Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第6页

Modification of compressive characteristics in 3D printed polyolefin elastomers/polypropylene blend structures through polypropylene content and infill density adjustment 通过调整聚丙烯含量和填充密度改变3D打印聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯共混结构的压缩特性

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01439-x

Yong Liu, Jianwei Wei, Qi Chen, Yunzhong Dai

In this research, 3D printed Polyolefin Elastomers (POE)/Polypropylene (PP) blends with varying PP concentrations were prepared and characterized for compressive and energy absorption applications. To achieve this, POE/PP blends with 10%, 30%, and 50% PP concentrations were created. Cubic energy absorption samples with a honeycomb pattern and two different infill densities were printed using a Fused Granule Fabrication (FGF) printer to examine the influence of infill density and blend composition on compressive properties. The blends were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), tensile, and compression tests to study their printability, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. SEM results showed that the samples had two distinct phases with a sea-island pattern, which changed to co-continuous and less miscible in the 50% PP concentration blend. Additionally, good printability without defects was observed in the blends. DMTA demonstrated that the melting point of the samples increased with higher PP content, while miscibility decreased. Tensile tests revealed great elasticity, with strain values ranging from 1204 to 1646% for all samples. Furthermore, tensile Young’s modulus, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), and toughness increased with increasing PP content, while elongation decreased. Compression tests indicated that increasing PP content enhanced energy absorption and compressive properties. Moreover, higher infill density led to earlier densification and improved energy absorption and compressive properties.

Graphical abstract

在这项研究中，制备了具有不同PP浓度的3D打印聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/聚丙烯（PP）共混物，并对其压缩和吸能应用进行了表征。为了实现这一目标，分别制备了PP浓度为10%、30%和50%的POE/PP共混物。利用熔融颗粒制造（FGF）打印机打印了具有蜂窝图案和两种不同填充密度的立方能量吸收样品，研究了填充密度和共混物组成对压缩性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、动态机械热分析（DMTA）、拉伸和压缩测试对共混物进行分析，研究其可打印性、形态、热学和机械性能。扫描电镜结果表明，样品具有明显的两相结构，呈海岛型，在50% PP浓度的共混物中变为共连续相，互溶性较差。此外，在共混物中观察到良好的印刷性，无缺陷。DMTA表明，随着PP含量的增加，样品的熔点升高，而混相降低。拉伸试验显示出很大的弹性，所有样品的应变值从1204到1646%不等。拉伸杨氏模量、极限拉伸强度和韧性随PP含量的增加而增加，而伸长率则随PP含量的增加而降低。压缩试验表明，PP含量的增加提高了材料的吸能和压缩性能。充填密度越高，致密化越早，吸能和压缩性能越好。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Epoxy/aminopropyl isobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites: preparation and studying the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion properties of the systems 环氧树脂/氨基丙基异丁基多面体低聚硅氧烷纳米复合材料的制备及其力学、热、腐蚀性能的研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01452-8

Soheil Ghafoori Totmaj, Ardeshir Saeidi, Morteza Ehsani

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles are materials which consist of both inorganic and organic parts. An example of such materials is epoxy/POSS nanocomposites. POSS’s organic part and weight percentage in the epoxy matrix can affect the nanocomposite’s dispersion, interaction, and final properties. Epoxy/aminopropyl isobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AI-POSS) nanocomposites were formulated with 0.5, 1, 3, and 5% (by wt) of AI-POSS nanoparticles. The AI-POSS acted as pendant groups to the epoxy chains due to the presence of one reactive agent. Therefore, it was possible to form agglomerations. Still, their dispersion and consistency increased in the epoxy matrix by performing the pre-reaction with an excess epoxy resin, which was observed in the SEM and EDX images. The corrosion properties of the scratched samples were reduced after 100 days, due to the weak resistance of these coatings against scratches in the salt spray, which were also observed in the cross-cut. However, excellent corrosion resistance was observed in the samples without scratches after 100 days. These nanocomposites were degraded at higher temperatures than pure epoxy in the TGA. Epoxy/aminopropyl isobutyl-POSS with 3% (by wt) AI-POSS (EAP 3) and neat epoxy or epoxy/aminopropyl isobutyl-POSS without nanoparticles (EAP 0) samples exhibited 90% weight loss at 594 and 505 °C, respectively. The variance was attributed to the presence of inorganic groups in nanoparticles. Storage modulus, glass transition temperature, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness increased by increasing AI-POSS nanoparticles as high as 3% (by wt) in DMTA and tensile analysis. Therefore, the most optimal state for these nanocomposites was achieved when 3% (by wt) of AI-POSS nanoparticles were used in the epoxy matrix.

Graphical abstract

多面体低聚硅氧烷（POSS）纳米颗粒是由无机部分和有机部分组成的材料。这种材料的一个例子是环氧/POSS纳米复合材料。POSS在环氧基体中的有机含量和重量百分比影响着纳米复合材料的分散、相互作用和最终性能。分别用0.5、1、3和5%（以重量计）的AI-POSS纳米颗粒配制环氧/氨基丙基异丁基多面体低聚硅氧烷（AI-POSS）纳米复合材料。由于一种活性剂的存在，AI-POSS作为环氧链的垂坠基团。因此，形成聚集是可能的。然而，通过与过量的环氧树脂进行预反应，它们在环氧基体中的分散性和稠度增加，这在SEM和EDX图像中可以观察到。100天后，由于这些涂层对盐雾划痕的抵抗力较弱，划痕样品的腐蚀性能下降，这在横切中也观察到。然而，在100天后，没有划痕的样品具有优异的耐腐蚀性。这些纳米复合材料在TGA中比纯环氧树脂在更高的温度下被降解。含有3% (wt) AI-POSS的环氧/氨基丙基异丁基poss （EAP 3）和纯环氧或不含纳米颗粒的环氧/氨基丙基异丁基poss （EAP 0）样品在594°C和505°C时分别失重90%。这种差异归因于纳米颗粒中无机基团的存在。在DMTA和拉伸分析中，将AI-POSS纳米颗粒添加高达3%（以重量计），可以提高存储模量、玻璃化转变温度、拉伸强度、杨氏模量和韧性。因此，当AI-POSS纳米颗粒在环氧基中加入3%（以重量计）时，这些纳米复合材料达到了最佳状态。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-high flux electrospun PAN/MWCNTs/SiO2 membranes for oil–water separation: development and characterization 用于油水分离的超高通量静电纺丝PAN/MWCNTs/SiO2膜：开发和表征

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01448-w

Xiaolong Zhao, Haibing Zhang, Jian Wang

Oily wastewater is inevitably generated during the development and production of oil fields. This type of wastewater contains a significant amount of toxic and harmful pollutants. If not effectively treated and properly discharged, it can cause severe environmental pollution. Oil–water separation is a critical prerequisite for the effective treatment of oily wastewater; however, developing separation materials with high throughput and excellent mechanical properties remains a significant challenge. In this study, MWCNTs/SiO₂ membranes were prepared using nano-SiO₂ and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as matrices via electrospinning technology. Here, we show that when the mass ratio of SiO₂ to MWCNTs is 1:0.8, the MWCNTs/SiO₂ membrane exhibits optimal oil–water separation performance, with an oil retention rate exceeding 98%, and stable filtration performance over more than 10 cycles. This performance enhancement is attributed to the dual synergistic hydrophilic effect of acid-modified CNTs and silica, which significantly improves water permeability. Additionally, the innovative design of the secondary electrostatic spraying process enhances the structural strength of the film. The mechanical stability and high-temperature resistance of MWCNTs/SiO₂ membrane prepared in this study greatly surpass those of commercial PAN fiber membranes, demonstrating its potential for oil–water separation applications.

Graphical abstract

含油废水是油田开发生产过程中不可避免的产生。这类废水含有大量的有毒有害污染物。如果不进行有效处理和合理排放，会造成严重的环境污染。油水分离是有效处理含油废水的重要前提；然而，开发具有高通量和优异力学性能的分离材料仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究采用静电纺丝技术，以纳米SiO2和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为基体制备了MWCNTs/SiO2膜。本研究表明，当SiO2与MWCNTs的质量比为1:0.8时，MWCNTs/SiO2膜具有最佳的油水分离性能，其油潴留率超过98%，并且在10次以上的循环中过滤性能稳定。这种性能的增强是由于酸修饰的CNTs和二氧化硅的双重协同亲水作用，显著提高了透水性。此外，二次静电喷涂工艺的创新设计，提高了膜的结构强度。本研究制备的MWCNTs/SiO2膜的机械稳定性和耐高温性能大大超过了商用PAN纤维膜，显示了其在油水分离方面的应用潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Stimuli-responsive polymeric film based on hydrogen-bonded organic framework designing as a smart wound dressing 基于氢键有机骨架的刺激响应聚合物膜智能创面敷料设计

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01443-1

Alieh Moeinipour, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian

In this work, multifunctional polymeric film for wound dressing was prepared. The polymeric film was composed of polyvinyl alcohol, tannic acid, and a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) incorporating metronidazole. Metronidazole was encapsulated within the HOF for the first time, acting as a guest molecule and creating a new structure named MET.HOF. By leveraging the temperature and pH sensitivity of the hydrogen-bonded structures, metronidazole was released in a controlled manner at the wound site, adapting to the specific conditions of the wound. To investigate the controlled drug release, the responsiveness of the synthetic polymeric film was investigated at different temperatures (i.e., 37 °C and 40 °C) and pH levels (i.e., 5.5, 7.4, and 9) mimicking wound conditions. The results demonstrated that the polymeric film exhibited precise responsiveness to temperature (˃ 37 °C) and pH (alkaline pH ˃ acidic pH), enabling tailored drug release according to the specific wound type and severity. The average contact angle of the polymeric film was measured to be 67.5° ± 3.5. The degree of swelling calculated was 200% ± 50; additionally, the material exhibited antibacterial properties, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1000 µg mL⁻¹ and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 2000 µg mL⁻¹. These results highlighted the potential of this synthetic polymeric film as an advanced wound dressing material, capable of delivering drugs in a controlled manner based on the unique characteristics of the wound environment.

Graphical abstract

本研究制备了一种用于伤口敷料的多功能高分子薄膜。该聚合物薄膜由聚乙烯醇、单宁酸和含甲硝唑的氢键有机骨架（HOF）组成。甲硝唑首次被包裹在HOF中，作为客体分子，形成了新的结构，命名为MET.HOF。通过利用氢键结构对温度和pH值的敏感性，甲硝唑在伤口部位以受控的方式释放，以适应伤口的特定条件。为了研究药物的控释，研究了合成聚合物薄膜在不同温度（即37°C和40°C）和pH值（即5.5、7.4和9）下模拟伤口条件下的响应性。结果表明，该聚合物膜对温度（37℃）和pH（碱性pH ~酸性pH）具有精确的响应性，能够根据特定的伤口类型和严重程度定制药物释放。聚合物膜的平均接触角为67.5°±3.5°。计算肿胀度为200%±50；此外，该材料还具有抗菌特性，其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为1000µg mL毒血症，最小杀菌浓度（MBC）为2000µg mL毒血症。这些结果突出了这种合成聚合物薄膜作为一种先进的伤口敷料材料的潜力，能够根据伤口环境的独特特征以受控的方式输送药物。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Copper nanoparticles incorporated membranes for comprehensive treatment of surface water: synthesis and characterization 用于地表水综合处理的铜纳米颗粒复合膜：合成与表征

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01447-x

Bhoga Arundhathi, Manideep Pabba, Nivedita Sahu, Swayampakula Kalyani, Sundergopal Sridhar

Incorporating copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) in polymeric membranes has garnered significant attention for enhancing water treatment efficiency and mitigating biofouling. Copper boasts several desirable attributes, including excellent antimicrobial properties, abundant availability, cost-effectiveness, and various economically viable synthesis methods to produce materials with tunable features. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of copper (Cu) and copper oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles, synthesized using a chemical reduction method. These nanoparticles were integrated into 20% (by wt) polyethersulphone (PES) membranes at concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.75 g, resulting in membranes labeled M1 to M4, tailored for ultrafiltration of surface water. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite membranes (NCMs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed for feed, permeate, and reject water samples. Among the membranes, M3, containing 0.5 g Cu-NPs, exhibited outstanding performance with a pure water flux of 175 L/m²/h, 100% bacterial filtration efficiency, 62.96% colour rejection, and 88.46% turbidity rejection, besides achieving complete removal of E. coli and common bacteria. All membranes demonstrated over 95% bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection, with the M3 membrane achieving a 74.6% and the plain membrane 45.5% flux recovery ratio (FRR), indicating strong antifouling properties after the addition of NPs. These findings suggest that the developed NCMs hold significant potential for producing high-quality potable water through effective clarification and disinfection.

在聚合物膜中加入铜纳米粒子（Cu-NPs）以提高水处理效率和减轻生物污染已引起人们的广泛关注。铜拥有几个理想的属性，包括优异的抗菌性能，丰富的可用性，成本效益，以及各种经济上可行的合成方法来生产具有可调特征的材料。本研究考察了采用化学还原法制备的铜（Cu）和氧化铜（Cu2O）纳米颗粒的抗菌性能。这些纳米颗粒被整合到浓度为20%（以重量计）的聚醚砜（PES）膜中，浓度范围从0到0.75 g，得到标记为M1到M4的膜，用于地表水的超滤。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和能量色散x射线（EDX）对合成的纳米颗粒和纳米复合膜（ncm）进行了表征。对进料水样、渗透水样和废水样进行了理化和细菌学参数分析。其中，含有0.5 g Cu-NPs的M3膜表现优异，纯水通量为175 L/m2/h，细菌过滤效率为100%，色度去除率为62.96%，浊度去除率为88.46%，并能完全去除大肠杆菌和常见细菌。所有膜的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）截留率均在95%以上，其中M3膜的截留率为74.6%，普通膜的截留率为45.5%，表明添加NPs后膜具有较强的防污性能。这些发现表明，通过有效的澄清和消毒，开发的ncm具有生产高质量饮用水的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Design and optimization of thermosensitive injectable alginate-based hydrogels: potential for loading therapeutic compounds 基于海藻酸盐的热敏注射型水凝胶的设计与优化：用于装载治疗性化合物的潜力

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01427-1

Farkhonde Hasannejad, Samaneh Arab, Leila Farahmand, Behrad Darvishi, Marjan Bahraminasab

An optimal formulation of thermosensitive and injectable alginate-based hydrogels was prepared for loading therapeutic agents in drug delivery. Four constituents, including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate (SA), beta-glycerol phosphate (β-GP), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂), were used to obtain the optimal formulations. A surface response methodology (RSM), namely Box–Behnken, was employed, and based on the gelation temperature, two optimal hydrogel formulations were identified. Rheology, chemical and functional groups, morphology, biodegradability, swelling, and hydrogel biocompatibility were tested. Furthermore, menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (Mens-exo) were used as a model drug to demonstrate the potential of the optimum hydrogels for carrying and releasing therapeutic agents. Two hydrogel formulations with gelling temperatures of 35 °C (H1) and 37 °C (H2) were selected for the relevant tests. The obtained storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) for gelling temperature, time, strain, and frequency tests showed that H1 hydrogel has more favorable rheological properties. Furthermore, in evaluating degradability at pH 6.5, H1 hydrogel was degraded for a longer time (154 h) and was more stable than H2 (100 h). Cells loaded in hydrogels indicated to superior biocompatibility of H1 hydrogel rather than H2. Moreover, the Mens-exo loading in H1 hydrogel exhibited a sustained release with reasonable degradability of the hydrogel. The optimal hydrogels were thermosensitive and injectable. In particular, the H1 hydrogel (SA = 0.889, HPMC = 2, β-GP = 5 and CaCl₂ = 3.306) showed high potential for loading therapeutic compounds.

Graphical Abstract

制备了一种热敏可注射海藻酸盐基水凝胶的最佳配方，用于载药。以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）、海藻酸钠（SA）、β-磷酸甘油（β-GP）和氯化钙（CaCl2）四种成分为原料，优选最佳配方。采用Box-Behnken表面响应法（RSM），根据凝胶温度确定了两种最佳水凝胶配方。流变学、化学和官能团、形态、可生物降解性、溶胀性和水凝胶生物相容性进行了测试。此外，经血源性间充质干细胞外泌体（men -exo）被用作模型药物，以证明最佳水凝胶携带和释放治疗剂的潜力。选择胶凝温度分别为35°C （H1）和37°C （H2）的两种水凝胶配方进行相关试验。在胶凝温度、胶凝时间、胶凝应变和胶凝频率下的储存模量（G′）和损失模量（G″）表明，H1水凝胶具有较好的流变特性。此外，在pH 6.5的降解性评估中，H1水凝胶的降解时间更长（154 h），比H2 （100 h）更稳定。结果表明，H1型水凝胶比H2型水凝胶具有更好的生物相容性。此外，men -exo在H1水凝胶中的负载表现出缓释和合理的水凝胶可降解性。优选的水凝胶具有热敏性和可注射性。其中，H1水凝胶（SA = 0.889, HPMC = 2, β-GP = 5, CaCl2 = 3.306）具有较高的载药潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers with photo-thermo synergistic response and reversible bidirectional shape memory 具有光热协同响应和可逆双向形状记忆的偶氮苯液晶弹性体的合成

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01446-y

Jianfeng Ban, Zilong Yang, Lulu Pan, Junqiu Liao, Bo Shi

This work was designed to investigate the complex shape memory phenomena and explore the potential for bidirectional reversibility within polymer matrices, focusing particularly on dual-response capabilities. A series of shape memory azobenzene liquid crystal elastomers (Dp-LCEs) were synthesized with azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, polycaprolactone, and hexamethylene diisocyanate as the primary raw materials, and triethanolamine was utilized to establish cross-linking points. The structural and thermal properties of these Dp-LCEs were meticulously characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction techniques. According to the structural and thermal properties test results, they afforded a deep understanding of the material's composition and thermal behavior, essential for optimizing its performance in practical applications. Furthermore, the stretchability, photo-thermal responsiveness, and reversible deformation capabilities of the Dp-LCEs were assessed via stretching tests and by subjecting them to ultraviolet radiation. The findings revealed that the Dp-LCEs demonstrated distinctive photo-thermo-synergy response shape memory features and exhibited outstanding bidirectional reversible shape memory behavior. This research work provided a solid theoretical basis for customization of the advanced multifunctional shape memory materials, potentially paving the way for innovative applications in various fields such as smart textiles, biomedical devices, and adaptive structures. These advancements suggested significant potential for future developments in smart material technologies, particularly in areas requiring precise environmental responsiveness and high-performance adaptability.

这项工作旨在研究复杂的形状记忆现象，并探索聚合物基质中双向可逆性的潜力，特别是双响应能力。以偶氮苯-4,4′-二羧酸、聚己内酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯为主要原料，利用三乙醇胺建立交联点，合成了一系列形状记忆型偶氮苯液晶弹性体（Dp-LCEs）。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析、差示扫描量热法和x射线衍射技术对这些Dp-LCEs的结构和热性能进行了细致的表征。根据结构和热性能测试结果，他们对材料的组成和热行为有了深入的了解，这对于优化其在实际应用中的性能至关重要。此外，通过拉伸试验和紫外线辐射，对Dp-LCEs的拉伸性、光热响应性和可逆变形能力进行了评估。结果表明，Dp-LCEs具有独特的光-热协同响应形状记忆特征，并表现出良好的双向可逆形状记忆行为。该研究工作为先进多功能形状记忆材料的定制化提供了坚实的理论基础，为智能纺织品、生物医学设备、自适应结构等领域的创新应用铺平了道路。这些进步表明智能材料技术的未来发展潜力巨大，特别是在需要精确的环境响应和高性能适应性的领域。

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引用次数: 0

Functionalization of surgical mask polypropylene layers with application of natural substances 应用天然物质实现医用口罩聚丙烯层功能化

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01444-0

Marjana Simonič, Olivija Plohl, Maša Vračevič, Lidija Fras Zemljič

The anti-viral efficacy of face mask was enhanced by applying the protein lactoferrin, the polyphenol catechin individually, and in combination. Individual solutions of protein and polyphenol were meticulously prepared and subsequently sprayed onto the inner surface of face mask layers composed of polypropylene. The functionalized mask layers were subjected to comprehensive characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta-potential measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Goniometry was employed to assess the wettability of the modified surface layer, and air permeability was quantified both before and after the application of potential anti-viral agents. Bioactivity, such as anti-oxidant activity using ABTS assay and anti-viral efficiency against the model virus phi6, was followed as well. Our findings indicate the successful modification of mask with lactoferrin, while functionalization by catechin proved to be unsuccessful. The measured contact angles underscored the hydrophobic nature of the functionalized samples, ensuring reduced wettability in the presence of saliva droplets. Notably, the individual coating layers exhibited enhanced anti-oxidant activity and demonstrated anti-viral properties against the model virus phi6, when the outer layer of the mask was spray-coated. These results suggest promising technology to integrating these functionalized layers into masks for enhanced safety performance.

Graphical Abstract

乳铁蛋白、多酚儿茶素单独或联合使用均能增强面膜的抗病毒效果。精心制备单独的蛋白质和多酚溶液，然后喷洒到聚丙烯面膜层的内表面。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、ζ电位测量和x射线光电子能谱对功能化掩膜层进行了全面表征。采用角形法评估改性面层的润湿性，并在应用潜在抗病毒药物前后量化透气性。并观察了其生物活性，如抗氧化活性（ABTS）和对模型病毒phi6的抗病毒活性。我们的研究结果表明，乳铁蛋白修饰掩膜是成功的，而儿茶素功能化被证明是不成功的。测量的接触角强调了功能化样品的疏水性，确保在唾液滴存在时降低润湿性。值得注意的是，当喷涂口罩外层时，单个涂层表现出增强的抗氧化活性，并表现出对模型病毒phi6的抗病毒性能。这些结果表明，将这些功能化层集成到口罩中以增强安全性能是有前途的技术。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Biopolymers: a comprehensive review of sustainability, environmental impact, and lifecycle analysis 生物聚合物：可持续性、环境影响和生命周期分析的综合综述

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01449-9

Mithilesh Kogje, Ajinkya Satdive, Siddhesh Mestry, S. T. Mhaske

The demand and desire for environmentally conscious alternatives to conventional plastics have intensified after the introduction of biopolymers in our daily lives due to the question mark on the sustainability of the environment. The review is structured around key themes including classification and types of biopolymers, their recycling methodologies, disposal scenarios of biopolymers and their upcycling, life cycle assessment of some common biopolymers, biodegradability and biodegradation of biopolymers, the environmental impact of biopolymers and the influence of government policies in fostering biopolymer adoption. The review points out positive as well as negative factors associated with biopolymers along with greenhouse gas emissions/global warming potential and energy demand associated with bioplastics through life cycle assessments. This review aims for an easier understanding regarding the adoption of biopolymers into daily life considering all positive and negative aspects. The oceanic disposal and increasing land usage put the sustainability of biopolymers into jeopardy. This review aims to provide some clarity regarding the current situation and past actions taken by the world to promote sustainable development and the promotion of biopolymers. Despite all the positives and negatives, biopolymers have shown promise for a sustainable future by aiming to reduce the reliance on conventional fossil fuel-based polymers and non-biodegradable alternatives.

Graphical abstract

由于对环境可持续性的质疑，在我们日常生活中引入生物聚合物后，对传统塑料的环保替代品的需求和愿望已经加强。这篇综述的主要主题包括生物聚合物的分类和类型、生物聚合物的回收方法、生物聚合物的处置方案及其升级回收、一些常见生物聚合物的生命周期评估、生物聚合物的生物可降解性和生物降解性、生物聚合物的环境影响以及政府政策对促进生物聚合物采用的影响。该综述通过生命周期评估指出了与生物聚合物相关的积极因素和消极因素，以及与生物塑料相关的温室气体排放/全球变暖潜力和能源需求。这篇综述的目的是为了更容易地理解生物聚合物在日常生活中的应用，考虑到所有积极和消极的方面。海洋处理和不断增加的土地使用使生物聚合物的可持续性处于危险之中。本文旨在对生物聚合物的现状和过去在促进可持续发展和促进生物聚合物方面所采取的行动提供一些清晰的认识。尽管有各种积极和消极的一面，但生物聚合物已经显示出可持续发展的前景，旨在减少对传统化石燃料聚合物和不可生物降解替代品的依赖。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Wear characteristics of 3D-printed spur gears: material type and design parameters effects 3d打印正齿轮的磨损特性：材料类型和设计参数的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01442-2

Oğuz Doğan, Muhammed Safa Kamer

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the production of complex geometries, enabling the fabrication of components that are difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing methods. This research investigates the wear characteristics of polymer gears produced by AM, mainly focusing on asymmetric gears that present unique challenges in conventional machining. A custom-designed gear wear test rig was developed to experimentally examine the wear performance of gears made from five different polymer materials. Additionally, the effects of drive side pressure angles (DSPAs) of 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35° on PLA gears were analyzed. Before wear testing, surface roughness and hardness measurements were conducted. The experiments were performed at two rotational speeds (500 and 1000 rpm) and torque levels ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 Nm. During testing, input and output torque, speed, and temperature were continuously monitored. Quantitative results indicated that the specific wear rate for CPE was the highest at 8.73 [mm³/{mm²rpm}]10⁷, while PC exhibited the lowest at 1.06, representing an 823.5% difference. Temperature measurements revealed an increase of approximately 25% with higher torque levels. The maximum temperature was measured at 40.5 °C for CPE gears under maximum load and speed conditions. Gear efficiency varied between 0.77 and 0.95, peaking at 0.95 for PC gears under high speed and torque conditions. Furthermore, increasing the DSPA from 20° to 35° resulted in a nearly 60% reduction in specific wear rate. This research addresses limitations in prior studies that often focused on individual materials without systematic analysis of varying DSPA. This study enhances the understanding by providing a comprehensive comparison of wear characteristics of 3D-printed polymer gears, highlighting their potential for lightweight and customizable applications across multiple materials and different DSPAs.

Graphical abstract

增材制造（AM）彻底改变了复杂几何形状的生产，使传统制造方法难以或不可能实现的部件的制造成为可能。本研究研究了增材制造的聚合物齿轮的磨损特性，主要关注传统加工中存在独特挑战的非对称齿轮。设计了一套齿轮磨损试验台，对五种不同高分子材料齿轮的磨损性能进行了试验研究。此外，分析了20°、25°、30°和35°驱动侧压力角（dspa）对PLA齿轮的影响。在磨损测试之前，进行了表面粗糙度和硬度测量。实验以两种转速（500和1000 rpm）和0.75至1.5 Nm的扭矩水平进行。在测试过程中，连续监测输入和输出扭矩、速度和温度。定量结果表明，CPE的比磨损率最高，为8.73 [mm3/{mm2rpm}]107， PC的比磨损率最低，为1.06，两者相差823.5%。温度测量显示，在更高的扭矩水平下，温度升高了约25%。CPE齿轮在最大负载和速度条件下的最高温度为40.5℃。齿轮效率在0.77和0.95之间变化，在高速和扭矩条件下PC齿轮的峰值为0.95。此外，将DSPA从20°增加到35°，使比磨损率降低了近60%。本研究解决了先前研究的局限性，这些研究通常集中在单个材料上，而没有对不同的DSPA进行系统分析。这项研究通过对3d打印聚合物齿轮的磨损特性进行全面比较，增强了人们的理解，突出了它们在多种材料和不同dspa的轻量化和可定制应用方面的潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0