Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第2页

Influence of nucleating agent on the mechanical and thermal properties of neat isotactic polypropylene/reprocessed polypropylene blends 成核剂对纯异构聚丙烯/再加工聚丙烯共混物机械性能和热性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01369-8

Mete Evren Berktas, Aysun Ekinci, Mustafa Oksuz, Murat Ates, Ismail Aydin

In recent years, recycling of polypropylene (PP) has gained significant attention for various industrial applications, namely post-industrial PP waste has great advantages in terms of circular economy. In this study, the effect of the amount of nucleating agent on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene blends was investigated. Neat isotactic polypropylene and reprocessed polypropylene (iPP/rPP) were blended by means of a twin-screw extruder at 0/100, 50/50, 25/75 and 100/0% (by weight), respectively. The blends were processed by means of a twin-screw extruder then injection molded with the nucleating agent at different ratios (0, 1, 3 and 6% by weight). The properties of the samples were investigated by melt flow index (MFI) measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test, three point bending test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The MFI values of the blends increased with the increasing amount of rPP. As a result of DSC analysis, the melting temperature of the blends increased by 1.4 °C with the presence of 6% (by weight) nucleating agent. The highest flexural modulus was obtained as 1863 MPa for the iPP/rPP0 blends with the addition of 6% (by weight) nucleating agent. The elastic modulus increased with the addition of nucleating agent from 1819 (iPP/rPP50NA0) to 2152 MPa (iPP/rPP50NA6). The iPP/rPP blend with a weight ratio of (50/50) exhibited mechanical and thermal properties similar to neat iPP with the presence of 3% (by weight) nucleating agent.

Graphical abstract

近年来，聚丙烯（PP）的回收利用在各种工业应用中获得了极大关注，即工业后聚丙烯废料在循环经济方面具有巨大优势。本研究探讨了成核剂用量对聚丙烯共混物机械性能和热性能的影响。通过双螺杆挤出机，以 0/100、50/50、25/75 和 100/0%（重量比）的比例混合了纯净的同方向聚丙烯和再加工聚丙烯（iPP/rPP）。用双螺杆挤出机对混合物进行加工，然后用不同比例（0、1、3 和 6%（重量比））的成核剂注塑成型。通过熔体流动指数（MFI）测量、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、拉伸试验、三点弯曲试验和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析研究了样品的性能。混合物的 MFI 值随着 rPP 含量的增加而增加。差示扫描量热分析的结果表明，随着成核剂含量（按重量计）的增加，混合物的熔化温度提高了 1.4 °C。添加 6%（按重量计）成核剂后，iPP/rPP0 混合物的最高弯曲模量为 1863 兆帕。随着成核剂的添加，弹性模量从 1819（iPP/rPP50NA0）增至 2152 兆帕（iPP/rPP50NA6）。重量比为（50/50）的 iPP/rPP 混合物的机械性能和热性能与纯 iPP 相似，成核剂的含量为 3%（重量比）。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of date seed and graphite fillers on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester matrix composites 枣核和石墨填料对乙烯基酯基复合材料机械性能和热性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01383-w

Veeramalai Chinnasamy Sathish Gandhi, Durairaj Manikandan, Radhakrishnan Kumaravelan, Nagaraj Nagaprasad

Currently, fiber-reinforced polymer composites possess multiple benefits compared to metals and alloys in diverse applications. Researchers have conducted numerous studies aimed at improving the inherent mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials. These studies primarily emphasize the utilization of biodegradable, recyclable, and sustainable materials. This research paper aims to analyze the use of solid biomass waste, particularly hybrid date seed filler (DSF) and graphite (GH) powder, as reinforcements in vinyl ester (VE) composites. The hand layup method was used for manufacturing composites, incorporating DSF components with weight percentages varying from 0 to 15% and graphite ranging from 0 to 9% (by wt). The study aimed to investigate how the introduction of hybrid filler affects both the mechanical characteristics and thermal resistance of the composites. A set of experiments was carried out to assess the mechanical properties of composites created by combining graphite powder with DSF. Tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness are among the qualities. The optimal mechanical properties of the GH–DSF–VE composite were achieved with a date seed infill of 10% (by wt) and graphite of 9% (by wt). The ultimate tensile strength of the material measured approximately 43.2 MPa. The composite materials that were developed demonstrated an ultimate flexural strength of around 136 MPa. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that GH–DSF–VE composites have a high thermal resistance of up to 350 °C. The analysis of the fractured surface and surface properties of GH–DSF–VE composites was performed using scanning electron microscopy.

Graphical abstract

目前，与金属和合金相比，纤维增强聚合物复合材料在各种应用中具有多种优势。研究人员进行了大量研究，旨在改善复合材料的固有机械和热性能。这些研究主要强调利用可生物降解、可回收和可持续材料。本研究论文旨在分析在乙烯基酯（VE）复合材料中使用固体生物质废物，特别是混合枣核填料（DSF）和石墨（GH）粉末作为增强材料的情况。采用手糊法制造复合材料，其中DSF成分的重量百分比从0到15%不等，石墨的重量百分比从0到9%不等。研究旨在探讨混合填料的引入如何影响复合材料的机械特性和耐热性。研究人员进行了一系列实验，以评估石墨粉与 DSF 混合制成的复合材料的机械性能。其中包括拉伸强度、弯曲强度、抗冲击性和硬度。枣核填充量为 10%（重量比），石墨填充量为 9%（重量比）时，GH-DSF-VE 复合材料的机械性能达到最佳。材料的极限拉伸强度约为 43.2 兆帕。所开发的复合材料的极限抗弯强度约为 136 兆帕。热重分析表明，GH-DSF-VE 复合材料具有高达 350 °C 的高耐热性。使用扫描电子显微镜对 GH-DSF-VE 复合材料的断裂表面和表面特性进行了分析。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in hyperbranched polymer chemistry 超支化聚合物化学研究进展

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01379-6

Aleksei Maksimov, Bulat Yarullin, Kharlampii Kharlampidi, Gennadii Kutyrev

Hyperbranched polymers are densely packed macromolecules whose three-dimensional framework consists of a core and three or more branched short composite chains, namely dendrons. They have a spherical architecture and unique properties, such as nanoscale macromolecules (2–100 nm), high solubility, the presence of several branched chains, spatial voids and a large number of end functional groups. Various classes of hyperbranched polymers in the last 10 years such as polyalkanes, polyarylenes, polyhalides, organometallic polymers, polyethers, polyesters, nitrogen-containing and polyheterocyclic compounds are reviewed. These polymers can be readily obtained under mild conditions by polymerization, polycondensation or polycoupling reactions of polyfunctional monomers. The main characteristics confirming the hyperbranched structure of polymers are: low molecular weight, dispersity, medium degree of branching, large number of end functional groups, nanoscale macromolecules, three-dimensional architecture, presence of glass transition temperature, high solubility in various organic solvents, and low viscosity of polymer solutions. Due to their adaptable structures and special properties, hyperbranched polymers are widely used as hybrid materials and composites for structural applications, coatings, adhesives, membranes, catalysts, flame retardants, plasticizers, and light-emitting materials. The hyperbranched structure combined with low toxicity allows their use as highly effective nanoscale anticancer and bactericidal drugs, as well as contrast reagents for magnetic resonance tomography. The availability of technologically significant methods for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers of various types makes it possible to carry out their industrial production on a scale sufficient for practical application in solving modern problems of biomedical chemistry and in many other branches of science and industry.

Graphical abstract

超支化聚合物是一种高密度大分子，其三维框架由一个核心和三个或三个以上的支化短复合链（即树枝状链）组成。它们具有球形结构和独特的性质，如纳米级大分子（2-100 纳米）、高溶解性、存在多个支链、空间空隙和大量末端官能团。本文综述了过去 10 年中出现的各类超支化聚合物，如聚烷烃、聚芳烯烃、聚卤化物、有机金属聚合物、聚醚、聚酯、含氮和多杂环化合物。这些聚合物可以在温和的条件下通过多官能团单体的聚合、缩聚或偶联反应轻易获得。超支化聚合物结构的主要特征包括：低分子量、分散性、中等支化程度、大量末端官能团、纳米级大分子、三维结构、玻璃化温度、在各种有机溶剂中的高溶解度以及聚合物溶液的低粘度。由于超支化聚合物具有适应性强的结构和特殊性能，因此被广泛用作结构应用、涂料、粘合剂、膜、催化剂、阻燃剂、增塑剂和发光材料的混合材料和复合材料。超支化结构和低毒性使其可用作高效的纳米级抗癌和杀菌药物，以及磁共振断层扫描的对比试剂。合成各种类型超支化聚合物的重要技术方法的出现，使其工业化生产的规模足以实际应用于解决现代生物医学化学以及许多其他科学和工业分支的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating metal injection molding of 4605 low-alloy steel powder-polymer mixture: parametric optimization of the injection stage using RSM technique 研究 4605 低合金钢粉-聚合物混合物的金属注射成型：利用 RSM 技术对注射阶段进行参数优化

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01380-z

Sina Rezaei, Ali Askari

This work refines the metal injection molding (MIM) process for creating a bend-type thin-walled engine component from 4605 low-alloy steel. Utilizing a five-factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM), we optimized the injection parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology analysis helped establish the parameter ranges. The optimal injection conditions were determined to be as temperature of 155 °C, speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s, and injection pressure of 132 bar, resulting in an ideal green part density of 4.892 g/cm³. The injection pressure was found to be the most critical factor affecting the density of the prepared green part. A sample produced under these conditions closely matched the expected density, and after sintering, its density and hardness conformed to the MIM-4605 standards, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. This research work not only pinpointed the optimal conditions for the MIM process but also highlighted the significant role of injection parameters in determining quality of the parts. These findings provided valuable insights for the manufacturing industry, especially in the precision fabrication of engine components. Future research directions include expanding the study to different materials and geometries, evaluating long-term mechanical properties, incorporating machine learning for enhanced optimization, and assessing the environmental impact of the MIM process.

Graphical abstract

这项研究改进了金属注射成型 (MIM) 工艺，利用 4605 低合金钢制造出弯曲型薄壁发动机部件。利用五要素方框-贝肯设计（BBD）和响应面方法（RSM），我们对注塑参数进行了优化。差示扫描量热法（DSC）和流变分析有助于确定参数范围。最佳注塑条件确定为温度 155 °C、速度 80 mm/s、保压压力 83 bar、保压时间 9 s 和注塑压力 132 bar，理想的绿色部件密度为 4.892 g/cm3。注塑压力是影响制备的绿色部件密度的最关键因素。在这些条件下制备的样品与预期密度非常接近，烧结后的密度和硬度符合 MIM-4605 标准，证明了优化参数的有效性。这项研究工作不仅确定了 MIM 工艺的最佳条件，还强调了注塑参数在决定零件质量方面的重要作用。这些发现为制造业，尤其是发动机部件的精密制造提供了宝贵的见解。未来的研究方向包括将研究扩展到不同的材料和几何形状，评估长期机械性能，结合机器学习加强优化，以及评估 MIM 工艺对环境的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Functionalized lignin magnetic composites and their absorption capability for methylene blue and methyl orange in aqueous solution 功能化木质素磁性复合材料及其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的吸收能力

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01381-y

Liang Shi, Xue Shen, Hongyun Qi, Xiaomei Zhang, Ruiwen Shu

A novel lignin-based magnetic composite was synthesized using a facile method, with epichlorohydrin (ECH) serving as a cross-linker to bond amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNP), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and sodium lignosulfonate (LS). The synthesized composite (AMNP/LS-PEI) was subjected to characterization through multiple analytical techniques, namely FTIR, XRD, BET, TG, VSM, XPS, FE-SEM, EDS, HRTEM, and TEM. Following the synthesis, a thorough investigation was conducted into the composite’s adsorption capabilities for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes through batch adsorption, taking into account pivotal factors, including pH, contact time, solution concentration, and temperature. The experimental data suggested that the adsorption of MO and MB onto AMNP/LS-PEI was in good accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model. The AMNP/LS-PEI demonstrated maximum adsorption capacities (Q_max) of 482.7 mg g⁻¹ for MO and 375.6 mg g⁻¹ for MB, respectively. The MB and MO-adsorption kinetics onto AMNP/LS-PEI closely fit the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process of dyes onto AMNP/LS-PEI was an endothermic one. Upon six adsorption–desorption cycles, AMNP/LS-PEI demonstrated sustained adsorption capacity, achieving removal rates of 81.3% for MB and 77.1% for MO, respectively. The potential advantage for practical applications lied in its highly selective adsorption capability for mixed solutions of MB and MO. Specifically, at a pH of 4, MO was preferentially adsorbed, whereas at a pH of 8, MB was favored for adsorption. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of AMNP/LS-PEI toward dyes was explored using FTIR and XPS, and was found to be mainly ascribed to the electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding interaction, and cation exchange.

Graphical abstract

本研究采用简便的方法合成了一种新型木质素磁性复合材料，以环氧氯丙烷（ECH）作为交联剂，将氨基功能化磁性纳米粒子（AMNP）、聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）和木质素磺酸钠（LS）结合在一起。合成的复合材料（AMNP/LS-PEI）通过多种分析技术进行了表征，即傅立叶变换红外光谱、XRD、BET、TG、VSM、XPS、FE-SEM、EDS、HRTEM 和 TEM。合成完成后，考虑到 pH 值、接触时间、溶液浓度和温度等关键因素，通过批次吸附法对该复合材料对亚甲基蓝（MB）和甲基橙（MO）染料的吸附能力进行了深入研究。实验数据表明，MO 和 MB 在 AMNP/LS-PEI 上的吸附与 Langmuir 等温线模型十分吻合。AMNP/LS-PEI 对 MO 和 MB 的最大吸附容量（Qmax）分别为 482.7 mg g-1 和 375.6 mg g-1。甲基溴和 MO 在 AMNP/LS-PEI 上的吸附动力学非常符合伪二阶模型。此外，热力学分析表明，染料在 AMNP/LS-PEI 上的吸附过程是一个内热过程。经过六个吸附-解吸循环，AMNP/LS-PEI 显示出持续的吸附能力，对 MB 和 MO 的去除率分别达到 81.3% 和 77.1%。实际应用的潜在优势在于它对 MB 和 MO 混合溶液的高选择性吸附能力。具体来说，在 pH 值为 4 时，MO 会优先被吸附，而在 pH 值为 8 时，MB 会优先被吸附。此外，还利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和 XPS 探索了 AMNP/LS-PEI 对染料的吸附机理，发现主要归因于静电作用、氢键作用和阳离子交换。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal behavior, flame retardant and rheological properties of low density polyethylene filled with slag 填充矿渣的低密度聚乙烯的热行为、阻燃性和流变特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01371-0

Xin Yan, Yuying Zhou, Shangbin Mao, Yujian Chen, Chen Liu, Hao Wu, Hu Wang, He-xin Zhang, Jian-ming Yang, Keun-Byoung Yoon

In recent years, the massive discharge and irrational accumulation of slag have led to the waste of land resources and serious environmental pollution problems. In this work, to explore the potential applications of slag, it was modified with silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) to improve its compatibility with polymer matrix. A series of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/modified slag (MS) composites were prepared using melt blending method. The results showed that the introduction of MS significantly improved the thermal and mechanical properties of LDPE in comparison to those of its pure form. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and T_d5% of the LDPE/MS composites with 40 wt% MS content were enhanced by 58%, 113%, and 19.9 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, dynamic rheological analysis revealed that a higher MS filler content resulted in a higher restriction on the movement of the LDPE molecular chains. The application of slag in LDPE provides a feasible method of recycling slag and promoting sustainable development.

Graphical abstract

近年来，矿渣的大量排放和不合理堆积导致了土地资源的浪费和严重的环境污染问题。在这项工作中，为了探索矿渣的潜在应用，用硅烷偶联剂 3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）对其进行改性，以提高其与聚合物基体的相容性。采用熔融混合法制备了一系列低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）/改性矿渣（MS）复合材料。结果表明，与纯低密度聚乙烯相比，改性矿渣的引入明显改善了低密度聚乙烯的热性能和机械性能。MS 含量为 40 wt% 的 LDPE/MS 复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和 Td5% 分别提高了 58%、113% 和 19.9 ℃。此外，动态流变分析表明，MS 填料含量越高，对 LDPE 分子链运动的限制越大。炉渣在低密度聚乙烯中的应用为回收炉渣和促进可持续发展提供了一种可行的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) treated jute/manila hemp epoxy-based hybrid composites for enhanced structural performance 经丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯 (ASA) 处理的黄麻/马尼拉麻环氧基混合复合材料可提高结构性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01378-7

Mukesh Kumar Nag

The efficacy of a 3% ASA copolymer is examined in augmenting the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites. The batching process, which includes softening, lubricating, and conditioning, is applied in fibers, such as woven jute and non-woven manila hemp. This process is employed in the development of woven jute/epoxy, non-woven manila hemp/epoxy, and combined woven jute/non-woven manila hemp/epoxy composites to investigate their impact on their mechanical characteristics. Through various characterization methods, it was found that significant enhancements were observed in hybrid composites, particularly in the woven jute/non-woven manila hemp/epoxy composite. These enhancements include a maximum tensile strength of 52 MPa, a tensile modulus of 1.67 GPa, an impact strength of 9.6 kJ/m², and a flexural strength of 90 MPa. The observed improvements are attributed to the influence of a hard chain copolymer, with a glass transition temperature of 25.05 °C determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves. Fiber surface treatment using a semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization method significantly impacts properties, enhancing fiber–matrix adhesion and mechanical performance, resulting in a 14% increase in both tensile and flexural modulus compared to untreated composites. Analytical techniques such as emulsion particle-size measurements using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and SEM further support these findings.

摘要研究了 3% ASA 共聚物在增强天然纤维复合材料机械性能方面的功效。配料工艺包括软化、润滑和调理，适用于纤维，如编织黄麻和无纺马尼拉麻。在开发黄麻/环氧树脂、马尼拉麻/环氧树脂无纺布以及黄麻/马尼拉麻/环氧树脂无纺布复合材料时采用了这一工艺，以研究它们对其机械特性的影响。通过各种表征方法发现，混合复合材料的机械性能显著提高，尤其是在黄麻/无纺马尼拉麻/环氧树脂复合材料中。这些增强包括 52 兆帕的最大拉伸强度、1.67 GPa 的拉伸模量、9.6 kJ/m2 的冲击强度和 90 兆帕的弯曲强度。观察到的改进归因于硬链共聚物的影响，根据差示扫描量热法（DSC）曲线测定，硬链共聚物的玻璃化转变温度为 25.05 °C。采用半连续种子乳液聚合法进行的纤维表面处理对性能产生了显著影响，增强了纤维与基体的粘附性和机械性能，与未经处理的复合材料相比，拉伸和弯曲模量均提高了 14%。使用动态光散射（DLS）和扫描电镜测量乳液粒度等分析技术进一步证实了这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization and statistical analysis on mechanical, thermal, wear and water-absorption characteristics of fragrant screwpine fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposites 芳香螺松纤维增强聚合物生物复合材料机械、热、磨损和吸水特性的优化与统计分析

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01377-8

Ananth Rajkumar, Martin Thangaraj Gerald Arul Selvan, Victor Neto, Ramasamy Satheesh Raja, Joseph Selvi Binoj, Brailson Mansingh Bright

A novel biocomposite material has been developed by reinforcing indigenous natural fragrant screwpine (FSP) fiber with polyester resin. Different sets of biocomposite materials are prepared using untreated and chemically treated (3%, 5%, 7% and 9% by weight of NaOH and sodium lauryl sulfate) FSP fibers for different concentration, time (1 h and 3 h) and fiber lengths (3 mm and 9 mm). The tensile, flexural and impact strength of the developed composites samples were studied and optimized through Design of Experiments (DOE). The NaOH (3% for 3 h) treated 9 mm fiber length FSP fibers reinforced polymer composite (FSPFRPC) shows a better tensile (53.17 MPa), flexural (65.84) and impact (21 J/m) strength than the untreated and other chemically treated FSP polymer composites. The strong bonding of the modified augmentation material with the matrix was analyzed from the sample images obtained from scanning electron microscopy. The DOE has been also employed to provide mathematical equation for optimization purpose. The heat resilience of the FSPFRPC samples was interrogated through thermogravimetric—derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) to appreciate its performance under higher ambient temperature conditions which is revealed as 192 °C. The pin-on-disk experimentation helped to understand the wear behavior of the composite samples with minimum mass loss of 0.125 g. The water-absorption analysis performed on the composite samples revealed its behavior under humid conditions.

Graphical abstract

通过用聚酯树脂增强本地天然香螺丝松（FSP）纤维，开发出了一种新型生物复合材料。在不同浓度、时间（1 小时和 3 小时）和纤维长度（3 毫米和 9 毫米）下，使用未经处理和化学处理（3%、5%、7% 和 9% 的 NaOH 和十二烷基硫酸钠（重量百分比））的 FSP 纤维制备了不同的生物复合材料。通过实验设计（DOE）对所开发复合材料样品的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度进行了研究和优化。经 NaOH（3%，3 小时）处理的 9 毫米纤维长度 FSP 纤维增强聚合物复合材料（FSPFRPC）的拉伸强度（53.17 兆帕）、弯曲强度（65.84）和冲击强度（21 焦耳/米）均优于未经处理和其他化学处理的 FSP 聚合物复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜获得的样品图像分析了改性增强材料与基体的牢固结合。此外，还采用 DOE 方法提供了用于优化的数学方程。通过热重-衍生热重分析（TGA-DTG）检测了 FSPFRPC 样品的热回弹性，以了解其在较高环境温度条件下的性能，结果显示为 192 °C。对复合材料样品进行的吸水分析表明了其在潮湿条件下的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Benzothiazole-based poly(phenoxy-imine)s containing ethoxy and methoxy units: synthesis, thermal and optical properties 含有乙氧基和甲氧基单元的苯并噻唑基聚（苯氧基亚胺）：合成、热学和光学特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01376-9

İsmet Kaya, Emin Dinçer, Hatice Karaer Yağmur

Schiff bases (S1 and S2) were synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-amino-6-ethoxybenzothiazole with 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-4-ethoxybenzaldehyde. P-S1-A and P-S2-A poly(phenoxy-imine)s, and P-S1-O and P-S2-O poly(phenoxy-imine)s were synthesized through oxidative polycondensation (P) of S1 and S2 by NaOCl oxidant in alkaline (A) solution (10% KOH aquation solution) and by H₂O₂ (35% aquation solution) in THF organic (O) medium, respectively. The structures of the Schiff bases and poly(phenoxy-imine)s were characterized by FTIR, NMR, UV–Vis and TG/DTA investigations. The limit oxygen index (LOI) and heat-resistance index temperature (T_HRI) values were determined from thermogravimetric analysis data of compounds. The LOI values of poly(phenoxy-imine)s were between 21.16 and 33.87. The molecular weight distributions and glass transition temperatures of poly(phenoxy-imine)s were determined from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and DSC, respectively. The M_n values of P-S1-O, P-S1-A, P-S2-O and P-S2-A were found to be 5800, 15500, 5600 and 9400 Da, respectively. Moreover, the polymerization degree (DP) values of P-S1-O, P-S1-A, P-S2-O and P-S2-A were calculated to be 18, 16, 47 and 28, respectively. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of P-S1-O, P-S1-A, S2, P-S2-O and P-S2-A were calculated from DSC curves at 115, 111, 102 and 128 °C, respectively. The surface images of poly(phenoxy-imine)s were determined with SEM analysis. The optical bandgap values of Schiff bases and poly(phenoxy-imine)s were calculated from UV–Vis measurements. The optical bandgap value of P-S2-A was calculated to be 1.95 eV.

Graphical abstract

希夫碱（S1 和 S2）是由 2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑与 3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛和 3-羟基-4-乙氧基苯甲醛的缩合反应合成的。在碱性（A）溶液（10% KOH 水溶液）中用 NaOCl 氧化剂和在 THF 有机（O）介质中用 H2O2（35% 水溶液）氧化缩聚（P）S1 和 S2，分别合成了 P-S1-A 和 P-S2-A 聚（苯氧基亚胺）以及 P-S1-O 和 P-S2-O 聚（苯氧基亚胺）。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振成像（NMR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）和 TG/DTA 研究确定了希夫碱和聚苯氧基亚胺的结构。根据化合物的热重分析数据确定了极限氧指数（LOI）和耐热指数温度（THRI）值。聚（苯氧基亚胺）的 LOI 值介于 21.16 和 33.87 之间。聚（苯氧基亚胺）的分子量分布和玻璃化转变温度分别由凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）和 DSC 测定。发现 P-S1-O、P-S1-A、P-S2-O 和 P-S2-A 的 Mn 值分别为 5800、15500、5600 和 9400 Da。此外，P-S1-O、P-S1-A、P-S2-O 和 P-S2-A 的聚合度（DP）值分别为 18、16、47 和 28。根据 DSC 曲线计算出 P-S1-O、P-S1-A、S2、P-S2-O 和 P-S2-A 的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）分别为 115、111、102 和 128 ℃。聚（苯氧基亚胺）的表面图像是通过 SEM 分析测定的。希夫碱和聚(苯氧基-亚胺)的光带隙值是通过紫外-可见测量计算得出的。计算得出 P-S2-A 的光带隙值为 1.95 eV。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of 3s-PLA/CS/nHA drug-loaded composites by supercritical carbon dioxide technology 利用超临界二氧化碳技术制备 3s-PLA/CS/nHA 药物负载复合材料并确定其特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01373-y

Guoqian Yang, Mengmeng Liu, Yingfeng Su, Chi Yu

Amidst the relentless innovation in materials science and bone tissue engineering, the quest for next-generation bone graft materials with bespoke functionalities has emerged as a pivotal research domain. This study produced and characterized a novel bone healing material. First, we explained how three-armed polylactic acid (3s-PLA) was created in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) and utilized as a matrix material. Following that, we described how the solution blending approach was employed to create three-armed polylactic acid/chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite (3s-PLA/CS/nHA) composites. The composites were then drug-loaded with prednisone acetate as a model drug utilizing the supercritical impregnation technique. Ultimately, the Ritger-Peppas model was substantially followed by the drug release of the drug-loaded composites when the in vitro drug-release kinetics of the drug-loaded materials were investigated. The porous structure of 3s-PLA was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectroscopy. Morphologic studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the homogeneous distribution of drug in the matrix of the mixtures as well as the porous structure of 3s-PLA and 3s-PLA/CS/nHA. The hydrophilicity of 3s-PLA/CS/nHA was examined by the use of water contact angle (WCA), revealing that the material in question has a hydrophilic water contact angle of 45.69°. Furthermore, research was conducted using one-way tests and investigations to characterize in vitro drug-release carrier materials under various drug conditions and temperatures. The carrier material consistently released up to 84.8% of prednisone acetate over the course of 72 h, demonstrating good control over prolonged release, according to the results.

Graphical abstract

随着材料科学和骨组织工程领域的不断创新，寻求具有定制功能的下一代骨移植材料已成为一个关键的研究领域。本研究制作了一种新型骨愈合材料，并对其进行了表征。首先，我们解释了如何在超临界二氧化碳（ScCO2）中生成三臂聚乳酸（3s-PLA）并将其用作基质材料。随后，我们介绍了如何采用溶液混合法制造三臂聚乳酸/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石（3s-PLA/CS/nHA）复合材料。然后利用超临界浸渍技术将醋酸泼尼松作为模型药物载入复合材料。最终，在对药物负载复合材料的体外药物释放动力学进行研究时，药物负载复合材料的药物释放在很大程度上遵循了 Ritger-Peppas 模型。差示扫描量热法（DSC）、傅立叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和核磁共振氢谱法证明了 3s-PLA 的多孔结构。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行的形态学研究显示，药物在混合物基质中分布均匀，3s-PLA 和 3s-PLA/CS/nHA 具有多孔结构。利用水接触角（WCA）检测了 3s-PLA/CS/nHA 的亲水性，结果显示该材料的亲水接触角为 45.69°。此外，研究人员还利用单向测试和调查，在各种药物条件和温度下对体外药物释放载体材料进行了表征。结果表明，该载体材料在 72 小时内持续释放了高达 84.8% 的醋酸泼尼松，显示出对延长释放时间的良好控制。

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引用次数: 0