Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第5页

New promising monoterpene-derived internal donors in the composition of supported titanium-magnesium catalysts for polypropylene production 聚丙烯负载型钛镁催化剂组成中有前景的单萜衍生内给体

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01486-y

Ivan V. Nechepurenko, Artem A. Barabanov, Roman M. Mironenko, Konstantin P. Volcho, Vladimir A. Likholobov, Nariman F. Salakhutdinov, Mikhail A. Matsko, Vladimir A. Zakharov

Dialkyl malonates and dialkyl 1,3-dimethoxypropanes containing one or two natural pinane fragments were obtained for the first time and used as internal donors in the composition of titanium–magnesium catalysts (TMC) for propylene polymerization. It was found that diethyl 2-isobutyl-2-pinanylmalonate (DM) and 2-isobutyl-2-pinanyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane (DP) are anchored on the surface of magnesium chloride during the synthesis of titanium–magnesium catalysts TMC-DM and TMC-DP. Their content in the catalysts is 9.4 and 15.6 wt%, respectively. Catalyst TMC-DP has high activity and stereospecificity in propylene polymerization similar to the known titanium–magnesium catalyst containing diisobutyl dimethoxypropane. At the same time, the catalyst TMC-DP produces polypropylene with broader molecular-weight distribution (MWD, M_w/M_n = 4.2–4.4) which is close to MWD of polypropylene produced over TMC containing dibutyl phthalate as internal donor (M_w/M_n = 4–5). Data on the effect of hydrogen and the composition of external donor at propylene polymerization on the activity of catalyst TMC-DP and the molecular mass distribution of polypropylene produced over this catalyst are presented. It is found that catalyst TMC-DP allows to produce polypropylene with different polydispersity (M_w/M_n = 3.6–4.4) and different molecular weight at variation of the composition of external donor and the hydrogen content.

Graphical abstract

首次合成了含有一个或两个天然蒎烷片段的二烷基丙二酸酯和二烷基1,3-二甲氧基丙烷，并将其作为丙烯聚合钛镁催化剂（TMC）的内给体。在钛镁催化剂TMC-DM和TMC-DP的合成过程中，发现2-异丁基-2-品尼基丙二酸二乙酯（DM）和2-异丁基-2-品尼基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷（DP）被锚定在氯化镁表面。它们在催化剂中的含量分别为9.4%和15.6%。催化剂TMC-DP在丙烯聚合中具有较高的活性和立体专一性，类似于已知的含二异丁基二甲氧基丙烷的钛镁催化剂。同时，催化剂TMC- dp制得的聚丙烯分子量分布更广（MWD, Mw/Mn = 4.2 ~ 4.4），接近以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内给体的TMC制得的聚丙烯分子量分布（Mw/Mn = 4 ~ 5）。介绍了丙烯聚合时氢和外给体组成对催化剂TMC-DP活性的影响，以及在该催化剂上生产的聚丙烯的分子质量分布。研究发现，催化剂TMC-DP在改变外给体组成和氢含量的情况下，可以制备出不同分子量和不同分散度的聚丙烯（Mw/Mn = 3.6 ~ 4.4）。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of grape and fig leaf extracts-modified polyvinyl alcohol composite packaging films 葡萄和无花果叶提取物改性聚乙烯醇复合包装薄膜的研制与评价

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01490-2

Arife Kübra Yontar

This study aims to develop biodegradable packaging films with environmentally friendly and antibacterial properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based composite films were produced by modifying fig (Ficus carica L.) and grape (Vitis labrusca L.) leaf extracts with high antioxidant content. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform ınfrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) methods. In mechanical tests, the highest tensile strength was measured as 203.4 MPa in films containing 45% fig leaf extract, and this value showed an increase of 66% compared to the pure PVA film. Water absorption capacity was reduced to 85%, water solubility to 20.68%, and moisture content to 20%. Air permeability was reduced by 6%, and thermal conductivity was improved by 73%. In antibacterial tests, a 1.6 log₁₀ reduction was found against Escherichia coli and a 2.5 log₁₀ reduction against Staphylococcus aureus. In shelf life tests on chicken meat, it was observed that the modified films delayed spoilage by 2 days. This study offers significant potential for using biodegradable packaging films with completely natural content and high antibacterial properties in the food sector.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在开发具有环保和抗菌性能的生物可降解包装薄膜。以抗氧化剂含量高的无花果（Ficus carica L.）和葡萄（Vitis labrusca L.）叶提取物为原料，制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）基复合膜。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换ınfrared光谱（FTIR）和动态力学分析（DMA）等方法对膜进行了表征。在力学试验中，含有45%无花果叶提取物的薄膜的拉伸强度最高，达到203.4 MPa，与纯PVA薄膜相比，该值提高了66%。吸水率降至85%，水溶性降至20.68%，含水率降至20%。透气性降低6%，导热系数提高73%。在抗菌试验中，发现对大肠杆菌降低1.6 log10，对金黄色葡萄球菌降低2.5 log10。在鸡肉的保质期试验中，发现改性薄膜使鸡肉的变质延迟了2天。这项研究为在食品领域使用具有完全天然含量和高抗菌性能的可生物降解包装薄膜提供了巨大的潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Effect of micro-sized lotus fibers on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin 微细荷花纤维对环氧树脂断裂韧性的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01488-w

Dang Huu Trung

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendliness, high fracture toughness, and biodegradability. A prime example is lotus fiber, derived from the lotus stem and often used in weaving towels and clothing, while the lotus flower is a symbol of Vietnam. Reinforcing epoxy resin with micro-sized lotus fibers (MLFs) to enhance its fracture toughness is a unique project with no prior work reported. This paper examines the influence of MLFs on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin by measuring Izod impact strength, critical stress intensity factor, and tensile strength. All tests were performed according to specified standards and measured at room temperature. The results showed that the content of MLFs significantly impacted the mechanical properties of composites, particularly the Izod impact strength and fracture toughness, as measured by the critical stress intensity factor (K_IC). Specifically, increasing MLFs from 0 to 2.0% (by wt) enhanced the Izod impact strength by 242.71% (from 3.98 to 13.64 kJ/m²), the K_IC by 139.59% (from 1.97 to 4.72 MPa.m¹/²), and tensile strength by 41.43% (from 36.2 to 51.2 MPa). The fracture surfaces of epoxy resin and MLFs-reinforced composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the MLFs enhanced fracture toughness by creating rough and zigzag surfaces in the composite samples. The interaction between the MLFs and epoxy resin was primarily physical and assessed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the composite sample exhibited better thermal stability compared to both lotus fiber and pure epoxy resin.

Graphical abstract

天然纤维增强复合材料因其环保性、高断裂韧性和可生物降解性而越来越受欢迎。一个典型的例子是莲花纤维，从莲花茎中提取，经常用于编织毛巾和衣服，而莲花是越南的象征。利用微细莲花纤维增强环氧树脂的断裂韧性是一项独特的研究项目，目前尚无相关研究报道。本文通过测量环氧树脂的冲击强度、临界应力强度因子和拉伸强度，考察了mlf对环氧树脂断裂韧性的影响。所有试验均按照规定的标准进行，并在室温下进行测量。结果表明：复合材料中MLFs的含量显著影响复合材料的力学性能，特别是临界应力强度因子（KIC）对复合材料的冲击强度和断裂韧性有显著影响。具体来说，将mlf从0增加到2.0% (wt)， Izod冲击强度提高了242.71%（从3.98增加到13.64 kJ/m2）， KIC提高了139.59%（从1.97增加到4.72 MPa）。m1/2)，抗拉强度提高41.43%（从36.2 MPa提高到51.2 MPa）。采用扫描电镜观察了环氧树脂和mlfs增强复合材料的断口形貌。结果表明，MLFs通过在复合材料表面形成粗糙的锯齿形表面来提高断裂韧性。mlf与环氧树脂之间的相互作用主要是物理的，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行了评估。热重分析（TGA）表明，复合材料样品比莲花纤维和纯环氧树脂具有更好的热稳定性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone-chitosan blend membrane for pervaporation separation of trimethyl boratemethanol mixture 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-壳聚糖共混膜渗透汽化分离硼三甲基乙醇混合物

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01489-9

Mehtap Ozekmekci, Mehmet Copur, Derya Unlu

Trimethyl borate (TMB) is an essential chemical for applications ranging from organic synthesis to borohydride production and requires efficient separation from methanol for optimal utilization. This study investigates the pervaporation performance of blend membranes composed of different ratios of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to improve the separation of TMB/methanol mixtures through pervaporation. The structural morphology, thermal properties, and crystalline nature of these membranes were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Pervaporation experiments were conducted by varying feed compositions, operating temperatures, and PVP ratios. The results demonstrated that increasing PVP content has a significant effect on permeation flux. The best conditions were obtained at 45 °C of operation temperature and 75% (by wt) TMB-25% (by wt) methanol mixture by utilizing a PVP-CS-2 membrane, recording flux value of 335.44 g/m² h. Additionally, PVP-CS-1 and PVP-CS-2 blend membranes were subjected to a crosslinking process to evaluate their separation performance. The crosslinked PVP-CS-1 membrane showed a good performance, with a selectivity value of 146.37. Additionally, the crosslinked PVP-CS-2 membrane exhibited remarkable stability 5 run experiments, indicating strong chemical and mechanical endurance.

Graphical abstract

三甲基硼酸盐（TMB）是从有机合成到硼氢化物生产的重要化学品，需要从甲醇中有效分离以获得最佳利用。本研究考察了壳聚糖（CS）和聚乙烯吡罗烷酮（PVP）的不同配比组成的共混膜的渗透汽化性能，通过渗透汽化提高TMB/甲醇混合物的分离效果。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析、接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜和x射线衍射分析对这些膜的结构形态、热性能和晶体性质进行了全面表征。通过不同的饲料组成、操作温度和PVP比例进行渗透蒸发实验。结果表明，PVP含量的增加对渗透通量有显著影响。最佳分离条件为：45℃操作温度，75% (wt) TMB-25% （wt）甲醇混合物，记录通量值为335.44 g/m2 h。此外，对PVP-CS-1和PVP-CS-2共混膜进行交联处理，以评估其分离性能。交联的PVP-CS-1膜性能良好，选择性值为146.37。此外，交联的PVP-CS-2膜在5次实验中表现出显著的稳定性，具有较强的化学和机械耐久性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of an eco-friendly cation exchanger through phosphorylation of a 3-D interpenetrating network for Pb(II) removal from water 通过磷酸化三维互穿网络合成环保型阳离子交换剂去除水中铅（II）

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01487-x

Balram, Balbir Singh Kaith, Rohit Mehra

This study highlights the development of an environmentally friendly and efficient cation exchanger for the removal of Pb(II) ions from water. The semi-IPN structure was transformed into an IPN (PAipnHPMA) by interpenetrating poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) chains within the matrix under pre-optimized reaction conditions. The IPN was subsequently phosphorylated to produce the cation exchanger (PAipn/CE). Removal percentage of lead metal ion was calculated under various conditions, including a reaction time of 300 min, pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage of 75 mg, temperature of 30 °C, and an initial metal ion concentration of 2.0 ppm. The IEC was measured at 0.61 milliequivalent g⁻¹, with Pb(II) removal efficiency of 84.73%. Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed a rate constant (K_f) of 1.1210 and R² = 0.95, aligning with the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters, such as entropy (ΔS°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), were assessed using a Van’t Hoff plot, confirming the spontaneity and feasibility of the adsorption process based on negative ΔG° values across six temperature levels. The PAipn/CE exhibited outstanding performance in Pb(II) elimination. Additionally, re-usability tests indicated that the cation exchanger maintained effective performance over four cycles, with Pb(II) removal percentages ranging from 84.38 to 67.7% by the fourth cycle.

Graphical abstract

本研究强调了一种环境友好型高效阳离子交换剂的开发，用于去除水中的Pb（II）离子。在预先优化的反应条件下，通过在基体内互穿聚甲基丙烯酸2-羟丙酯链，将半IPN结构转化为IPN （PAipnHPMA）。IPN随后被磷酸化生成阳离子交换剂（PAipn/CE）。在反应时间为300 min、pH为6.0、吸附剂用量为75 mg、温度为30℃、初始金属离子浓度为2.0 ppm的条件下，计算铅金属离子的去除率。在0.61毫当量的g−1下测定了IEC， Pb（II）的去除效率为84.73%。吸附等温线分析结果表明，吸附速率常数Kf为1.1210,R2 = 0.95，符合Freundlich等温线模型。热力学参数，如熵（ΔS°）、焓（ΔH°）和吉布斯自由能变化（ΔG°），使用范霍夫图进行评估，确认了基于负ΔG°值的吸附过程的自发性和可行性。PAipn/CE在Pb（II）的去除中表现出优异的性能。此外，可重用性测试表明，阳离子交换剂在四个循环中保持了有效的性能，到第四个循环时，Pb（II）的去除率在84.38 ~ 67.7%之间。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in natural membrane-based electrochemical biosensors for detecting endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food and environmental monitoring 基于天然膜的电化学生物传感器在食品和环境监测中检测内分泌干扰物的进展

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01484-0

Anwarul Hidayah Zulkifli, Sharina Abu Hanifah, Yook Heng Lee, Zalifah Mohd Kasim, Ikeda Masato, Riyadh Abdulmalek Hassan, Alizar Ulianas

Selection and synthesis of a suitable electrochemical biosensor membrane can be very challenging due to competitive properties and performance of developed membranes, such as leaching of immobilized transducers and biorecognition elements, conductivity performance, hydrophilicity, durability of sensor membrane to be suitable for a longer period, and limit of detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The primary objective of this study is to review the trend in the usage of food and natural resources as the alternative to synthetic membrane in enhancing electrochemical biosensor in detection of food pollutants in the application of food and water monitoring. A comprehensive review of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2024 on both synthetic and natural membrane additives was performed for electrochemical sensing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food and environmental monitoring. Based on the review conducted, it is proven that the application of synthetic membrane is more popular compared to natural membrane by 46% in 2023 and increasing by 60% in June 2024. The steep slope of increasing usage of synthetic membrane additives is incredibly significant; however, the usage of natural membrane and their additives is still lagging as there is a trend of only 6–30% increment yearly from 2010 to 2022 and an inclination to 60% that occurred from 2022 to 2023. Natural membrane additives isolated from food and natural resources in the electrochemical biosensor are vital in detecting EDCs in fresh and processed food and environment in situ, more robust, sensitive, and selective to abide to the international food safety laws.

Graphical abstract

选择和合成合适的电化学生物传感器膜是非常具有挑战性的，因为已开发的膜具有竞争性的特性和性能，例如固定化传感器和生物识别元素的浸出，电导率性能，亲水性，传感器膜的耐久性，适合更长的时间，以及对内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的检测限制。本文综述了利用食品和自然资源替代合成膜增强电化学生物传感器检测食品污染物在食品和水监测中的应用趋势。对2010年至2024年间发表的关于合成和天然膜添加剂的科学文章进行了全面的回顾，以电化学检测食品和环境监测中的内分泌干扰化学物质。根据所进行的回顾，证明了2023年合成膜的应用比天然膜更受欢迎，增长了46%，2024年6月增长了60%。合成膜添加剂用量的陡增趋势十分显著；然而，天然膜及其添加剂的使用仍然滞后，2010年至2022年的年增长率仅为6-30%，2022年至2023年的年增长率为60%。从食品和自然资源中分离出的天然膜添加剂作为电化学生物传感器在新鲜和加工食品和环境中原位检测EDCs至关重要，具有更强的鲁棒性、灵敏性和选择性，符合国际食品安全法。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of piezoelectric performance and mechanical strength by designing esterified lignin-based polyacrylonitrile membrane for piezoelectric sensor 设计酯化木质素基聚丙烯腈压电传感器膜以提高压电性能和机械强度

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01483-1

Shuhua Chen, Shufeng Wang, Lichun Yue, Xiuping Li

Improving the piezoelectric and mechanical properties of polymer piezoelectric materials is an urgent research work for their application as piezoelectric materials. Thus, in this work, a new polymer piezoelectric material, esterified lignin-modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN/CEHL-PTMG), is successfully synthesized and the related piezoelectric composite nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning. The structure of the membranes is well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The output voltage can reach as high as 1.47 V (64.63% higher than that of the pure polyacrylonitrile membrane) by optimizing the spinning solution (2% esterified lignin). The results indicated that the piezoelectric property of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is remarkably improved by the incorporation of esterified lignin (CEHL-PTMG). In addition, a simple energy-conversion performance test is conducted, through which the prepared piezoelectric elements with PAN/CEHL-PTMG show the mechanical movement of the arm and finger. It is verified that the PAN/CEHL-PTMG piezoelectric element can complete the energy conversion well in practical application. The results indicated that an appropriate amount of CEHL-PTMG was conducive to the transformation of the planar sawtooth conformation in the microstructure of the polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. Meanwhile, mechanical tests exhibited that the CEHL-PTMG also could effectively enhance the tensile strength and elongation of the membranes.

Graphical abstract

提高聚合物压电材料的压电性能和力学性能是其作为压电材料应用的迫切研究工作。因此，本文成功地合成了一种新型的聚合物压电材料——酯化木质素改性聚丙烯腈（PAN/CEHL-PTMG），并通过静电纺丝制备了相应的压电复合纳米纤维膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）对膜的结构进行了表征。通过优化纺丝溶液（2%酯化木质素），得到的输出电压最高可达1.47 V，比纯聚丙烯腈膜输出电压高64.63%。结果表明，酯化木质素（CEHL-PTMG）的掺入显著改善了聚丙烯腈（PAN）的压电性能。此外，还进行了简单的能量转换性能测试，通过PAN/CEHL-PTMG制备的压电元件显示了手臂和手指的机械运动。在实际应用中验证了PAN/CEHL-PTMG压电元件能较好地完成能量转换。结果表明，适量的CEHL-PTMG有利于聚丙烯腈纳米纤维微观结构中平面锯齿形构象的转变。同时，力学试验表明，CEHL-PTMG还能有效提高膜的抗拉强度和伸长率。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness characterization of woven carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites 机织碳-凯夫拉纱间混杂纺织复合材料的ii型层间断裂韧性表征

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01485-z

Pawan Sharma, Harlal Singh Mali, Anurag Dixit

High-performance textile reinforced composites are widely used in military, defense, aerospace, marine, automobile, and sports industries. These composites offer good in-plane properties but are prone to delaminate in the thickness direction. Thus, the interlaminar fracture or delamination needs to be characterized due to major design concerns. Under the influence of external loading, micro-level cracks can initiate or propagate in the structure and are capable of deforming it. This research intends to investigate the Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness of plain and twill woven carbon, Kevlar monolithic, and their interyarn hybrid textile composite laminates by placing both yarns separately in the length direction. Eight different laminate configurations are fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness characterization is performed on the Instron 8862 system in non-precrack (NPC) and precrack (PC) configurations using an end notched flexure (ENF) specimen. The fracture toughness is calculated using the compliance calibration (CC) data reduction method. Results reveal that plain woven composites show higher fracture toughness than twill woven composites, PC fracture toughness is higher than NPC fracture toughness, and in the hybrid laminate configurations, plain woven carbon–Kevlar hybrid composite laminate shows the highest fracture toughness when carbon yarn is placed in the length direction.

Graphical Abstract

高性能纺织增强复合材料广泛应用于军事、国防、航空航天、船舶、汽车、体育等行业。这些复合材料具有良好的面内性能，但在厚度方向上容易分层。因此，由于主要的设计问题，需要对层间断裂或分层进行表征。在外部荷载的作用下，微观裂纹可以在结构中萌生或扩展，并能使结构变形。本研究通过在长度方向上分别放置平纹和斜纹织物碳、凯夫拉整体织物及其混纺纱复合材料层板的ii型层间断裂韧性的研究。采用真空辅助树脂转移成型（VARTM）技术制造了八种不同的层压板结构。采用端缺口弯曲（ENF）试样，在Instron 8862系统上进行了非预裂（NPC）和预裂（PC）配置下的ii型层间断裂韧性表征。采用柔度校正（CC）数据约简法计算断裂韧性。结果表明，平纹机复合材料的断裂韧性高于斜纹机复合材料，PC断裂韧性高于NPC断裂韧性，在混杂层合板构型中，碳纱沿长度方向放置平纹机-凯夫拉混杂复合材料层合板的断裂韧性最高。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Advanced characterization of 3D printed polyolefin elastomer-carbon black composites: cyclic mechanical behavior, thermophysical properties, and morphological analysis 3D打印聚烯烃弹性体-炭黑复合材料的高级表征：循环力学行为，热物理性能和形态分析

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01469-z

Wei Liu, Tiancheng Ji, Yuanchao Hu, Shijun Huang, Tao Huang, Zhiwei Liu, Xintong Mao

This study follows the effects of carbon black (CB) fillers with respect to the mechanical and thermal properties of polyolefin elastomer (POE) composites. Cyclic mechanical testing was conducted, highlighting the Mullins effect, which demonstrates a reduction in stiffness and stress upon subsequent loading cycles. Optimal mechanical performance was observed at 4% (by weight) CB, showing superior tensile strength and elongation. Thermal characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the incorporation of CB significantly enhances the thermal stability of the POE matrix. The initial decomposition phase of pure POE ends at 323 °C, whereas the addition of 4% (by weight) CB shifts this to 352 °C. This shift is attributed to improved entanglement and restricted mobility of polymer chains due to CB fillers. Furthermore, the main decomposition phase showed a peak temperature increase from 463 to 476 °C with the addition of CB. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated that CB fillers affect the thermal transitions of POE, reducing the glass transition temperature (T_g) from − 50.50 to − 51.25 °C, decreasing the crystallization temperature (T_c) by 12 °C resulting in a 19% reduction crystallinity rate, and lowering the melting temperature (T_m) by 8.6 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed a uniform dispersion of CB particles within the matrix and strong interfacial bonding, which mitigates common 3D-printing defects and enhances overall material durability. These findings underscore the potential of CB-reinforced POE composites for applications requiring enhanced mechanical and thermal properties.

Graphical abstract

本研究跟踪炭黑（CB）填料对聚烯烃弹性体（POE）复合材料的机械和热性能的影响。进行了循环力学测试，突出了Mullins效应，该效应表明在随后的加载循环中刚度和应力降低。在4%（重量比）CB下观察到最佳的机械性能，表现出优异的抗拉强度和伸长率。热重分析（TGA）表明，炭黑的加入显著提高了POE矩阵的热稳定性。纯POE的初始分解阶段在323°C结束，而添加4%（重量）的CB将其转移到352°C。这种转变是由于CB填料改善了聚合物链的缠结和限制了聚合物链的迁移率。随着炭黑的加入，主分解相的峰值温度从463℃升高到476℃。差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析表明，CB填充剂影响了POE的热转变，将玻璃化转变温度（Tg）从- 50.50℃降低到- 51.25℃，结晶温度（Tc）降低12℃，结晶率降低19%，熔融温度（Tm）降低8.6℃。扫描电镜（SEM）分析证实，炭黑颗粒在基体内均匀分散，界面结合强，从而减轻了常见的3d打印缺陷，提高了材料的整体耐久性。这些发现强调了cb增强POE复合材料在需要增强机械和热性能的应用中的潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the influence of hexafluorobutyl methacrylate on the properties of core–shell polyacrylate latex pressure sensitive adhesives and films 研究了甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯对核壳聚丙烯酸胶乳压敏胶粘剂和薄膜性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01482-2

Chaobo Wu, Cheng Fang

The increasing global focus on sustainability and environmental protection has driven significant developments in research on waterborne pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Among these, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA)-modified core–shell polyacrylates show great potential as waterborne PSAs but are hindered by limited understanding of HFMA's effect on PSA properties. To address this challenge, we successfully synthesized a series of core–shell polyacrylate latex PSAs using (meth)acrylates as the primary monomer and HFMA as the modifying monomer, employing a monomer-starved seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization process. Comprehensive characterizations, including FTIR, XPS, DSC and TEM, confirmed the successful incorporation of HFMA into the latex copolymer and the formation of core–shell structures. Notably, increasing the HFMA content from 0 to 20 wt% significantly reduced the water absorption rate of the latex films from 15 to 4 wt% and decreased the surface tension from 42 to 34 mN/m. Concurrently, the water contact angle and water whitening resistance were greatly enhanced. Additionally, the loop tack and peel strength of the modified PSAs were improved by 81 and 89%, respectively. Furthermore, all PSA samples demonstrated high shear strength (> 72 h) and gel content (> 69 wt%), achieving a remarkable balance between cohesion and adhesion. This work offered a novel approach for designing waterborne PSAs with excellent water whitening resistance and high cohesion, broadening the possibilities for sustainable adhesive applications.

Graphical abstract

全球对可持续发展和环境保护的日益关注推动了水性压敏胶（psa）的研究取得了重大进展。其中，六氟甲基丙烯酸丁酯（HFMA）修饰的核壳聚丙烯酸酯作为水性PSA具有很大的潜力，但由于对HFMA对PSA性能影响的了解有限而受到阻碍。为了解决这一挑战，我们采用无单体种子半连续乳液聚合工艺，以（甲基）丙烯酸酯为一级单体，HFMA为改性单体，成功合成了一系列核壳型聚丙烯酸酯乳胶psa。FTIR、XPS、DSC和TEM等综合表征证实了HFMA成功加入到乳胶共聚物中，并形成了核-壳结构。值得注意的是，当HFMA含量从0 wt%增加到20 wt%时，乳胶膜的吸水率从15 wt%降低到4 wt%，表面张力从42 mN/m降低到34 mN/m。同时，水接触角和抗水白化性能均有较大提高。此外，改性后的PSAs的环扣强度和剥离强度分别提高了81%和89%。此外，所有PSA样品都具有较高的剪切强度（72小时）和凝胶含量（69 wt%），在内聚和粘附之间实现了显著的平衡。这项工作为设计具有优异的耐水增白性和高凝聚力的水性psa提供了一种新的方法，拓宽了可持续粘合剂应用的可能性。图形抽象

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