or another chronic condition preventing the application of vaccines, develops.
{"title":"Association between an Incomplete Vaccination Schedule and Nosocomial Sepsis among Children with Cancer","authors":"J. Reyna-Figueroa, Diana PerezPeña-Rosas, Patricia Galindo-Delgado, A. E. Limón-Rojas, V. Madrid-Marina","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2013.31002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2013.31002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with cancer constitute a \u0000special group where immunization programs are often interrupted to begin \u0000treatment with chemotherapy. Sepsis is one of the main complications in this \u0000group. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study matched by age was carried out among \u0000subjects ≤ 9 years of age \u0000with cancer diagnosis. Children with cancer without sepsis and children with \u0000surgical pathology were included as controls; children with sepsis were included \u0000as cases. A bivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors \u0000associated to nosocomial sepsis, and odds ratios were calculated with 95% \u0000confidence intervals. The percentage of attributable risk was calculated for \u0000the variables included in the final model. Results: Nineteen children with cancer and sepsis and 83 controls were included. Twelve \u0000(44%) caseshad an incomplete vaccination schedule according to their age. The \u0000association force between incomplete schedule and sepsis was 10.1 (95% CI, 3 - 36; p Conclusions: Approximately, 20% to 65% of the cases of serious nosocomial infection \u0000can be associated to an incomplete vaccination schedule. Strategies should be \u0000implemented to improve the general pediatric population’s vaccination status \u0000before a serious disease, such as cancer or another chronic condition \u0000preventing the application of vaccines, develops.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunotherapy as an option of treatment in cancer has experienced an important development with the inclusion of vaccines. In lung cancer this type of treatment has emerged and vaccines can be classified in three groups: antigen-specific vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. Emepepimut (L-BLP25) and MAGE-A3 have been the vaccines most widely studied. Their promising results with benefit in survival and limited toxicity in preclinical and clinical trials have led to phase III trials with results eagerly awaited. Other vaccines have been investigated, but results were not favorable or are still pending. Hopefully, vaccines could be an additional instrument for the treatment of lung cancer in the adjuvant or metastatic setting as time will unveil the results of current and future trials.
{"title":"Vaccines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"L. Corrales-Rodríguez, N. Blais, D. Soulières","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2013.31004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2013.31004","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy as an option \u0000of treatment in cancer has experienced an important development with the \u0000inclusion of vaccines. In lung cancer this type of treatment has emerged and \u0000vaccines can be classified in three groups: antigen-specific vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, \u0000and dendritic cell vaccines. Emepepimut (L-BLP25) and MAGE-A3 have been the \u0000vaccines most widely studied. Their promising results with benefit in survival \u0000and limited toxicity in preclinical and clinical trials have led to phase III trials with results eagerly \u0000awaited. Other vaccines have been investigated, but results were not favorable \u0000or are still pending. Hopefully, vaccines could be an additional instrument for \u0000the treatment of lung cancer in the adjuvant or metastatic setting as time will \u0000unveil the results of current and future trials.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dhillon, K. Sampath, C. Moore, A. Dosanjh, D. Thiel
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While traditional intramuscular (IM) HBV vaccination is an excellent method for robust and sustained seroconversion in healthy individuals, its efficacy in chronic liver disease is sub-optimal and scant data exists in the post-liver transplant state. Importantly, HBV complications are even more severe in these same immunocompromised populations. Intra-dermal (ID) vaccination has shown initial promise as a successful alternative to achieving HBV seroconversion in patients refractory to standard vaccination protocols. Herein is a case report of a 61 year-old female who underwent liver transplantation for chronic HBV infection and achieved HBsAg seroconversion with a robust HSsAb titer with ID vaccination after having failed both standard and double dose IM vaccination.
{"title":"High-Dose Intra-Dermal Hepatitis B Vaccine in a Liver Transplant Patient Who Failed Prior Intramuscular Vaccination: A Brief Case Report","authors":"S. Dhillon, K. Sampath, C. Moore, A. Dosanjh, D. Thiel","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2013.31003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2013.31003","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) \u0000chronic infection represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality \u0000worldwide. While traditional intramuscular (IM) HBV vaccination is an excellent \u0000method for robust and sustained seroconversion in healthy individuals, its \u0000efficacy in chronic liver disease is sub-optimal and scant data exists in the \u0000post-liver transplant state. Importantly, HBV complications are even more \u0000severe in these same immunocompromised populations. Intra-dermal (ID) vaccination has shown \u0000initial promise as a successful alternative to achieving HBV seroconversion in \u0000patients refractory to standard vaccination protocols. Herein is a case report \u0000of a 61 year-old female who underwent liver transplantation for chronic HBV \u0000infection and achieved HBsAg seroconversion with a robust HSsAb titer with ID \u0000vaccination after having failed both standard and double dose IM vaccination.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangdong Li, A. Galliher-Beckley, J. Nietfeld, K. Faaberg, Jishu Shi
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently been shown to enhance protective immunity against PRRSV infection in piglets when used in combination with PRRS modified live vaccines (MLV). In this study, we explored the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of protection of MontanideTM Gel01 ST (Gel01) adjuvanted modified live PRRSV vaccine in pigs challenged with two genetically distinct strains of PRRSV. Gel01-MLV reduced lymph node pathology scores in pigs challenged with VR-2332 (parental strain of MLV vaccine) but not that in pigs challenged with MN184A (heterologous strain), when compared to that in pigs vaccinated with un-adjuvanted MLV. Pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had higher levels of PRRS-specific antibodies, as measured by IDEXX ELISA and virus neutralizing antibodies, after vaccination and VR-2332 challenge. In addition, pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and T-regulatory lymphocytes in the blood as compared to that in pigs vaccinated with MLV alone. Interestingly, we found that addition of Gel01 did not change the profile of other T lymphocyte populations after PRRSV challenge. These results demonstrate that the MLV adjuvanted with Gel01 provides enhanced protection against homologous PRRSV infection, possibly by regulating the production of PRRSV-specific antibodies and cytokines involved in the development of T-regulatory cells. Thus, Gel01 ST is a promising adjuvant that can be formulated with PRRSV MLV vaccines to reduce disease severity and tissue damage caused by PRRSV infection in pigs.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由PRRS病毒引起的一种毁灭性疾病。MontanideTM类柔性聚合佐剂最近被证明与PRRS修饰活疫苗(MLV)联合使用可增强仔猪对PRRSV感染的保护性免疫。在这项研究中，我们探讨了蒙塔尼特™Gel01 ST (Gel01)佐剂修饰PRRSV活疫苗对两种基因不同的PRRSV毒株攻毒的猪的保护效果和免疫学机制。Gel01-MLV降低了接种VR-2332 (MLV疫苗亲本株)的猪的淋巴结病理评分，但与接种未佐剂MLV的猪相比，接种MN184A(异源株)的猪的淋巴结病理评分没有降低。通过IDEXX ELISA和病毒中和抗体检测，接种Gel01-MLV的猪在接种疫苗和VR-2332攻毒后具有更高水平的prrs特异性抗体。此外，与单独接种MLV的猪相比，接种Gel01-MLV的猪血液中IFN-γ、IL-10和t调节淋巴细胞的水平降低。有趣的是，我们发现添加Gel01并没有改变PRRSV攻击后其他T淋巴细胞群的特征。这些结果表明，Gel01佐剂的MLV对同源PRRSV感染具有增强的保护作用，可能是通过调节PRRSV特异性抗体的产生和参与t调节细胞发育的细胞因子来实现的。因此，Gel01 ST是一种很有前景的佐剂，可以与PRRSV MLV疫苗配制，以降低猪PRRSV感染引起的疾病严重程度和组织损伤。
{"title":"Montanide TM Gel01 ST Adjuvant Enhances PRRS Modified Live Vaccine Efficacy by Regulating Porcine Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses","authors":"Xiangdong Li, A. Galliher-Beckley, J. Nietfeld, K. Faaberg, Jishu Shi","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2013.31001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2013.31001","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine reproductive and \u0000respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. \u0000The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently \u0000been shown to enhance protective immunity against PRRSV infection in piglets \u0000when used in combination with PRRS modified live vaccines (MLV). In this study, \u0000we explored the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of protection of \u0000MontanideTM Gel01 ST (Gel01) adjuvanted modified live PRRSV vaccine \u0000in pigs challenged with two genetically distinct strains of PRRSV. Gel01-MLV reduced \u0000lymph node pathology scores in pigs challenged with VR-2332 (parental strain of \u0000MLV vaccine) but not that in pigs challenged with MN184A (heterologous strain), when compared to that in \u0000pigs vaccinated with un-adjuvanted MLV. Pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had \u0000higher levels of PRRS-specific antibodies, as measured by IDEXX ELISA and virus \u0000neutralizing antibodies, after vaccination and VR-2332 challenge. In addition, \u0000pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and T-regulatory lymphocytes in the blood as compared to \u0000that in pigs vaccinated with MLV alone. Interestingly, we found that addition \u0000of Gel01 did not change the profile of other T lymphocyte populations after \u0000PRRSV challenge. These results demonstrate that the MLV adjuvanted with Gel01 \u0000provides enhanced protection against homologous PRRSV infection, possibly by \u0000regulating the production of PRRSV-specific antibodies and cytokines involved \u0000in the development of T-regulatory cells. Thus, Gel01 ST is a promising adjuvant that can \u0000be formulated with PRRSV MLV vaccines to reduce disease severity and tissue \u0000damage caused by PRRSV infection in pigs.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Montaner, Analia De Nichilo, Jose Rodriguez, A. Hernando-Insúa, J. Fló, R. López, V. Sierra, C. Paolazzi, O. Larghi, D. Horn, J. Zorzópulos, F. Elías
Background: Rabies virus infection causes encephalitis, which is almost always fatal. Vaccination can be extremely effective at preventing disease but is prohibitively costly. Vaccine formulations allowing dose-sparing and fewer inoculations with faster antibody response would be extremely desirable. IMT504, an immunostimulatory non-CpG oligo-deoxynucleotide, is a highly potent vaccine adjuvant. Methods: Human and rat antibody measurements, and rat chal-lenge studies were performed. Results: In rats, highly effective immune responses with IMT504 were observed even after diluting vaccine up to 1/625. In highly lethal, live intracerebral rabies challenge studies, protection occurred even with extremely dilute vaccine plus IMT504. In humans, antibody titers developed faster and were significantly higher with IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine vs non-adjuvanted vaccine (full strength or diluted). All five administered IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached protective antibodies (≥0.5 IU/ml) after the second injection. After the third injection, individuals receiving IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached levels approximately 10 times higher than controls (M ± SEM: 31.0 ± 10.9 vs 3.40 ± 0.99 IU/ml). Conclusions: These data suggest that IMT504 may allow fewer inoculations, highly significant dose-sparing of vaccine, rapid antibody production and protection from rabies. Extensive clinical studies are necessary to confirm if the use of IMT504 will permit significantly greater access to highly effective life-saving rabies vaccines.
背景:狂犬病毒感染引起脑炎，几乎总是致命的。疫苗接种在预防疾病方面非常有效，但费用过高。能够节省剂量和较少接种、抗体反应更快的疫苗配方将是非常可取的。IMT504是一种免疫刺激非cpg寡聚脱氧核苷酸，是一种高效的疫苗佐剂。方法:测定人和大鼠抗体，并进行大鼠激射试验。结果:在大鼠中，即使将疫苗稀释到1/625，也能观察到IMT504的高效免疫反应。在高致死率的脑内狂犬病活体攻击研究中，即使使用极稀释的疫苗加IMT504也能产生保护作用。在人体内，imt504佐剂稀释疫苗与非佐剂疫苗(全强度或稀释)相比，抗体滴度发展更快，且显著更高。5种经imt504佐剂稀释疫苗在第二次注射后均达到保护抗体(≥0.5 IU/ml)。在第三次注射后，接受imt504佐剂稀释疫苗的个体的水平比对照组高约10倍(M±SEM: 31.0±10.9 vs 3.40±0.99 IU/ml)。结论:这些数据表明，IMT504可以减少接种次数，高度显着的疫苗剂量节约，快速产生抗体和预防狂犬病。需要进行广泛的临床研究，以确认使用IMT504是否能够大大增加获得高效救生狂犬病疫苗的机会。
{"title":"IMT504: A New and Potent Adjuvant for Rabies Vaccines Permitting Significant Dose Sparing","authors":"A. Montaner, Analia De Nichilo, Jose Rodriguez, A. Hernando-Insúa, J. Fló, R. López, V. Sierra, C. Paolazzi, O. Larghi, D. Horn, J. Zorzópulos, F. Elías","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.24025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.24025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rabies virus infection causes encephalitis, which is almost always fatal. Vaccination can be extremely effective at preventing disease but is prohibitively costly. Vaccine formulations allowing dose-sparing and fewer inoculations with faster antibody response would be extremely desirable. IMT504, an immunostimulatory non-CpG oligo-deoxynucleotide, is a highly potent vaccine adjuvant. Methods: Human and rat antibody measurements, and rat chal-lenge studies were performed. Results: In rats, highly effective immune responses with IMT504 were observed even after diluting vaccine up to 1/625. In highly lethal, live intracerebral rabies challenge studies, protection occurred even with extremely dilute vaccine plus IMT504. In humans, antibody titers developed faster and were significantly higher with IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine vs non-adjuvanted vaccine (full strength or diluted). All five administered IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached protective antibodies (≥0.5 IU/ml) after the second injection. After the third injection, individuals receiving IMT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached levels approximately 10 times higher than controls (M ± SEM: 31.0 ± 10.9 vs 3.40 ± 0.99 IU/ml). Conclusions: These data suggest that IMT504 may allow fewer inoculations, highly significant dose-sparing of vaccine, rapid antibody production and protection from rabies. Extensive clinical studies are necessary to confirm if the use of IMT504 will permit significantly greater access to highly effective life-saving rabies vaccines.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Estevan, L. Martínez, Edith Arreisengor, M. Hortal
In Uruguay a post pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation surveillance of hospitalized children with pneumonia showed an increase of complicated pneumonias, while uncomplicated pneumonias decreased. Out of 151 pleural effusions, 62 were empyemas requiring drainage, the rest of cases were treated with antibiotics with a favorable outcome. Patient’s vaccinated status varied. Pneumococcal etiology was poorly documented. The few identified sero-types were 1 and 3, a fact that urges PCV13 use for their control.
{"title":"Persistence of Pleural Effusions and Empyemas after Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in Uruguay","authors":"M. Estevan, L. Martínez, Edith Arreisengor, M. Hortal","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.24024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.24024","url":null,"abstract":"In Uruguay a post pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation surveillance of hospitalized children with pneumonia showed an increase of complicated pneumonias, while uncomplicated pneumonias decreased. Out of 151 pleural effusions, 62 were empyemas requiring drainage, the rest of cases were treated with antibiotics with a favorable outcome. Patient’s vaccinated status varied. Pneumococcal etiology was poorly documented. The few identified sero-types were 1 and 3, a fact that urges PCV13 use for their control.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kury, A. Wilken, R. Henriques, Renata de Carvalho Salles, Wilza Abreu de Brito, M. Kury, Rafael Pessanha de Sá, Felipe Pessanha de Sá
From september to december, 2010, we have assessed the frequency and occurrence of adverse events to Pneumo-coccal conjugated 13-valent vaccine (PCV-13) in the Public vaccination program of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro, the unique city in Brazil that has introduced this vaccine in it’s immunization schedule. This study analyzed 1001 toddlers who have received PCV-13 at 3, 5 and 7 months and a booster dose at 12 months. We observed a total of 514 local and systemic events in 303 subjects (30.2% of 1001 infants). The most reported systemic events were irritability (18.8%) and fever or = 38.5°C (8.8%), loss of appetite (8.4%). Erythema (11.2%) and local pain (9.4%) were the most reported local events. Other events reported were diarrhea (6.2%), increased sleep (5.1%), edema and induration (4.8%), decreased sleep (4.3%), vomiting (1.4%), eruption (1.2%) urticaria (0.8%), prurience (0.8%), lymphadenopathy (0.2%) and hypersensitivity reaction (0.2%). There wasn’t any reported case of convulsion or Hospital admission. When stratified by each dose, irritability (systemic) and erythema (local) were the most common events reported at the first and fourth dose, although fever < 38.5°C (systemic) and pain (local) were the most common at second and third doses. Results were close to those encountered in product monograph. In our study, PCV-13 was secure in pneumococcal disease prevention and well tolerated.
{"title":"Safety and Tolerability of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine Distributed in the Public Immunization Program of the Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"C. Kury, A. Wilken, R. Henriques, Renata de Carvalho Salles, Wilza Abreu de Brito, M. Kury, Rafael Pessanha de Sá, Felipe Pessanha de Sá","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.24026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.24026","url":null,"abstract":"From september to december, 2010, we have assessed the frequency and occurrence of adverse events to Pneumo-coccal conjugated 13-valent vaccine (PCV-13) in the Public vaccination program of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro, the unique city in Brazil that has introduced this vaccine in it’s immunization schedule. This study analyzed 1001 toddlers who have received PCV-13 at 3, 5 and 7 months and a booster dose at 12 months. We observed a total of 514 local and systemic events in 303 subjects (30.2% of 1001 infants). The most reported systemic events were irritability (18.8%) and fever or = 38.5°C (8.8%), loss of appetite (8.4%). Erythema (11.2%) and local pain (9.4%) were the most reported local events. Other events reported were diarrhea (6.2%), increased sleep (5.1%), edema and induration (4.8%), decreased sleep (4.3%), vomiting (1.4%), eruption (1.2%) urticaria (0.8%), prurience (0.8%), lymphadenopathy (0.2%) and hypersensitivity reaction (0.2%). There wasn’t any reported case of convulsion or Hospital admission. When stratified by each dose, irritability (systemic) and erythema (local) were the most common events reported at the first and fourth dose, although fever < 38.5°C (systemic) and pain (local) were the most common at second and third doses. Results were close to those encountered in product monograph. In our study, PCV-13 was secure in pneumococcal disease prevention and well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MUC1, a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in many carcinomas, represents a candidate of choice for cancer immunotherapy. Flagella-based MUC1 vaccines were tested in therapeutic setting in two aggressive breast cancer models, comprising the implantation of the 4T1-MUC1 cell line in either Balb/c, or Human MUC1 transgenic mice in which spontaneous metastases occurs. Recombinant flagella carrying only 7 amino acid of MUC1 elicited therapeutic activity, affecting both the growth of established growing tumors and the number of metastases. Higher therapeutic activity was achieved with an additional recombinant flagella designed with the SYFPEITHI algorithm. The vaccines triggered a Th1 response against MUC1 with no evident autoimmune response towards healthy MUC1-expressing tissues. Recombinant flagella carrying a 25-residue fragment of MUC1, induced the most effective response, as evidenced by a significant reduction of both the size and growth rate of the tumor as well as by the lower number of metastases, and expanding life span of vaccinated mice.
{"title":"Therapeutic MUC1-Based Cancer Vaccine Expressed in Flagella-Efficacy in an Aggressive Model of Breast Cancer","authors":"Nathalie Machluf, R. Arnon","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.23015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.23015","url":null,"abstract":"MUC1, a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in many carcinomas, represents a candidate of choice for cancer immunotherapy. Flagella-based MUC1 vaccines were tested in therapeutic setting in two aggressive breast cancer models, comprising the implantation of the 4T1-MUC1 cell line in either Balb/c, or Human MUC1 transgenic mice in which spontaneous metastases occurs. Recombinant flagella carrying only 7 amino acid of MUC1 elicited therapeutic activity, affecting both the growth of established growing tumors and the number of metastases. Higher therapeutic activity was achieved with an additional recombinant flagella designed with the SYFPEITHI algorithm. The vaccines triggered a Th1 response against MUC1 with no evident autoimmune response towards healthy MUC1-expressing tissues. Recombinant flagella carrying a 25-residue fragment of MUC1, induced the most effective response, as evidenced by a significant reduction of both the size and growth rate of the tumor as well as by the lower number of metastases, and expanding life span of vaccinated mice.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kurosawa, M. Saito, Shintaro Kobayashi, T. Okuyama
Dengue virus type 2 ThNH7/93 retained infectious activity after purification by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatogra-phy. Dengue virus type 2 culture fluid was loaded onto the ceramic hydroxyapatite column and eluted with a linear gradient of sodium phosphate buffer. Culture fluid and protein contaminants derived from host cells were eluted initially, followed by elutions of dsDNA, and then dengue virus type 2. The recoveries of dengue virus type 2 were 64 ± 14% (n = 11) in the hemagglutination (HA) test and 60% (n = 2) determined by focus assay for viral infectivity. This protocol was highly reproducible, simple, rapid, and appears applicable to other virus species such as influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and adenovirus.
{"title":"Purification of Dengue Virus Particles by One-Step Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Chromatography","authors":"Y. Kurosawa, M. Saito, Shintaro Kobayashi, T. Okuyama","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.23020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.23020","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus type 2 ThNH7/93 retained infectious activity after purification by ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatogra-phy. Dengue virus type 2 culture fluid was loaded onto the ceramic hydroxyapatite column and eluted with a linear gradient of sodium phosphate buffer. Culture fluid and protein contaminants derived from host cells were eluted initially, followed by elutions of dsDNA, and then dengue virus type 2. The recoveries of dengue virus type 2 were 64 ± 14% (n = 11) in the hemagglutination (HA) test and 60% (n = 2) determined by focus assay for viral infectivity. This protocol was highly reproducible, simple, rapid, and appears applicable to other virus species such as influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and adenovirus.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To analyze the reasons for epidemic outbreaks of measles, mumps and viral hepatitis A and to propose measures to prevent them in future. Materials and methods: Тhe incidence of measles, mumps and hepatitis A in Plovdiv region was studied for the period 2006-2010. An analysis of the age structure of the patients was made, while taking into account the time for routine immunization performed against measles and mumps (first and second dose). Results: In 2006-2009 single cases of measles were found occasionally, but in 2010 they were 2787 (incidence 395/100,000). Most of them (51%) were for ages 13 months-12years, 27%-0-13 months and 11%-13 to 18 years. The incidence of mumps for 2006-2010 varied widely, and has increased significantly in 2007 (130/100,000) and 2008 (169/100,000). The majority of patients (over 34%) during the epidemics were aged 13 months-12years, and over 26% of them-13-19 years. For the period 2006-2010 the incidence of hepatitis A ranged from 2.98/100, 000 (2009) to 426/100,000 (2006). Over 50% of the cases involved children aged up to 9 years. For the three diseases over 80% of patients were individuals of Roma origin. Conclusions: 1. Epidemic spread of measles in 2010 was mainly due to shortcomings in the routine immunization carried as a prevention of the disease. 2. There are two reasons for the outbreak of mumps: А) Failure to administer the second vaccine dose at 12 years in Bulgaria until 2001. B) Shortcomings in routinely performed immunization. 3. The extremely high incidence of hepatitis A in 2006 (and in the rest of the years) is due to the lack of routine immunization. 4. Essential for the outbreaks in all three diseases are the poor hygienic living conditions, the low social status and the lack of health promotion of the population at risk 5. To prevent future outbreaks of the diseases hereby in question, we suggest it is appropriate: А) To introduce compulsory immunization against hepatitis A; B) To carry out periodic catch-up vaccination campaigns against measles and mumps.
{"title":"Epidemic Outbreaks in Plovdiv Region (Bulgaria) of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Measles, Mumps, Hepatitis A","authors":"N. Vatev, M. Stoycheva, A. Petrov, Rayna Velcheva","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2012.23023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2012.23023","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyze the reasons for epidemic outbreaks of measles, mumps and viral hepatitis A and to propose measures to prevent them in future. Materials and methods: Тhe incidence of measles, mumps and hepatitis A in Plovdiv region was studied for the period 2006-2010. An analysis of the age structure of the patients was made, while taking into account the time for routine immunization performed against measles and mumps (first and second dose). Results: In 2006-2009 single cases of measles were found occasionally, but in 2010 they were 2787 (incidence 395/100,000). Most of them (51%) were for ages 13 months-12years, 27%-0-13 months and 11%-13 to 18 years. The incidence of mumps for 2006-2010 varied widely, and has increased significantly in 2007 (130/100,000) and 2008 (169/100,000). The majority of patients (over 34%) during the epidemics were aged 13 months-12years, and over 26% of them-13-19 years. For the period 2006-2010 the incidence of hepatitis A ranged from 2.98/100, 000 (2009) to 426/100,000 (2006). Over 50% of the cases involved children aged up to 9 years. For the three diseases over 80% of patients were individuals of Roma origin. Conclusions: 1. Epidemic spread of measles in 2010 was mainly due to shortcomings in the routine immunization carried as a prevention of the disease. 2. There are two reasons for the outbreak of mumps: А) Failure to administer the second vaccine dose at 12 years in Bulgaria until 2001. B) Shortcomings in routinely performed immunization. 3. The extremely high incidence of hepatitis A in 2006 (and in the rest of the years) is due to the lack of routine immunization. 4. Essential for the outbreaks in all three diseases are the poor hygienic living conditions, the low social status and the lack of health promotion of the population at risk 5. To prevent future outbreaks of the diseases hereby in question, we suggest it is appropriate: А) To introduce compulsory immunization against hepatitis A; B) To carry out periodic catch-up vaccination campaigns against measles and mumps.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70892842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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