Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第3页

Long-chain branched copolyesters based on butylene succinate and ethylene terephthalate: synthesis, characterization, thermal and rheological properties 基于丁二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的长链支化共聚物：合成、表征、热性能和流变性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01358-x

Rezvene Nayeb Abbasi, Mehdi Rafizadeh

The introduction of long-chain branches can significantly increase the melt strength and processability of the polyesters. Hence, in the present study, a number of long-chain branched copolyesters were synthesized and the effect of branching agent on the properties of copolyesters was examined. Pentaerythritol (PER) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were used as branching agents for the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate-co-ethylene terephthalate) (PBSET). Microstructure and composition of the copolyesters were characterized by ¹H. NMR and their successful synthesis were corroborated. DSC test proved the semi-crystalline nature of copolymers and corroborated the crystallinity decrement with branching. The crystallinity decreased by 30–47%, when long-chain branches were formed in PBEST. Interestingly, no secondary crystallization was observed using the Avrami model. Furthermore, the Avrami exponent was in the range of 2.5–4.5, signifying a 3D-crystal growth. According to the shear viscosity measurement, the branched copolymers revealed more shear thinning behavior compared to their linear counterparts, and according to the elongational viscosity measurement, the PER branched copolymer displayed a stronger strain hardening response compared to its linear and TMA branched counterparts. Moreover, the shear modulus was raised by two orders of magnitude with branching. Having higher entanglement and less mobility, the long-chain branched copolyesters displayed longer relaxation times compared to their linear counterpart. Despite the outstanding feature of the TMA, its inclusion more than 0.4% (per mol) was not possible due to its declining effect on copolymer extensibility.

Graphical abstract

引入长链分支可显著提高聚酯的熔体强度和加工性能。因此，本研究合成了一些长链支化共聚聚酯，并考察了支化剂对共聚聚酯性能的影响。在合成聚（丁二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）（PBSET）时，使用了季戊四醇（PER）和偏苯三酸酐（TMA）作为支化剂。共聚聚酯的微观结构和组成由 1H.NMR 对共聚多酯的微观结构和组成进行了表征，并证实了它们的成功合成。DSC 测试证明了共聚物的半结晶性质，并证实了结晶度会随着支化而降低。在 PBEST 中形成长链分支时，结晶度降低了 30-47%。有趣的是，使用 Avrami 模型没有观察到二次结晶。此外，阿夫拉米指数的范围在 2.5-4.5 之间，这表明存在三维晶体生长。剪切粘度测量结果表明，与线性共聚物相比，支化共聚物具有更强的剪切稀化性能；拉伸粘度测量结果表明，与线性共聚物和 TMA 支化共聚物相比，PER 支化共聚物具有更强的应变硬化响应。此外，支化后的剪切模量提高了两个数量级。与线性共聚物相比，长链支化共聚物具有更高的缠结性和更低的流动性，因此弛豫时间更长。尽管 TMA 特性突出，但由于其对共聚物延展性的影响逐渐减弱，因此其含量不可能超过 0.4%（每摩尔）。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring biodegradable polymer composites for sustainable packaging: a review on properties, manufacturing techniques, and environmental impacts 探索用于可持续包装的可生物降解聚合物复合材料：性能、制造技术和环境影响综述

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01365-y

Maziyar Sabet

Biodegradable polymer composites (BPCs) emerge as a promising solution to the escalating plastics pollution crisis. This review comprehensively analyzes their multifaceted properties, including mechanical strength, gas barrier function, and biodegradation rates, emphasizing their potential for tailored applications in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical packaging. By delving into the optimization of BPC characteristics, we illustrate how these materials can enhance product integrity and extend shelf life, crucial for maintaining the quality and safety of packaged goods. Scalable and cost-effective manufacturing techniques are critically examined, aiming to bridge the gap toward commercial viability and widespread adoption of BPCs. Beyond biodegradability, the adherence to stringent environmental standards is emphasized, promoting a circular economy within packaging through material recovery and reintegration processes. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are incorporated to provide a holistic environmental perspective, evaluating the overall impact of BPCs from production to disposal. Industry perspectives are integrated to assess the economic feasibility of BPC adoption across diverse sectors, analyzing potential cost benefits and challenges in integrating BPCs into existing production lines. Finally, the evolving regulatory landscape surrounding BPCs is addressed, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for their widespread adoption. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for industry and academia, advocating for BPCs as a crucial step toward a sustainable future for packaging, combining environmental responsibility with practical application.

Graphical abstract

可生物降解聚合物复合材料（BPCs）是解决不断升级的塑料污染危机的一个前景广阔的方案。本综述全面分析了它们的多方面特性，包括机械强度、气体阻隔功能和生物降解率，强调了它们在食品、饮料和药品包装领域的定制应用潜力。通过深入探讨 BPC 特性的优化，我们说明了这些材料如何能够提高产品的完整性并延长保质期，这对保持包装产品的质量和安全性至关重要。我们对可扩展和具有成本效益的制造技术进行了严格审查，旨在缩小 BPC 在商业可行性和广泛采用方面的差距。除了生物降解性之外，还强调要遵守严格的环境标准，通过材料回收和再整合过程促进包装内的循环经济。研究纳入了生命周期评估（LCA）研究，以提供一个整体的环境视角，评估 BPC 从生产到处置的整体影响。此外，还纳入了行业视角，以评估不同行业采用 BPC 的经济可行性，分析将 BPC 集成到现有生产线中的潜在成本效益和挑战。最后，还讨论了围绕 BPC 不断变化的监管环境，强调了广泛采用 BPC 所面临的挑战和机遇。这份全面的分析报告为工业界和学术界提供了宝贵的资源，倡导将 BPC 作为实现包装可持续未来的关键一步，将环境责任与实际应用相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Application of ultrasonic radiation for the development of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites and its effect on the PP chemical degradation 超声辐射在聚丙烯/多壁纳米碳管纳米复合材料开发中的应用及其对聚丙烯化学降解的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01360-3

J. G. Martínez-Colunga, V. J. Cruz-Delgado, S. Sánchez-Valdés, J. M. Mata-Padilla, L. F. Ramos-de Valle, A. B. Espinoza-Martínez, R. Benavides, E. Ramírez-Vargas, J. A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J. F. Lara-Sanchez, T. Lozano-Ramirez

The effects of ultrasound on the chemical structure of polypropylene (PP) and its composites with different MWCNT content were investigated. The PP composites with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (by weight) MWCNT were extruded using a traditional single-screw extruder and immediately US irradiated in a static mixer. The chemical structure of PP was characterized by using FTIR, DSC, TGA, and GPC to determine any changes caused by the ultrasound, and the MWCNT structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PP/MWCNT composites were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, and SEM, and tested for tensile properties, thermal stability, and electrical and thermal conductivity. The results showed that ultrasonic irradiation caused a slight oxidation in the PP structure and a 13% reduction in its molecular weight. An increase in PP crystallinity, attributed to the improved nucleating effect of the nanotubes, was also observed as a consequence of ultrasonic irradiation. The sonicated PP/MWCNT composites exhibited better dispersion of nanotubes within the PP matrix, resulting in a 30% increment in the elasticity modulus, 45 °C higher for thermal decomposition, an 11 orders of magnitude enhanced volume resistivity, and a 25% increment in thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the SEM results showed that the MWCNT structure was maintained during processing, thanks to the low shear stresses provided by the single-screw extruder, but keeping dispersion with the ultrasonic static mixer.

Graphical abstract

研究了超声波对不同 MWCNT 含量的聚丙烯（PP）及其复合材料化学结构的影响。使用传统的单螺杆挤出机挤出含有 0%、1%、3% 和 5%（重量比）MWCNT 的聚丙烯复合材料，并立即在静态混合器中进行超声辐照。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、数显分析仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）和气相色谱法（GPC）对聚丙烯的化学结构进行表征，以确定超声波引起的任何变化，并使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对 MWCNT 结构进行表征。使用拉曼光谱、DSC、TGA 和 SEM 对 PP/MWCNT 复合材料进行表征，并测试其拉伸性能、热稳定性、导电性和导热性。结果表明，超声波辐照导致聚丙烯结构发生轻微氧化，分子量降低了 13%。超声辐照还导致聚丙烯结晶度增加，这归因于纳米管成核效应的改善。超声处理后的 PP/MWCNT 复合材料显示出纳米管在 PP 基质中更好的分散性，从而使弹性模量提高了 30%，热分解温度提高了 45 °C，体积电阻率提高了 11 个数量级，热导率提高了 25%。此外，SEM 结果表明，由于单螺杆挤出机提供的低剪切应力，MWCNT 结构在加工过程中得以保持，但在超声波静态混合器中保持分散。

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引用次数: 0

An optimized hybrid graphite/boron nitride polymer nanocomposite: enhancement in characteristic properties 优化的石墨/氮化硼杂化聚合物纳米复合材料：特性的增强

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01361-2

Debamita Mohanty, Smita Mohanty, Debmalya Roy, Sakti Ranjan Acharya, Arun Kumar

Hybrid nanocomposites have been synthesized utilizing epoxy (E) and varying weight percentages of carbon nanotube (CNT), exfoliated graphite (EG), boron nitride (BN), and graphene (GR) as fillers. The incorporation of these nanofillers into the epoxy matrix led to significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix polymer. Two specific nanocomposite formulations were optimized, one comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.3% (by weight) BN (E/CNT₁/BN₂), and the other comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.5% (by weight) EG (E/CNT₁/EG₃). These formulations demonstrated optimized mechanical properties like impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength with values of 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m², 50.35 ± 4 MPa, 0.201 W/(mK), and 97.57 ± 3 MPa in case of E/CNT₁/EG₃, and 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m², 54.59 ± 5 MPa, 0.224 W/(mK), and 116.37 ± 6 MPa for E/CNT₁/BN₂ nanocomposite. The incorporation of fillers also resulted in notable enhancements in thermal properties, as evidenced from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, flame properties of the optimized composite were investigated through cone calorimetry tests while the corresponding char residue was analyzed by employing SEM.

Graphical Abstract

利用环氧树脂（E）和不同重量百分比的碳纳米管（CNT）、剥离石墨（EG）、氮化硼（BN）和石墨烯（GR）作为填料，合成了混合纳米复合材料。将这些纳米填料掺入环氧树脂基体后，基体聚合物的机械性能和热性能显著提高。对两种特定的纳米复合材料配方进行了优化，一种配方包含 0.2% （重量比）的 CNT 和 0.3% （重量比）的 BN（E/CNT1/BN2），另一种配方包含 0.2% （重量比）的 CNT 和 0.5% （重量比）的 EG（E/CNT1/EG3）。这些配方显示出优化的机械性能，如冲击强度、拉伸强度、热导率和弯曲强度，其中 E/CNT1/EG3 的值为 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m2、50.35 ± 4 MPa、0.201 W/(mK) 和 97.57 ± 3 MPa，E/CNT1/BN2 纳米复合材料的值为 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m2、54.59 ± 5 MPa、0.224 W/(mK) 和 116.37 ± 6 MPa。从差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析法（TGA）和动态力学分析法（DMA）的结果来看，填料的加入也显著提高了热性能。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了纳米复合材料的结构和形态特性。此外，还通过锥形量热试验研究了优化复合材料的火焰特性，并利用扫描电子显微镜分析了相应的炭渣。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation and optimization of nerve cells’ proliferation on electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds 电纺纳米纤维支架上神经细胞增殖的估算与优化

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01347-0

Fatemeh Zamani, Mohammad Amani-Tehran

Due to the importance of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering to regenerate and repair nerve injuries, the main purpose of this study is to present an optimized physical structure of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffold as a biodegradable polymer that can increase nerve cells’ growth and proliferation. The effect of each scaffold property on the proliferation of the cells is assessed by estimating and modeling the rate of cell proliferation based on the scaffold’s structural characteristics, and the cell growth behavior is analyzed considering the changes in physical properties. Also, a statistical model is presented to estimate and optimize the number of proliferated cells by simultaneously considering the most effective electrospinning parameters related to the scaffold’s physical structure, utilizing the response surface methodology. The obtained results introduce the scaffold and fiber’s porosity as the most important scaffold property on cell growth enhancement. The optimal amounts of initial properties are 3% (w/v) and 2.5 m/s for solution concentration, and the collector linear velocity, respectively, based on the designed model, as well as the amount of the optimum estimated results is 1.359, which did not have a significant difference with the experimental results of these points. The scaffold suggested by the model had proper fiber alignment and diameter, providing the most optimal structure, adhesion, and cell proliferation in the desired direction by generating optimum porosity and hydrophilicity.

Graphical abstract

鉴于电纺纳米纤维支架在组织工程中再生和修复神经损伤的重要性，本研究的主要目的是提出一种优化物理结构的聚乳酸-共聚乙醇酸（PLGA）纳米纤维支架，作为一种可生物降解的聚合物，它可以增加神经细胞的生长和增殖。根据支架的结构特征对细胞增殖率进行估算和建模，评估了支架的各项特性对细胞增殖的影响，并根据物理特性的变化分析了细胞的生长行为。此外，还提出了一个统计模型，通过同时考虑与支架物理结构相关的最有效电纺参数，利用响应面方法估算和优化增殖细胞的数量。结果表明，支架和纤维的孔隙率是影响细胞生长的最重要的支架特性。根据设计的模型，初始属性的最佳量分别为溶液浓度的 3% (w/v) 和 2.5 m/s，以及收集器线速度，最佳估计结果的量为 1.359，与实验结果的这些点没有显著差异。该模型所建议的支架具有适当的纤维排列和直径，通过产生最佳的孔隙率和亲水性，在所需方向上提供了最理想的结构、粘附性和细胞增殖。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics study of catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene polymer using response surface method 利用响应面法对聚苯乙烯聚合物催化热解进行动力学研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01362-1

Nasrollah Majidian, Mahyar Saleh, Mohammad Samipourgiri

The present study investigates the kinetics of polystyrene catalytic pyrolysis using the response surface method. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used polymers that decomposes slowly in the environment. Two models (nth-order reaction and first-order reaction) have been employed to examine the catalytic pyrolysis process. One-liter hydrothermal reactor is filled with 100 g of polystyrene granules that have an estimated diameter of 1 mm and an Iranian natural zeolite catalyst. 100 mL of n-hexane and the catalyst are added to the reactor for improved mixing and to stop the catalyst particles from escaping. Then, the reactor is sealed and when the polymer melts down, nitrogen gas is injected with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. Three variables of time (30–120 min), temperature (100–300 °C), and the amount of catalyst (2, 4, 6 g) were selected as independent variables. For statistical analysis, the second-order model (response surface methodology) was used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results have shown that temperature and time have a significant effect on pyrolysis efficiency and the Group Method of Data Handling neural network was used to investigate the effect of parameters such as time, temperature, amount of catalyst, polystyrene amount, and pyrolysis mass volume. The findings illustrated that temperature has the greatest effect on the pyrolysis product and the results of kinetic investigation have shown that the nth-order reaction is more suitable for the kinetic justification of all experimental data because the degree of compatibility between experimental data and modeling results is higher than the first-order reaction.

Graphical abstract

本研究采用响应面法研究了聚苯乙烯催化热解动力学。聚苯乙烯是最广泛使用的聚合物之一，在环境中分解缓慢。我们采用了两种模型（正阶反应和一阶反应）来研究催化热解过程。在一升水热反应器中装入 100 克估计直径为 1 毫米的聚苯乙烯颗粒和伊朗天然沸石催化剂。向反应器中加入 100 毫升正己烷和催化剂，以改善混合效果并阻止催化剂颗粒逸出。然后密封反应器，当聚合物熔化后，以 100 mL/min 的流速注入氮气。选择时间（30-120 分钟）、温度（100-300 °C）和催化剂用量（2、4、6 克）这三个变量作为自变量。在统计分析中，采用了二阶模型（响应面法）来找出自变量和因变量之间的关系。结果表明，温度和时间对热解效率有显著影响，并采用分组数据处理法神经网络研究了时间、温度、催化剂用量、聚苯乙烯用量和热解质量体积等参数的影响。研究结果表明，温度对热解产物的影响最大，动力学研究结果表明，由于实验数据与建模结果之间的吻合程度高于一阶反应，因此 nth 阶反应更适合用于所有实验数据的动力学论证。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of rare-earth LDHs stabilizers and their effects on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) 稀土 LDHs 稳定剂的制备及其对聚氯乙烯热稳定性的影响

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01363-0

Peijie Jia, Jinsheng Duan, Zhaogang Liu, Yilin Li, Guifang Du, Yanhong Hu, Jinxiu Wu

This study delves into the exploration of zinc lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–La-LDHs) and zinc aluminum lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–Al–La-LDHs) as potential thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The investigation aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of the above rare-earth (RE) LDHs in combination with dibenzoylmethane (β-diketone), pentaerythritol (PE), and other commonly employed heat stabilizers on PVC’s crucial properties, including thermal stability, plasticization, and mechanical strength. The experimental findings demonstrated notable enhancements in PVC’s thermal stability upon incorporation of RE-LDHs, β-diketone, and PE. This enhancement is attributed to the ability of RE-LDHs to effectively hinder degradation reactions within the PVC matrix, thereby increasing its degradation activation energy and overall stability. Moreover, the integration of RE-LDHs contributes significantly to improving PVC’s plasticization and mechanical properties, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of applications. While both Zn–La-LDHs and Zn–Al–La-LDHs exhibited good thermal stability, Zn–La-LDHs demonstrated slightly inferior performance compared to Zn–Al–La-LDHs. This distinction underscores the importance of considering the specific characteristics of each LDHs compound when formulating PVC stabilizer systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of RE-LDHs as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional PVC stabilizers, offering opportunities to develop sustainable stabilizer formulations that address environmental concerns associated with conventional stabilizers. In conclusion, the synthesis and application of RE-LDHs represent a significant advancement in PVC stabilization technology, providing a viable and environmentally conscious approach to enhancing the performance and longevity of PVC-based materials.

Graphical abstract

本研究探讨了锌镧系层状双氢氧化物（Zn-La-LDHs）和锌铝镧系层状双氢氧化物（Zn-Al-La-LDHs）作为聚氯乙烯（PVC）潜在热稳定剂的可能性。这项研究旨在阐明上述稀土（RE）层状双氢氧化物与二苯甲酰基甲烷（β-二酮）、季戊四醇（PE）和其他常用热稳定剂结合使用对聚氯乙烯关键性能（包括热稳定性、塑化和机械强度）的协同作用。实验结果表明，加入 RE-LDHs、β-二酮和 PE 后，聚氯乙烯的热稳定性显著提高。这种增强归因于 RE-LDHs 能够有效阻碍聚氯乙烯基质内的降解反应，从而提高其降解活化能和整体稳定性。此外，RE-LDHs 的加入还大大改善了聚氯乙烯的塑化和机械性能，使其适用于各种不同的应用领域。虽然 Zn-La-LDHs 和 Zn-Al-La-LDHs 都具有良好的热稳定性，但 Zn-La-LDHs 的性能略逊于 Zn-Al-La-LDHs。这种区别强调了在配制聚氯乙烯稳定剂体系时考虑每种 LDHs 化合物具体特性的重要性。此外，本研究还强调了 RE-LDHs 作为传统 PVC 稳定剂的环保型替代品的潜力，为开发可持续稳定剂配方提供了机会，从而解决了与传统稳定剂相关的环境问题。总之，RE-LDHs 的合成和应用代表了聚氯乙烯稳定化技术的重大进步，为提高聚氯乙烯基材料的性能和使用寿命提供了一种可行且具有环保意识的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams obtained from reactive phosphorus-containing polyols dispersed in polyethylene glycol 由分散在聚乙二醇中的活性含磷多元醇获得的柔性聚氨酯泡沫的热稳定性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4

Stanley Olivier Kanemoto, Pierre Christelle Mvondo Onana, Arnaud Maxime Yona Cheumani, Maurice Kor Ndikontar, Madurai Suguna Lakshmi

Flame-retardant and flexibility-enhanced phosphorus-polyurethane foams (P-PUF)s were prepared from phosphorus–hydroxyl precursors and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polyols. In the first step, three different precursors, such as tris-(5-hydroxypentyl) phosphate (P-Pen-OHs), tris-(4-hydroxybutyl) phosphate (P-But-OHs), and tris-(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphate (P-Pro-OHs) were synthesized and used as flame retardants. In the second step, the precursors were made to react with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to modify the flexibility and flame retardancy properties of the P-PUF product. The P-PUFs were obtained by a one-shot process system and then analyzed for their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive strength properties. Among all P-PUF samples, P-But-PUF showed the best compressive properties with a Young’s modulus value of 0.167 MPa. The compressive properties of P-PUF are found to be proportional to their relative density. These results show that the chemical structure of the phosphorus–hydroxyl precursor had a slight effect on the compressive properties as well as the porosity of the final materials. All the foams had T_g values in the range of 58–70 ℃ and their thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere started around 100 ℃. From the limiting oxygen index test, P-PUF samples are considered marginally stable materials with a slow-burning behavior that confirms the efficiency of reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants.

Graphic abstract

以磷羟基前体和聚乙二醇（PEG）为多元醇制备了阻燃性和柔韧性增强型磷聚氨酯泡沫（P-PUF）。第一步，合成了三种不同的前体，如磷酸三（5-羟基戊基）酯（P-Pen-OHs）、磷酸三（4-羟基丁基）酯（P-But-OHs）和磷酸三（3-羟基丙基）酯（P-Pro-OHs），并将其用作阻燃剂。第二步是使前体与甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯发生反应，以改变 P-PUF 产品的柔韧性和阻燃性能。P-PUF 通过一次成型工艺系统制得，然后对其热稳定性、阻燃性和抗压强度性能进行了分析。在所有 P-PUF 样品中，P-But-PUF 的抗压性能最好，其杨氏模量值为 0.167 兆帕。研究发现，P-PUF 的抗压性能与其相对密度成正比。这些结果表明，磷羟基前体的化学结构对最终材料的压缩性能和孔隙率有轻微影响。所有泡沫的 Tg 值都在 58-70 ℃ 之间，在氮气环境中的热降解始于 100 ℃ 左右。从极限氧指数测试来看，P-PUF 样品被认为是具有缓慢燃烧行为的边缘稳定材料，这证实了反应性磷基阻燃剂的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Modification of fly ash cenospheres by 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) for anticorrosive coating applications 用 3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷 (GPTMS) 改性粉煤灰仙人球，用于防腐涂层应用

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01359-w

Mithilesh Kogje, Siddhesh Mestry, Jyoti Darsan Mohanty, S. T. Mhaske

The present work focused on the functionalization of fly ash cenospheres (FACs) by GPTMS for anticorrosive applications. FACs are an industrial waste product from coal industry that possesses valuable properties such as lightweight, low water absorption, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness. Epoxy is one of the best materials for superior corrosion performance and excellent substrate adhesion and therefore was chosen as the base matrix. 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was selected as the suitable silane functionalization agent (with the variation of 2, 4, and 6 wt% of cenospheres due to its compatibility with epoxy resin). GPTMS can help corrosion control by forming dense Si–O–Si networks that act as a protective barrier against water, aggressive ions, etc. FTIR and XRD analyses studied the primary structural confirmation of silane-modified cenosphere, while the morphology was studied by SEM analysis. TGA and DTG curves investigated the thermal properties of the coatings, while EIS studies evaluated the anticorrosive attributes. The EIS results showed that the corrosion rate decreased as the percentage of silane increased in the coating, which indicates the superior anticorrosion behaviour of the 6 GPTMS FAC–epoxy sample compared to others.

Graphical abstract

本研究的重点是利用 GPTMS 对粉煤灰仙人球（FACs）进行功能化处理，以实现防腐应用。粉煤灰是煤炭工业的一种工业废料，具有轻质、低吸水性、耐腐蚀和化学惰性等宝贵特性。环氧树脂是防腐性能和基材附着力最好的材料之一，因此被选为基体。3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) 被选为合适的硅烷官能化剂（由于其与环氧树脂的兼容性，仙人球的重量百分比为 2、4 和 6）。GPTMS 可以形成致密的 Si-O-Si 网络，对水和腐蚀性离子等起到保护作用，从而有助于腐蚀控制。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析研究了硅烷改性仙人球的主要结构确认，而扫描电镜分析则研究了其形貌。TGA 和 DTG 曲线研究了涂层的热特性，而 EIS 研究则评估了涂层的防腐特性。EIS 结果表明，随着硅烷在涂层中所占比例的增加，腐蚀速率也随之降低，这表明 6 GPTMS FAC-epoxy 样品的防腐性能优于其他样品。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of novel pectin-based copper oxide nanocomposite and its application for removal and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution 新型果胶基氧化铜纳米复合材料的合成与表征及其在去除和光催化降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝中的应用

IF 3.1 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01355-0

Ravi Kumar, Poorn Prakash Pande, Arbind Chaurasiya, Kajal Kumar Dey, Nandita Kushwaha, Praveen Kumar, Kopal Kashaudhan

The pectin-modified hydrogel-copper oxide nanocomposite (PMH@CuO) has been successfully synthesized using free radical polymerization method by incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pectin-modified hydrogel (PMH) network. The target of this work was to examine the usage of PMH@CuO nanocomposite for eliminating methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as well as PMH@CuO nanocomposite have been characterized by several techniques, viz., UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopies, TGA, ΔpH_pzc, XRD, and SEM analyses. The percentage removal of MB dye has been found to be 98.41% at pH of 7 during 30 min with dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and dosage of adsorbent 1.2 g/L, at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics has been found to fit perfectly with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data fit appreciably with Langmuir isotherm model, representing monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity (q_e) of 132.27 mg/g at 25℃. A thermodynamic analysis revealed that the MB dye adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process and resulted in lowering of entropy. The photocatalytic activity of the PMH@CuO nanocomposite has been found to be quite notable as the degradation of 80.20% of MB dye was observed within 60 min under visible light. Moreover, the synthesized nanocomposite was reusable up to five adsorption and desorption cycles with 86.8% of adsorption and 85.4% of desorption in fifth cycle.

Graphical Abstract

通过在果胶改性水凝胶（PMH）网络中加入氧化铜纳米粒子，利用自由基聚合法成功合成了果胶改性水凝胶-氧化铜纳米复合材料（PMH@CuO）。这项工作的目标是研究 PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料在消除水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料方面的应用。CuO 纳米粒子（NPs）和 PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料已通过多种技术进行了表征，即紫外-可见光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱、热重分析、ΔpHpzc、XRD 和扫描电镜分析。结果表明，当染料浓度为 50 毫克/升、吸附剂用量为 1.2 克/升、pH 值为 7、温度为 25 摄氏度时，30 分钟内 MB 染料的去除率为 98.41%。吸附动力学完全符合伪二阶动力学模型。吸附数据明显符合 Langmuir 等温线模型，代表单层吸附，25℃ 时的最大吸附容量（qe）为 132.27 毫克/克。热力学分析表明，甲基溴染料吸附是一个自发的放热过程，并导致熵值降低。PMH@CuO 纳米复合材料的光催化活性非常显著，在可见光下 60 分钟内就降解了 80.20% 的甲基溴染料。此外，合成的纳米复合材料可重复使用五个吸附和解吸周期，第五个周期的吸附率为 86.8%，解吸率为 85.4%。

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引用次数: 0