Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第5页

Preparation of rare-earth LDHs stabilizers and their effects on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) 稀土 LDHs 稳定剂的制备及其对聚氯乙烯热稳定性的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01363-0

Peijie Jia, Jinsheng Duan, Zhaogang Liu, Yilin Li, Guifang Du, Yanhong Hu, Jinxiu Wu

This study delves into the exploration of zinc lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–La-LDHs) and zinc aluminum lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–Al–La-LDHs) as potential thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The investigation aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of the above rare-earth (RE) LDHs in combination with dibenzoylmethane (β-diketone), pentaerythritol (PE), and other commonly employed heat stabilizers on PVC’s crucial properties, including thermal stability, plasticization, and mechanical strength. The experimental findings demonstrated notable enhancements in PVC’s thermal stability upon incorporation of RE-LDHs, β-diketone, and PE. This enhancement is attributed to the ability of RE-LDHs to effectively hinder degradation reactions within the PVC matrix, thereby increasing its degradation activation energy and overall stability. Moreover, the integration of RE-LDHs contributes significantly to improving PVC’s plasticization and mechanical properties, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of applications. While both Zn–La-LDHs and Zn–Al–La-LDHs exhibited good thermal stability, Zn–La-LDHs demonstrated slightly inferior performance compared to Zn–Al–La-LDHs. This distinction underscores the importance of considering the specific characteristics of each LDHs compound when formulating PVC stabilizer systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of RE-LDHs as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional PVC stabilizers, offering opportunities to develop sustainable stabilizer formulations that address environmental concerns associated with conventional stabilizers. In conclusion, the synthesis and application of RE-LDHs represent a significant advancement in PVC stabilization technology, providing a viable and environmentally conscious approach to enhancing the performance and longevity of PVC-based materials.

Graphical abstract

本研究探讨了锌镧系层状双氢氧化物（Zn-La-LDHs）和锌铝镧系层状双氢氧化物（Zn-Al-La-LDHs）作为聚氯乙烯（PVC）潜在热稳定剂的可能性。这项研究旨在阐明上述稀土（RE）层状双氢氧化物与二苯甲酰基甲烷（β-二酮）、季戊四醇（PE）和其他常用热稳定剂结合使用对聚氯乙烯关键性能（包括热稳定性、塑化和机械强度）的协同作用。实验结果表明，加入 RE-LDHs、β-二酮和 PE 后，聚氯乙烯的热稳定性显著提高。这种增强归因于 RE-LDHs 能够有效阻碍聚氯乙烯基质内的降解反应，从而提高其降解活化能和整体稳定性。此外，RE-LDHs 的加入还大大改善了聚氯乙烯的塑化和机械性能，使其适用于各种不同的应用领域。虽然 Zn-La-LDHs 和 Zn-Al-La-LDHs 都具有良好的热稳定性，但 Zn-La-LDHs 的性能略逊于 Zn-Al-La-LDHs。这种区别强调了在配制聚氯乙烯稳定剂体系时考虑每种 LDHs 化合物具体特性的重要性。此外，本研究还强调了 RE-LDHs 作为传统 PVC 稳定剂的环保型替代品的潜力，为开发可持续稳定剂配方提供了机会，从而解决了与传统稳定剂相关的环境问题。总之，RE-LDHs 的合成和应用代表了聚氯乙烯稳定化技术的重大进步，为提高聚氯乙烯基材料的性能和使用寿命提供了一种可行且具有环保意识的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams obtained from reactive phosphorus-containing polyols dispersed in polyethylene glycol 由分散在聚乙二醇中的活性含磷多元醇获得的柔性聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4

Stanley Olivier Kanemoto, Pierre Christelle Mvondo Onana, Arnaud Maxime Yona Cheumani, Maurice Kor Ndikontar, Madurai Suguna Lakshmi

Flame-retardant and flexibility-enhanced phosphorus-polyurethane foams (P-PUF)s were prepared from phosphorus–hydroxyl precursors and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polyols. In the first step, three different precursors, such as tris-(5-hydroxypentyl) phosphate (P-Pen-OHs), tris-(4-hydroxybutyl) phosphate (P-But-OHs), and tris-(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphate (P-Pro-OHs) were synthesized and used as flame retardants. In the second step, the precursors were made to react with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to modify the flexibility and flame retardancy properties of the P-PUF product. The P-PUFs were obtained by a one-shot process system and then analyzed for their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive strength properties. Among all P-PUF samples, P-But-PUF showed the best compressive properties with a Young’s modulus value of 0.167 MPa. The compressive properties of P-PUF are found to be proportional to their relative density. These results show that the chemical structure of the phosphorus–hydroxyl precursor had a slight effect on the compressive properties as well as the porosity of the final materials. All the foams had T_g values in the range of 58–70 ℃ and their thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere started around 100 ℃. From the limiting oxygen index test, P-PUF samples are considered marginally stable materials with a slow-burning behavior that confirms the efficiency of reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants.

Graphic abstract

以磷羟基前体和聚乙二醇（PEG）为多元醇制备了阻燃性和柔韧性增强型磷聚氨酯泡沫（P-PUF）。第一步，合成了三种不同的前体，如磷酸三（5-羟基戊基）酯（P-Pen-OHs）、磷酸三（4-羟基丁基）酯（P-But-OHs）和磷酸三（3-羟基丙基）酯（P-Pro-OHs），并将其用作阻燃剂。第二步是使前体与甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯发生反应，以改变 P-PUF 产品的柔韧性和阻燃性能。P-PUF 通过一次成型工艺系统制得，然后对其热稳定性、阻燃性和抗压强度性能进行了分析。在所有 P-PUF 样品中，P-But-PUF 的抗压性能最好，其杨氏模量值为 0.167 兆帕。研究发现，P-PUF 的抗压性能与其相对密度成正比。这些结果表明，磷羟基前体的化学结构对最终材料的压缩性能和孔隙率有轻微影响。所有泡沫的 Tg 值都在 58-70 ℃ 之间，在氮气环境中的热降解始于 100 ℃ 左右。从极限氧指数测试来看，P-PUF 样品被认为是具有缓慢燃烧行为的边缘稳定材料，这证实了反应性磷基阻燃剂的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Modification of fly ash cenospheres by 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) for anticorrosive coating applications 用 3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷 (GPTMS) 改性粉煤灰仙人球，用于防腐涂层应用

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01359-w

Mithilesh Kogje, Siddhesh Mestry, Jyoti Darsan Mohanty, S. T. Mhaske

The present work focused on the functionalization of fly ash cenospheres (FACs) by GPTMS for anticorrosive applications. FACs are an industrial waste product from coal industry that possesses valuable properties such as lightweight, low water absorption, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness. Epoxy is one of the best materials for superior corrosion performance and excellent substrate adhesion and therefore was chosen as the base matrix. 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was selected as the suitable silane functionalization agent (with the variation of 2, 4, and 6 wt% of cenospheres due to its compatibility with epoxy resin). GPTMS can help corrosion control by forming dense Si–O–Si networks that act as a protective barrier against water, aggressive ions, etc. FTIR and XRD analyses studied the primary structural confirmation of silane-modified cenosphere, while the morphology was studied by SEM analysis. TGA and DTG curves investigated the thermal properties of the coatings, while EIS studies evaluated the anticorrosive attributes. The EIS results showed that the corrosion rate decreased as the percentage of silane increased in the coating, which indicates the superior anticorrosion behaviour of the 6 GPTMS FAC–epoxy sample compared to others.

Graphical abstract

本研究的重点是利用 GPTMS 对粉煤灰仙人球（FACs）进行功能化处理，以实现防腐应用。粉煤灰是煤炭工业的一种工业废料，具有轻质、低吸水性、耐腐蚀和化学惰性等宝贵特性。环氧树脂是防腐性能和基材附着力最好的材料之一，因此被选为基体。3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) 被选为合适的硅烷官能化剂（由于其与环氧树脂的兼容性，仙人球的重量百分比为 2、4 和 6）。GPTMS 可以形成致密的 Si-O-Si 网络，对水和腐蚀性离子等起到保护作用，从而有助于腐蚀控制。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析研究了硅烷改性仙人球的主要结构确认，而扫描电镜分析则研究了其形貌。TGA 和 DTG 曲线研究了涂层的热特性，而 EIS 研究则评估了涂层的防腐特性。EIS 结果表明，随着硅烷在涂层中所占比例的增加，腐蚀速率也随之降低，这表明 6 GPTMS FAC-epoxy 样品的防腐性能优于其他样品。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of novel pectin-based copper oxide nanocomposite and its application for removal and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution 新型果胶基氧化铜纳米复合材料的合成与表征及其在去除和光催化降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝中的应用

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01355-0

Ravi Kumar, Poorn Prakash Pande, Arbind Chaurasiya, Kajal Kumar Dey, Nandita Kushwaha, Praveen Kumar, Kopal Kashaudhan

The pectin-modified hydrogel-copper oxide nanocomposite (PMH@CuO) has been successfully synthesized using free radical polymerization method by incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pectin-modified hydrogel (PMH) network. The target of this work was to examine the usage of PMH@CuO nanocomposite for eliminating methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as well as PMH@CuO nanocomposite have been characterized by several techniques, viz., UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopies, TGA, ΔpH_pzc, XRD, and SEM analyses. The percentage removal of MB dye has been found to be 98.41% at pH of 7 during 30 min with dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and dosage of adsorbent 1.2 g/L, at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics has been found to fit perfectly with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data fit appreciably with Langmuir isotherm model, representing monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity (q_e) of 132.27 mg/g at 25℃. A thermodynamic analysis revealed that the MB dye adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process and resulted in lowering of entropy. The photocatalytic activity of the PMH@CuO nanocomposite has been found to be quite notable as the degradation of 80.20% of MB dye was observed within 60 min under visible light. Moreover, the synthesized nanocomposite was reusable up to five adsorption and desorption cycles with 86.8% of adsorption and 85.4% of desorption in fifth cycle.

Graphical Abstract

通过在果胶改性水凝胶（PMH）网络中加入氧化铜纳米粒子，利用自由基聚合法成功合成了果胶改性水凝胶-氧化铜纳米复合材料（PMH@CuO）。这项工作的目标是研究 PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料在消除水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料方面的应用。CuO 纳米粒子（NPs）和 PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料已通过多种技术进行了表征，即紫外-可见光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱、热重分析、ΔpHpzc、XRD 和扫描电镜分析。结果表明，当染料浓度为 50 毫克/升、吸附剂用量为 1.2 克/升、pH 值为 7、温度为 25 摄氏度时，30 分钟内 MB 染料的去除率为 98.41%。吸附动力学完全符合伪二阶动力学模型。吸附数据明显符合 Langmuir 等温线模型，代表单层吸附，25℃ 时的最大吸附容量（qe）为 132.27 毫克/克。热力学分析表明，甲基溴染料吸附是一个自发的放热过程，并导致熵值降低。PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料的光催化活性非常显著，在可见光下 60 分钟内就降解了 80.20% 的甲基溴染料。此外，合成的纳米复合材料可重复使用五个吸附和解吸周期，第五个周期的吸附率为 86.8%，解吸率为 85.4%。

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引用次数: 0

Improved thermal conductivity of immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend by controlling selective localization of aluminum nitride (AlN) 通过控制氮化铝 (AlN) 的选择性定位，提高不相溶聚酰胺 6 (PA6) / 聚烯烃弹性体 (POE) 混合物的导热性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01352-3

Marjan Shahmir, Shervin Ahmadi, Hassan Arabi

The effect of selective localization of aluminum nitride (AlN) on the thermal conductivity of immiscible polyamide 6/polyolefin elastomer (PA6/POE/70/30) was studied. Morphological characterization proved that the neat blend had droplet-matrix morphology, and adding 10% (by wt) AlN to the minor phase resulted in stable co-continuous morphology formation. We have shown that the localization of AlN depends on the interfacial tensions between different blend components. AlN, which was first wetted by POE phase, tended to migrate to the interface due to thermodynamic tendency. AlN was first wetted by the PA6 phase following its dispersion in this phase. The rheological results confirmed the strong peculated structure formed in 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample and better thermal conductivity compared to pure blend. The thermogravimetric measurement revealed that the thermal stability of the composite with a double percolation structure increased by 8 °C compared to the pure sample. DSC analysis results showed that the crystallinity of 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample decreased nearly 25% due to increased interfacial area. The impact strength of 70-30-AO₁₀ reached 8.8 kJ.mm^–2, which was about 2 times higher than the pure PA6. The thermal conductivity of PA6/POE composite with 10% (by wt) AlN was enhanced to 3.76 W.(mK)⁻¹, nearly nine times higher than the pure blend. In summary, a stable co-continuous morphology with high thermal conductivity, fairly good mechanical properties, and low percolation threshold were obtained in immiscible (PA6/POE/70/30) blend by controlling the selective localization of 10% (by wt) AlN particles which can be a perspective for designing and producing composites especially in electronic devices.

Graphical abstract

研究了氮化铝（AlN）的选择性定位对不相溶聚酰胺 6/聚烯烃弹性体（PA6/POE/70/30）导热性的影响。形态学表征证明，纯混合物具有液滴-基质形态，在次相中添加 10%（重量比）的 AlN 可形成稳定的共连续形态。我们已经证明，AlN 的定位取决于不同混合成分之间的界面张力。首先被 POE 相润湿的 AlN 由于热力学趋势倾向于迁移到界面。AlN 在 PA6 相中分散后，首先被该相润湿。流变学结果证实，70/30/10（PA6/POE/AlN）样品形成了较强的派生结构，与纯混合物相比具有更好的导热性。热重测量结果表明，与纯样品相比，具有双渗流结构的复合材料的热稳定性提高了 8 ℃。DSC 分析结果表明，由于界面面积增大，70/30/10（PA6/POE/AlN）样品的结晶度降低了近 25%。70-30-AO10 的冲击强度达到 8.8 kJ.mm-2，是纯 PA6 的 2 倍。含有 10%（重量比）AlN 的 PA6/POE 复合材料的热导率提高到 3.76 W.(mK)-1，比纯共混物高出近 9 倍。总之，通过控制 10%（重量比）AlN 颗粒的选择性定位，在不相溶（PA6/POE/70/30）共混物中获得了稳定的共连续形貌、高热导率、相当好的机械性能和低渗流阈值，这为设计和生产复合材料（尤其是电子设备）提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Mercerized flax-g-poly(polyvinyl alcohol + acrylic acid) reinforced polyester resin derived from waste plastic bottles: dynamic mechanical analysis and chemical-thermal resistance 从废塑料瓶中提取的丝光亚麻-聚（聚乙烯醇+丙烯酸）增强聚酯树脂：动态力学分析和耐化学-热性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01356-z

Himani Sharma, Susmriti Dolui, Saksham, Divyansh Saini, Raman Bedi, Balbir Singh Kaith

The aim of present work is to fabricate a polyester composite reinforced with mercerized flax-g-poly(polyvinyl alchol + acrylic acid) copolymer. In addition, a comparative study of mechanical properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was made as a function of reinforcement of matrix with raw flax (rFlax) and mercerized flax (mFlax) in order to be able to use such composites in water resistant wall panelling, cupboards and furniture tops. Polyester resin was derived from waste plastic bottles. Binary vinyl monomer mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic acid (AA) was graft copolymerized onto mFlax and a graft yield of 118.3% was obtained. Grafted mFlax showed higher acid–base, solvent and thermal resistance. Composites prepared were studied for different mechanical parameters like storage modulus, loss modulus and damping. The mFlax-g-poly(PVA + AA) reinforced composite showed higher storage modulus (E’) and exhibited higher Tanδ value which indicated superior damping properties. A higher glass transition temperature was also observed, which was further supported by thermal studies. The novelty of the present work is the approach of waste to wealth, in which chemically modified textile waste and recycled plastic resins were used in the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties obtained through DMA showed that the composite reinforced with chemically modified flax had better storage modulus, loss modulus and damping properties.

Graphical abstract

本研究旨在制造一种用丝光亚麻-聚（聚乙烯醇胆+丙烯酸）共聚物增强的聚酯复合材料。此外，还利用动态机械分析（DMA）技术对机械性能进行了比较研究，以确定生亚麻（rFlax）和丝光亚麻（mFlax）对基体的增强作用，从而将这种复合材料用于防水壁板、橱柜和家具面板。聚酯树脂取自废塑料瓶。聚乙烯醇（PVA）和丙烯酸（AA）的二元乙烯基单体混合物被接枝共聚到亚麻上，接枝率达到 118.3%。接枝的 mFlax 具有更高的耐酸碱性、耐溶剂性和耐热性。研究了所制备复合材料的不同机械参数，如储存模量、损失模量和阻尼。mFlax-g 聚（PVA + AA）增强复合材料显示出更高的存储模量（E'）和更高的 Tanδ 值，这表明其具有优异的阻尼特性。此外，还观察到较高的玻璃化转变温度，热研究进一步证实了这一点。本研究的新颖之处在于采用了变废为宝的方法，在制备复合材料时使用了经过化学改性的纺织废料和回收塑料树脂。通过 DMA 获得的机械性能表明，用化学改性亚麻增强的复合材料具有更好的储存模量、损失模量和阻尼性能。

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引用次数: 0

Compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends with and without Joncryl® compatibilizer: a comprehensive study of mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties 含有和不含 Joncryl® 相容剂的回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/聚酰胺 11 混合物的兼容性和混溶性：机械、热和热机械特性的综合研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y

Unsia Habib, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Zurina Binti Mohamad

This innovative study explores the enhanced compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 11 (RPET/PA-11), particularly when modified with Joncryl^®, a compatibilizer. This investigation marks the first venture into the detailed thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Remarkably, the addition of 20% (by weight) PA-11 to RPET significantly boosts tensile strength from 18.5 ± 2.64 to 32.20 ± 4.95 MPa, flexural strength from 27.90 ± 3.17 to 46.75 ± 0.78 MPa, and impact strength from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Furthermore, introducing 2 phr Joncryl^® further fortifies these strengths to 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa, 63.12 ± 4.75 MPa, and 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m, respectively. The study revealed a rise in the storage modulus of RPET from 1128 to 1298.5 MPa with 20% (by weight) of PA-11. Compatibility and miscibility assessments through Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validate the blend's uniformity. DSC reveals that the melting temperatures for RPET/PA-11 blends with varying PA-11 concentrations closely match the melting temperature of pure RPET, signifying stable thermal properties. DSC results confirmed that the T_m1 temperature for cold crystallization drops with the addition of Joncryl^® content, suggesting improved interaction and miscibility between RPET and PA-11. TGA results disclosed that Joncryl^® compatibilizer, especially at 2 phr, boosts the thermal stability of RPET/PA-11 blends by improving miscibility. The 2 phr Joncryl^® blend was identified as the most robust in properties. This ground-breaking research highlights the potential of RPET in automotive and future advancements in polymer science.

Graphical abstract

这项创新性研究探讨了再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚酰胺 11 (RPET/PA-11) 的兼容性和混溶性，尤其是在使用相容剂 Joncryl® 进行改性后。这项研究是对混合物的详细热性能和热机械性能的首次尝试。值得注意的是，在 RPET 中添加 20% 的 PA-11（按重量计）可显著提高拉伸强度，从 18.5 ± 2.64 兆帕提高到 32.20 ± 4.95 兆帕，弯曲强度从 27.90 ± 3.17 兆帕提高到 46.75 ± 0.78 兆帕，冲击强度从 110.53 焦耳/米提高到 147.12 焦耳/米。此外，加入 2 phr Joncryl® 后，这些强度分别进一步提高到 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa、63.12 ± 4.75 MPa 和 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m。研究表明，添加 20% 的 PA-11 后，RPET 的储存模量从 1128 兆帕增加到 1298.5 兆帕。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、动态机械分析（DMA）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对相容性和混溶性进行评估，验证了混合物的均匀性。DSC 显示，不同 PA-11 浓度的 RPET/PA-11 混合物的熔化温度与纯 RPET 的熔化温度非常接近，这表明混合物具有稳定的热特性。DSC 结果证实，随着 Joncryl® 含量的增加，冷结晶的 Tm1 温度降低，这表明 RPET 和 PA-11 之间的相互作用和混溶性得到改善。TGA 结果表明，Joncryl® 相容剂（尤其是 2 phr）可通过改善混溶性来提高 RPET/PA-11 混合物的热稳定性。经鉴定，2 phr Joncryl® 混合物的性能最为稳定。这项突破性研究凸显了 RPET 在汽车领域的潜力以及聚合物科学的未来发展。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of a new binary accelerator system on curing characteristics and properties of styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates 新型二元促进剂体系对丁苯橡胶硫化胶硫化特性和性能的协同效应

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01344-3

Fahima M. Helaly, Adel A. Koriem, Samaa R. Salem, Sanaa M. El-Sawy, Fikry A. Abdel-Mohdy, Aman I. Khalaf

Enhancing the vulcanization rate of elastomers is a common objective for optimizing their performance. Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) was vulcanized employing several conventional systems designed with various amounts of sulfur and activators/accelerators. Herein, it was an attempt to synthesize a copolymer from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA)-(GMA-co-DEAEMA) and study its effect as a secondary accelerator on the curing characteristics and vulcanizate properties of SBR. The copolymer GMA-co-DEAEMA (III) was grafted with three different functional groups (R) including thioglycolic acid, 2-aminothiophenol, and 2-amino-5-mercaptothiazole, to yield III/S/1, IIII/S/2, and III/S/3 copolymers, respectively. The three-modified copolymers with an added conventional accelerator N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) were used to accelerate the efficiency of the vulcanizing agent (sulfur). Additional characterization of the synthesized copolymer and the obtained cured elastomer were carried out through different techniques, including mass and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in addition to the rheological and mechanical studies. The results revealed that all the subject copolymers, when applied as a secondary accelerator for the SBR vulcanization reaction, enhanced the rate and the state of the cross-linking process. The findings of this study eruditely recommended that large rubber articles, like tires, could be cured more efficiently and cost-effectively when employing the presented copolymer as a secondary accelerator.

Graphical abstract

提高弹性体的硫化速度是优化其性能的一个共同目标。丁苯橡胶（SBR）的硫化采用了几种传统体系，这些体系设计了不同数量的硫和活化剂/促进剂。本文尝试合成一种甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）和甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯（DEAEMA）的共聚物（GMA-co-DEAEMA），并研究其作为辅助促进剂对丁苯橡胶硫化特性和硫化性能的影响。共聚物 GMA-co-DEAEMA (III) 接枝了三种不同的官能团 (R)，包括硫代乙醇酸、2-氨基苯硫酚和 2-氨基-5-巯基噻唑，分别得到 III/S/1、III/S/2 和 III/S/3 共聚物。添加了传统促进剂 N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺（CBS）的三种改性共聚物可用于提高硫化剂（硫）的效率。除了流变学和力学研究外，还通过不同的技术对合成的共聚物和获得的固化弹性体进行了表征，包括质谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱以及热重分析（TGA）。研究结果表明，所有受试共聚物在用作 SBR 硫化反应的二级促进剂时，都能提高交联过程的速率和状态。这项研究的结果建议，在使用所介绍的共聚物作为辅助促进剂时，可以更高效、更经济地硫化大型橡胶制品（如轮胎）。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative study of the physiochemical and biological properties of tetracycline-loaded polypropylene sutures prepared through different plasma treatments 通过不同等离子处理制备的四环素负载聚丙烯缝合线的理化和生物特性比较研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01353-2

Nader kasiri, Marziyeh Mousazadeh, Faezeh Mousazadeh, Maryam Nikkhah, Hamid Keshvari

In this work, a comparative investigation was done on the physiochemical and biological properties of tetracycline-loaded polypropylene sutures prepared through nitrogen, oxygen, and/or argon plasma treatment/grafting method. Two types of multi- and monofilament polypropylene sutures were treated by various plasma gases followed by acrylonitrile and acrylic acid grafting. Nitrogen and oxygen plasmas compared to argon plasma showed higher efficiencies in functionalization and wettability of the filaments. Tetracycline hydrochloride loading on the plasma-treated/grafted filaments was done through immersion method. The prepared filaments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and their mechanical properties were determined, accordingly. The antibacterial effect of tetracycline hydrochloride was studied over two different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. No cytotoxicity was observed for these filaments on the L929 fibroblast cell line using MTT assay. The release profile of the tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded sutures reached the stationary phase in 25 h. Nitrogen plasma-treated sutures showed the highest drug release profile among the others. The current work showed the effects of different plasma treatments on the biological, mechanical, and chemical properties of the tetracycline-loaded polypropylene sutures. The nitrogen plasma was superior to oxygen plasma in the opinion of grafting rate, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activities.

Graphical abstract

在这项工作中，对通过氮气、氧气和/或氩气等离子处理/接枝法制备的负载四环素的聚丙烯缝合线的理化和生物特性进行了比较研究。对两种多丝和单丝聚丙烯缝合线进行了各种等离子气体处理，然后进行丙烯腈和丙烯酸接枝。与氩气等离子体相比，氮气和氧气等离子体在功能化和丝的润湿性方面表现出更高的效率。盐酸四环素通过浸泡法加载到等离子体处理/接枝的长丝上。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）对制备的长丝进行了表征，并相应地测定了它们的机械性能。研究了盐酸四环素对两种不同革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌效果。用 MTT 法检测了这些细丝对 L929 成纤维细胞系的细胞毒性。盐酸四环素载体缝合线的释放曲线在 25 小时内达到静止阶段，氮等离子处理的缝合线显示出最高的药物释放曲线。目前的研究显示了不同等离子体处理对盐酸四环素聚丙烯缝合线生物、机械和化学特性的影响。氮等离子体在接枝率、机械性能和抗菌活性方面均优于氧等离子体。图表摘要

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引用次数: 0

Polylactide/polyvinyl acetate blends containing different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) 含有不同分子量聚乙二醇的聚乳酸/聚醋酸乙烯酯混合物

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01350-5

Wenxi Cheng, Yuanhang Cao, Wei Miao, Yongjian Zhang, Li Tian, Haowei Lin, Weiqiang Song, Yike Zhang, Tao Wang

Polylactide (PLA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blends with different molecular weights of PEG (4000, 10000, and 20000 g/mol) were prepared, and the weight ratio was fixed at 72/18/10 (g/g/g) after the tensile analysis of PLA/PVAc and PLA/PEG blends, and finally the samples were characterized by various methods. The tensile and impact results showed that all the ternary blends were well toughened by PEG, and with the increase of PEG molecular weight, the tensile strength and impact strength increased. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicated that 20% (by weight) of PVAc exceeded its solubility limit with PLA, and therefore the excess PVAc was dispersed as nanoparticles in the matrix. When PEG was added, the insoluble amount of PVAc decreased, indicating that the miscibility between PLA and PVAc could be increased by PEG. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed that T_m optical microscopy results showed that the number and size of PLA spherulites was peak areas of PLA in PLA/PVAc/PEG blends were smaller than that in PLA/PVAc blend, showing that the crystallinity of PLA was decreased with the addition of PEG in the presence of PVAc, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. Polarization was the smallest in PLA/PVAc/PEG blends. All the ternary blends were transparent and had better visible light transmissions than PLA/PVAc blend. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that PLA and its blends had similar thermal stability. Overall, a low-cost PLA-modified material that combined high toughness, strength, and transparency without the need for customization was provided.

Graphical Abstract

制备了不同 PEG 分子量（4000、10000 和 20000 g/mol）的聚乳酸（PLA）/聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc）/聚乙二醇（PEG）共混物，在对聚乳酸/PVAc 和聚乳酸/PEG 共混物进行拉伸分析后，确定重量比为 72/18/10（g/g/g），最后通过各种方法对样品进行了表征。拉伸和冲击结果表明，所有三元共混物都得到了 PEG 的良好增韧，并且随着 PEG 分子量的增加，拉伸强度和冲击强度都有所提高。扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析结果表明，20% 的 PVAc（按重量计）超过了其与聚乳酸的溶解极限，因此多余的 PVAc 以纳米颗粒的形式分散在基体中。加入 PEG 后，PVAc 的不溶量减少，这表明 PEG 可以增加聚乳酸与 PVAc 的混溶性。差示扫描量热法结果表明，Tm 光学显微镜结果表明，PLA/PVAc/PEG 共混物中聚乳酸球形颗粒的数量和尺寸、峰面积均小于 PLA/PVAc 共混物，表明在 PVAc 存在下，随着 PEG 的加入，聚乳酸的结晶度降低，X 射线衍射结果也证实了这一点。极化在 PLA/PVAc/PEG 共混物中最小。所有三元共混物都是透明的，其可见光透过率均优于聚乳酸/PVAc 共混物。热重分析结果表明，聚乳酸及其混合物具有相似的热稳定性。总之，这种低成本的聚乳酸改性材料集高韧性、高强度和高透明度于一身，而且无需定制。

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引用次数: 0