Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第6页

A facile and green pre-dispersion method for the preparation of epoxide-functionalized natural rubber/silica nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties 制备具有更好机械性能的环氧功能化天然橡胶/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的简便绿色预分散方法

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01335-4

Dalip Abdulraman, Tinnakorn Tiensing, Pranee Phinyocheep

Good dispersion of silica filler in the rubber matrix is a key factor for the high-performance properties of rubber/silica nanocomposites. This work aimed at using mild and green conditions for incorporating high silica content in natural rubber (NR) without using a silane coupling agent. The NR latex was modified into a low degree (5%) of epoxide-functionalized NR, symbolized as ENR5 by epoxidation reaction. The silica (40 phr) was pre-dispersed in water using ultrasonication to break down the silica particles, symbolized as USiP before mixing in the obtained ENR5 latex. After water evaporation, no silica flocculation at the bottom of the container was observed, meaning that silica was well infiltrated in the rubber matrix without coagulating agents. The interaction of hydroxyl groups of silica with epoxide groups of ENR5 could support the stable dispersion of the silica in the rubber matrix. Then, the dried ENR5-USiP was further mixed with curing agents in a two-roll mill. The cure characteristic, morphology and mechanical properties of ENR5-USiP were compared with silica-filled NR using a conventional mixing process (NR-SiC) and NR filled with silica treated by a silane coupling agent (NR-SSiC). As a result, ENR5-USiP exhibited higher mechanical properties than NR-SiC and NR-SSiC. The SEM micrograph revealed the good dispersion of nano-size silica in the rubber matrix of ENR5-USiP composites. It can be highlighted that the breakage of silica particles by ultrasonication is a facile method and mixing of the obtained silica in the ENR5 latex is a green condition. Furthermore, the possible interaction between the silanol groups of silica and epoxide functional groups of ENR5 could play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silica-filled rubber composites without requiring a silane coupling agent.

Graphical Abstract

白炭黑填料在橡胶基体中的良好分散性是橡胶/白炭黑纳米复合材料实现高性能的关键因素。本研究旨在利用温和、绿色的条件，在不使用硅烷偶联剂的情况下，在天然橡胶（NR）中加入高含量的二氧化硅。通过环氧化反应，将天然橡胶胶乳改性为低浓度（5%）的环氧化功能化天然橡胶，代号为 ENR5。在将二氧化硅（40 phr）混入得到的 ENR5 胶乳之前，先用超声波将二氧化硅（40 phr）分散在水中，以分解二氧化硅颗粒（符号为 USiP）。水蒸发后，容器底部没有观察到白炭黑絮凝现象，这意味着白炭黑在没有凝结剂的情况下很好地渗入了橡胶基质。白炭黑的羟基与 ENR5 的环氧基团相互作用，支持了白炭黑在橡胶基质中的稳定分散。然后，在双辊研磨机中将干燥的 ENR5-USiP 与固化剂进一步混合。将 ENR5-USiP 的固化特性、形态和机械性能与采用传统混合工艺的二氧化硅填充 NR（NR-SiC）和经硅烷偶联剂处理的二氧化硅填充 NR（NR-SiC）进行了比较。结果表明，ENR5-USiP 的机械性能高于 NR-SiC 和 NR-SiC。SEM 显微照片显示，纳米二氧化硅在 ENR5-USiP 复合材料的橡胶基体中分散良好。可以看出，用超声波破碎白炭黑颗粒是一种简便的方法，将获得的白炭黑混入 ENR5 胶乳是一种绿色环保的方法。此外，白炭黑的硅烷醇基团与ENR5的环氧官能团之间可能存在的相互作用可在改善白炭黑填充橡胶复合材料的机械性能方面发挥重要作用，而无需使用硅烷偶联剂。

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引用次数: 0

Photothermal efficiency of carbon nanotubes-embedded polysulfone membranes for direct contact membrane distillation 用于直接接触膜蒸馏的嵌入碳纳米管的聚砜膜的光热效率

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01333-6

Ahmed M. Hameed, AbdulAziz A. Alayyafi, Ahmad A. Alluhaybi, Mohamed S. Fahmi, Mohamed E. A. Ali

Membrane distillation (MD) is a highly promising method for desalinating water with high salt content. However, a major challenge faced by this technology is its high energy consumption, which is caused by the need to heat up the saline feed solution. Hence, this study aimed to incorporate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the polysulfone (PSF) matrix to fabricate composite photothermal MD membranes. These membranes have the capability to function independently without the need for an external energy source. Various quantities of MWCNTs ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% (by weight) were added to the PSF casting solution. This led to the creation of composite membranes with improved photothermal characteristics. The PSF and PSF/MWCNTs composite membranes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The concentration of MWCNTs that yielded the highest photothermal efficiency was found to be 1% (by weight). The membranes were assessed using a photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) device, where the operational conditions and parameters were investigated. The presence of MWCNTs resulted in an increase in the surface temperature of the membrane to 67 °C when placed 10 cm away from a 200 W light source. In addition, the inclusion of MWCNTs led to a rise in the contact angle measurement from 80° to 112°, as well as an improvement in the liquid entry pressure (LEP) from 25.5 to 52 psi. Moreover, it significantly impacted the improvement of membrane production in the presence of light, while also exhibiting a high degree of operational efficiency.

Graphical Abstract

膜蒸馏（MD）是一种非常有前景的高盐分海水淡化方法。然而，该技术面临的一个主要挑战是能耗高，这是因为需要加热含盐进料溶液。因此，本研究旨在将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）加入聚砜（PSF）基质中，以制造复合光热 MD 膜。这些膜无需外部能源即可独立运行。在 PSF 浇注溶液中添加了 0.5%至 1.5%（按重量计）的不同数量的 MWCNT。这样就制成了具有更好光热特性的复合膜。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和接触角测量对 PSF 和 PSF/MWCNTs 复合膜进行了分析。结果发现，产生最高光热效率的 MWCNTs 浓度为 1%（按重量计）。使用光热膜蒸馏（PMD）装置对膜进行了评估，研究了操作条件和参数。当膜放置在距离 200 W 光源 10 厘米处时，MWCNT 的存在使膜的表面温度升高至 67 °C。此外，加入 MWCNTs 后，接触角测量值从 80° 上升到 112°，液体进入压力 (LEP) 从 25.5 psi 提高到 52 psi。此外，它还对改善光照下的膜生产产生了重大影响，同时还表现出很高的运行效率。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling transformative potential: recent advances in graphene-based polymer composites 揭示变革潜力：石墨烯基聚合物复合材料的最新进展

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01337-2

Maziyar Sabet

Graphene-polymer composites represent a burgeoning field within materials science, offering the potential to revolutionize various industrial applications by synergistically combining the exceptional properties of graphene with the versatility of polymers. This review transcends prior summaries by focusing on recent breakthroughs in dispersion techniques, a critical factor governing composite performance. We elucidate how advancements in dispersion control unlock a paradigm shift in functionalities like mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and barrier properties. This targeted approach distinguishes this review from broader surveys. Furthermore, we explore novel preparation methods beyond established techniques like solution mixing and in situ polymerization, highlighting their role in achieving exceptional composite performance. The review critically examines emerging applications across diverse industries, showcasing how recent strides empower graphene–polymer composites to disrupt sectors like aerospace, automotive, electronics, and biomedicine. While acknowledging persistent challenges in cost, scalability, and environmental impact, the review emphasizes ongoing research efforts to overcome these hurdles. By providing a roadmap for future advancements, this work serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and innovators seeking to harness the transformative potential of graphene–polymer composites.

Graphical Abstract

石墨烯-聚合物复合材料是材料科学领域的一个新兴领域，通过将石墨烯的优异特性与聚合物的多功能性协同结合，为各种工业应用提供了革命性的潜力。分散技术是影响复合材料性能的关键因素，本综述超越了以往的综述，重点关注分散技术的最新突破。我们阐明了分散控制的进步如何开启了机械强度、导电性和阻隔性等功能性的范式转变。这种有针对性的方法使本综述有别于更广泛的研究。此外，我们还探讨了溶液混合和原位聚合等既有技术之外的新型制备方法，强调了它们在实现优异复合材料性能方面的作用。本综述批判性地研究了各行各业的新兴应用，展示了石墨烯-聚合物复合材料在航空航天、汽车、电子和生物医学等领域的最新进展。在承认成本、可扩展性和环境影响方面持续存在挑战的同时，该综述强调了为克服这些障碍而正在进行的研究工作。通过为未来的进步提供路线图，这部著作为寻求利用石墨烯-聚合物复合材料变革潜力的研究人员、工程师和创新者提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for pH-responsive drug release of curcumin 用于姜黄素 pH 值响应型药物释放的羧甲基纤维素水凝胶

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01331-8

D. K. S. Nishadani, Thennakoon M. Sampath Udeni Gunathilake, Yern Chee Ching, Hemanth Noothalapati

This study outlines the development of a pH-sensitive hydrogel for hydrophobic drug delivery by cross-linking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with varying fumaric acid (FA) concentrations (9%–26%). FTIR analysis of CMC–FA-26% hydrogel showed a prominent band at 1714 cm⁻¹, indicating the formation of ester bond. Compression tests demonstrated increased strength with cross-linking density changing from 9 to 26%. Stress–strain analysis revealed plastic deformation beyond 80% strain, with compression stress rising from 0.12 ± 0.1 to 1.9 ± 0.1 MPa as FA content increased from 9 to 26%. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher weight reduction (25–28%) for CMC–FA-26% compared to CMC–FA-9% (16–18%) during the fumaric acid weight loss stage. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination showed that the hydrogels had a porous structure, crucial for their swelling, drug loading, and release. According to the swelling results, swellability was decreased by increasing cross-linking degree, and increased by increasing pH values. In the biodegradability test, the CMC–FA-26% hydrogel showed 35% weight loss after 28 days, while the CMC–FA-9% hydrogel exhibited a 54% weight loss. To improve the compatibility between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic curcumin (CUR)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was incorporated to the hydrogel. The solubility results showed that with varying the molar ratio of CUR:β-CD from 1:1 to 1:3, the mean UV–Vis absorption changed from 0.005 to 1.048. The variation of the medium’s pH from 1.2 to 12 resulted in a notable increase in the cumulative curcumin release, ranging from 5.91 to 46.63%. Drug delivery results indicated excellent drug release in alkaline medium, highlighting the hydrogel’s potential for targeted drug delivery of hydrophobic drugs in the gastrointestinal tract.

Graphical abstract

本研究概述了通过将羧甲基纤维素（CMC）与不同浓度（9%-26%）的富马酸（FA）交联，开发出一种用于疏水性给药的 pH 值敏感水凝胶。CMC-FA-26% 水凝胶的傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，在 1714 cm-1 处有一条突出的带，表明形成了酯键。压缩试验表明，随着交联密度从 9% 增加到 26%，强度也随之增加。应力应变分析表明，当 FA 含量从 9% 增加到 26% 时，超过 80% 的应变会产生塑性变形，压缩应力从 0.12 ± 0.1 兆帕增加到 1.9 ± 0.1 兆帕。热重分析表明，在富马酸失重阶段，CMC-FA-26% 的重量比 CMC-FA-9% 的重量（16-18%）减少得更多（25-28%）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查显示，水凝胶具有多孔结构，这对其溶胀、药物负载和释放至关重要。根据溶胀结果，交联度越高，溶胀性越低，而 pH 值越高，溶胀性越高。在生物降解性测试中，28 天后，CMC-FA-26% 水凝胶的失重率为 35%，而 CMC-FA-9% 水凝胶的失重率为 54%。为了提高亲水性 CMC 与疏水性姜黄素（CUR）/β-环糊精（β-CD）之间的相容性，在水凝胶中加入了 CMC-FA-26%。溶解度结果表明，随着 CUR 与 β-CD 的摩尔比从 1:1 变为 1:3，平均紫外可见吸收率从 0.005 变为 1.048。介质的 pH 值从 1.2 变为 12 后，姜黄素的累积释放量显著增加，从 5.91% 增加到 46.63%。给药结果表明，该水凝胶在碱性介质中具有极佳的药物释放性能，突出了其在胃肠道内靶向给疏水性药物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental analysis on thermal performance of interloping threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity 注塑模腔内螺纹交错冷却通道热性能的实验分析

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01329-2

Prashant Paraye, R. M. Sarviya

Injection molding is a mass manufacturing process, which facilitates the production of specially designed products in diverse shapes and sizes using various materials, serving industries from daily necessities to aerospace components. The cooling process in injection molding takes up a significant portion of an overall cycle time. In this study, a thermal analysis of conventional and threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity was conducted using infrared thermal imaging. The experiments measured the temperature distributions in the mold cavity as they reached steady states during both heating and cooling phases. The temperature–time dynamics within the injection mold cavity revealed that the threaded design was significantly more efficient, heating up 23.4 s faster and cooling down 33.3 s quicker than the conventional cooling channel. Additionally, the threaded cooling channel maintained a more uniform temperature distribution of 1.64 °C lower than that in conventional cooling. The threaded configuration achieved peak temperatures 5.88% more rapidly and returned faster to near-ambient levels by 5.55%, highlighting its enhanced efficiency. Findings showed a higher quality of mold products and a reduction in cooling time, with the threaded cooling channel producing parts characterized by a high-gloss and refined surface finish. This enhanced performance of the threaded cooling channel could lead to significant energy savings and productivity gains in industrial applications.

Graphical abstract

注塑成型是一种大规模制造工艺，可使用各种材料生产出形状和尺寸各异的特殊设计产品，服务于从日用品到航空航天组件等各行各业。注塑成型中的冷却过程在整个循环时间中占很大比重。本研究利用红外热成像技术对注塑模腔中的传统冷却通道和螺纹冷却通道进行了热分析。实验测量了模具型腔在加热和冷却阶段达到稳定状态时的温度分布。注塑模腔内的温度-时间动态显示，螺纹式设计的效率明显更高，与传统冷却通道相比，加热时间快 23.4 秒，冷却时间快 33.3 秒。此外，螺纹冷却通道的温度分布更均匀，比传统冷却方式低 1.64 °C。螺纹配置达到峰值温度的速度快 5.88%，恢复到接近环境温度的速度快 5.55%，凸显了其更高的效率。研究结果表明，螺纹冷却通道的模具产品质量更高，冷却时间更短，生产出的零件表面光洁细腻。螺纹冷却通道性能的提高可在工业应用中显著节约能源和提高生产率。

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引用次数: 0

Strong and tough conductive silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite hydrogel by a salting-in and salting-out synergistic effect 通过盐入和盐出协同效应实现强韧的导电丝纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01334-5

Honghui Ma, Yingxue Deng, Yubo Lin, Yu Zhang, Zhengxiong Zhou, Haoan Yu, Xiancai Jiang

Hofmeister effect has been used to prepare highly tough and conductive hydrogel. However, it usually needs the complex steps of post-treatment of a pre-formed weak hydrogel by soaking in salt solution. Herein, strong and tough silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SF/PVA) ionic conductive hydrogel was prepared by a simple one-pot method by direct introduction of sodium citrate (Na₃Cit) into SF/PVA solution. It was found that Na₃Cit could not be directly introduced into SF/PVA solution due to its salting-out effect to prepare tough hydrogel. Fortunately, the salting-out effect of Na₃Cit could be weakened with the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and glycerol in SF/PVA solution. Finally, the strong and tough SF/PVA hydrogel was obtained by the one-time freezing/thawing process of SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol solution. The tough SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel with the tensile strength of 0.33 MPa and elongation-at-break of 540% were obtained. The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel with the excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity was used as the strain sensor. The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel sensor could detect various human motions with high sensitivity (GF = 6.87). The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organo hydrogel strain sensor could generate reliable and reproducible electrical signals in response to various mechanical stimuli. We intend to present a simple and effective method to prepare high performance ionic hydrogel by Hofmeister effect.

Graphical Abstract

霍夫迈斯特效应已被用于制备高韧性和导电性水凝胶。然而，这种方法通常需要通过在盐溶液中浸泡对预先形成的弱水凝胶进行后处理等复杂步骤。本文采用简单的一锅法，在 SF/PVA 溶液中直接加入柠檬酸钠（Na3Cit），制备出了强韧的丝纤维素/聚乙烯醇（SF/PVA）离子导电水凝胶。研究发现，由于 Na3Cit 的盐析效应，无法将其直接引入 SF/PVA 溶液中制备韧性水凝胶。幸运的是，在 SF/PVA 溶液中加入氯化钙（CaCl2）和甘油可以减弱 Na3Cit 的盐析效应。最后，通过对 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油溶液进行一次性冷冻/解冻处理，得到了强韧的 SF/PVA 水凝胶。得到的韧性 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶的拉伸强度为 0.33 MPa，断裂伸长率为 540%。该 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶具有优异的机械性能和离子传导性，可用作应变传感器。SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶传感器能高灵敏度（GF = 6.87）地检测人体的各种运动。SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶应变传感器可对各种机械刺激产生可靠且可重复的电信号。我们打算介绍一种利用霍夫迈斯特效应制备高性能离子水凝胶的简单而有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible production of three-dimensional biocomposite from cotton micro-dust waste and sand blend through a novel combination of molten salt hydrate and sodium L-glutamate salt 通过熔盐水合物和 L-谷氨酸钠盐的新型组合，利用棉花微尘废料和混合砂灵活生产三维生物复合材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01322-9

Vignesh Natarajan, Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Chandraraj Krishnan

Cotton micro-dust (CMD) is a low-cost feedstock produced by cotton spinning mills. It consists of cellulose as the chief component, along with other non-cellulosic lignin and extractives. The two-stage pretreatment of CMD using alkali and acid facilitated cellulose enrichment and promoted favorable morphology for producing cellulose-based biomaterials. The process involves the solubilization of cellulose using an inexpensive and environmentally friendly zinc chloride solution for further conversion to biomaterials. The addition of novel cross-linker monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 5% (by weight) concentration facilitated the preparation of the polymer matrix at room temperature. The gelation process that transformed the liquid mixture into a solid polymer matrix depended on the shear-sensitive interaction between the Zn–CMD solution and the MSG. Further, the mix of CMD–ZnCl₂ and MSG was converted into a biocomposite by a reinforcement step with pit sand. The Zn–CMD–MSG acted as a binder for sand particles and formed a solid biocomposite. The complex association of sand with CMD conferred high thermal stability to the biocomposite. Moreover, the biocomposite showed good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 20 MPa and a flexural strength of 12 MPa. Hence, the present process is promising for developing a cellulose-based green composite from low-cost cotton waste and sand.

Graphical abstract

棉花微尘（CMD）是棉纺厂生产的一种低成本原料。它的主要成分是纤维素以及其他非纤维素木质素和萃取物。使用碱和酸对 CMD 进行两阶段预处理可促进纤维素富集，并为生产纤维素基生物材料提供有利的形态。该工艺包括使用廉价且环保的氯化锌溶液溶解纤维素，以便进一步转化为生物材料。添加 5%（重量）浓度的新型交联剂谷氨酸钠（MSG）有助于在室温下制备聚合物基质。将液态混合物转化为固态聚合物基质的凝胶化过程取决于 Zn-CMD 溶液与味精之间的剪切敏感性相互作用。此外，CMD-ZnCl2 和味精的混合物通过坑砂增强步骤转化为生物复合材料。Zn-CMD-MSG 可作为沙粒的粘合剂，形成固体生物复合材料。沙子与 CMD 的复杂结合赋予了生物复合材料很高的热稳定性。此外，该生物复合材料还具有良好的机械性能，拉伸强度达 20 兆帕，弯曲强度达 12 兆帕。因此，本工艺有望利用低成本的棉花废料和沙子开发出纤维素基绿色复合材料。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of various geopolymerization parameters on poor quality Afşin-Elbistan fly ash-based geopolymer concretes with ground granulated blast furnace slag 各种土工聚合参数对含有磨细高炉矿渣的劣质阿夫辛-伊尔比斯坦粉煤灰基土工聚合物混凝土的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01330-9

Ahmet Hayrullah Sevinç, Muhammed Yasin Durgun

The utilization of Afşin-Elbistan fly ash (FA), which cannot be used in cement and concrete industry in production of geopolymers, has been studied with some preliminary trials. In this study, FA of Afşin-Elbistan thermal power plant, which does not fit any of FA classes according to ASTM C 618, was used as a geopolymer binder raw material. The main motivation of the study is to investigate the partial usability of this type of FA, which is not sufficient on its own and creates a large amount of waste, as a geopolymer raw material. FA was replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by the ratios of 25% and 50% (by weights) in order to develop the properties of geopolymer concrete. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) (10 and 14 M) were used as activators. Three different activator to binder ratios (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65) and three SS/SH ratios (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5) were chosen. Unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed for 28 and 60 days. In order to investigate the microstructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. As a result, GGBFS incorporation enhanced the properties of Afşin-Elbistan FA-based geopolymer concrete. With the increase of GGBFS content, the compressive strength values increased. The highest strengths were obtained from 50% GGBFS groups. The results revealed that Afşin-Elbistan FA (AEFA), which has the highest waste reserve among the thermal power plant fly ashes in Turkey, could be evaluated as partial geopolymer raw material.

Graphical abstract

阿费辛-埃尔比斯坦粉煤灰（FA）不能用于水泥和混凝土工业，对其在土工聚合物生产中的应用进行了初步研究。在这项研究中，阿费辛-埃尔比斯坦热电厂的粉煤灰被用作土工聚合物粘合剂原料，而根据 ASTM C 618 标准，这种粉煤灰不属于任何一种粉煤灰等级。这项研究的主要动机是调查这类 FA 作为土工聚合物原料的部分可用性，因为这种 FA 本身并不充分，而且会产生大量废物。为了开发土工聚合物混凝土的性能，分别以 25% 和 50% 的比例（按重量计）用磨细高炉矿渣（GGBFS）替代 FA。硅酸钠（SS）和氢氧化钠（SH）（10 M 和 14 M）被用作活化剂。选择了三种不同的活化剂与粘合剂比率（0.45、0.55 和 0.65）和三种 SS/SH 比率（0.75、1.0 和 1.5）。分别进行了 28 天和 60 天的单位重量、抗压强度、劈裂拉伸强度和超声波脉速测试。为了研究微观结构，还进行了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析。结果表明，掺入 GGBFS 增强了以阿夫辛-埃尔比斯坦 FA 为基础的土工聚合物混凝土的性能。随着 GGBFS 含量的增加，抗压强度值也随之增加。50％ GGBFS 组的强度最高。研究结果表明，土耳其火电厂粉煤灰中废物储量最高的阿夫申-埃尔比斯坦 FA（AEFA）可作为部分土工聚合物原料进行评估。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions chromium (III) by modified corn starch/GO composite aerogel 改性玉米淀粉/GO 复合气凝胶对重金属离子铬 (III) 的高效吸附

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01326-5

Dequan Wei, Shenghua Lv, Shanshan Zhang, Jingjing Zuo, Shan Liang, Juhui Yang, Jialin Wang

Starch is a natural polymer containing a large number of active hydroxyl groups, which make it an ideal material for preparation of adsorption functional aerogels. In this work, a modified carboxymethyl corn starch/organic glass composite aerogel (CMSHA-GO) was successfully prepared using starch as raw material and hexamethylenediamine as cross-linking agent. It showed significant adsorption properties for heavy metal ions. When the composite aerogel was introduced with 10 mg GO, the adsorption capacity of CMSHA-GO₁₀ aerogel for heavy metal ions was in the order of Cr³⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Cr(VI) > Pb²⁺, while its adsorption performance for heavy metal ion Cr³⁺ was mainly discussed. The structures and morphologies of the composite aerogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The results showed that the CMSHA-GO composite aerogel has a stable three-dimensional mesh-like porous structure with good conditions for metal ion adsorption. In addition, the effects of different GO contents, pH values, and time conditions on the adsorption of metal ions by the CMSHA-GO composite aerogel were discussed. When the weight ratio of carboxymethyl starch: hexanediamine: GO was 10:0.1:0.1, the CMSHA-GO₁₀ composite aerogel showed the best adsorption performance for Cr³⁺ ions. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 3 h at an initial Cr³⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L⁻¹, with a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (q_e^cale) of 212.7 mg/g.

Graphical abstract

淀粉是一种天然聚合物，含有大量活性羟基，是制备吸附功能气凝胶的理想材料。本研究以淀粉为原料，六亚甲基二胺为交联剂，成功制备了改性羧甲基玉米淀粉/有机玻璃复合气凝胶（CMSHA-GO）。它对重金属离子具有明显的吸附特性。当复合气凝胶中引入 10 mg GO 时，CMSHA-GO10 气凝胶对重金属离子的吸附能力依次为 Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Cr(VI) > Pb2+，主要讨论了其对重金属离子 Cr3+ 的吸附性能。傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术对复合气凝胶的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明，CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶具有稳定的三维网状多孔结构，具有良好的金属离子吸附条件。此外，还讨论了不同的 GO 含量、pH 值和时间条件对 CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶吸附金属离子的影响。当羧甲基淀粉：己二胺：GO 的重量比为 10:0.1:0.2 时，CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶对金属离子的吸附效果最好：GO的重量比为10:0.1:0.1时，CMSHA-GO10复合气凝胶对Cr3+离子的吸附性能最好。在初始 Cr3+ 浓度为 500 mg-L-1 时，3 h 内达到吸附平衡，最大平衡吸附容量（qecale）为 212.7 mg/g。

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引用次数: 0

Flame retardant polyvinyl alcohol composite with excellent comprehensive properties prepared using Cu2O/chitosan and phosphorus-based flame retardants 使用 Cu2O/ 壳聚糖和磷系阻燃剂制备综合性能优异的阻燃聚乙烯醇复合材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01327-4

Wenzong Xu, Yi Zhang, Julan Liu, Ziyi Xuan, Lulu Su, Maotong Zhao

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has good film-forming and barrier properties and can be used as packaging and biomedical materials, etc. However, PVA burns easily and is prone to melt dropping, limiting its wider application. In this study, Cu₂O/Cs was prepared by coating chitosan (Cs) on the surface of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O), and mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and phytic acid (PA) to prepare PVA composites. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PVA composite with 8% (by weight) APP and 2% (by weight) Cu₂O/Cs as flame retardants was 30.6%, which was 50.7% higher than that of pure PVA. Compared with pure PVA, its composite peak heat release rate (pHRR) was significantly reduced by 81.1%, and its total heat release rate (THR) was also markedly reduced by 67.7%, while its time to ignition (TTI) was increased by 41 s. The main reasons were that the gas generated by APP decomposition during heating reduced the concentration of combustible gas, the generated phosphorus-containing substances promoted the dehydration and carbonization of PVA, and Cu₂O and chitosan (Cs) improved the compactness of the carbon layer. In particular, the incorporation of Cu₂O/Cs improved the mechanical properties of our PVA composites compared with those containing only APP and PA. In short, the combination of Cu₂O/Cs and phosphorus-based flame retardants improved the flame retardant performance of PVA at low additions while taking into account the mechanical properties. This is expected to expand the range of applications of PVA.

Graphical Abstract

聚乙烯醇（PVA）具有良好的成膜性和阻隔性，可用作包装材料和生物医学材料等。然而，聚乙烯醇易燃烧且易熔滴，限制了其更广泛的应用。本研究通过在氧化亚铜（Cu2O）表面包覆壳聚糖（Cs）制备了 Cu2O/Cs，并与聚磷酸铵（APP）和植酸（PA）混合制备了 PVA 复合材料。结果表明，以 8%（重量）APP 和 2%（重量）Cu2O/Cs 作为阻燃剂的 PVA 复合材料的极限氧指数（LOI）值为 30.6%，比纯 PVA 高 50.7%。与纯 PVA 相比，其复合材料的峰值放热率（pHRR）明显降低了 81.1%，总放热率（THR）也明显降低了 67.7%，而着火时间（TTI）则增加了 41 秒，主要原因是加热过程中 APP 分解产生的气体降低了可燃气体的浓度，产生的含磷物质促进了 PVA 的脱水和碳化，而 Cu2O 和壳聚糖（Cs）则提高了碳层的致密性。特别是，与仅含 APP 和 PA 的 PVA 复合材料相比，Cu2O/Cs 的加入改善了复合材料的机械性能。简而言之，Cu2O/Cs 与磷系阻燃剂的结合提高了 PVA 在低添加量下的阻燃性能，同时兼顾了机械性能。这有望扩大 PVA 的应用范围。

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引用次数: 0