Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第4页

Pore size-adjustable carboxymethyl cellulose aerogels: effect of substitution degree and TEOS/anhydrous ethanol ratio 孔径可调羧甲基纤维素气凝胶：取代度和TEOS/无水乙醇比的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01507-w

Liyun Sun, Danfeng Du, Zexin Liu, Zhisong Han, Chaowei Sun, Xiurong Guo, Yanlin Zhang, Qihui Zhu

Cellulose aerogels have advantages in cost and sustainability. However, it is challenging to alter the single pore size of the majority of cellulose aerogels. The study employed a cost-effective and straightforward ambient pressure drying technique to produce anAl/Si-doped carboxymethyl cellulose composite aerogel characterized by a diverse range of pore sizes. The creation of aerogel pores just encompasses the drying process subsequent to solvent displacement, without any additional leaching procedures being employed. To achieve samples characterized by reduced density and volume shrinkage, the samples with varying substitution degrees of carboxymethyl cellulose and tetraethoxysilane concentrations were prepared. And the study investigated the impact of substitution degrees CMC II, CMC IV, and tetraethoxysilane concentrations on pore size and elucidated the underlying mechanism of microstructure creation. Besides, the result showed that the sample containing the substitution degree CMC II has a greater pore diameter than the sample containing the substitution degree CMC IV. The pore diameters of CMC II and CMC IV samples are at their minimum when the concentration of TEOS is 40%; their respective average pore sizes are 135.26 and 33.37 nm. The research conducted in this work aims to offer valuable insights for the establishment of guidelines pertaining to the control and regulation of pore size in aerogels and to propose a potential method for controlling the distribution of pore sizes, hence enabling the utilization of aerogel in various applications such as sound absorption.

Graphical abstract

纤维素气凝胶在成本和可持续性方面具有优势。然而，改变大多数纤维素气凝胶的单孔大小是具有挑战性的。该研究采用了一种成本效益高且直接的环境压力干燥技术来生产具有不同孔径范围的anAl/ si掺杂羧甲基纤维素复合气凝胶。气凝胶孔隙的形成仅仅包括溶剂置换后的干燥过程，而不需要任何额外的浸出过程。为了获得具有降低密度和体积收缩特性的样品，制备了不同取代度的羧甲基纤维素和四乙氧基硅烷浓度的样品。研究了取代度CMC II、CMC IV和四乙氧基硅烷浓度对孔隙大小的影响，并阐明了微观结构形成的潜在机制。此外，结果表明，取代度为CMC II的样品比取代度为CMC IV的样品具有更大的孔径，当TEOS浓度为40%时，CMC II和CMC IV样品的孔径最小；其平均孔径分别为135.26 nm和33.37 nm。本研究旨在为建立气凝胶中孔径的控制和调节指南提供有价值的见解，并提出一种控制孔径分布的潜在方法，从而使气凝胶在诸如吸声等各种应用中得到利用。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication of composite gradient scaffold of PCL/silk fibroin/collagen for urethral tissue engineering 尿道组织工程用PCL/丝素/胶原梯度复合支架的设计与制备

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01505-y

Zahra Kazemizadeh, Zahra-Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini, Mohammad Naji, Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi, Soheil Kianirad, Rasool Setareyi, Elham Ansari

Urethral stenosis is a common urinary system medical condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. Tissue engineering is one of the proposed methods for treating this condition, with the primary aim of designing and creating a tissue structure to repair urethral damage. In this work, we designed a tubular tissue engineering scaffold featuring a composite gradient of polymers, taking inspiration from native tissue. To achieve this, collagen and silk fibroin were extracted, and their chemical structures were confirmed using FTIR. Subsequently, a two-nozzle electrospinning device was utilized to fabricate scaffolds composed of PCL, collagen, and silk fibroin (PCSFG). A composite gradient scaffold was created by changing the flow rate of silk fibroin. The average fiber diameter of PCSFG measured 217 ± 8 nm. The scaffold exhibited an approximately 8.85% degradation after 30 days. The ultimate tensile strength of the gradient scaffold was 5.56 MPa, within the elastic zone. Cell viability on days 7 was higher in the gradient scaffold than the other scaffolds. Furthermore, PI staining of the cultured cells on both the inner and outer layers of the PCSFG tubular scaffold demonstrated cell growth, proliferation, and infiltration from the inner to the outer layer and vice versa. Consequently, this gradient scaffold holds promise as an option for urethral tissue engineering.

尿道狭窄是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，严重影响生活质量。组织工程是治疗这种疾病的建议方法之一，其主要目的是设计和创造一个组织结构来修复尿道损伤。在这项工作中，我们从天然组织中获得灵感，设计了一个具有聚合物复合梯度的管状组织工程支架。为此，提取了胶原蛋白和丝素蛋白，并用FTIR对其化学结构进行了鉴定。随后，利用双喷嘴静电纺丝装置制备PCL、胶原蛋白和丝素蛋白（PCSFG）组成的支架。通过改变丝素蛋白的流速，制备了复合梯度支架。PCSFG的平均纤维直径为217±8 nm。30天后，支架的降解率约为8.85%。梯度支架的极限抗拉强度为5.56 MPa，处于弹性范围内。第7天，梯度支架的细胞活力高于其他支架。此外，对PCSFG管状支架内层和外层的培养细胞进行PI染色，显示细胞从内层向外层生长、增殖和浸润，反之亦然。因此，这种梯度支架有望成为尿道组织工程的一种选择。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical, structural, and statistical analysis of SiC-reinforced short jute fiber/epoxy composites under hydrothermal aging 水热老化下sic增强短黄麻/环氧复合材料的力学、结构及统计分析

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01496-w

Alok Behera, Janaki Dehury, Ramani Ranjan Dilla, Sourav Kumar Mahapatra

This work examined the effects of accelerated hydrothermal aging and different SiC filler concentrations on jute–epoxy composites structural, mechanical, and physical properties. Maintaining jute fiber at 10 wt% while altering the SiC filler percentage, four jute–SiC (JS) hybrid composites (JS-0%, JS-5%, JS-10%, and JS-15%) were fabricated using the hand-lay-up technique. The void fraction ranged from 1 to 4%, with the highest void content observed in the JS-15% composite. Water absorption followed Fick’s two-stage model, increasing with higher SiC filler content, though early moisture absorption showed some deviations. The tensile strength increased linearly with filler addition, with JS-15% achieving a maximum of 43 ± 5 MPa, a 54% improvement over the neat epoxy. Hydrothermal aging led to a 5% reduction in the neat epoxy’s tensile strength, while the jute–SiC hybrid composites exhibited a 10–15% reduction due to interfacial de-bonding. The flexural strength increased with SiC filler, peaking at 36 MPa for JS-15%. Aged specimens showed a 10–12.5% reduction in flexural strength, with the JS-10% composite exhibiting the highest loss of 12.5%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that filler volume and aging had a minimal impact on the composite’s thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of failed specimens revealed predominant delamination and fiber failure under tensile loading, whereas inter-laminar shear failure dominated under flexural loading. ANOVA results highlighted significant differences in mechanical properties among the composites, with Tukey’s HSD analysis providing detailed insights into variations in water absorption, swelling, and tensile and flexural strengths. These findings contribute to developing lightweight, environmentally friendly composites with enhanced mechanical performance for various structural applications.

Graphical abstract

研究了加速水热老化和不同SiC填料浓度对黄麻-环氧复合材料结构、力学和物理性能的影响。在保持黄麻纤维重量为10 wt%的同时，改变SiC填料的百分比，采用手工铺层技术制备了4种黄麻- SiC （JS）杂化复合材料（JS-0%、JS-5%、JS-10%和JS-15%）。孔隙率范围为1 ~ 4%，其中JS-15%复合材料的孔隙率最高。吸水率遵循Fick的两阶段模型，随着SiC填料含量的增加而增加，但早期吸水率有一定偏差。随着填料的加入，抗拉强度呈线性增加，其中JS-15%达到最大值43±5 MPa，比纯环氧树脂提高54%。水热老化导致纯环氧树脂的拉伸强度降低5%，而黄麻-碳化硅杂化复合材料由于界面脱键导致拉伸强度降低10-15%。SiC掺量增加了材料的抗折强度，当掺量为JS-15%时，抗折强度达到了36 MPa。老化试件的抗弯强度降低了10-12.5%，其中JS-10%复合材料的抗弯强度损失最大，达到12.5%。热重分析（TGA）表明，填料体积和时效对复合材料的热稳定性影响最小。破坏试样的扫描电镜（SEM）显示，拉伸荷载下主要是分层和纤维破坏，而弯曲荷载下主要是层间剪切破坏。方差分析结果突出了复合材料力学性能的显著差异，Tukey的HSD分析提供了详细的吸水率、膨胀率、拉伸和弯曲强度的变化。这些发现有助于开发轻质、环保的复合材料，提高各种结构应用的机械性能。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of cationic starch flocculants by etherification, esterification and grafting approach for removal of textile dyes 用醚化、酯化和接枝法制备阳离子淀粉絮凝剂脱除纺织染料

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01503-0

Hao Zhang, Shuchen Cao, Rui Zhang, Jiaqian Li, Yang Ding, Haitao Wang, Xiaoxu Zhao, Na Chang

In this study, the target product, DMSt-g-DMDAAC, was successfully synthesized via esterification, etherification, and grafting reactions, using corn starch (St) and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as raw materials. To further explore the mechanism underlying the influence of various reaction conditions on the performance of DMSt-g-DMDAAC, the key parameters of the etherification, esterification, and grafting reactions, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and reagent dosage, were systematically investigated. The flocculation tests demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of Direct Lake Blue 5B, Acid Light Yellow G, and Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR by DMSt-g-DMDAAC were 93%, 86.4% and 80.4%, respectively. Moreover, DMSt-g-DMDAAC exhibited a wide flocculation window and could maintain satisfactory flocculation performance within a broad pH range (4–10). Finally, the flocculation effect of DMSt-g-DMDAAC in combination with PAC on the flocculated dyes was examined. When the dosage of PAC was 100 mg/L and that of DMSt-g-DMDAAC was 30 mg/L, the removal rates of Disperse Red FB, Disperse Yellow 2G-FL, and Disperse Blue E-4R reached 84.5%, 88.3% and 84.4%, respectively. In summary, this novel graft copolymer is an excellent flocculant that holds great potential for further industrial applications and offers valuable research insights for the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater both at home and abroad.

Graphical abstract

本研究以玉米淀粉（St）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为原料，经酯化、醚化和接枝反应成功合成了目标产物DMSt-g-DMDAAC。为进一步探讨不同反应条件对DMSt-g-DMDAAC性能影响的机理，系统考察了醚化、酯化和接枝反应的关键参数，如反应温度、反应时间、试剂用量等。絮凝试验表明，DMSt-g-DMDAAC对直接湖蓝5B、酸性浅黄G和活性艳蓝X-BR的去除率分别为93%、86.4%和80.4%。此外，DMSt-g-DMDAAC具有较宽的絮凝窗口，在较宽的pH范围内（4-10）均能保持满意的絮凝性能。最后考察了DMSt-g-DMDAAC与PAC对絮凝染料的絮凝效果。当PAC投加量为100 mg/L， DMSt-g-DMDAAC投加量为30 mg/L时，分散红FB、分散黄2G-FL、分散蓝E-4R的去除率分别为84.5%、88.3%和84.4%。总之，这种新型接枝共聚物是一种优良的絮凝剂，具有很大的工业应用潜力，为国内外印染废水的处理提供了有价值的研究见解。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Load- and time-dependent three-body abrasive wear in short carbon fiber- and cenosphere-reinforced polymer composites using machine learning approach 基于机器学习方法的短碳纤维和微球增强聚合物复合材料载荷和时间相关三体磨料磨损研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01495-x

Vishwas Mahesh, Vinyas Mahesh, Sharnappa Joladarashi, N. Madhu, T. U. Manoj, D. Meghana, K. V. Sinchana

This study investigates the load and time-dependent three-body abrasive wear behavior and surface morphology of polymer composites reinforced with varying proportions of short carbon fiber (Cr) and cenosphere (C) inclusions. Composites with different Cr and C reinforcements—Cr0C0, Cr0C20, Cr20C0, Cr15C5, Cr10C10 and Cr5C15—were subjected to wear tests under loads of 20, 30, and 40 N over exposure times of 5, 10, and 15 min. Mass loss and specific wear rate were evaluated to understand the influence of reinforcement composition and test parameters on wear performance. Surface morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed distinct wear mechanisms across composites. The Cr10C10 and Cr15C5 composites demonstrated the lowest specific wear rates of 9.42 × 10^–9 and 8.67 × 10^–9 m³/Nm, respectively, under a 40 N load at 10 and 15 min, correlating with smoother worn surfaces and fewer micro-cracks. In contrast, the Cr0C20 composite displayed the highest specific wear rate (5.14 × 10^–8 m³/Nm) at a 40 N load for 5 min, with SEM images showing more extensive matrix erosion and cenosphere pull-out. The inclusion of cenospheres at higher ratios increased mass loss, especially in high-load conditions, while balanced Cr–C reinforcements (e.g., Cr15C5 and Cr10C10) provided enhanced abrasion resistance and minimized surface damage. These findings underscore the potential for optimizing Cr and C inclusion ratios to develop wear-resistant polymer composites suitable for demanding structural applications.

Graphical abstract

本研究研究了不同比例的短碳纤维（Cr）和空心球(C)夹杂物增强聚合物复合材料的载荷和时间相关的三体磨料磨损行为和表面形貌。采用cr0c0、Cr0C20、Cr20C0、Cr15C5、Cr10C10和cr5c15等不同Cr和C增强的复合材料，分别在20、30和40 N的载荷下进行磨损试验，暴露时间分别为5、10和15 min。评估了质量损失和比磨损率，以了解增强成分和试验参数对磨损性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料表面形貌进行了研究，揭示了复合材料不同的磨损机制。Cr10C10和Cr15C5复合材料在40 N载荷作用下10和15 min的比磨损率最低，分别为9.42 × 10 - 9和8.67 × 10 - 9 m3/Nm，磨损表面光滑，微裂纹较少。相比之下，Cr0C20复合材料在40 N载荷作用5 min时表现出最高的比磨损率（5.14 × 10-8 m3/Nm）， SEM图像显示出更广泛的基体侵蚀和空心球脱落。在高负载条件下，高比例的微球增加了质量损失，而平衡的Cr-C增强剂（如Cr15C5和Cr10C10）提供了增强的耐磨性和最小的表面损伤。这些发现强调了优化Cr和C夹杂比以开发适合苛刻结构应用的耐磨聚合物复合材料的潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Graphene-based nanofillers and compatibilizers: their influences on thermal and thermomechanical properties of PBT/PET nanocomposites 石墨烯基纳米填料和增容剂对PBT/PET纳米复合材料热力学性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01498-8

Muhammad Akmal Ahmad Saidi, Jau Choy Lai, Azman Hassan, Mat Uzir Wahit, Hazleen Anuar

This study examines the thermal and thermomechanical properties of polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate (PBT/PET) nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and graphene oxide (GO), and compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) and maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that PBT/PET blends were miscible in the amorphous region (single T_g) and separated in the crystalline region (double T_m). DSC results indicated increased crystallinity (X_c) in the nanocomposites due to the nucleating effect of the nanofillers, which were dispersed in both PBT and PET phases. However, the addition of compatibilizers slightly reduced the total X_c of the nanocomposites. This reduction is attributed to the interactions between compatibilizers, nanofillers, and the matrix, which restricted chain movement hence, decreasing the crystallinity. Significant enhancements in heat deflection temperature (HDT) were observed relative to the blend, regardless of the compatibilizers used. The maximum HDT was achieved at 1.5 phr for both GNP and GO nanocomposites, with an increase of 41% and 30%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that GNP nanocomposites exhibited maximum 179% higher storage modulus at 30 °C, while GO nanocomposites showed a significant increase by maximum 183%. GNP nanocomposites exhibited a lower tan δ compared to GO nanocomposites, reflecting higher stiffness and restricted chain mobility. It can be concluded that the addition of PP-g-MA enhances stiffness, while SEBS-g-MA improves energy dissipation in PBT/PET nanocomposites reinforced with GNP and GO. These findings highlight their potential applications in industries needing materials with good thermal stability and thermo-mechanical properties.

Graphical Abstract

本研究考察了以石墨烯纳米片（GNP）和氧化石墨烯（GO）增强，并与马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MA）和马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯（SEBS-g-MA）增容的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBT/PET）纳米复合材料的热力学性能。差示扫描量热法（DSC）表明，PBT/PET共混物在非晶区（单Tg）可混溶，在结晶区（双Tm）可分离。DSC结果表明，由于纳米填料的成核作用，纳米复合材料的结晶度（Xc）增加，纳米填料分散在PBT和PET相中。然而，增容剂的加入略微降低了纳米复合材料的总Xc。这种降低是由于相容剂、纳米填料和基体之间的相互作用，限制了链的运动，从而降低了结晶度。无论使用何种增容剂，相对于共混物，热偏转温度（HDT）显著增强。GNP和氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料在1.5 phr时达到最大HDT，分别增加41%和30%。动态力学分析（DMA）表明，GNP纳米复合材料在30°C下的存储模量最高提高了179%，而GO纳米复合材料的存储模量最高提高了183%。与氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料相比，GNP纳米复合材料表现出更低的tan δ，反映出更高的刚度和受限的链迁移率。结果表明，添加PP-g-MA可以增强PBT/PET纳米复合材料的刚度，而添加SEBS-g-MA可以改善PBT/PET纳米复合材料的能量耗散。这些发现突出了它们在需要具有良好热稳定性和热机械性能的材料的工业中的潜在应用。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Linear and non-linear rheology of high molecular weight polyethylene filled withFe2O3-treated graphene nanofiller fe2o3处理的石墨烯纳米填料填充高分子量聚乙烯的线性和非线性流变性

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01492-0

Saeed Nasseryan, Ismail Ghasemi, Foroud Abbassi-Sourki

This paper aims at studying linear and non-linear rheology of neat high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) and HMWPE filled with 2wt% magnetic graphene oxide nanofiller (GnPmFe₂O₃). GnPmFe₂O₃ was synthesized and characterized using FTIR analysis. The presence of Fe–O bonds and α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite) on the surface of GnPs was verified by distinct peaks. Nanocomposites of HMWPE/GnPmFe₂O₃ were prepared through melt mixing of 0, 1, 2, and 4wt% of GnPmFe₂O₃ nanoparticles and HMWPE. The prepared nanocomposites were sheeted at 200°C using a hot press in a magnetic field resulting in aligning the GnPmFe₂O₃ in HMWPE. The linear rheology indicated solid-like moduli at low frequencies with no terminal zone for HMWPE and 2wt% HMWPE/GnPmFe₂O₃and lower moduli for HMWPE/GnPmFe₂O₃. The complex viscosity displayed similar shear thinning trend, however, the consistency indexes were quite different with a higher value for HMWPE. Both samples showed a wide range of relaxation times. Most of the molecules relaxed within 100s after removing the shear, however, a part of molecules needed longer times. The start-up experiments at various shear rates indicated further viscous behavior at low shear rates and more elastic one at high shear rates for both samples. The height of stress overshoots for HMWPE/GnPmFe₂O₃ was pretty lower than that of HMWPE. Applying a constant shear rate followed by the flow cessation and various rest times resulted in decreasing the height of stress overshoots with rest time for both samples. The results of flow reversal experiment after various rest times indicated higher stress overshoot for shorter times for both materials.

Graphical Abstract

研究了纯高分子量聚乙烯（HMWPE）和填充2wt%磁性氧化石墨烯纳米填料（GnPmFe2O3）的线性和非线性流变性能。合成了GnPmFe2O3，并用FTIR对其进行了表征。GnPs表面存在Fe-O键和α-Fe2O3（赤铁矿）。通过添加0、1、2、4wt%的GnPmFe2O3纳米粒子与HMWPE熔融混合，制备了HMWPE/GnPmFe2O3纳米复合材料。制备的纳米复合材料在200°C下用热压机在磁场中使GnPmFe2O3在HMWPE中对齐。线性流变学表明，HMWPE和2wt% HMWPE/GnPmFe2O3在低频时模量呈固体状，无末端区，HMWPE/GnPmFe2O3模量较低。复合粘度表现出相似的剪切减薄趋势，但稠度指标差异较大，HMWPE的稠度值较高。两种样品都显示出大范围的松弛时间。去除剪切后，大部分分子在100s内松弛，但部分分子需要更长的时间。在不同剪切速率下的启动实验表明，两种样品在低剪切速率下具有进一步的粘性行为，在高剪切速率下具有更强的弹性行为。HMWPE/GnPmFe2O3的应力超调高度明显低于HMWPE。施加恒定的剪切速率，然后停止流动和不同的休息时间，导致两个样品的应力超调高度随休息时间而降低。不同休息时间后的流动逆转实验结果表明，两种材料在较短的休息时间内均具有较高的应力超调。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Influence of ophthalmic lens waste in natural rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber composites: a sustainable approach with powder and fibers 天然橡胶和丁苯橡胶复合材料中眼晶状体废物的影响：粉末和纤维的可持续方法

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01494-y

Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe, Gabriel Deltrejo Ribeiro, Samara Araújo Kawall, Márcia Ferreira Hiranobe, Dener da Silva Souza, Guilherme Henrique Barros de Souza, Elmer Mateus Gennaro, Michael Jones da Silva, Leandro Ferreira Pinto, Aldo Eloizo Job, Renivaldo José dos Santos

The growing global demand for eyeglasses has led to a substantial increase in the production of ophthalmic lenses, which are predominantly composed of polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This growth generates considerable volumes of waste during the lens cutting and shaping processes, which, due to their polymeric composition and low biodegradability, are often discarded as non-recyclable waste. This study explores the feasibility of reusing this ophthalmic lens waste (OLW), in the form of powder and fibers, as a filler material in natural rubber (NR), styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), and their blends. The composites were evaluated in terms of their rheological, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results revealed that the incorporation of residues does not significantly alter the rheological properties of the composites, maintaining a consistent curing time. Although the powder increased the cross-link density, this effect was not sufficient to generate effective reinforcement, resulting in lower tensile strength, but with good thermal stability. The waste fibers exhibited lower dispersion and reinforcement capability. The NR and SBR blends demonstrated a synergistic behavior, combining the beneficial characteristics of both rubbers. In summary, the use of ophthalmic lens waste, especially in powder form, proved to be a promising strategy for producing more sustainable rubber composites, promoting the reuse of industrial waste and the development of materials with higher added value.

Graphical abstract

全球对眼镜的需求不断增长，导致眼科镜片的生产大幅增加，这些镜片主要由聚碳酸酯（PC）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）组成。这种增长在镜片切割和成型过程中产生了相当数量的废物，由于其聚合物成分和低生物降解性，这些废物通常被作为不可回收的废物丢弃。本研究探讨了将这种眼晶状体废物（OLW）以粉末和纤维的形式作为天然橡胶（NR）、丁苯橡胶（SBR）及其共混物的填充材料的可行性。对复合材料的流变、形态、力学和热性能进行了评价。结果表明，剩余物的掺入不会显著改变复合材料的流变特性，保持一致的固化时间。粉末虽然增加了交联密度，但这种作用不足以产生有效的补强，导致抗拉强度降低，但具有良好的热稳定性。废纤维的分散性和增强性较差。NR和SBR共混物表现出协同作用，结合了两种橡胶的有益特性。综上所述，利用眼晶状体废料，特别是粉末形式的废料，是生产更具可持续性的橡胶复合材料、促进工业废料的再利用和开发高附加值材料的一种很有前途的策略。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Development of bacterial cellulose-based nanocomposites incorporated with lignin and MgO as a novel antimicrobial wound-dressing material 木质素与氧化石墨烯复合细菌纤维素基纳米复合材料的研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01491-1

Poonam Sharma, Mahak Mittal, Ritu Sharma, Anita Yadav, Neeraj K. Aggarwal

The utilization of bacterial cellulose (BC) as wound-dressing material is an attractive alternative due to its unique characteristics, such as its biocompatibility, high water-holding capacity (WHC), and significant mechanical properties. In the current work, a novel antimicrobial wound-dressing material made from BC–lignin–MgO nanocomposite has been proposed, which has not yet been reported, to the best of our knowledge. For this, BC (control) and BC–lignin were produced by Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. After that, BC–lignin–MgO nanocomposites were synthesized by employing in-situ co-precipitation wet chemical method. For this, lignin was extracted from rice straw using the alkali treatment method. All the samples were characterized and compared with each other on the basis of morphological, thermal, mechanical, WHC, and antimicrobial behavior. The formation of nanocomposites was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of lignin and MgO in the nanofibrillar BC network; X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to investigate the effects on crystallinity. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the reduced thermostability of nanocomposites as compared to control, but it was still sufficiently thermostable. The nanocomposite possessed strong mechanical properties and high WHC, though they showed a slight decrease in tensile strength and WHC, as compared to control. BC–lignin–MgO nanocomposite exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, such as E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Thus, the proposed BC–lignin–MgO nanocomposite owned the desirable characteristics, which made it a potential wound-dressing material.

Graphical Abstract

细菌纤维素（BC）由于其独特的特性，如生物相容性、高保水能力（WHC）和显著的力学性能，是一种有吸引力的替代材料。在目前的工作中，我们提出了一种由bc -木质素- mgo纳米复合材料制成的新型抗菌伤口敷料，据我们所知，该材料尚未被报道。为此，以红布糖醋杆菌为对照菌产生BC和BC -木质素。然后，采用原位共沉淀法湿化学法制备bc -木质素- mgo纳米复合材料。为此，采用碱法从稻草中提取木质素。对所有样品进行了形态、热、力学、WHC和抗菌性能的表征和比较。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实了纳米复合材料的形成。扫描电镜（SEM）显示，纳米纤维BC网络中存在木质素和氧化镁；用x射线衍射（XRD）分析了对结晶度的影响。热重分析（TGA）表明，纳米复合材料的热稳定性与对照相比有所降低，但仍具有足够的热稳定性。纳米复合材料具有较强的力学性能和较高的热碳含量，但拉伸强度和热碳含量较对照组略有下降。bc -木质素-氧化镁纳米复合材料对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌等微生物具有良好的抑菌活性。因此，所提出的bc -木质素- mgo纳米复合材料具有理想的特性，使其成为一种潜在的伤口敷料材料。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Eco-friendly composites: harnessing eggshell and marble waste in polymer innovation 环保复合材料：利用蛋壳和大理石废料进行聚合物创新

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01493-z

Vishwas Mahesh, Vinyas Mahesh, H. N. Karthik, K. B. Preksha, Sindhura Mohan, N. Dileep

The study focuses on developing eco-friendly composites using eggshell and marble powder, with varying weight percentages from 0 to 60% (by wt). The composites are produced by open-cast molding, and mechanical characterization examines the effects of these materials. Results indicated that decreasing eggshell content increases composite density, with pure marble powder composites being 11% denser than those reinforced solely with eggshell. Hardness increases with marble powder, with a 60% (by wt) marble composite exhibiting a 17.21% improvement in hardness over a 60% (by wt) eggshell composite. However, the tensile strength of a 60% (by wt) eggshell composite is 43.56% higher than that of a 60% (by wt) marble composite. A hybrid composite with 50% (by wt) eggshell and 10% (by wt) marble demonstrates 10.67% greater flexural strength and 10.9% higher impact strength than a 60% (by wt) eggshell composite. Additionally, a hybrid with 10% (by wt) eggshell and 50% (by wt) marble exhibits a 52.45% increase in impact strength compared to the reverse composition. Fractography reveals that eggshell particles contribute to crack initiation and propagation, while marble powder enhances overall fracture toughness. The MADAM-TOPSIS approach identifies the marble powder-only composite as the best performer in overall physio-mechanical properties, while hybridization with eggshell and marble powder results in balanced mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract

该研究的重点是开发使用蛋壳和大理石粉的环保复合材料，重量百分比从0到60%不等（按重量计）。复合材料是通过开铸成型生产的，机械特性检查了这些材料的影响。结果表明，蛋壳含量越低，复合材料密度越大，纯大理石粉复合材料的密度比单纯添加蛋壳的复合材料高11%。大理石粉的硬度增加，60%（重量比）大理石复合材料的硬度比60%（重量比）蛋壳复合材料的硬度提高17.21%。然而，60%（重量比）蛋壳复合材料的抗拉强度比60%（重量比）大理石复合材料高43.56%。含有50%（重量比）蛋壳和10%（重量比）大理石的混合复合材料的抗折强度比含有60%（重量比）蛋壳的复合材料高10.67%，冲击强度高10.9%。此外，与相反成分相比，含有10%（重量比）蛋壳和50%（重量比）大理石的混合材料的冲击强度提高了52.45%。断口形貌表明，蛋壳颗粒有利于裂纹的萌生和扩展，而大理岩粉末则提高了整体断裂韧性。MADAM-TOPSIS方法确定仅含大理石粉的复合材料在整体物理力学性能方面表现最佳，而与蛋壳和大理石粉杂交的复合材料则具有平衡的力学性能。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0