Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01340-7
T. S. M. Kumar, S. Joladarashi, S. M. Kulkarni, S. Doddamani
{"title":"Influence of sea sand reinforcement on the static and dynamic properties of functionally graded epoxy composites","authors":"T. S. M. Kumar, S. Joladarashi, S. M. Kulkarni, S. Doddamani","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01340-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01340-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01343-4
Arun Nallathambi, Prakash Muniyandi
{"title":"Influence of heat assisted friction stir processing on the mechanical properties and cell viability in PLA/basalt/graphene nanocomposites","authors":"Arun Nallathambi, Prakash Muniyandi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01343-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01343-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01336-3
A. B. Pereira Kaio, F. Oliveira Priscila, T. Batista Beatriz, R. E. Mansur Claudia
In oil recovery processes, fluids injected to increase oil production may find preferential paths or fractured rocks that offer less resistance to passage through the reservoir, leaving many areas of the reservoir without being swept and consequently reducing the oil recovery efficiency, increasing water production compared to oil production. Conformance control technique can be applied to avoid these problems and then redirect the injected fluids to the segments that were previously not being reached. The preformed particle gels (PPG) have been evaluated for this application, which were obtained from precursor hydrogels and injected into oil reservoirs in the form of brine suspensions. In this study, an evaluation was conducted on the thermal, rheological, morphological, stability, and swelling properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) PPG. Another study of this work was the evaluation of gel-breaker systems based on ammonium persulfate and sodium hypochlorite, which can be used to solve eventual operational problems arising from obstructions in the PPG application. The results indicated that the optimal chemical composition of the precursors consisted of 1.0% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with 3.0% polyethyleneimine (PEI). This combination exhibited higher material strength and swelling capacity, exceeding 20 times its initial mass. The ammonium persulphate proved to be a powerful gel-breaker, causing reductions in elastic modulus by as much as 97%, alongside causing structural damage that was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
{"title":"Synthesis of a preformed hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and related gel-breakers with potential application for conformance control","authors":"A. B. Pereira Kaio, F. Oliveira Priscila, T. Batista Beatriz, R. E. Mansur Claudia","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01336-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01336-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In oil recovery processes, fluids injected to increase oil production may find preferential paths or fractured rocks that offer less resistance to passage through the reservoir, leaving many areas of the reservoir without being swept and consequently reducing the oil recovery efficiency, increasing water production compared to oil production. Conformance control technique can be applied to avoid these problems and then redirect the injected fluids to the segments that were previously not being reached. The preformed particle gels (PPG) have been evaluated for this application, which were obtained from precursor hydrogels and injected into oil reservoirs in the form of brine suspensions. In this study, an evaluation was conducted on the thermal, rheological, morphological, stability, and swelling properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) PPG. Another study of this work was the evaluation of gel-breaker systems based on ammonium persulfate and sodium hypochlorite, which can be used to solve eventual operational problems arising from obstructions in the PPG application. The results indicated that the optimal chemical composition of the precursors consisted of 1.0% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with 3.0% polyethyleneimine (PEI). This combination exhibited higher material strength and swelling capacity, exceeding 20 times its initial mass. The ammonium persulphate proved to be a powerful gel-breaker, causing reductions in elastic modulus by as much as 97%, alongside causing structural damage that was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01339-0
Ali Reza Khodabandeh, Ali Akbar Yousefi, Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a unique method of additive manufacturing (AM) that combines features from conventional electrospinning (CES) and direct ink writing (DIW). NFES allows for the production of nano/micro-scale fibers, similar to CES, while also enabling the creation of fibers and regular structures like DIW. This unique combination sets NFES apart from other AM methods, offering advantages such as low cost, high resolution, compatibility with various materials, and reproducibility. As a result of these properties, NFES has found applications in diverse fields, including tissue engineering, sensors, and electronics. In this study, for a better structural design of the fibrous polycaprolactone construct, the surface response methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of process variables such as polymer concentration, flow rate, voltage, distance, and collector speed on fiber diameter. The relationship between these parameters and fiber diameter was analyzed. The collector speed was found to have the most influence on fiber diameter, while voltage had the least effect. A statistical model was developed to describe the interactions between these parameters and fiber diameter, validated through experimental tests. The model accurately predicted fiber diameter with less than 16% difference and can be applied to fabricate fibrous constructs by NFES.
Graphical abstract
近场电纺丝（NFES）是一种独特的增材制造（AM）方法，它结合了传统电纺丝（CES）和直接墨水写入（DIW）的特点。NFES 可以生产纳米级/微米级纤维，与 CES 相似，同时还能像 DIW 一样制造纤维和规则结构。这种独特的组合使 NFES 有别于其他 AM 方法，具有成本低、分辨率高、与各种材料兼容和可重复性强等优点。由于这些特性，NFES 已在组织工程、传感器和电子学等多个领域得到应用。在本研究中，为了更好地设计纤维状聚己内酯结构，采用了表面响应法（RSM）来研究聚合物浓度、流速、电压、距离和收集器速度等工艺变量对纤维直径的影响。分析了这些参数与纤维直径之间的关系。结果发现，收集器速度对纤维直径的影响最大，而电压的影响最小。建立了一个统计模型来描述这些参数与纤维直径之间的相互作用，并通过实验测试进行了验证。该模型准确预测了纤维直径，差值小于 16%，可用于通过 NFES 制造纤维结构。
{"title":"The effect of process variables on near-field electrospinning of polycaprolactone studied by response surface methodology","authors":"Ali Reza Khodabandeh, Ali Akbar Yousefi, Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01339-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01339-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a unique method of additive manufacturing (AM) that combines features from conventional electrospinning (CES) and direct ink writing (DIW). NFES allows for the production of nano/micro-scale fibers, similar to CES, while also enabling the creation of fibers and regular structures like DIW. This unique combination sets NFES apart from other AM methods, offering advantages such as low cost, high resolution, compatibility with various materials, and reproducibility. As a result of these properties, NFES has found applications in diverse fields, including tissue engineering, sensors, and electronics. In this study, for a better structural design of the fibrous polycaprolactone construct, the surface response methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of process variables such as polymer concentration, flow rate, voltage, distance, and collector speed on fiber diameter. The relationship between these parameters and fiber diameter was analyzed. The collector speed was found to have the most influence on fiber diameter, while voltage had the least effect. A statistical model was developed to describe the interactions between these parameters and fiber diameter, validated through experimental tests. The model accurately predicted fiber diameter with less than 16% difference and can be applied to fabricate fibrous constructs by NFES.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01324-7
Amirreza Ardebili, Mohammad Hossein Alaei, Amir Kaveh, Jafar Eskandari Jam
Consideration of the permeability and safety aspects of liquid oxygen (LOX) storage is of particular importance, because oxygen leaks can break down spacecraft missions. In this study, the effect of adding nanoclay to epoxy resin on the bending and tensile capacities of a clay/epoxy nanocomposite for using as a liner in type IV LOX was investigated experimentally and statistically. Consequently, samples were initially made with different nanoclay contents (0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% all by weights) using two distinct dispersion processes (HSS and ultrasonic), then evaluated using bending, tensile, and permeability testing methods, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In the optimal sample with 1% (weight) of nanoclay mixed with ultrasonic process, the permeability was reduced by 35%, the Young's modulus was improved by 3.5 times, and the toughness and fracture energy were increased by 3 times compared to the pure resin. However, all samples lost between 10 and 20% of their tensile strength due to the breakage of polymer chain links. Simulation findings revealed that at burst pressure, the tank with modified resin liner deforms four times less than PP and 50% more than PET without any rupture.
Graphical abstract
考虑液氧（LOX）储存的渗透性和安全问题尤为重要，因为氧气泄漏会导致航天器任务失败。在本研究中，通过实验和统计学方法研究了在环氧树脂中添加纳米粘土对粘土/环氧纳米复合材料弯曲和拉伸能力的影响，该复合材料可用作 IV 型液氧衬垫。因此，首先使用两种不同的分散工艺（高速钢和超声波）制作了不同纳米含量（按重量计分别为 0.5%、1%、3% 和 5%）的样品，然后使用弯曲、拉伸和渗透测试方法以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）进行了评估。与纯树脂相比，在超声波工艺中混合 1%（重量）纳米粘土的最佳样品的渗透性降低了 35%，杨氏模量提高了 3.5 倍，韧性和断裂能提高了 3 倍。然而，由于聚合物链节断裂，所有样品的拉伸强度都下降了 10% 到 20%。模拟结果表明，在爆破压力下，改性树脂内衬储罐的变形比聚丙烯小四倍，比 PET 大 50%，且不会发生任何破裂。
{"title":"Permeability and mechanical properties of nanoclay/epoxy liner used in type IV liquid oxygen vessel: experimental and numerical study","authors":"Amirreza Ardebili, Mohammad Hossein Alaei, Amir Kaveh, Jafar Eskandari Jam","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01324-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01324-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consideration of the permeability and safety aspects of liquid oxygen (LOX) storage is of particular importance, because oxygen leaks can break down spacecraft missions. In this study, the effect of adding nanoclay to epoxy resin on the bending and tensile capacities of a clay/epoxy nanocomposite for using as a liner in type IV LOX was investigated experimentally and statistically. Consequently, samples were initially made with different nanoclay contents (0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% all by weights) using two distinct dispersion processes (HSS and ultrasonic), then evaluated using bending, tensile, and permeability testing methods, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In the optimal sample with 1% (weight) of nanoclay mixed with ultrasonic process, the permeability was reduced by 35%, the Young's modulus was improved by 3.5 times, and the toughness and fracture energy were increased by 3 times compared to the pure resin. However, all samples lost between 10 and 20% of their tensile strength due to the breakage of polymer chain links. Simulation findings revealed that at burst pressure, the tank with modified resin liner deforms four times less than PP and 50% more than PET without any rupture.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01338-1
Richa Prasad Mahato, Saurabh Kumar
Pullulan is a microbial exopolysaccharide hydrogel biopolymer that is biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. However, to meet the demands of the utilization, it is still necessary to enhance the yield and molecular characteristics of pullulan formed by different strains. Available in powder form, pullulan enhances the benefits of this natural material when combined with nanoparticles (NPs) and synthesized into pullulan NPs. NPs are gaining attention as a cutting-edge technology in the fields of pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, agriculture processing, and packaging. Pullulan biopolymers provide an environmentally friendly solution that effectively addresses the world's waste disposal issue by removing untreated waste from the agro-food industries and using this waste as a potential substrate for pullulan biosynthesis. Nowadays, pullulan in the form of NPs, nanocomposites, and nanoformulation has become increasingly popular because of their specific application needs with enhanced molecular properties like strength, durability, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. This approach offers a valuable product called pullulan-based nanopolymer, which holds promise in various industries. Pullulan with the highest yield capacity to date has the potential to significantly decrease production costs and increase applicability range. This review provides detailed insights into the latest methods for extracting pullulan biopolymers from agricultural and food waste materials in the form of polysaccharides. Moreover, the article covers the synthesis of various types of pullulan-based nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoformulations. Furthermore, it delves into the diverse applications of these pullulan nanopolymers across agriculture, food and medical sectors.
{"title":"A review of pullulan nanopolymer derived from agro-food waste and its applications","authors":"Richa Prasad Mahato, Saurabh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01338-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01338-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pullulan is a microbial exopolysaccharide hydrogel biopolymer that is biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. However, to meet the demands of the utilization, it is still necessary to enhance the yield and molecular characteristics of pullulan formed by different strains. Available in powder form, pullulan enhances the benefits of this natural material when combined with nanoparticles (NPs) and synthesized into pullulan NPs. NPs are gaining attention as a cutting-edge technology in the fields of pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, agriculture processing, and packaging. Pullulan biopolymers provide an environmentally friendly solution that effectively addresses the world's waste disposal issue by removing untreated waste from the agro-food industries and using this waste as a potential substrate for pullulan biosynthesis. Nowadays, pullulan in the form of NPs, nanocomposites, and nanoformulation has become increasingly popular because of their specific application needs with enhanced molecular properties like strength, durability, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. This approach offers a valuable product called pullulan-based nanopolymer, which holds promise in various industries. Pullulan with the highest yield capacity to date has the potential to significantly decrease production costs and increase applicability range. This review provides detailed insights into the latest methods for extracting pullulan biopolymers from agricultural and food waste materials in the form of polysaccharides. Moreover, the article covers the synthesis of various types of pullulan-based nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoformulations. Furthermore, it delves into the diverse applications of these pullulan nanopolymers across agriculture, food and medical sectors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Good dispersion of silica filler in the rubber matrix is a key factor for the high-performance properties of rubber/silica nanocomposites. This work aimed at using mild and green conditions for incorporating high silica content in natural rubber (NR) without using a silane coupling agent. The NR latex was modified into a low degree (5%) of epoxide-functionalized NR, symbolized as ENR5 by epoxidation reaction. The silica (40 phr) was pre-dispersed in water using ultrasonication to break down the silica particles, symbolized as USiP before mixing in the obtained ENR5 latex. After water evaporation, no silica flocculation at the bottom of the container was observed, meaning that silica was well infiltrated in the rubber matrix without coagulating agents. The interaction of hydroxyl groups of silica with epoxide groups of ENR5 could support the stable dispersion of the silica in the rubber matrix. Then, the dried ENR5-USiP was further mixed with curing agents in a two-roll mill. The cure characteristic, morphology and mechanical properties of ENR5-USiP were compared with silica-filled NR using a conventional mixing process (NR-SiC) and NR filled with silica treated by a silane coupling agent (NR-SSiC). As a result, ENR5-USiP exhibited higher mechanical properties than NR-SiC and NR-SSiC. The SEM micrograph revealed the good dispersion of nano-size silica in the rubber matrix of ENR5-USiP composites. It can be highlighted that the breakage of silica particles by ultrasonication is a facile method and mixing of the obtained silica in the ENR5 latex is a green condition. Furthermore, the possible interaction between the silanol groups of silica and epoxide functional groups of ENR5 could play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silica-filled rubber composites without requiring a silane coupling agent.
{"title":"A facile and green pre-dispersion method for the preparation of epoxide-functionalized natural rubber/silica nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties","authors":"Dalip Abdulraman, Tinnakorn Tiensing, Pranee Phinyocheep","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01335-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01335-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Good dispersion of silica filler in the rubber matrix is a key factor for the high-performance properties of rubber/silica nanocomposites. This work aimed at using mild and green conditions for incorporating high silica content in natural rubber (NR) without using a silane coupling agent. The NR latex was modified into a low degree (5%) of epoxide-functionalized NR, symbolized as ENR5 by epoxidation reaction. The silica (40 phr) was pre-dispersed in water using ultrasonication to break down the silica particles, symbolized as USiP before mixing in the obtained ENR5 latex. After water evaporation, no silica flocculation at the bottom of the container was observed, meaning that silica was well infiltrated in the rubber matrix without coagulating agents. The interaction of hydroxyl groups of silica with epoxide groups of ENR5 could support the stable dispersion of the silica in the rubber matrix. Then, the dried ENR5-USiP was further mixed with curing agents in a two-roll mill. The cure characteristic, morphology and mechanical properties of ENR5-USiP were compared with silica-filled NR using a conventional mixing process (NR-SiC) and NR filled with silica treated by a silane coupling agent (NR-SSiC). As a result, ENR5-USiP exhibited higher mechanical properties than NR-SiC and NR-SSiC. The SEM micrograph revealed the good dispersion of nano-size silica in the rubber matrix of ENR5-USiP composites. It can be highlighted that the breakage of silica particles by ultrasonication is a facile method and mixing of the obtained silica in the ENR5 latex is a green condition. Furthermore, the possible interaction between the silanol groups of silica and epoxide functional groups of ENR5 could play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silica-filled rubber composites without requiring a silane coupling agent.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01333-6
Ahmed M. Hameed, AbdulAziz A. Alayyafi, Ahmad A. Alluhaybi, Mohamed S. Fahmi, Mohamed E. A. Ali
Membrane distillation (MD) is a highly promising method for desalinating water with high salt content. However, a major challenge faced by this technology is its high energy consumption, which is caused by the need to heat up the saline feed solution. Hence, this study aimed to incorporate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the polysulfone (PSF) matrix to fabricate composite photothermal MD membranes. These membranes have the capability to function independently without the need for an external energy source. Various quantities of MWCNTs ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% (by weight) were added to the PSF casting solution. This led to the creation of composite membranes with improved photothermal characteristics. The PSF and PSF/MWCNTs composite membranes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The concentration of MWCNTs that yielded the highest photothermal efficiency was found to be 1% (by weight). The membranes were assessed using a photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) device, where the operational conditions and parameters were investigated. The presence of MWCNTs resulted in an increase in the surface temperature of the membrane to 67 °C when placed 10 cm away from a 200 W light source. In addition, the inclusion of MWCNTs led to a rise in the contact angle measurement from 80° to 112°, as well as an improvement in the liquid entry pressure (LEP) from 25.5 to 52 psi. Moreover, it significantly impacted the improvement of membrane production in the presence of light, while also exhibiting a high degree of operational efficiency.
{"title":"Photothermal efficiency of carbon nanotubes-embedded polysulfone membranes for direct contact membrane distillation","authors":"Ahmed M. Hameed, AbdulAziz A. Alayyafi, Ahmad A. Alluhaybi, Mohamed S. Fahmi, Mohamed E. A. Ali","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01333-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01333-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membrane distillation (MD) is a highly promising method for desalinating water with high salt content. However, a major challenge faced by this technology is its high energy consumption, which is caused by the need to heat up the saline feed solution. Hence, this study aimed to incorporate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the polysulfone (PSF) matrix to fabricate composite photothermal MD membranes. These membranes have the capability to function independently without the need for an external energy source. Various quantities of MWCNTs ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% (by weight) were added to the PSF casting solution. This led to the creation of composite membranes with improved photothermal characteristics. The PSF and PSF/MWCNTs composite membranes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The concentration of MWCNTs that yielded the highest photothermal efficiency was found to be 1% (by weight). The membranes were assessed using a photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) device, where the operational conditions and parameters were investigated. The presence of MWCNTs resulted in an increase in the surface temperature of the membrane to 67 °C when placed 10 cm away from a 200 W light source. In addition, the inclusion of MWCNTs led to a rise in the contact angle measurement from 80° to 112°, as well as an improvement in the liquid entry pressure (LEP) from 25.5 to 52 psi. Moreover, it significantly impacted the improvement of membrane production in the presence of light, while also exhibiting a high degree of operational efficiency.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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