Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第5页

Development of polysulfone membranes and their application for removing rare earth ions from aqueous solutions by polyvinyl alcohol-enhanced ultrafiltration 聚砜膜的开发及其在通过聚乙烯醇增强超滤去除水溶液中稀土离子中的应用

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01325-6

Nourhen Ben Kraiem, Asma Rhimi, Khira Zlaoui, Karima Horchani-Naifer, Amor Hafiane, Dorra Jellouli Ennigrou

A polymeric ultrafiltration membrane was synthesized from a homogeneous solution of polysulfone (16 and 18% by weights) using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent by employing a phase inversion technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The membranes were tested for ultrafiltration properties such as yttrium and lanthanum retention, bovine serum albumin rejection, and ultrapure water permeation measurement. To increase the hydrophilicity of the polysulfone membranes, this study investigates how the amount of polysulfone affects the functions and structure of the membranes produced. Moreover, the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone improves the pore size of the membrane to become larger, which can increase its permeability and flux. Based on the results of retention and flux permeation results, a polysulfone membrane (16% by weights) showed the best performance. These membranes were subjected to ultrafiltration tests and the results showed an increased retention of yttrium ions and bovine serum albumin of 99.11% and 18%, respectively. The aim of this study is to evaluate the removal efficiency of yttrium and lanthanum ions (98%) at pH 6 under 4 bar transmembrane pressure using the polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration process by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol as a polyelectrolyte chelating agent.

Graphical Abstract

采用相反转技术，以 N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮为溶剂，从聚砜（重量比分别为 16% 和 18%）的均匀溶液中合成了一种聚合物超滤膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、水接触角和傅立叶变换红外光谱对制备的膜进行了表征。膜的超滤性能测试包括钇和镧的截留、牛血清白蛋白的排斥以及超纯水的渗透测量。为了增加聚砜膜的亲水性，本研究探讨了聚砜的用量如何影响所制备膜的功能和结构。此外，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的加入可使膜的孔径变大，从而提高其渗透性和通量。根据截留和通量渗透的结果，聚砜膜（重量百分比为 16%）的性能最佳。对这些膜进行了超滤测试，结果显示钇离子和牛血清白蛋白的截留率分别提高了 99.11% 和 18%。本研究的目的是评估在 pH 值为 6、跨膜压力为 4 巴的条件下，使用聚乙烯醇作为聚电解质螯合剂的聚电解质增强超滤工艺去除钇离子和镧离子的效率（98%）。

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引用次数: 0

Green based composite polyurethane coatings for steel 用于钢材的绿色复合聚氨酯涂料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01341-6

Dmitry S. Konovalov, Natalia N. Saprykina, Vjacheslav V. Zuev

The polyurethane composites based on vegetable source were prepared and their properties were investigated. Castor oil was used as polyol and diatomite and birch flour were used as fillers. The introduction of diatomite led to development of ordered quasi-lamellar morphology of polyurethane matrix. This effect in combination with loading of birch flour with fiber structure allowed to obtain polymer composites with improved tensile strength (up to 14 MPa, an increase on five times in comparison with the neat polyurethane). The glass-transition temperatures of polymer composites increased more than 40 °C relative to the neat polymer. Adhesion to steel increased more than in five times in comparison with the neat polyurethane for composite containing 20 wt% diatomite additives). The SEM and FTIR spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the microphase structure of the polyurethane composites. SEM micrographs showed that the diatomite particles served as nucleation centers for formation of lamellar-like structure of PU matrix. At the optimal loading (20 wt%) the almost uniform lamellar-like structure of PU matrix was formed, that provided the best mechanical performance of PU composites. However, as FTIR study showed, formation of lamellar-like structure of PU matrix did not induce its inner microphase transformation. The presence of wood fibers in composites, despite their better mechanical performance, led to the decrease of their adhesion to steel.

Graphical abstract

制备了基于植物来源的聚氨酯复合材料，并对其性能进行了研究。蓖麻油用作多元醇，硅藻土和桦树粉用作填料。硅藻土的引入使聚氨酯基质形成了有序的准胶束状形态。这种效应与纤维结构中的桦树粉负载相结合，使聚合物复合材料的拉伸强度得到提高（高达 14 兆帕，与纯聚氨酯相比提高了五倍）。与纯聚合物相比，聚合物复合材料的玻璃转化温度提高了 40 °C。与纯聚氨酯相比，含有 20 wt%硅藻土添加剂的复合材料对钢材的粘附力增加了五倍以上。）扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术用于评估聚氨酯复合材料的微相结构。扫描电镜显微照片显示，硅藻土颗粒是聚氨酯基质形成片状结构的成核中心。在最佳添加量（20 wt%）下，聚氨酯基体形成了几乎均匀的片状结构，从而使聚氨酯复合材料具有最佳的机械性能。然而，傅立叶变换红外光谱研究表明，聚氨酯基质片状结构的形成并没有引起其内部微相的转变。尽管复合材料具有更好的机械性能，但复合材料中木纤维的存在导致其与钢的粘附力下降。

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引用次数: 0

Morphology and surface properties of polystyrene-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) films 聚苯乙烯-块状-聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）薄膜的形态和表面特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01332-7

Elham Sabzi Dizajyekan, Morteza Nasiri, Farhang Abbasi

The self-assembly of diblock copolymers in thin films offers a promising method for developing innovative products in biomedical and engineering applications. In this study, we utilized amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PS-b-PNIPAM) diblock copolymers to explore and analyze the distinctive properties exhibited by their thin films when formed on the substrate. PS-b-PNIPAM copolymers, with different molecular weights (MWs) and narrow MW distributions, were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The subsequent fabrication of thin films, achieved through the spin coating method, revealed microphase separation phenomena. The interplay of MW and composition exerted a notable influence on the ordered structures, giving rise to a diverse array of morphologies within the thin films. This intricate relationship between molecular characteristics and the resulting material structures highlights the importance of tailoring both MW and composition for the precise control and manipulation of thin film properties in the context of PS-b-PNIPAM copolymers. We also examined the impact of conducting the direct immersion annealing (DIA) on surfaces created with the amphiphilic PS-b-PNIPAM copolymer. The thermo-responsivity of amphiphilic PS-b-PNIPAM copolymer and the effect of DIA on the surface properties were examined. Our results showed that the surface morphology could be controlled by the DIA process. Furthermore, it was observed that the MW of the diblock copolymers played a significant role in influencing the orientation of the separated microdomains, further emphasizing the multifaceted interplay of parameters in tailoring the properties of surfaces created with PS-b-PNIPAM copolymers.

Graphical Abstract

薄膜中二嵌段共聚物的自组装为开发生物医学和工程应用领域的创新产品提供了一种前景广阔的方法。在这项研究中，我们利用两亲性聚苯乙烯-嵌段-聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PS-b-PNIPAM）二嵌段共聚物来探索和分析它们在基底上形成薄膜时所表现出的独特性能。PS-b-PNIPAM 共聚物具有不同的分子量（MW）和较窄的分子量分布，是通过原子转移自由基聚合合成的。随后通过旋涂法制造薄膜，发现了微相分离现象。分子量和成分的相互作用对有序结构产生了显著的影响，从而在薄膜中形成了多种多样的形态。分子特性和由此产生的材料结构之间的这种错综复杂的关系突出表明，在 PS-b-PNIPAM 共聚物中，调整分子量和成分对于精确控制和操纵薄膜特性非常重要。我们还研究了直接浸渍退火（DIA）对两亲性 PS-b-PNIPAM 共聚物表面的影响。我们考察了两亲性 PS-b-PNIPAM 共聚物的热响应性以及 DIA 对表面特性的影响。结果表明，表面形态可由 DIA 工艺控制。此外，我们还观察到，二嵌段共聚物的分子量在影响分离微域的取向方面发挥了重要作用，这进一步强调了各种参数在定制 PS-b-PNIPAM 共聚物表面特性方面的多方面相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of sea sand reinforcement on the static and dynamic properties of functionally graded epoxy composites 海砂加固对功能分级环氧树脂复合材料静态和动态性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01340-7

T. S. Mohan Kumar, Sharnappa Joladarashi, S. M. Kulkarni, Saleemsab Doddamani

This study aims to study the static and dynamic properties of the functionally graded epoxy composites with sea sand particles as reinforcement. In this study, functionally graded polymer composites (FGPC) were fabricated by dispersing sea sand throughout the epoxy, exhibiting a spatially varying composition profile within the material. Physio-mechanical properties and high strain rate compression responses were determined for the prepared FGPC by varying the composition of sea sand [0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (by weight)]. The gradience analysis was performed using the burn-out test and weight method, and the results significantly matched, as well as the variation in gradation could be identified. The density and void content are increased with increased sea sand composition. Tensile and specific strength for neat epoxy shows a 2.41 times increase compared to 30% sea sand-filled epoxy. When loaded from the composite side of FGPC, flexural strength increased by 27.93%, hardness increased by 12.47%, and impact strength increased by 2.35 times for 30% sea sand-filled epoxy compared to neat epoxy. Under dynamic compression loading, FGPC was subjected to split-Hopkinson pressure bar experiments for neat and filled epoxy. These samples were deformed at strain rates in the 10³ s⁻¹ while subjected to pressures of 2, 3, and 4 bar. Stress–strain curves and the strain rate were computed using the raw data. High strain rates improve compressive strength, which increases exponentially as the strain rates increase. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the fractured specimen are employed to analyze the fracture characteristics.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在研究以海砂颗粒为增强体的功能分级环氧树脂复合材料的静态和动态特性。在这项研究中，通过在环氧树脂中分散海砂，制造出了功能分级聚合物复合材料（FGPC），在材料内部呈现出空间变化的成分剖面。通过改变海砂成分[0%、10%、20%和 30%（重量比）]，测定了所制备 FGPC 的物理机械性能和高应变率压缩响应。采用烧损试验和重量法进行了级配分析，结果明显吻合，并且可以确定级配的变化。密度和空隙率随着海砂成分的增加而增加。与填充 30% 海砂的环氧树脂相比，纯环氧树脂的拉伸强度和比强度提高了 2.41 倍。从 FGPC 的复合侧加载时，与纯环氧相比，30% 海砂填充环氧的抗弯强度提高了 27.93%，硬度提高了 12.47%，冲击强度提高了 2.35 倍。在动态压缩加载条件下，对纯净环氧和填充环氧的 FGPC 进行了劈裂-霍普金森压杆实验。这些样品在 2、3 和 4 巴的压力下以 103 s-1 的应变速率变形。利用原始数据计算了应力-应变曲线和应变率。高应变率提高了抗压强度，随着应变率的增加，抗压强度呈指数增长。断裂试样的扫描电子显微镜显微照片用于分析断裂特征。图表摘要

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引用次数: 0

Influence of heat assisted friction stir processing on the mechanical properties and cell viability in PLA/basalt/graphene nanocomposites 热辅助摩擦搅拌加工对聚乳酸/沥青/石墨烯纳米复合材料机械性能和细胞活力的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01343-4

Arun Nallathambi, Prakash Muniyandi

Polylactic acid (PLA) composites have been widely used in biomedical implants because of biocompatibility and improved mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to produce the polymer nanocomposite with the graphene nanoparticles as a filler through heat-assisted shoulder less friction stir processing (FSP) and to investigate the effect of the process parameter on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics. Rotational speed of 600 rpm is kept constant, tool feed rate of 10, 15 and 20 mm/min, volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 15% of graphene nanopowder and shoulder temperature of 35, 40 and 45 °C are taken as parameters to conduct the FSP. Response surface methodology (RSM) is performed to identify the process parameters which significantly affect the process. Microstructural observations have been conducted to confirm the presence of graphene nanoparticles along the direction of the FSP. In addition, the tensile and microhardness tests have been carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of the prepared samples. The results of methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay analysis conducted on human osteoblastic cell line (MG63) show that the sample fabricated with 10% and 15% of graphene nanoparticles is nontoxic and holds a better survivability after a 48 h of study under in vitro culture conditions for tissue in-growth and confirms that this could be applicable for bone implants. The findings of the ANOVA verify that the temperature is the least important factor for producing a composite with better performance, while the volume percentage and feed rate are the most important factors.

Graphical abstract

聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料因其生物相容性和更好的机械性能而被广泛应用于生物医学植入物中。本研究旨在通过热辅助肩式少摩擦搅拌加工（FSP）制备以石墨烯纳米颗粒为填料的聚合物纳米复合材料，并研究工艺参数对微观结构和机械特性的影响。在进行 FSP 时，转速保持恒定为 600 rpm，刀具进给速度分别为 10、15 和 20 mm/min，石墨烯纳米粉体的体积分数分别为 5%、10% 和 15%，肩温分别为 35、40 和 45 °C。采用响应面方法 (RSM) 确定对工艺有重大影响的工艺参数。通过微观结构观察，确认了石墨烯纳米颗粒沿 FSP 方向的存在。此外，还进行了拉伸和显微硬度测试，以分析制备样品的机械性能。在人成骨细胞系（MG63）上进行的甲基噻唑四氮唑（MTT）检测分析结果表明，在体外培养条件下进行 48 小时的组织内生长研究后，含有 10% 和 15% 石墨烯纳米颗粒的样品是无毒的，并具有更好的存活率，这也证实了它可用于骨植入物。方差分析结果证实，温度是生产性能更好的复合材料的最不重要因素，而体积百分比和进料速率则是最重要的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Boron adsorption studies of poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) latex: effect of modification agents 聚（苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯）胶乳的硼吸附研究：改性剂的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01342-5

Cansel Tuncer, Meliha Işık

Poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSGMA) latex was synthesized by emulsion polymerization method. PSGMA latex was modified with N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG), 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (BAPE), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HEA), and N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (NMEA). The presence of N amount varying between 2.1 and 4.4% in the results of elemental analysis showed that the modification was successful. Boron adsorption studies were carried out using these modified latexes. The study was carried out using the curcumin method by UV–vis spectrophotometry. For the most effective adsorption process, at pH value of 9, the boron concentration was 10 ppm and the contact time was 60 min. It was found that latex modified with NMDG had a higher adsorption capacity (0.195 mmol/g) than other modified latexes. Particle sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The particle diameter of PSGMA latex was found to be approximately 140 nm in SEM analysis and the particles were almost monodisperse. After PSGMA latex was modified with NMDG, BAPE, HEA, and NMEA agents and boron adsorption was performed, it was observed that the particle diameters increased to approximately 170, 270, 220, and 260 nm, respectively. An elemental analyzer was used to determine the %N of the structures. The %B₂O₃ of the structures was determined with a thermogravimetric analyzer. While thermal analysis studies showed that organic components were completely removed from the structure at 700 °C, residues ranging from 4.8 to 10.4% (%B₂O₃) were found in boron adsorption polymers. The %B amounts were determined with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy device. It was observed that the amount of adsorbed boron varied between 0.42 and 0.95%, and the highest amount of %B belonged to latex modified with NMDG due to its very simple structure and the location of the –OH groups.

Graphical Abstract

采用乳液聚合法合成了聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（PSGMA）胶乳。用 N-甲基-d-葡糖胺（NMDG）、1,2-双（3-氨基丙基氨基）乙烷（BAPE）、N-（2-羟乙基）乙二胺（HEA）和 N,N'-二甲基乙二胺（NMEA）对 PSGMA 胶乳进行改性。元素分析结果显示，N 的含量在 2.1% 到 4.4% 之间，这表明改性是成功的。使用这些改性胶乳进行了硼吸附研究。研究采用姜黄素法，通过紫外-可见分光光度法进行。最有效的吸附过程是在 pH 值为 9、硼浓度为 10 ppm 和接触时间为 60 分钟的条件下进行的。结果发现，与其他改性胶乳相比，用 NMDG 改性的胶乳具有更高的吸附容量（0.195 mmol/g）。通过动态光散射光谱法和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析确定了颗粒大小。扫描电子显微镜分析发现，PSGMA 胶乳的颗粒直径约为 140 nm，颗粒几乎是单分散的。用 NMDG、BAPE、HEA 和 NMEA 剂对 PSGMA 胶乳进行改性并进行硼吸附后，观察到颗粒直径分别增加到约 170、270、220 和 260 nm。使用元素分析仪测定了结构的 N%。使用热重分析仪测定了结构的 B2O3%。热分析研究表明，有机成分在 700 °C 时已从结构中完全去除，但在硼吸附聚合物中发现了 4.8% 至 10.4% 的残留物（%B2O3）。硼的含量是通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定的。结果表明，吸附硼的量在 0.42% 到 0.95% 之间变化，其中用 NMDG 改性的胶乳吸附硼的量最高，这是因为它的结构非常简单，而且 -OH 基团的位置也很重要。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of a preformed hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and related gel-breakers with potential application for conformance control 基于聚丙烯酰胺和相关破凝胶剂的预成型水凝胶的合成及其在一致性控制中的潜在应用

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01336-3

A. B. Pereira Kaio, F. Oliveira Priscila, T. Batista Beatriz, R. E. Mansur Claudia

In oil recovery processes, fluids injected to increase oil production may find preferential paths or fractured rocks that offer less resistance to passage through the reservoir, leaving many areas of the reservoir without being swept and consequently reducing the oil recovery efficiency, increasing water production compared to oil production. Conformance control technique can be applied to avoid these problems and then redirect the injected fluids to the segments that were previously not being reached. The preformed particle gels (PPG) have been evaluated for this application, which were obtained from precursor hydrogels and injected into oil reservoirs in the form of brine suspensions. In this study, an evaluation was conducted on the thermal, rheological, morphological, stability, and swelling properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) PPG. Another study of this work was the evaluation of gel-breaker systems based on ammonium persulfate and sodium hypochlorite, which can be used to solve eventual operational problems arising from obstructions in the PPG application. The results indicated that the optimal chemical composition of the precursors consisted of 1.0% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with 3.0% polyethyleneimine (PEI). This combination exhibited higher material strength and swelling capacity, exceeding 20 times its initial mass. The ammonium persulphate proved to be a powerful gel-breaker, causing reductions in elastic modulus by as much as 97%, alongside causing structural damage that was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Graphical abstract

在采油过程中，为提高产油量而注入的流体可能会在油藏中找到阻力较小的优先路径或断裂岩石，从而使油藏中的许多区域没有被扫过，从而降低了采油效率，使产水量高于产油量。可以采用一致性控制技术来避免这些问题，然后将注入的流体重新导向之前未到达的区段。针对这一应用评估了预成型颗粒凝胶（PPG），这种凝胶是从前体水凝胶中提取的，以盐水悬浮液的形式注入油藏。在这项研究中，对与聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）交联的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（PHPA）PPG 的热、流变、形态、稳定性和膨胀特性进行了评估。这项工作的另一项研究是评估基于过硫酸铵和次氯酸钠的凝胶破坏系统，该系统可用于解决 PPG 应用中因障碍物而产生的最终操作问题。结果表明，前体的最佳化学成分包括 1.0% 的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（PHPA）与 3.0% 的聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）交联。这种组合显示出更高的材料强度和膨胀能力，超过其初始质量的 20 倍。过硫酸铵被证明是一种强大的凝胶破坏剂，可使弹性模量降低多达 97%，同时造成结构破坏，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）证实了这一点。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of process variables on near-field electrospinning of polycaprolactone studied by response surface methodology 用响应面方法研究工艺变量对聚己内酯近场电纺丝的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01339-0

Ali Reza Khodabandeh, Ali Akbar Yousefi, Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani

Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is a unique method of additive manufacturing (AM) that combines features from conventional electrospinning (CES) and direct ink writing (DIW). NFES allows for the production of nano/micro-scale fibers, similar to CES, while also enabling the creation of fibers and regular structures like DIW. This unique combination sets NFES apart from other AM methods, offering advantages such as low cost, high resolution, compatibility with various materials, and reproducibility. As a result of these properties, NFES has found applications in diverse fields, including tissue engineering, sensors, and electronics. In this study, for a better structural design of the fibrous polycaprolactone construct, the surface response methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of process variables such as polymer concentration, flow rate, voltage, distance, and collector speed on fiber diameter. The relationship between these parameters and fiber diameter was analyzed. The collector speed was found to have the most influence on fiber diameter, while voltage had the least effect. A statistical model was developed to describe the interactions between these parameters and fiber diameter, validated through experimental tests. The model accurately predicted fiber diameter with less than 16% difference and can be applied to fabricate fibrous constructs by NFES.

Graphical abstract

近场电纺丝（NFES）是一种独特的增材制造（AM）方法，它结合了传统电纺丝（CES）和直接墨水写入（DIW）的特点。NFES 可以生产纳米级/微米级纤维，与 CES 相似，同时还能像 DIW 一样制造纤维和规则结构。这种独特的组合使 NFES 有别于其他 AM 方法，具有成本低、分辨率高、与各种材料兼容和可重复性强等优点。由于这些特性，NFES 已在组织工程、传感器和电子学等多个领域得到应用。在本研究中，为了更好地设计纤维状聚己内酯结构，采用了表面响应法（RSM）来研究聚合物浓度、流速、电压、距离和收集器速度等工艺变量对纤维直径的影响。分析了这些参数与纤维直径之间的关系。结果发现，收集器速度对纤维直径的影响最大，而电压的影响最小。建立了一个统计模型来描述这些参数与纤维直径之间的相互作用，并通过实验测试进行了验证。该模型准确预测了纤维直径，差值小于 16%，可用于通过 NFES 制造纤维结构。

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引用次数: 0

Permeability and mechanical properties of nanoclay/epoxy liner used in type IV liquid oxygen vessel: experimental and numerical study 用于 IV 型液氧容器的纳米粘土/环氧衬垫的渗透性和机械性能：实验和数值研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01324-7

Amirreza Ardebili, Mohammad Hossein Alaei, Amir Kaveh, Jafar Eskandari Jam

Consideration of the permeability and safety aspects of liquid oxygen (LOX) storage is of particular importance, because oxygen leaks can break down spacecraft missions. In this study, the effect of adding nanoclay to epoxy resin on the bending and tensile capacities of a clay/epoxy nanocomposite for using as a liner in type IV LOX was investigated experimentally and statistically. Consequently, samples were initially made with different nanoclay contents (0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% all by weights) using two distinct dispersion processes (HSS and ultrasonic), then evaluated using bending, tensile, and permeability testing methods, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In the optimal sample with 1% (weight) of nanoclay mixed with ultrasonic process, the permeability was reduced by 35%, the Young's modulus was improved by 3.5 times, and the toughness and fracture energy were increased by 3 times compared to the pure resin. However, all samples lost between 10 and 20% of their tensile strength due to the breakage of polymer chain links. Simulation findings revealed that at burst pressure, the tank with modified resin liner deforms four times less than PP and 50% more than PET without any rupture.

Graphical abstract

考虑液氧（LOX）储存的渗透性和安全问题尤为重要，因为氧气泄漏会导致航天器任务失败。在本研究中，通过实验和统计学方法研究了在环氧树脂中添加纳米粘土对粘土/环氧纳米复合材料弯曲和拉伸能力的影响，该复合材料可用作 IV 型液氧衬垫。因此，首先使用两种不同的分散工艺（高速钢和超声波）制作了不同纳米含量（按重量计分别为 0.5%、1%、3% 和 5%）的样品，然后使用弯曲、拉伸和渗透测试方法以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）进行了评估。与纯树脂相比，在超声波工艺中混合 1%（重量）纳米粘土的最佳样品的渗透性降低了 35%，杨氏模量提高了 3.5 倍，韧性和断裂能提高了 3 倍。然而，由于聚合物链节断裂，所有样品的拉伸强度都下降了 10% 到 20%。模拟结果表明，在爆破压力下，改性树脂内衬储罐的变形比聚丙烯小四倍，比 PET 大 50%，且不会发生任何破裂。

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引用次数: 0

A review of pullulan nanopolymer derived from agro-food waste and its applications 综述从农业食品废弃物中提取的纤维素纳米聚合物及其应用

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01338-1

Richa Prasad Mahato, Saurabh Kumar

Pullulan is a microbial exopolysaccharide hydrogel biopolymer that is biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. However, to meet the demands of the utilization, it is still necessary to enhance the yield and molecular characteristics of pullulan formed by different strains. Available in powder form, pullulan enhances the benefits of this natural material when combined with nanoparticles (NPs) and synthesized into pullulan NPs. NPs are gaining attention as a cutting-edge technology in the fields of pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, agriculture processing, and packaging. Pullulan biopolymers provide an environmentally friendly solution that effectively addresses the world's waste disposal issue by removing untreated waste from the agro-food industries and using this waste as a potential substrate for pullulan biosynthesis. Nowadays, pullulan in the form of NPs, nanocomposites, and nanoformulation has become increasingly popular because of their specific application needs with enhanced molecular properties like strength, durability, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. This approach offers a valuable product called pullulan-based nanopolymer, which holds promise in various industries. Pullulan with the highest yield capacity to date has the potential to significantly decrease production costs and increase applicability range. This review provides detailed insights into the latest methods for extracting pullulan biopolymers from agricultural and food waste materials in the form of polysaccharides. Moreover, the article covers the synthesis of various types of pullulan-based nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanoformulations. Furthermore, it delves into the diverse applications of these pullulan nanopolymers across agriculture, food and medical sectors.

Graphical abstract

普鲁兰是一种微生物外多糖水凝胶生物聚合物，具有生物降解性、可再生性和环保性。然而，为了满足利用需求，仍有必要提高不同菌株形成的普鲁兰的产量和分子特性。拉鲁兰以粉末形式存在，当与纳米颗粒（NPs）结合并合成为拉鲁兰 NPs 时，可提高这种天然材料的效益。作为制药、医药、食品、农业加工和包装领域的尖端技术，纳米粒子正日益受到关注。拉普兰生物聚合物提供了一种环境友好型解决方案，通过清除农业食品工业中未经处理的废物，并利用这些废物作为拉普兰生物合成的潜在底物，有效解决了世界废物处理问题。如今，由于其特定的应用需求，以 NPs、纳米复合材料和纳米制剂形式存在的具有增强的分子特性（如强度、耐久性、导电性和催化活性）的拉胶已变得越来越受欢迎。这种方法提供了一种名为 "基于普鲁兰的纳米聚合物 "的宝贵产品，在各行各业中大有可为。迄今为止产量最高的普鲁兰具有显著降低生产成本和扩大应用范围的潜力。本综述详细介绍了以多糖形式从农业和食品废料中提取拉普兰生物聚合物的最新方法。此外，文章还介绍了各种类型的基于拉普兰的纳米颗粒、纳米复合材料和纳米制剂的合成。此外，文章还深入探讨了这些拉普兰纳米聚合物在农业、食品和医疗领域的各种应用。

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引用次数: 0