Hybrid nanocomposites have been synthesized utilizing epoxy (E) and varying weight percentages of carbon nanotube (CNT), exfoliated graphite (EG), boron nitride (BN), and graphene (GR) as fillers. The incorporation of these nanofillers into the epoxy matrix led to significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix polymer. Two specific nanocomposite formulations were optimized, one comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.3% (by weight) BN (E/CNT1/BN2), and the other comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.5% (by weight) EG (E/CNT1/EG3). These formulations demonstrated optimized mechanical properties like impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength with values of 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m2, 50.35 ± 4 MPa, 0.201 W/(mK), and 97.57 ± 3 MPa in case of E/CNT1/EG3, and 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m2, 54.59 ± 5 MPa, 0.224 W/(mK), and 116.37 ± 6 MPa for E/CNT1/BN2 nanocomposite. The incorporation of fillers also resulted in notable enhancements in thermal properties, as evidenced from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, flame properties of the optimized composite were investigated through cone calorimetry tests while the corresponding char residue was analyzed by employing SEM.
{"title":"An optimized hybrid graphite/boron nitride polymer nanocomposite: enhancement in characteristic properties","authors":"Debamita Mohanty, Smita Mohanty, Debmalya Roy, Sakti Ranjan Acharya, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01361-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01361-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid nanocomposites have been synthesized utilizing epoxy (E) and varying weight percentages of carbon nanotube (CNT), exfoliated graphite (EG), boron nitride (BN), and graphene (GR) as fillers. The incorporation of these nanofillers into the epoxy matrix led to significant enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix polymer. Two specific nanocomposite formulations were optimized, one comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.3% (by weight) BN (E/CNT<sub>1</sub>/BN<sub>2</sub>), and the other comprising 0.2% (by weight) CNT and 0.5% (by weight) EG (E/CNT<sub>1</sub>/EG<sub>3</sub>). These formulations demonstrated optimized mechanical properties like impact strength, tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength with values of 31.46 ± 4 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, 50.35 ± 4 MPa, 0.201 W/(mK), and 97.57 ± 3 MPa in case of E/CNT<sub>1</sub>/EG<sub>3</sub>, and 37.19 ± 3 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, 54.59 ± 5 MPa, 0.224 W/(mK), and 116.37 ± 6 MPa for E/CNT<sub>1</sub>/BN<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite. The incorporation of fillers also resulted in notable enhancements in thermal properties, as evidenced from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, flame properties of the optimized composite were investigated through cone calorimetry tests while the corresponding char residue was analyzed by employing SEM.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01347-0
Fatemeh Zamani, Mohammad Amani-Tehran
Due to the importance of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering to regenerate and repair nerve injuries, the main purpose of this study is to present an optimized physical structure of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffold as a biodegradable polymer that can increase nerve cells’ growth and proliferation. The effect of each scaffold property on the proliferation of the cells is assessed by estimating and modeling the rate of cell proliferation based on the scaffold’s structural characteristics, and the cell growth behavior is analyzed considering the changes in physical properties. Also, a statistical model is presented to estimate and optimize the number of proliferated cells by simultaneously considering the most effective electrospinning parameters related to the scaffold’s physical structure, utilizing the response surface methodology. The obtained results introduce the scaffold and fiber’s porosity as the most important scaffold property on cell growth enhancement. The optimal amounts of initial properties are 3% (w/v) and 2.5 m/s for solution concentration, and the collector linear velocity, respectively, based on the designed model, as well as the amount of the optimum estimated results is 1.359, which did not have a significant difference with the experimental results of these points. The scaffold suggested by the model had proper fiber alignment and diameter, providing the most optimal structure, adhesion, and cell proliferation in the desired direction by generating optimum porosity and hydrophilicity.
{"title":"Estimation and optimization of nerve cells’ proliferation on electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds","authors":"Fatemeh Zamani, Mohammad Amani-Tehran","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01347-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01347-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the importance of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering to regenerate and repair nerve injuries, the main purpose of this study is to present an optimized physical structure of poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffold as a biodegradable polymer that can increase nerve cells’ growth and proliferation. The effect of each scaffold property on the proliferation of the cells is assessed by estimating and modeling the rate of cell proliferation based on the scaffold’s structural characteristics, and the cell growth behavior is analyzed considering the changes in physical properties. Also, a statistical model is presented to estimate and optimize the number of proliferated cells by simultaneously considering the most effective electrospinning parameters related to the scaffold’s physical structure, utilizing the response surface methodology. The obtained results introduce the scaffold and fiber’s porosity as the most important scaffold property on cell growth enhancement. The optimal amounts of initial properties are 3% (w/v) and 2.5 m/s for solution concentration, and the collector linear velocity, respectively, based on the designed model, as well as the amount of the optimum estimated results is 1.359, which did not have a significant difference with the experimental results of these points. The scaffold suggested by the model had proper fiber alignment and diameter, providing the most optimal structure, adhesion, and cell proliferation in the desired direction by generating optimum porosity and hydrophilicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01362-1
Nasrollah Majidian, Mahyar Saleh, Mohammad Samipourgiri
The present study investigates the kinetics of polystyrene catalytic pyrolysis using the response surface method. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used polymers that decomposes slowly in the environment. Two models (nth-order reaction and first-order reaction) have been employed to examine the catalytic pyrolysis process. One-liter hydrothermal reactor is filled with 100 g of polystyrene granules that have an estimated diameter of 1 mm and an Iranian natural zeolite catalyst. 100 mL of n-hexane and the catalyst are added to the reactor for improved mixing and to stop the catalyst particles from escaping. Then, the reactor is sealed and when the polymer melts down, nitrogen gas is injected with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. Three variables of time (30–120 min), temperature (100–300 °C), and the amount of catalyst (2, 4, 6 g) were selected as independent variables. For statistical analysis, the second-order model (response surface methodology) was used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results have shown that temperature and time have a significant effect on pyrolysis efficiency and the Group Method of Data Handling neural network was used to investigate the effect of parameters such as time, temperature, amount of catalyst, polystyrene amount, and pyrolysis mass volume. The findings illustrated that temperature has the greatest effect on the pyrolysis product and the results of kinetic investigation have shown that the nth-order reaction is more suitable for the kinetic justification of all experimental data because the degree of compatibility between experimental data and modeling results is higher than the first-order reaction.
{"title":"Kinetics study of catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene polymer using response surface method","authors":"Nasrollah Majidian, Mahyar Saleh, Mohammad Samipourgiri","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01362-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01362-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study investigates the kinetics of polystyrene catalytic pyrolysis using the response surface method. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used polymers that decomposes slowly in the environment. Two models (nth-order reaction and first-order reaction) have been employed to examine the catalytic pyrolysis process. One-liter hydrothermal reactor is filled with 100 g of polystyrene granules that have an estimated diameter of 1 mm and an Iranian natural zeolite catalyst. 100 mL of <i>n</i>-hexane and the catalyst are added to the reactor for improved mixing and to stop the catalyst particles from escaping. Then, the reactor is sealed and when the polymer melts down, nitrogen gas is injected with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. Three variables of time (30–120 min), temperature (100–300 °C), and the amount of catalyst (2, 4, 6 g) were selected as independent variables. For statistical analysis, the second-order model (response surface methodology) was used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results have shown that temperature and time have a significant effect on pyrolysis efficiency and the Group Method of Data Handling neural network was used to investigate the effect of parameters such as time, temperature, amount of catalyst, polystyrene amount, and pyrolysis mass volume. The findings illustrated that temperature has the greatest effect on the pyrolysis product and the results of kinetic investigation have shown that the nth-order reaction is more suitable for the kinetic justification of all experimental data because the degree of compatibility between experimental data and modeling results is higher than the first-order reaction.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the exploration of zinc lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–La-LDHs) and zinc aluminum lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–Al–La-LDHs) as potential thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The investigation aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of the above rare-earth (RE) LDHs in combination with dibenzoylmethane (β-diketone), pentaerythritol (PE), and other commonly employed heat stabilizers on PVC’s crucial properties, including thermal stability, plasticization, and mechanical strength. The experimental findings demonstrated notable enhancements in PVC’s thermal stability upon incorporation of RE-LDHs, β-diketone, and PE. This enhancement is attributed to the ability of RE-LDHs to effectively hinder degradation reactions within the PVC matrix, thereby increasing its degradation activation energy and overall stability. Moreover, the integration of RE-LDHs contributes significantly to improving PVC’s plasticization and mechanical properties, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of applications. While both Zn–La-LDHs and Zn–Al–La-LDHs exhibited good thermal stability, Zn–La-LDHs demonstrated slightly inferior performance compared to Zn–Al–La-LDHs. This distinction underscores the importance of considering the specific characteristics of each LDHs compound when formulating PVC stabilizer systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of RE-LDHs as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional PVC stabilizers, offering opportunities to develop sustainable stabilizer formulations that address environmental concerns associated with conventional stabilizers. In conclusion, the synthesis and application of RE-LDHs represent a significant advancement in PVC stabilization technology, providing a viable and environmentally conscious approach to enhancing the performance and longevity of PVC-based materials.
{"title":"Preparation of rare-earth LDHs stabilizers and their effects on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)","authors":"Peijie Jia, Jinsheng Duan, Zhaogang Liu, Yilin Li, Guifang Du, Yanhong Hu, Jinxiu Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01363-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01363-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study delves into the exploration of zinc lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–La-LDHs) and zinc aluminum lanthanum layered double hydroxides (Zn–Al–La-LDHs) as potential thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The investigation aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of the above rare-earth (RE) LDHs in combination with dibenzoylmethane (β-diketone), pentaerythritol (PE), and other commonly employed heat stabilizers on PVC’s crucial properties, including thermal stability, plasticization, and mechanical strength. The experimental findings demonstrated notable enhancements in PVC’s thermal stability upon incorporation of RE-LDHs, β-diketone, and PE. This enhancement is attributed to the ability of RE-LDHs to effectively hinder degradation reactions within the PVC matrix, thereby increasing its degradation activation energy and overall stability. Moreover, the integration of RE-LDHs contributes significantly to improving PVC’s plasticization and mechanical properties, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of applications. While both Zn–La-LDHs and Zn–Al–La-LDHs exhibited good thermal stability, Zn–La-LDHs demonstrated slightly inferior performance compared to Zn–Al–La-LDHs. This distinction underscores the importance of considering the specific characteristics of each LDHs compound when formulating PVC stabilizer systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of RE-LDHs as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional PVC stabilizers, offering opportunities to develop sustainable stabilizer formulations that address environmental concerns associated with conventional stabilizers. In conclusion, the synthesis and application of RE-LDHs represent a significant advancement in PVC stabilization technology, providing a viable and environmentally conscious approach to enhancing the performance and longevity of PVC-based materials.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4
Stanley Olivier Kanemoto, Pierre Christelle Mvondo Onana, Arnaud Maxime Yona Cheumani, Maurice Kor Ndikontar, Madurai Suguna Lakshmi
Flame-retardant and flexibility-enhanced phosphorus-polyurethane foams (P-PUF)s were prepared from phosphorus–hydroxyl precursors and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polyols. In the first step, three different precursors, such as tris-(5-hydroxypentyl) phosphate (P-Pen-OHs), tris-(4-hydroxybutyl) phosphate (P-But-OHs), and tris-(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphate (P-Pro-OHs) were synthesized and used as flame retardants. In the second step, the precursors were made to react with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to modify the flexibility and flame retardancy properties of the P-PUF product. The P-PUFs were obtained by a one-shot process system and then analyzed for their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive strength properties. Among all P-PUF samples, P-But-PUF showed the best compressive properties with a Young’s modulus value of 0.167 MPa. The compressive properties of P-PUF are found to be proportional to their relative density. These results show that the chemical structure of the phosphorus–hydroxyl precursor had a slight effect on the compressive properties as well as the porosity of the final materials. All the foams had Tg values in the range of 58–70 ℃ and their thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere started around 100 ℃. From the limiting oxygen index test, P-PUF samples are considered marginally stable materials with a slow-burning behavior that confirms the efficiency of reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants.
{"title":"Thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams obtained from reactive phosphorus-containing polyols dispersed in polyethylene glycol","authors":"Stanley Olivier Kanemoto, Pierre Christelle Mvondo Onana, Arnaud Maxime Yona Cheumani, Maurice Kor Ndikontar, Madurai Suguna Lakshmi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01351-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flame-retardant and flexibility-enhanced phosphorus-polyurethane foams (P-PUF)s were prepared from phosphorus–hydroxyl precursors and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as polyols. In the first step, three different precursors, such as tris-(5-hydroxypentyl) phosphate (P-Pen-OHs), tris-(4-hydroxybutyl) phosphate (P-But-OHs), and tris-(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphate (P-Pro-OHs) were synthesized and used as flame retardants. In the second step, the precursors were made to react with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to modify the flexibility and flame retardancy properties of the P-PUF product. The P-PUFs were obtained by a one-shot process system and then analyzed for their thermal stability, flame retardancy, and compressive strength properties. Among all P-PUF samples, P-But-PUF showed the best compressive properties with a Young’s modulus value of 0.167 MPa. The compressive properties of P-PUF are found to be proportional to their relative density. These results show that the chemical structure of the phosphorus–hydroxyl precursor had a slight effect on the compressive properties as well as the porosity of the final materials. All the foams had T<sub>g</sub> values in the range of 58–70 ℃ and their thermal degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere started around 100 ℃. From the limiting oxygen index test, P-PUF samples are considered marginally stable materials with a slow-burning behavior that confirms the efficiency of reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphic abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01359-w
Mithilesh Kogje, Siddhesh Mestry, Jyoti Darsan Mohanty, S. T. Mhaske
The present work focused on the functionalization of fly ash cenospheres (FACs) by GPTMS for anticorrosive applications. FACs are an industrial waste product from coal industry that possesses valuable properties such as lightweight, low water absorption, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness. Epoxy is one of the best materials for superior corrosion performance and excellent substrate adhesion and therefore was chosen as the base matrix. 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was selected as the suitable silane functionalization agent (with the variation of 2, 4, and 6 wt% of cenospheres due to its compatibility with epoxy resin). GPTMS can help corrosion control by forming dense Si–O–Si networks that act as a protective barrier against water, aggressive ions, etc. FTIR and XRD analyses studied the primary structural confirmation of silane-modified cenosphere, while the morphology was studied by SEM analysis. TGA and DTG curves investigated the thermal properties of the coatings, while EIS studies evaluated the anticorrosive attributes. The EIS results showed that the corrosion rate decreased as the percentage of silane increased in the coating, which indicates the superior anticorrosion behaviour of the 6 GPTMS FAC–epoxy sample compared to others.
{"title":"Modification of fly ash cenospheres by 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) for anticorrosive coating applications","authors":"Mithilesh Kogje, Siddhesh Mestry, Jyoti Darsan Mohanty, S. T. Mhaske","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01359-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01359-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present work focused on the functionalization of fly ash cenospheres (FACs) by GPTMS for anticorrosive applications. FACs are an industrial waste product from coal industry that possesses valuable properties such as lightweight, low water absorption, corrosion resistance, and chemical inertness. Epoxy is one of the best materials for superior corrosion performance and excellent substrate adhesion and therefore was chosen as the base matrix. 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was selected as the suitable silane functionalization agent (with the variation of 2, 4, and 6 wt% of cenospheres due to its compatibility with epoxy resin). GPTMS can help corrosion control by forming dense Si–O–Si networks that act as a protective barrier against water, aggressive ions, etc. FTIR and XRD analyses studied the primary structural confirmation of silane-modified cenosphere, while the morphology was studied by SEM analysis. TGA and DTG curves investigated the thermal properties of the coatings, while EIS studies evaluated the anticorrosive attributes. The EIS results showed that the corrosion rate decreased as the percentage of silane increased in the coating, which indicates the superior anticorrosion behaviour of the 6 GPTMS FAC–epoxy sample compared to others.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pectin-modified hydrogel-copper oxide nanocomposite (PMH@CuO) has been successfully synthesized using free radical polymerization method by incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pectin-modified hydrogel (PMH) network. The target of this work was to examine the usage of PMH@CuO nanocomposite for eliminating methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as well as PMH@CuO nanocomposite have been characterized by several techniques, viz., UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopies, TGA, ΔpHpzc, XRD, and SEM analyses. The percentage removal of MB dye has been found to be 98.41% at pH of 7 during 30 min with dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and dosage of adsorbent 1.2 g/L, at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics has been found to fit perfectly with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data fit appreciably with Langmuir isotherm model, representing monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity (qe) of 132.27 mg/g at 25℃. A thermodynamic analysis revealed that the MB dye adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process and resulted in lowering of entropy. The photocatalytic activity of the PMH@CuO nanocomposite has been found to be quite notable as the degradation of 80.20% of MB dye was observed within 60 min under visible light. Moreover, the synthesized nanocomposite was reusable up to five adsorption and desorption cycles with 86.8% of adsorption and 85.4% of desorption in fifth cycle.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of novel pectin-based copper oxide nanocomposite and its application for removal and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution","authors":"Ravi Kumar, Poorn Prakash Pande, Arbind Chaurasiya, Kajal Kumar Dey, Nandita Kushwaha, Praveen Kumar, Kopal Kashaudhan","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01355-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01355-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pectin-modified hydrogel-copper oxide nanocomposite (PMH@CuO) has been successfully synthesized using free radical polymerization method by incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pectin-modified hydrogel (PMH) network. The target of this work was to examine the usage of PMH@CuO nanocomposite for eliminating methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as well as PMH@CuO nanocomposite have been characterized by several techniques, viz<i>.,</i> UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopies, TGA, <i>ΔpH</i><sub><i>pzc</i></sub>, XRD, and SEM analyses. The percentage removal of MB dye has been found to be 98.41% at pH of 7 during 30 min with dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and dosage of adsorbent 1.2 g/L, at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics has been found to fit perfectly with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data fit appreciably with Langmuir isotherm model, representing monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q</i><sub><i>e</i></sub>) of 132.27 mg/g at 25℃. A thermodynamic analysis revealed that the MB dye adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process and resulted in lowering of entropy. The photocatalytic activity of the PMH@CuO nanocomposite has been found to be quite notable as the degradation of 80.20% of MB dye was observed within 60 min under visible light. Moreover, the synthesized nanocomposite was reusable up to five adsorption and desorption cycles with 86.8% of adsorption and 85.4% of desorption in fifth cycle.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01352-3
Marjan Shahmir, Shervin Ahmadi, Hassan Arabi
The effect of selective localization of aluminum nitride (AlN) on the thermal conductivity of immiscible polyamide 6/polyolefin elastomer (PA6/POE/70/30) was studied. Morphological characterization proved that the neat blend had droplet-matrix morphology, and adding 10% (by wt) AlN to the minor phase resulted in stable co-continuous morphology formation. We have shown that the localization of AlN depends on the interfacial tensions between different blend components. AlN, which was first wetted by POE phase, tended to migrate to the interface due to thermodynamic tendency. AlN was first wetted by the PA6 phase following its dispersion in this phase. The rheological results confirmed the strong peculated structure formed in 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample and better thermal conductivity compared to pure blend. The thermogravimetric measurement revealed that the thermal stability of the composite with a double percolation structure increased by 8 °C compared to the pure sample. DSC analysis results showed that the crystallinity of 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample decreased nearly 25% due to increased interfacial area. The impact strength of 70-30-AO10 reached 8.8 kJ.mm–2, which was about 2 times higher than the pure PA6. The thermal conductivity of PA6/POE composite with 10% (by wt) AlN was enhanced to 3.76 W.(mK)−1, nearly nine times higher than the pure blend. In summary, a stable co-continuous morphology with high thermal conductivity, fairly good mechanical properties, and low percolation threshold were obtained in immiscible (PA6/POE/70/30) blend by controlling the selective localization of 10% (by wt) AlN particles which can be a perspective for designing and producing composites especially in electronic devices.
{"title":"Improved thermal conductivity of immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend by controlling selective localization of aluminum nitride (AlN)","authors":"Marjan Shahmir, Shervin Ahmadi, Hassan Arabi","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01352-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01352-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of selective localization of aluminum nitride (AlN) on the thermal conductivity of immiscible polyamide 6/polyolefin elastomer (PA6/POE/70/30) was studied. Morphological characterization proved that the neat blend had droplet-matrix morphology, and adding 10% (by wt) AlN to the minor phase resulted in stable co-continuous morphology formation. We have shown that the localization of AlN depends on the interfacial tensions between different blend components. AlN, which was first wetted by POE phase, tended to migrate to the interface due to thermodynamic tendency. AlN was first wetted by the PA6 phase following its dispersion in this phase. The rheological results confirmed the strong peculated structure formed in 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample and better thermal conductivity compared to pure blend. The thermogravimetric measurement revealed that the thermal stability of the composite with a double percolation structure increased by 8 °C compared to the pure sample. DSC analysis results showed that the crystallinity of 70/30/10 (PA6/POE/AlN) sample decreased nearly 25% due to increased interfacial area. The impact strength of 70-30-AO<sub>10</sub> reached 8.8 kJ.mm<sup>–2</sup>, which was about 2 times higher than the pure PA6. The thermal conductivity of PA6/POE composite with 10% (by wt) AlN was enhanced to 3.76 W.(mK)<sup>−1</sup>, nearly nine times higher than the pure blend. In summary, a stable co-continuous morphology with high thermal conductivity, fairly good mechanical properties, and low percolation threshold were obtained in immiscible (PA6/POE/70/30) blend by controlling the selective localization of 10% (by wt) AlN particles which can be a perspective for designing and producing composites especially in electronic devices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of present work is to fabricate a polyester composite reinforced with mercerized flax-g-poly(polyvinyl alchol + acrylic acid) copolymer. In addition, a comparative study of mechanical properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was made as a function of reinforcement of matrix with raw flax (rFlax) and mercerized flax (mFlax) in order to be able to use such composites in water resistant wall panelling, cupboards and furniture tops. Polyester resin was derived from waste plastic bottles. Binary vinyl monomer mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic acid (AA) was graft copolymerized onto mFlax and a graft yield of 118.3% was obtained. Grafted mFlax showed higher acid–base, solvent and thermal resistance. Composites prepared were studied for different mechanical parameters like storage modulus, loss modulus and damping. The mFlax-g-poly(PVA + AA) reinforced composite showed higher storage modulus (E’) and exhibited higher Tanδ value which indicated superior damping properties. A higher glass transition temperature was also observed, which was further supported by thermal studies. The novelty of the present work is the approach of waste to wealth, in which chemically modified textile waste and recycled plastic resins were used in the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties obtained through DMA showed that the composite reinforced with chemically modified flax had better storage modulus, loss modulus and damping properties.
{"title":"Mercerized flax-g-poly(polyvinyl alcohol + acrylic acid) reinforced polyester resin derived from waste plastic bottles: dynamic mechanical analysis and chemical-thermal resistance","authors":"Himani Sharma, Susmriti Dolui, Saksham, Divyansh Saini, Raman Bedi, Balbir Singh Kaith","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01356-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01356-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of present work is to fabricate a polyester composite reinforced with mercerized flax-<i>g</i>-poly(polyvinyl alchol + acrylic acid) copolymer. In addition, a comparative study of mechanical properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was made as a function of reinforcement of matrix with raw flax (rFlax) and mercerized flax (mFlax) in order to be able to use such composites in water resistant wall panelling, cupboards and furniture tops. Polyester resin was derived from waste plastic bottles. Binary vinyl monomer mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic acid (AA) was graft copolymerized onto mFlax and a graft yield of 118.3% was obtained. Grafted mFlax showed higher acid–base, solvent and thermal resistance. Composites prepared were studied for different mechanical parameters like storage modulus, loss modulus and damping. The mFlax-<i>g</i>-poly(PVA + AA) reinforced composite showed higher storage modulus (E’) and exhibited higher Tanδ value which indicated superior damping properties. A higher glass transition temperature was also observed, which was further supported by thermal studies. The novelty of the present work is the approach of waste to wealth, in which chemically modified textile waste and recycled plastic resins were used in the preparation of composites. The mechanical properties obtained through DMA showed that the composite reinforced with chemically modified flax had better storage modulus, loss modulus and damping properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y
Unsia Habib, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Zurina Binti Mohamad
This innovative study explores the enhanced compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 11 (RPET/PA-11), particularly when modified with Joncryl®, a compatibilizer. This investigation marks the first venture into the detailed thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Remarkably, the addition of 20% (by weight) PA-11 to RPET significantly boosts tensile strength from 18.5 ± 2.64 to 32.20 ± 4.95 MPa, flexural strength from 27.90 ± 3.17 to 46.75 ± 0.78 MPa, and impact strength from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Furthermore, introducing 2 phr Joncryl® further fortifies these strengths to 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa, 63.12 ± 4.75 MPa, and 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m, respectively. The study revealed a rise in the storage modulus of RPET from 1128 to 1298.5 MPa with 20% (by weight) of PA-11. Compatibility and miscibility assessments through Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validate the blend's uniformity. DSC reveals that the melting temperatures for RPET/PA-11 blends with varying PA-11 concentrations closely match the melting temperature of pure RPET, signifying stable thermal properties. DSC results confirmed that the Tm1 temperature for cold crystallization drops with the addition of Joncryl® content, suggesting improved interaction and miscibility between RPET and PA-11. TGA results disclosed that Joncryl® compatibilizer, especially at 2 phr, boosts the thermal stability of RPET/PA-11 blends by improving miscibility. The 2 phr Joncryl® blend was identified as the most robust in properties. This ground-breaking research highlights the potential of RPET in automotive and future advancements in polymer science.
{"title":"Compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends with and without Joncryl® compatibilizer: a comprehensive study of mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties","authors":"Unsia Habib, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Zurina Binti Mohamad","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This innovative study explores the enhanced compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 11 (RPET/PA-11), particularly when modified with Joncryl<sup>®</sup>, a compatibilizer. This investigation marks the first venture into the detailed thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Remarkably, the addition of 20% (by weight) PA-11 to RPET significantly boosts tensile strength from 18.5 ± 2.64 to 32.20 ± 4.95 MPa, flexural strength from 27.90 ± 3.17 to 46.75 ± 0.78 MPa, and impact strength from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Furthermore, introducing 2 phr Joncryl<sup>®</sup> further fortifies these strengths to 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa, 63.12 ± 4.75 MPa, and 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m, respectively. The study revealed a rise in the storage modulus of RPET from 1128 to 1298.5 MPa with 20% (by weight) of PA-11. Compatibility and miscibility assessments through Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validate the blend's uniformity. DSC reveals that the melting temperatures for RPET/PA-11 blends with varying PA-11 concentrations closely match the melting temperature of pure RPET, signifying stable thermal properties. DSC results confirmed that the T<sub>m1</sub> temperature for cold crystallization drops with the addition of Joncryl<sup>®</sup> content, suggesting improved interaction and miscibility between RPET and PA-11. TGA results disclosed that Joncryl<sup>®</sup> compatibilizer, especially at 2 phr, boosts the thermal stability of RPET/PA-11 blends by improving miscibility. The 2 phr Joncryl<sup>®</sup> blend was identified as the most robust in properties. This ground-breaking research highlights the potential of RPET in automotive and future advancements in polymer science.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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