Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第3页

Carbon nanotube PU/PMMA interpenetrating polymer network: effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the dynamic mechanical properties and sound absorption coefficients of nanocomposites 碳纳米管PU/PMMA互穿聚合物网络：多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）对纳米复合材料动态力学性能和吸声系数的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01513-y

Gholamreza Moradi, Sana Mohammadi, Saeed Musavi, Amir Ershad-Langroudi

A hybrid structure comprising two polymers, polyurethane, and polymethyl methacrylate, forms an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), sound absorption coefficient (SAC), and airflow resistivity (AFR). The content of MWCNTs varied within the range of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% (by wt) of the total weight of the IPN. The results showed enhanced mechanical, acoustic, and thermal stability properties of the IPN nanocomposites compared to pristine IPN. Considering the changes in the SAC, the sound absorption performance of the IPN absorber was affected by the use of MWCNTs with different contents. In addition, an IPN with 0.6% (by wt) MWCNTs showed the best mechanical properties and the highest sound absorption over the measured frequency range. The DMA showed superior results by adding the MWCNTs fillers to pure IPN, mainly due to the enhanced interfacial contact and compatibility between the IPN composite and the MWCNTs filler. The results indicated that the damping performance of the prepared composite was mainly affected by the loss factor, which can effectively improve SAC, especially at low frequencies. Finally, a multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between SAC and the frequency and amount of MWCNTs.

Graphical abstract

一种由聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯两种聚合物组成的杂化结构，与多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）形成互穿聚合物网络（IPN）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）、动态力学分析（DMA）、吸声系数（SAC）和气流电阻率（AFR）进行表征。MWCNTs的含量在IPN总重量的0、0.3、0.6和0.9%（按wt计）范围内变化。结果表明，与原始IPN相比，IPN纳米复合材料的力学、声学和热稳定性都有所提高。考虑到SAC的变化，使用不同含量的MWCNTs对IPN吸声材料的吸声性能有影响。此外，在测量的频率范围内，含有0.6% (wt) MWCNTs的IPN表现出最佳的力学性能和最高的吸声性能。在纯IPN中加入MWCNTs填料后，DMA表现出优异的效果，这主要是由于IPN复合材料与MWCNTs填料之间的界面接触和相容性增强。结果表明，所制备的复合材料的阻尼性能主要受损耗因子的影响，可以有效地改善SAC，特别是在低频时。最后，进行多元回归分析，研究SAC与MWCNTs的频率和用量之间的关系。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Effect of natural weathering on the properties of fishing net materials: a study on the degradation of polyethylene netting twines 自然风化对渔网材料性能的影响：聚乙烯网线的降解研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01514-x

Kavitha Mandhir Sandhya, Pachareentavita Muhamed Ashraf, Archana Girija

Degradation in the strength characteristics of fishing nets due to natural weathering has major technical and environmental significance. Deterioration in the strength of net leads to breakage and loss of net parts/nets into the aquatic ecosystem. This will result in adverse environmental impacts including plastic pollution and capture/entanglement of non-targeted species in these lost nets. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of outdoor natural weathering on polyethylene (PE) netting twine, focusing on changes in mechanical properties, mainly the breaking strength and elongation-at-break values. PE netting twines were exposed to outdoor natural weathering for 1 year at Willingdon island, Kerala, India. Breaking strength values decreased exponentially with the progress in weathering and 50% loss in the values observed after 270 days of exposure. Loss in elongation-at-break values was higher compared to loss in that of breaking strength. Surface degradation of weathered samples was characterized by many cracks and grooves, and the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed notable chemical structure alterations. The results will be useful for predicting the service life of the PE netting twine. The baseline data generated can also be used for developing mitigation measures to reduce the negative ecological impacts resulting from the weathering and degradation of fishing net materials.

Graphical abstract

渔网因自然风化而导致的强度特性退化具有重大的技术和环境意义。渔网强度的退化导致渔网部分的破损和流失到水生生态系统中。这将导致不利的环境影响，包括塑料污染和捕获/缠住这些丢失的渔网中的非目标物种。本文旨在研究室外自然风化对聚乙烯（PE）网线的影响，重点研究其力学性能的变化，主要是断裂强度和断裂伸长率。PE网线在印度喀拉拉邦的威灵顿岛暴露于室外自然风化1年。断裂强度随风化进程呈指数级下降，暴露270天后断裂强度下降50%。断裂伸长率的损失高于断裂强度的损失。风化后的样品表面出现了许多裂纹和凹槽，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果显示出明显的化学结构变化。研究结果对PE网线的使用寿命预测具有一定的指导意义。所产生的基线数据还可用于制定缓解措施，以减少渔网材料风化和退化造成的负面生态影响。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Natural rubber–halloysite nanotube films as effective adsorbents towards methylene blue: adsorption kinetics and isothermal studies 天然橡胶-高岭土纳米管薄膜对亚甲基蓝的有效吸附剂：吸附动力学和等温研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01508-9

Yee Chien Tan, Noor Hana Hanif Abu Bakar, Benjamin Tze-Wei Tan

A series of natural rubber–halloysite nanotubes (NR–HNT) composite films were prepared by incorporating different weight percentages (10, 30, 50, and 70% by wt) of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) into natural rubber (NR). These films were then characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and used in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze the distribution of HNT on NR. At lower weight percentages, the HNT displayed excellent dispersion in NR–HNT films. At higher weight percentages of HNT, the abundant availability of HNT caused aggregation. MB adsorption studies showed that one 10% (by wt) NR–HNT film with 16 mg·L⁻¹ MB at pH 9.7 and at 39 °C displays the best adsorption. The experimental data successfully fitted type 1 pseudo-second-order. The NR and 50% (by wt) NR–HNT best fit Temkin isotherm while 10% (by wt) NR–HNT fits Langmuir isotherm. Finally, the 10% (by wt) NR–HNT can be reused up to 5 cycles and is able to both adsorb and desorb MB in comparison to HNT alone which is only able to adsorb the dye.

Graphical abstract

在天然橡胶中加入不同重量百分比（10%、30%、50%和70%）的高岭土纳米管，制备了一系列天然橡胶-高岭土纳米管（NR - HNT）复合薄膜。利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）和x射线衍射（XRD）对膜进行了表征，并将其用于亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附。扫描电镜（SEM）分析了HNT在NR上的分布。在较低的质量百分比下，HNT在NR - HNT薄膜中表现出良好的分散性。在HNT的较高权重百分比下，HNT的大量可用性引起聚集。对MB的吸附研究表明，在pH 9.7、39℃条件下，10% (by wt) NR-HNT膜吸附16mg·L−1 MB的效果最好。实验数据成功地拟合了1型伪二阶。NR和50%（重量）NR - hnt最适合Temkin等温线，而10%（重量）NR - hnt最适合Langmuir等温线。最后，10% (wt) NR-HNT可以重复使用5次，与仅能吸附染料的HNT相比，它既能吸附MB又能解吸MB。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the nanostructure-thermal properties correlation in functionally gradient aerogels synthesized via a monolithic and controllable method 单片可控合成功能梯度气凝胶纳米结构-热性能相关性研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01510-1

Mozhgan Chaichi, Ahmad Reza Bahramian

This research work introduces a method for fabricating functionally graded (FG) phenolic aerogels with enhanced thermal insulation properties using a thermal gradient device. The approach involved a continuous, one-step sol–gel polymerization process, enabling precise control over monolithic structures of the aerogels. By adjusting the processing device speed (i.e., 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm/min), FG aerogels were synthesized with varying structures and properties. Physical characteristics such as porosity, density, and structure were evaluated along the length of the samples. Analysis revealed gradual changes in density and porosity, as evidenced by FESEM and mercury porosimetry results. The aerogel samples exhibited gradients in thermal conductivity (k) and thermal diffusivity (α) along their length, attributed to variations in pore size and density. Thermal imaging was used to assess the performance of both homogeneous and FG aerogel samples synthesized under identical conditions. Thermal performance tests indicated that the FG aerogels, when heated, displayed a thermal gradient, with the upper layers heating more rapidly due to their higher values of k and α paremeters. This behavior was attributed to the larger colloid particles and pores in the upper layers, resulting from the concentration gradient. Specifically, the upper layers have a reduced concentration compared to the lower layers, which had an increased concentration relative to the initial solution. In contrast, the homogeneous aerogels demonstrated uniform heating along their entire length. Notably, thermal conductivity coefficients at the two ends of a FG aerogel sample differed significantly, with a nearly sixfold increase from 0.03 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at the 0 mm point to 0.23 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at the 80 mm point.

Graphical abstract

本研究介绍了一种利用热梯度装置制备具有增强隔热性能的功能梯度酚醛气凝胶的方法。该方法包括一个连续的一步溶胶-凝胶聚合过程，可以精确控制气凝胶的整体结构。通过调节加工装置速度（即1、1.5、2和2.5 mm/min），可以合成具有不同结构和性能的FG气凝胶。物理特性，如孔隙率，密度和结构沿着样品的长度进行评估。FESEM和汞孔隙度分析结果表明，密度和孔隙度是逐渐变化的。气凝胶样品的热导率(k)和热扩散率（α）沿其长度呈梯度变化，这归因于孔径和密度的变化。热成像技术用于评价在相同条件下合成的均相气凝胶和FG气凝胶样品的性能。热性能测试表明，FG气凝胶在加热时呈现热梯度，由于k和α参数值较高，上层升温更快。这种行为是由于浓度梯度导致上层的胶体颗粒和孔隙较大。具体地说，上层的浓度比下层的浓度低，下层的浓度相对于初始溶液增加。相比之下，均匀气凝胶在其整个长度上表现出均匀的加热。值得注意的是，FG气凝胶样品两端的导热系数差异很大，从0毫米处的0.03 W·m（⁻·K）发展到80毫米处的0.23 W·m（⁻·K），增加了近6倍。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Snail shell powder-filled polylactic acid composites: filler content and mechanical properties 螺壳粉填充聚乳酸复合材料：填料含量及力学性能

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01512-z

Kollapuri Thamilarasan, Muthusamy Kamaraj

This work aims to investigate the performance of composites based on polylactic acid reinforced with snail shell particles using 3D printing technology. Snail shells were transformed into micron size particles by following three steps: shell segregation, oven drying, and ball milling. Snail shell powders were combined with polylactic acid in varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (by weight). A custom-built filament extruder created the composite filaments suited for fused deposition modeling. The composite samples were then manufactured using 3D printing technology. The impact of adding snail shell powders on the composites’ mechanical and morphological characteristics was investigated. Mechanical tests were performed on the produced composites to measure the tensile, flexural, and compressive strength. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the composites’ morphological characteristics. The tensile and compressive strength of the composites increased by 10.6% and 11.1%, respectively, when the weight percentage of snail shell powders was increased to 15 wt%, according to the results. The mechanical performance of the composites indicates that snail shell powders could be an excellent reinforcing material. Morphological investigation revealed that the snail shell powders were distributed uniformly in polylactic acid on increasing its content to 15 wt% and then agglomerated at 20 wt%.

Graphical abstract

本研究旨在利用3D打印技术研究蜗牛壳颗粒增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能。通过壳分离、烘箱干燥和球磨三个步骤，将螺壳转化为微米级颗粒。螺壳粉与不同浓度的聚乳酸混合，浓度分别为5%、10%、15%和20%（重量计）。定制的长丝挤出机创建了适合熔融沉积建模的复合长丝。然后使用3D打印技术制造复合样品。考察了螺壳粉的加入对复合材料力学性能和形态性能的影响。对所制备的复合材料进行了力学测试，以测量其拉伸、弯曲和抗压强度。采用扫描电镜对复合材料的形貌特征进行了观察。结果表明，当螺壳粉的重量百分比增加到15%时，复合材料的抗拉强度和抗压强度分别提高了10.6%和11.1%。复合材料的力学性能表明，螺壳粉是一种优良的增强材料。形态学研究表明，当聚乳酸含量增加到15%时，螺壳粉在聚乳酸中分布均匀，当聚乳酸含量增加到20%时，螺壳粉团聚。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

A new stable aliphatic tertiary poly(amic acid) and its application in mechano-Knoevenagel condensation: synthesis and characterization 一种新的稳定脂肪族叔聚胺酸及其在机械- knoevenagel缩合中的应用：合成与表征

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01500-3

Rita Sharmila Dewi, Nader Ghaffari Khaligh

A new tertiary aliphatic poly(amic acid), having linear and cyclic spacers, was fabricated through the catalyst-free process. The ring opening of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride by piperazine, a bifunctional cyclic secondary diamine, was conducted in a polar solvent in a nitrogen atmosphere. Piperazine was chosen to prevent the subsequent imidization of as-obtained poly(amic acid) and conserve the carboxyl and amide functional groups. The characterization was conducted using FTIR and NMR, and their morphology and elemental composition were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray. The white powder of as-synthesized poly(amic acid) showed an O/N ratio of 0.93 ± 0.03 and morphology of woven fiber. The white powder showed an average molecular weight (M̅_w) of ∼ 12,000 and a polydispersity index of 1.52 ± 0.05. Thermal degradation and phase transitions of new poly(amic acid) were studied using TGA/DTG and DSC. Then as-prepared poly(amic acid) was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for Knovenagel condensation of various (hetero)aryl aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate, which is a less-active methylene acid compared with malononitrile. The reactions were carried out under green conditions, i.e., at room temperature using a ball mill under solvent-free conditions, and the pure Knoevenagel products were obtained in 88–96% yield after 20–60 min of milling time.

Graphical abstract

采用无催化剂法制备了一种具有线性和环状间隔的叔脂肪族聚酰胺。研究了双官能团环二胺哌嗪在极性溶剂中，在氮气气氛下开环乙二胺四乙酸二酐。选择哌嗪是为了防止随后得到的聚胺酸的亚酰化，并保留羧基和酰胺官能团。利用FTIR和NMR对其进行了表征，并利用场发射扫描电镜和能量色散x射线对其形貌和元素组成进行了研究。合成的聚酰胺酸白色粉末的O/N比为0.93±0.03，具有织物纤维形态。白色粉末的平均分子量（M′w）为~ 12,000，多分散性指数为1.52±0.05。采用TGA/DTG和DSC对新型聚酰胺酸的热降解和相变进行了研究。然后用制备的聚胺酸作为多相催化剂，与活性较低的亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯进行了各种（杂）芳醛的Knovenagel缩合反应。该反应在绿色条件下进行，即在无溶剂条件下，在室温下使用球磨机进行，经过20-60 min的研磨时间，获得了纯度为88-96%的Knoevenagel产品。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Toughening polylactic acid with polypropylene carbonate and epoxy chain extenders 用碳酸丙烯酯和环氧扩链剂增韧聚乳酸

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01509-8

Zihan Zhao, Hongxing Wang, Lingyu Meng, Chunfeng Li, Lei Le, Mingli Liu, Zhihao Zhang

To enhance the toughness of polylactic acid (PLA), poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) was utilized to toughen it, and the effects of PPC dosage, type of chain extender, and dosage on the PLA/PPC blends were investigated. The results showed that the impact toughness of PLA/PPC blends was improved with the increase of PPC dosage, and the impact strength was improved by approximately 6.5 times compared with PLA when the PPC dosage was 40%. The addition of PPC decreased the apparent density and thermal stability of the PLA/PPC composite but improved the water contact angle and water absorption rate. The SEM analysis showed that the compatibility between PLA and PPC is not good and there are many holes between the interfaces. Three types of epoxy-based chain extenders were added, which could significantly improve the mechanical properties of PLA/PPC composites, with X-U993 at a lower dosage achieving the greatest improvement, while the pores in the surface morphology disappeared, which improved the interfacial compatibility. The FTIR analysis showed that the PLA and PPC were physically blended. TGA and DSC analyses showed that the addition of PPC decreased the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC blends, and after the addition of the chain extender, the thermal stability of the blends improved.

Graphical abstract

为了提高聚乳酸（PLA）的韧性，采用碳酸丙烯酯（PPC）对其进行增韧，研究了PPC用量、扩链剂种类和用量对PLA/PPC共混体系的影响。结果表明，随着PPC掺量的增加，PLA/PPC共混物的冲击韧性得到改善，当PPC掺量为40%时，其冲击强度比PLA提高了约6.5倍。PPC的加入降低了PLA/PPC复合材料的表观密度和热稳定性，但提高了材料的水接触角和吸水率。SEM分析表明，PLA与PPC的相容性较差，界面之间存在许多孔洞。添加三种环氧基扩链剂均能显著改善PLA/PPC复合材料的力学性能，其中X-U993用量较低时改善效果最大，同时表面形貌上的孔隙消失，界面相容性得到改善。FTIR分析表明PLA和PPC是物理混合的。TGA和DSC分析表明，PPC的加入降低了PLA/PPC共混物的热稳定性，而扩链剂的加入提高了共混物的热稳定性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

A preliminary study on the use of microalgae biomass as a polyolefin stabilizer 微藻生物质用作聚烯烃稳定剂的初步研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01504-z

Sara Díaz, Francisco Romero, Luis Suárez, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, Zaida Ortega

Stabilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the durability of polymers, and recent interest in sustainable materials has accelerated the exploration of natural antioxidants as alternatives to traditional synthetic stabilizers. While antioxidants isolated from natural sources have already been integrated into polymers, the direct introduction of antioxidant-rich biomasses, like microalgae, offers a promising yet less explored approach. This study evaluates the effectiveness of microalgae biomass as a polyethylene (PE) stabilizer, using spirulina (washed and unwashed) and Tetraselmis striata. Antioxidant content was assessed through various extraction agents, revealing that water extracts of spirulina contained the highest polyphenol content (940.35 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity. These biomasses were then integrated into a PE matrix at different loadings (0–30%) and processed by compression molding, while Tetraselmis was also processed by rotomolding. Washed spirulina significantly enhanced thermo-oxidative stability in PE, with a 30% loading yielding a 197% increase in oxidation induction time (OIT). Tetraselmis also proved to be effective, extending OIT from 0.6 to 44.7 min in compression-molded PE at the highest load. However, Tetraselmis did not yield similar results in rotomolding, where no notable OIT improvement was observed. Comparatively, unwashed spirulina provided moderate stability enhancements, though less effective than the washed biomass. This study suggests that microalgae, particularly washed spirulina, are viable eco-friendly stabilizers for PE, opening pathways for more sustainable polymer development.

A novel amino acid-based hydrogel formed by the self-assembly of Fmoc-L leucine and Fmoc-L lysine , which consisted of twisted nanobelts, displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

稳定剂在提高聚合物的耐久性方面起着至关重要的作用，最近对可持续材料的兴趣加速了天然抗氧化剂作为传统合成稳定剂替代品的探索。虽然从天然来源分离的抗氧化剂已经被整合到聚合物中，但直接引入富含抗氧化剂的生物质，如微藻，提供了一种有前途但尚未被探索的方法。本研究评估了微藻生物量作为聚乙烯（PE）稳定剂的有效性，使用螺旋藻（洗涤和未洗涤）和条纹四鳃藻。结果表明，螺旋藻水提液中多酚含量最高（940.35 mg/100 g），抗氧化活性最高。然后将这些生物质以不同的负荷（0-30%）整合到PE基质中，并通过压缩成型处理，而Tetraselmis也通过旋转成型处理。洗涤后的螺旋藻显著提高了PE的热氧化稳定性，30%的负载使氧化诱导时间（OIT）增加了197%。Tetraselmis也被证明是有效的，在最高负载下，将压缩成型PE的OIT从0.6分钟延长到44.7分钟。然而，Tetraselmis在滚塑中没有产生类似的结果，在那里没有观察到明显的OIT改善。相比之下，未洗涤的螺旋藻提供了适度的稳定性增强，但效果不如洗涤后的生物质。该研究表明，微藻，特别是水洗螺旋藻，是可行的环保PE稳定剂，为更可持续的聚合物开发开辟了道路。由Fmoc-L亮氨酸和Fmoc-L赖氨酸自组装形成的新型氨基酸基水凝胶，由扭曲的纳米带组成，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有抗菌活性。

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引用次数: 0

Responsive microneedles from phenylborate-functionalized sulfhydryl chitosan for insulin delivery 苯硼酸功能化巯基壳聚糖反应性微针的胰岛素递送

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01506-x

Beibei Huang, Weijun Liu, Tao Zhang, Tingxuan Wu, Yigui Li, Wei Wang

Diabetes is a chronic disease that seriously threatens human life, health, and safety. Since the advent of insulin, insulin delivery systems have been developed to treat diabetes, or improve the quality of life for diabetic patients, including hydrogels, polymer micelles and microneedles, etc. Herein, a novel functional polymer with multi-level response to glucose, pH, and H₂O₂ was designed and made through sulfhydryl click reaction, in which the modified chitosan was used as cross-linked monomer, (5-methyl-2-(4-(acryloyloxy-methyl phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxabor-5-yl) methyl acrylate (APBEM) as crosslinking agent fabricated in advance, and the 33.2% crosslinking ratio of APBEM and the microstructure of the synthetic polymer were confirmed by relevant physicochemical characterizations. For the multi-level responsiveness of the constructed microneedles (MNs) from the obtained polymer, the sensitive release in 0.5 mM solution of H₂O₂ could be equivalent to the optimal release for the pH sensitivity, signifying a better consuming property of H₂O₂ to lower its side effects, and the insulin release was raised to 66.3% from 12.1% in the same 10 mM solution of glucose by loading of glucose oxidase (GOx), due to the combined action of pH and H₂O₂ dual sensitivity, revealing a remarkable self-regulation release feature. The cytotoxicity assay displayed a suitable biocompatibility of the microneedles, suggesting the gained polymer could become an ideal candidate of responsive delivery system.

Graphical abstract

糖尿病是严重威胁人类生命、健康和安全的慢性疾病。自胰岛素问世以来，胰岛素输送系统已被开发用于治疗糖尿病，或改善糖尿病患者的生活质量，包括水凝胶、聚合物胶束和微针等。本文以改性壳聚糖为交联单体，预先制备了（5-甲基-2-（4-丙烯氧基-甲基苯基）-1,3,2-二氧硼酸乙酯-5-基）丙烯酸甲酯（APBEM）为交联剂，通过相关理化表征证实了APBEM交联率为33.2%，并对合成聚合物的微观结构进行了表征。多级响应的微构造(MNs)获得的聚合物,0.5毫米的敏感释放过氧化氢溶液可以等效的最佳释放pH敏感性,标志着一个更好的过氧化氢的消费属性降低其副作用,和胰岛素释放在同一10毫米从66.3%提高到12.1%葡萄糖溶液通过加载的葡萄糖氧化酶(气态氧),由于pH值和过氧化氢双重敏感性的联合行动,表现出显著的自我调节释放特征。细胞毒性实验结果表明，微针具有良好的生物相容性，表明所制备的聚合物可以成为一种理想的响应递送系统。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Influence of grafted natural rubber on electrical, mechanical and thermo–mechanical properties of natural rubber/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites using glutaraldehyde as a curing agent 接枝天然橡胶对以戊二醛为固化剂的天然橡胶/碳纳米管复合材料电学、力学和热机械性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-025-01501-2

Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, Rawiporn Promsung, Frank Clemens, Yeampon Nakaramontri, Jobish Johns, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee

The primary objective of this study is to augment the electrical, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical characteristics of natural rubber (NR) film through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and functionalization of NR molecules, coupled with the curing of NR latex using a glutaraldehyde system. The synthesis of NR grafted methyl methacrylate (NR–g–PMMA) was initially achieved and confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. (¹H–NMR) and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) analyses, which demonstrated successful grafting with a grafting efficiency of 90.75%. Subsequently, the properties of ungrafted NR and grafted NR, both with and without CNTs, were compared and examined. The results revealed that the grafted NR/CNTs composites exhibited markedly enhanced electrical properties, mechanical strength and thermal stability in comparison to ungrafted NR/CNTs. This enhancement can be attributed to the establishment of chemical linkages between NR–g–PMMA and CNTs, physical interactions with CNT surfaces and the crosslinking of rubber chains with glutaraldehyde. Consequently, this investigation introduces a novel finding: the introduction of functional groups on grafted NR facilitates the formation of a crosslinking network, thereby improving both mechanical and electrical properties. Furthermore, this study highlights the advantages of producing flexible conductive materials with high modulus and increased electrical properties.

Graphical abstract

本研究的主要目的是通过碳纳米管（CNTs）的掺入和NR分子的功能化，再加上使用戊二醛体系固化NR乳胶，来增强天然橡胶（NR）薄膜的电学、机械和热机械特性。初步实现了NR接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯（NR - g - pmma）的合成，并通过质子核磁共振进行了验证。（1H-NMR）和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）分析表明，接枝效率为90.75%。随后，对未接枝NR和接枝NR的性能进行了比较和检测，无论是否添加了CNTs。结果表明，与未接枝的NR/CNTs相比，接枝的NR/CNTs复合材料的电学性能、机械强度和热稳定性显著提高。这种增强可归因于NR-g-PMMA与碳纳米管之间的化学连接、与碳纳米管表面的物理相互作用以及橡胶链与戊二醛的交联。因此，本研究引入了一个新的发现：在接枝NR上引入官能团有助于形成交联网络，从而改善机械和电气性能。此外，本研究强调了生产具有高模量和提高电性能的柔性导电材料的优势。图形抽象

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