Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第10页

Ultraviolet aging behavior of polypropylene sacks by outdoor weathering 聚丙烯布袋户外风化紫外线老化行为研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01411-9

Mehmet Hilal Özcanhan, Bengi Kutlu, Hakan Özdemir

Polypropylene (PP) sacks are widely used in outdoor commodities, resulting in wear and tear due to weathering. This work studied the mechanical and chemical performance of typical polypropylene woven sack samples outdoor-weathered for 21 days. Rather than using the general regional information posted by the meteorology authority, two custom-designed, location-specific devices have been developed to measure the exact atmospheric temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) intensity at the experimentation site. The effects of outdoor weathering on unit weight, mean thickness, tensile strength, elongation-at-break in warp and weft directions, bursting strength and height were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The mechanical and chemical performances of original and weathered polypropylene samples were compared. The performance differences were evaluated and compared statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although the samples were weathered for only 21 days, a dramatic drop was observed in their mechanical performances. As a result of photo-oxidation, both the tensile strength along the warp and weft directions and the bursting strength of the weathered samples declined severely (88.3%, 95.6% and 97.8%, respectively). Furthermore, the elongation-at-break in warp and weft directions and height of weathered samples increased sharply (91.5%, 90.4% and 71.5%, respectively). The FTIR, DSC results and SEM images substantiated the observed performance deteriorations.

Graphical abstract

聚丙烯（PP）麻袋广泛应用于户外商品，因风化造成磨损。本文研究了典型聚丙烯编织袋样品在室外风化21 d后的力学和化学性能。与使用气象当局发布的一般区域信息不同，已经开发了两个定制的、特定地点的设备来测量实验地点的确切大气温度、湿度和紫外线强度。采用傅里叶红外（FTIR）光谱分析、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）成像研究了室外风化对织物单位重、平均厚度、抗拉强度、经纬方向断裂伸长率、断裂强度和高度的影响。比较了原始和风化聚丙烯试样的力学性能和化学性能。采用方差分析（ANOVA）对绩效差异进行评价和比较。虽然这些样品只风化了21天，但它们的机械性能却急剧下降。经、纬向拉伸强度和破裂强度均因光氧化作用而显著下降（分别为88.3%、95.6%和97.8%）。经、纬向断裂伸长率和风化样高度均显著升高（分别为91.5%、90.4%和71.5%）。FTIR， DSC结果和SEM图像证实了观察到的性能下降。图形抽象

{"title":"Ultraviolet aging behavior of polypropylene sacks by outdoor weathering","authors":"Mehmet Hilal Özcanhan, Bengi Kutlu, Hakan Özdemir","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01411-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01411-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polypropylene (PP) sacks are widely used in outdoor commodities, resulting in wear and tear due to weathering. This work studied the mechanical and chemical performance of typical polypropylene woven sack samples outdoor-weathered for 21 days. Rather than using the general regional information posted by the meteorology authority, two custom-designed, location-specific devices have been developed to measure the exact atmospheric temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) intensity at the experimentation site. The effects of outdoor weathering on unit weight, mean thickness, tensile strength, elongation-at-break in warp and weft directions, bursting strength and height were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The mechanical and chemical performances of original and weathered polypropylene samples were compared. The performance differences were evaluated and compared statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Although the samples were weathered for only 21 days, a dramatic drop was observed in their mechanical performances. As a result of photo-oxidation, both the tensile strength along the warp and weft directions and the bursting strength of the weathered samples declined severely (88.3%, 95.6% and 97.8%, respectively). Furthermore, the elongation-at-break in warp and weft directions and height of weathered samples increased sharply (91.5%, 90.4% and 71.5%, respectively). The FTIR, DSC results and SEM images substantiated the observed performance deteriorations.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 6","pages":"795 - 805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new granule extrusion-based for 3D printing of POE: studying the effect of printing parameters on mechanical properties with “response surface methodology” 基于颗粒挤出的POE 3D打印新方法：用“响应面法”研究打印参数对力学性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01405-7

Gao Xiangyu, Tianqi Yao, Fanru Gao, Yixue Chen, Xiangzhou Jian, Haowei Ma

Printing elastomers face major challenges due to properties such as high melt strength, high shrinkage rate, and the potential for buckling during printing. This paper introduces the first use of pellet extrusion-based “fused deposition modeling” (FDM) for directly printing polyolefin elastomers (POE). In addition, the impact of critical parameters in this printing process (speed, nozzle temperature, and diameter) was investigated using Box–Behnken design (BBD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that most factors had P values below 0.05, indicating their significant influence on the results. The P values for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and modulus of elasticity model were 0.0118, 0.0001, and 0.007, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated UTS values ranging from 2.76 to 4.88 MPa and elongation values ranging from 1575 to 2788%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of fracture cross-sections showed acceptable quality of printed samples, although the upper layers of the bed exhibited noticeable shrinkage. Increasing the speed and reducing the nozzle temperature can effectively decrease the cooling rate, enhancing adhesion quality and reducing microholes, as long as it does not negatively impact the feeding rate. These findings, which demonstrate the ability to print high-quality elastomeric parts and overcome printing limitations, have the potential to attract more attention and expand the printing of functional elastomers in various fields.

Graphical abstract

由于高熔体强度、高收缩率以及在打印过程中可能发生屈曲等特性，打印弹性体面临着重大挑战。本文介绍了基于颗粒挤出的“熔融沉积建模”（FDM）在直接打印聚烯烃弹性体（POE）中的首次应用。此外，采用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）研究了打印过程中关键参数（速度、喷嘴温度和直径）的影响。方差分析（ANOVA）显示，大多数因素的P值小于0.05，表明它们对结果的影响显著。极限抗拉强度（UTS）、伸长率和弹性模量模型的P值分别为0.0118、0.0001和0.007。实验结果表明，UTS值为2.76 ~ 4.88 MPa，伸长率为1575 ~ 2788%。断裂截面的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）成像显示打印样品的质量可以接受，尽管床层的上层表现出明显的收缩。提高速度，降低喷嘴温度，只要不对进料速度产生负面影响，就能有效降低冷却速度，提高粘接质量，减少微孔。这些发现证明了打印高质量弹性体部件的能力，并克服了打印限制，有可能吸引更多的关注，并在各个领域扩大功能性弹性体的打印。图形抽象

{"title":"A new granule extrusion-based for 3D printing of POE: studying the effect of printing parameters on mechanical properties with “response surface methodology”","authors":"Gao Xiangyu, Tianqi Yao, Fanru Gao, Yixue Chen, Xiangzhou Jian, Haowei Ma","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01405-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01405-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Printing elastomers face major challenges due to properties such as high melt strength, high shrinkage rate, and the potential for buckling during printing. This paper introduces the first use of pellet extrusion-based “fused deposition modeling” (FDM) for directly printing polyolefin elastomers (POE). In addition, the impact of critical parameters in this printing process (speed, nozzle temperature, and diameter) was investigated using Box–Behnken design (BBD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that most factors had <i>P</i> values below 0.05, indicating their significant influence on the results. The <i>P</i> values for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and modulus of elasticity model were 0.0118, 0.0001, and 0.007, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated UTS values ranging from 2.76 to 4.88 MPa and elongation values ranging from 1575 to 2788%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of fracture cross-sections showed acceptable quality of printed samples, although the upper layers of the bed exhibited noticeable shrinkage. Increasing the speed and reducing the nozzle temperature can effectively decrease the cooling rate, enhancing adhesion quality and reducing microholes, as long as it does not negatively impact the feeding rate. These findings, which demonstrate the ability to print high-quality elastomeric parts and overcome printing limitations, have the potential to attract more attention and expand the printing of functional elastomers in various fields.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 5","pages":"739 - 750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polyimide synthesis and characterizations: DFT-assisted computational studies on structural units 聚酰亚胺的合成和表征：结构单元的dft辅助计算研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01414-6

Baris Kartal, Aslihan Aycan Tanriverdi, Umit Yildiko, Ahmet Turan Tekes, Ismail Çakmak

A diamine was obtained from commercial pyridin-4-amine through a two-step synthesis (dinitro to diamine). The final combination of diamine, disulfonic acid, and pyromellitic dianhydride resulted in poly(amic acid)_x (PAA_x), and the original sulfonated polyimide_x (SPI_x) was produced by polycondensation. Various characterizations of dinitro, diamine, and SPI_x were performed, with each material analyzed individually. Quantum chemical calculations of SPI_x, Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, and innovative analyses derived from DFT output data were carefully examined. An important point is that the molecular weight of SPI_x (M_n 28,300 g.mol⁻¹) was calculated using end-group signals obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra (-NH at 2.21 ppm and -NH₂ at 1.15 ppm). Similarly, to gain prior knowledge about the conductivity or insulation properties of the material, the λ_max value (430 nm) and band gap (Δ) (2.88 eV) in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum were calculated and compared with the band gap (Δ) energy values (1.784 eV, 0.988 eV, and 1.719 eV) provided by the theoretical E_HOMO-E_LUMO calculations. Thermal thermograms suggest that the final polymer can exhibit high thermal resistance and perform well as an engineering material. The morphological properties of the polymer were clearly presented through cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, providing qualitative insights into the product’s behavior under environmental stress. All these characterizations and theoretical calculations offer predictions for the future application areas of this newly synthesized polymer. Theoretical data can be used to comment on the hydration properties, proton transfer, electrical properties, and optical properties of the polymer. Our study is actually aimed at this.

Graphical abstract

以商品吡啶-4-胺为原料，经二硝基二胺两步合成制得二胺。二胺、二磺酸和焦二苯二酐最终结合得到聚胺酸x (PAAx)，缩聚制得原始磺化聚酰亚胺（SPIx）。对二硝基、二胺和SPIx进行了各种表征，并对每种材料进行了单独分析。仔细检查了SPIx的量子化学计算，密度泛函理论（DFT）研究以及从DFT输出数据派生的创新分析。重要的一点是，SPIx的分子量（Mn 28,300 g.mol - 1）是通过质子核磁共振（1H NMR）谱（-NH2在2.21 ppm和-NH2在1.15 ppm）得到的端基信号来计算的。同样，为了获得材料的导电性或绝缘性能的先验知识，我们计算了紫外可见（UV-vis）光谱中的λmax值（430 nm）和带隙（Δ）（2.88 eV），并与理论EHOMO-ELUMO计算所得的带隙（Δ）能值（1.784 eV， 0.988 eV和1.719 eV）进行了比较。热热图表明，最终的聚合物可以表现出高的热阻和性能良好的工程材料。通过横断面扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察清楚地呈现了聚合物的形态特性，为产品在环境应力下的行为提供了定性的见解。所有这些表征和理论计算为这种新合成的聚合物的未来应用领域提供了预测。理论数据可用于评价聚合物的水化性能、质子转移、电学性能和光学性能。我们的研究就是针对这个。图形抽象

{"title":"Polyimide synthesis and characterizations: DFT-assisted computational studies on structural units","authors":"Baris Kartal, Aslihan Aycan Tanriverdi, Umit Yildiko, Ahmet Turan Tekes, Ismail Çakmak","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01414-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01414-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A diamine was obtained from commercial pyridin-4-amine through a two-step synthesis (dinitro to diamine). The final combination of diamine, disulfonic acid, and pyromellitic dianhydride resulted in poly(amic acid)<sub>x</sub> (PAA<sub>x</sub>), and the original sulfonated polyimide<sub>x</sub> (SPI<sub>x</sub>) was produced by polycondensation. Various characterizations of dinitro, diamine, and SPI<sub>x</sub> were performed, with each material analyzed individually. Quantum chemical calculations of SPI<sub>x</sub>, Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, and innovative analyses derived from DFT output data were carefully examined. An important point is that the molecular weight of SPI<sub>x</sub> (M<sub>n</sub> 28,300 g.mol<sup>−1</sup>) was calculated using end-group signals obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectra (-NH at 2.21 ppm and -NH<sub>2</sub> at 1.15 ppm). Similarly, to gain prior knowledge about the conductivity or insulation properties of the material, the λ<sub>max</sub> value (430 nm) and band gap (Δ) (2.88 eV) in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum were calculated and compared with the band gap (Δ) energy values (1.784 eV, 0.988 eV, and 1.719 eV) provided by the theoretical E<sub>HOMO</sub>-E<sub>LUMO</sub> calculations. Thermal thermograms suggest that the final polymer can exhibit high thermal resistance and perform well as an engineering material. The morphological properties of the polymer were clearly presented through cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, providing qualitative insights into the product’s behavior under environmental stress. All these characterizations and theoretical calculations offer predictions for the future application areas of this newly synthesized polymer. Theoretical data can be used to comment on the hydration properties, proton transfer, electrical properties, and optical properties of the polymer. Our study is actually aimed at this.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 7","pages":"977 - 999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterisation and density functional theory study of epoxy–microcrystalline cellulose primer coating 环氧微晶纤维素底漆表征及密度泛函理论研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01409-3

Zuliahani Ahmad, Diana Mohamad Kamsani, Ang Lee Sin, Azniwati Abd Aziz, Solhan Yahya, Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari

This work aimed to assess the capability of a newly synthesised primer coating for sustainable metal protection. Green wood pulp cellulose, namely microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was incorporated into epoxy resin to produce a novel primer coating. Different MCC loadings (0–9 wt%) were investigated to identify the optimal formulation for achieving the best barrier performance. The interaction between MCC and epoxy was analysed using density functional theory (DFT) and compared with the experimental results obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to DFT analysis, the geometrically optimised structure of epoxy–MCC exhibited distortion, promoting increased interaction between the epoxy matrix and MCC through hydrogen bonding. This finding was consistent with the FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the composition containing 5 wt% MCC revealed a homogeneous and minimally aggregated structure, with MCC fully integrated into the pores of the epoxy matrix. Epoxy with 5 wt% MCC significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the primer coating, achieving an optimal pencil hardness of 6H. Furthermore, contact angle measurements at 5 wt% MCC obtained the highest values, with an advancing angle of 114.02° and a receding angle of 69.03°. These results were supported by corrosion tests, which revealed that 5 wt% MCC resulted in the lowest coating failure, with minimal pore formation, fewer cracks, and minor detachments. Overall, this work demonstrated the successful utilisation of MCC as a novel reinforcement filler in epoxy primer coating systems, enhancing strategies for maintaining the integrity of the metal.

Graphical abstract

本工作旨在评估一种新合成的用于可持续金属保护的底漆涂层的能力。将绿木浆纤维素即微晶纤维素（MCC）掺入环氧树脂中制备新型底漆。研究了不同的MCC负载（0-9 wt%），以确定获得最佳屏障性能的最佳配方。利用密度泛函理论（DFT）分析了MCC与环氧树脂的相互作用，并与傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）的实验结果进行了比较。DFT分析表明，经几何优化的环氧树脂- MCC结构出现了畸变，促进了环氧基体与MCC之间通过氢键的相互作用。这一发现与FTIR分析一致。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了含有5 wt% MCC的成分，发现MCC完全融入环氧基体的孔隙中，具有均匀和最小聚集的结构。添加5 wt% MCC的环氧树脂显著提高了底漆涂层的机械性能，达到了最佳的铅笔硬度6H。此外，5 wt% MCC时的接触角测量值最高，前进角为114.02°，后退角为69.03°。这些结果得到了腐蚀测试的支持，结果表明，5 wt%的MCC会导致最低的涂层失效，形成最小的孔隙，更少的裂纹和较小的脱落。总的来说，这项工作证明了MCC作为一种新型增强填料在环氧底漆涂层系统中的成功应用，增强了保持金属完整性的策略。图形抽象

{"title":"Characterisation and density functional theory study of epoxy–microcrystalline cellulose primer coating","authors":"Zuliahani Ahmad, Diana Mohamad Kamsani, Ang Lee Sin, Azniwati Abd Aziz, Solhan Yahya, Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01409-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01409-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to assess the capability of a newly synthesised primer coating for sustainable metal protection. Green wood pulp cellulose, namely microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was incorporated into epoxy resin to produce a novel primer coating. Different MCC loadings (0–9 wt%) were investigated to identify the optimal formulation for achieving the best barrier performance. The interaction between MCC and epoxy was analysed using density functional theory (DFT) and compared with the experimental results obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to DFT analysis, the geometrically optimised structure of epoxy–MCC exhibited distortion, promoting increased interaction between the epoxy matrix and MCC through hydrogen bonding. This finding was consistent with the FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the composition containing 5 wt% MCC revealed a homogeneous and minimally aggregated structure, with MCC fully integrated into the pores of the epoxy matrix. Epoxy with 5 wt% MCC significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the primer coating, achieving an optimal pencil hardness of 6H. Furthermore, contact angle measurements at 5 wt% MCC obtained the highest values, with an advancing angle of 114.02° and a receding angle of 69.03°. These results were supported by corrosion tests, which revealed that 5 wt% MCC resulted in the lowest coating failure, with minimal pore formation, fewer cracks, and minor detachments. Overall, this work demonstrated the successful utilisation of MCC as a novel reinforcement filler in epoxy primer coating systems, enhancing strategies for maintaining the integrity of the metal.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 6","pages":"841 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing tribological performance of 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) components through process parameter analysis 通过工艺参数分析，优化3d打印聚乳酸部件的摩擦学性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01412-8

Parijat Srivastava, Vinay Pratap Singh

3D printing, a transformative technology in manufacturing, creates objects layer by layer from digital designs, offering customization and cost-effectiveness across industries. This research endeavours to enhance the tribological performance of 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) specimens by systematically investigating key process parameters, including infill pattern, layer thickness, orientation, and infill density. The specimens were produced utilizing a QIDI 3D Printer, and their tribological properties were evaluated through linear sliding wear tests performed on a Bio-Tribometer, conforming to the ASTM F732 standard. To efficiently optimize the process, a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design plan was chosen for its inherent efficiency, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. Utilizing the results of the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) conformation tests, the optimal process parameters were identified, and thus the tribological performance of the 3D-printed PLA specimens was improved. Analysis revealed that the orientation of the printed objects exerts the most substantial influence on tribological performance, followed by layer thickness, infill pattern and infill density. The confirmation tests substantiate that these optimal process parameters yield a remarkable 64.912% reduction in wear, a 16.667% decrease in the coefficient of friction (CoF), and a notable 6.3% increase in hardness. Furthermore, regression models were developed to analyze and predict wear, CoF and hardness, contributing to a profound understanding of the interplay between process parameters and material performance. The insights derived from this study pave the way for predicting and implementing optimal tribological conditions in the production of 3D-printed products, with significant implications for material wear reduction and enhanced product durability.

Graphical abstract

3D打印是制造业中的一项变革性技术，它可以从数字设计中逐层创建对象，为各行业提供定制和成本效益。本研究旨在通过系统地研究关键工艺参数，包括填充模式、层厚、取向和填充密度，来提高3d打印聚乳酸（PLA）样品的摩擦学性能。使用QIDI 3D打印机制作样品，并通过生物摩擦计进行线性滑动磨损测试来评估其摩擦学性能，符合ASTM F732标准。为了有效地优化工艺，选择了具有固有效率、鲁棒性和成本效益的田口L9正交阵列（Taguchi L9 orthogonal array， OA）实验设计方案。利用方差分析（ANOVA）构象测试的结果，确定了最佳工艺参数，从而提高了3d打印PLA样品的摩擦学性能。分析表明，对材料摩擦学性能影响最大的是打印对象的取向，其次是层厚、填充方式和填充密度。试验结果表明，优化后的工艺参数使合金的磨损降低了64.912%，摩擦系数降低了16.667%，硬度提高了6.3%。此外，还建立了回归模型来分析和预测磨损、CoF和硬度，有助于深入了解工艺参数与材料性能之间的相互作用。从这项研究中获得的见解为预测和实施3d打印产品生产中的最佳摩擦学条件铺平了道路，对减少材料磨损和提高产品耐久性具有重要意义。图形抽象

{"title":"Optimizing tribological performance of 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) components through process parameter analysis","authors":"Parijat Srivastava, Vinay Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>3D printing, a transformative technology in manufacturing, creates objects layer by layer from digital designs, offering customization and cost-effectiveness across industries. This research endeavours to enhance the tribological performance of 3D-printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) specimens by systematically investigating key process parameters, including infill pattern, layer thickness, orientation, and infill density. The specimens were produced utilizing a QIDI 3D Printer, and their tribological properties were evaluated through linear sliding wear tests performed on a Bio-Tribometer, conforming to the ASTM F732 standard. To efficiently optimize the process, a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design plan was chosen for its inherent efficiency, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. Utilizing the results of the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) conformation tests, the optimal process parameters were identified, and thus the tribological performance of the 3D-printed PLA specimens was improved. Analysis revealed that the orientation of the printed objects exerts the most substantial influence on tribological performance, followed by layer thickness, infill pattern and infill density. The confirmation tests substantiate that these optimal process parameters yield a remarkable 64.912% reduction in wear, a 16.667% decrease in the coefficient of friction (CoF), and a notable 6.3% increase in hardness. Furthermore, regression models were developed to analyze and predict wear, CoF and hardness, contributing to a profound understanding of the interplay between process parameters and material performance. The insights derived from this study pave the way for predicting and implementing optimal tribological conditions in the production of 3D-printed products, with significant implications for material wear reduction and enhanced product durability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 6","pages":"883 - 900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, extracted from an aircraft fuel system in marine environment, on the performance of modified polysulfide-sealed rubber 从海洋环境中飞机燃油系统中提取的副酪乳杆菌对改性聚硫密封橡胶性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01408-4

Zhenhua Zhou, Xinru Ge, Xiaodong Zhao, Weijie Fan, Mengfei Shan, Dehe Zhang, Shulin Li, Changlong Zhou, Jie Yang

In aircraft fuel systems, rubber is commonly used to seal and connect components such as pipes and valves. Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) leads to the aging, expansion and deformation of rubber, potentially impacting the sealing and safety of fuel systems. In this study, we focused on isolating a typical microorganism, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), found in an aircraft fuel system in marine environment and our investigation aimed to assess the impact of L. paracasei on the mechanical properties of modified polysulfide-sealed rubber using a series of measurements of tensile strength, hardness and permanent compression. The results indicated that with the increasing immersion time, the tensile strength, hardness and elongation-at-break of rubber all decreased, while the permanent compression deformation rate increased. Upon observing the morphology of the rubber before and after immersion, we discovered pits and precipitated granular substances on the rubber surface within the L. paracasei system. At the same time, through scanning electron microscopy examination of the rubber fracture surface after microbial immersion, distinct smooth regions were identified at the edge, indicating a severe degree of degradation. In addition, the results of the infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that L. paracasei caused damage to the double bond chains of the rubber, resulting in degradation in its performance.

Graphical abstract

在飞机燃油系统中，橡胶通常用于密封和连接管道和阀门等部件。微生物影响腐蚀（MIC）会导致橡胶的老化、膨胀和变形，潜在地影响燃油系统的密封性和安全性。在这项研究中，我们重点分离了海洋环境中飞机燃料系统中的一种典型微生物——副casei乳杆菌（L. paracasei），并通过一系列的拉伸强度、硬度和永久压缩测试来评估副casei乳杆菌对改性聚硫密封橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着浸泡时间的延长，橡胶的抗拉强度、硬度和断裂伸长率均降低，而永久压缩变形率增加；通过对浸泡前后橡胶形貌的观察，我们发现副伞草体系内橡胶表面有凹坑和沉淀的颗粒状物质。同时，通过对微生物浸泡后橡胶断口表面的扫描电镜检查，在边缘处发现明显的光滑区域，表明降解程度严重。此外，红外光谱分析结果显示，副乳杆菌破坏了橡胶的双键链，导致其性能下降。图形抽象

{"title":"Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, extracted from an aircraft fuel system in marine environment, on the performance of modified polysulfide-sealed rubber","authors":"Zhenhua Zhou, Xinru Ge, Xiaodong Zhao, Weijie Fan, Mengfei Shan, Dehe Zhang, Shulin Li, Changlong Zhou, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01408-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01408-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In aircraft fuel systems, rubber is commonly used to seal and connect components such as pipes and valves. Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) leads to the aging, expansion and deformation of rubber, potentially impacting the sealing and safety of fuel systems. In this study, we focused on isolating a typical microorganism, <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei)</i>, found in an aircraft fuel system in marine environment and our investigation aimed to assess the impact of <i>L. paracasei</i> on the mechanical properties of modified polysulfide-sealed rubber using a series of measurements of tensile strength, hardness and permanent compression. The results indicated that with the increasing immersion time, the tensile strength, hardness and elongation-at-break of rubber all decreased, while the permanent compression deformation rate increased. Upon observing the morphology of the rubber before and after immersion, we discovered pits and precipitated granular substances on the rubber surface within the <i>L. paracasei</i> system. At the same time, through scanning electron microscopy examination of the rubber fracture surface after microbial immersion, distinct smooth regions were identified at the edge, indicating a severe degree of degradation. In addition, the results of the infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that <i>L. paracasei</i> caused damage to the double bond chains of the rubber, resulting in degradation in its performance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 6","pages":"783 - 794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modified radiopaque polyetheretherketone implants: in vitro and in vivo study 改良的不透射线聚醚醚酮植入物：体外和体内研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01407-5

Arzu Erol, Baki Hazer, Emrah Keskin, Çağdaş Özdemir, Bengisu Yöney, Emine Derin

The study aims to enhance the radiopacity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in medical imaging by chemically modifying it with 4-iodobenzoic acid derivatives to broaden its biomedical applications. In this regard, a radiopaque derivative of PEEK was prepared with chain modification, which makes it possible to preserve the biocompatibility properties of PEEK and also increase the polymer hydrophilicity and the number of reactive functional groups that can act as potential anchors. Synthesized radioactive polymer characterization was performed by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and X-ray analyzing techniques. The characterized radiopaque PEEK polymer was implanted under the skin and muscle of the rat. The biological response status was evaluated by observing the radiological traceability and tissue reactions of the implants. Characterization studies have confirmed the successful modification of PEEK, resulting in radiopacity without contamination. Radiopaque PEEK derivatives (PEEK–I) demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and nontoxicity, with no inflammation occurring at the surgical site after a 20-day post-implantation observation period. SEM analysis further confirmed cellular adhesion and the compatibility of the biomaterial with biological systems. The newly synthesized PEEK–I polymer, featuring enhanced X-ray visibility and biocompatibility, can significantly advance imaging studies in medical applications. The novel biocompatible radiopaque PEEK, synthesized for the first time by our working group, will be an incredibly attractive and groundbreaking biomaterial in studies where radiological imaging is actively used, such as dental and spine surgery.

Graphical abstract

本研究旨在通过4-碘苯甲酸衍生物对聚醚醚酮（PEEK）进行化学修饰，提高其在医学成像中的放射不透明度，拓宽其在生物医学领域的应用。在这方面，通过链修饰制备了一种不透射线的PEEK衍生物，这使得保持PEEK的生物相容性成为可能，同时也增加了聚合物的亲水性和可以作为潜在锚点的活性官能团的数量。合成的放射性聚合物通过FTIR， SEM， EDX和x射线分析技术进行了表征。将所表征的不透射线PEEK聚合物植入大鼠皮肤和肌肉下。通过观察植入物的放射溯源性和组织反应来评价生物反应状态。表征研究已经证实了PEEK的成功改性，从而获得了无污染的不透光性。不透射线PEEK衍生物（PEEK -i）表现出良好的生物相容性和无毒性，在植入后20天的观察期后，手术部位无炎症发生。扫描电镜分析进一步证实了细胞粘附性和生物材料与生物系统的相容性。新合成的PEEK-I聚合物具有增强的x射线可视性和生物相容性，可以显着推进医学应用中的成像研究。我们的工作小组首次合成的新型生物相容性不透射线PEEK，将在放射成像积极使用的研究中成为一种极具吸引力和开创性的生物材料，例如牙科和脊柱外科。图形抽象

{"title":"Modified radiopaque polyetheretherketone implants: in vitro and in vivo study","authors":"Arzu Erol, Baki Hazer, Emrah Keskin, Çağdaş Özdemir, Bengisu Yöney, Emine Derin","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01407-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01407-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aims to enhance the radiopacity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in medical imaging by chemically modifying it with 4-iodobenzoic acid derivatives to broaden its biomedical applications. In this regard, a radiopaque derivative of PEEK was prepared with chain modification, which makes it possible to preserve the biocompatibility properties of PEEK and also increase the polymer hydrophilicity and the number of reactive functional groups that can act as potential anchors. Synthesized radioactive polymer characterization was performed by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and X-ray analyzing techniques. The characterized radiopaque PEEK polymer was implanted under the skin and muscle of the rat. The biological response status was evaluated by observing the radiological traceability and tissue reactions of the implants. Characterization studies have confirmed the successful modification of PEEK, resulting in radiopacity without contamination. Radiopaque PEEK derivatives (PEEK–I) demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and nontoxicity, with no inflammation occurring at the surgical site after a 20-day post-implantation observation period. SEM analysis further confirmed cellular adhesion and the compatibility of the biomaterial with biological systems. The newly synthesized PEEK–I polymer, featuring enhanced X-ray visibility and biocompatibility, can significantly advance imaging studies in medical applications. The novel biocompatible radiopaque PEEK, synthesized for the first time by our working group, will be an incredibly attractive and groundbreaking biomaterial in studies where radiological imaging is actively used, such as dental and spine surgery.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 5","pages":"715 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of novel β-cyclodextrin xanthate hydrogel/nickel oxide nanocomposites: adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, photocatalytic activity and reusability studies 新型β-环糊精黄药水凝胶/氧化镍纳米复合材料的合成与表征：吸附等温线、动力学、热力学、光催化活性和可重复使用性研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01406-6

Arbind Chaurasiya, Poorn Prakash Pande, Ravi Shankar, Kajal Kumar Dey, Ajit Kumar Maddheshiya, Mansi Srivastava

β-Cyclodextrin xanthate hydrogel/nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposites (β-CDXHs/NiO NCs) have been prepared using free radical polymerization technique along with the incorporation of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) within β-CDXHs hydrogel matrix through hydrothermal method. The prepared β-CDXHs/NiO NCs have been characterized by various techniques, including UV, FTIR, TGA, ΔpHpzc, GPC, XRD, SEM and EDAX analyses. Methylene blue (MB) dye removal has been found to be highly pH dependent, and showed a maximum removal of 99.23% for MB dye at optimum adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g, pH of 7, stirrer rate of 400 rpm, solution temperature of 25 °C, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and contact time of 30 min. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model with adsorption capacity 310.55 mg/g for MB dye. The plots of isotherms indicated that both physisorption and chemisorption were possible. The adsorption rate of MB dye onto β-CDXHs/NiO NCs is controlled through pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models. The negative ΔH and ΔG values exhibit that the MB dye adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. It was observed from the desorption studies that about 76.72% of the adsorbent had been regenerated for fifth cycle, exhibiting good reusability. The MB dye degradation was found to be 93.09% in the presence of β-CDXHs/NiO NCs. Hence, the experimental results suggest that the β-CDXHs/NiO NCs act as an efficient photocatalyst that can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing MB dye.

Graphical abstract

采用自由基聚合技术，通过水热法在β-CDXHs水凝胶基体中掺入NiO纳米粒子，制备了β-环糊精黄药水凝胶/氧化镍纳米复合材料（β-CDXHs/NiO纳米复合材料）。利用UV、FTIR、TGA、ΔpHpzc、GPC、XRD、SEM和EDAX等技术对所制备的β-CDXHs/NiO纳米碳化物进行了表征。对亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的去除率高度依赖于pH值，在最佳吸附剂用量为1.2 g、pH值为7、搅拌速率为400 rpm、溶液温度为25℃、初始浓度为100 mg/L、接触时间为30 min时，MB染料的去除率最高达99.23%。吸附等温线数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型，吸附量为310.55 mg/g。等温线图表明，化学吸附和物理吸附都是可能的。通过拟一级和二级动力学模型控制MB染料在β-CDXHs/NiO NCs上的吸附速率。负的ΔH和ΔG值表明MB染料的吸附过程是放热自发的。从解吸实验中可以看出，第5次循环中，吸附剂的再生率为76.72%，具有良好的可重复利用性。在β-CDXHs/NiO NCs存在下，MB染料的降解率为93.09%。因此，实验结果表明，β-CDXHs/NiO NCs作为一种有效的光催化剂，可用于处理含MB染料的废水。图形抽象

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of novel β-cyclodextrin xanthate hydrogel/nickel oxide nanocomposites: adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, photocatalytic activity and reusability studies","authors":"Arbind Chaurasiya, Poorn Prakash Pande, Ravi Shankar, Kajal Kumar Dey, Ajit Kumar Maddheshiya, Mansi Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01406-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01406-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>β-Cyclodextrin xanthate hydrogel/nickel oxide (NiO) nanocomposites (β-CDXHs/NiO NCs) have been prepared using free radical polymerization technique along with the incorporation of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) within β-CDXHs hydrogel matrix through hydrothermal method. The prepared β-CDXHs/NiO NCs have been characterized by various techniques, including UV, FTIR, TGA, ΔpHpzc, GPC, XRD, SEM and EDAX analyses. Methylene blue (MB) dye removal has been found to be highly pH dependent, and showed a maximum removal of 99.23% for MB dye at optimum adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g, pH of 7, stirrer rate of 400 rpm, solution temperature of 25 °C, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and contact time of 30 min. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model with adsorption capacity 310.55 mg/g for MB dye. The plots of isotherms indicated that both physisorption and chemisorption were possible. The adsorption rate of MB dye onto β-CDXHs/NiO NCs is controlled through pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models. The negative ΔH and ΔG values exhibit that the MB dye adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. It was observed from the desorption studies that about 76.72% of the adsorbent had been regenerated for fifth cycle, exhibiting good reusability. The MB dye degradation was found to be 93.09% in the presence of β-CDXHs/NiO NCs. Hence, the experimental results suggest that the β-CDXHs/NiO NCs act as an efficient photocatalyst that can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing MB dye.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 6","pages":"765 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite polymer composite foam 聚丙烯/蒙脱土聚合物复合泡沫的力学、形态和热性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01395-6

Elif Ulutas, Munir Tasdemir, Nurefsan Kuvvet, Omer Faruk Korkmaz, Muhammed Cuma Duran

The escalating utilization of plastic materials, coupled with advancements in technology, has propelled the plastics industry into a state of continual evolution. However, the rapid technological progress has also exacerbated issues such as environmental pollution and global warming, primarily due to the excessive consumption of raw materials. These environmental challenges have increasingly constrained the growth of the manufacturing sector. In the polymer world, polymer foams, characterized by a high percentage of pores within their structure, have emerged as a new-generation solution for reducing raw material consumption. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle-filled polypropylene (PP)-based polymer composite foams. The original contribution of this study lies in the production and characterization processes of polymer composite foams developed using PP as the matrix material and MMT nano clay as the additive. Optimizing these processes aims to contribute to environmental sustainability goals by reducing raw material consumption. PP/Montmorillonite (MMT) foams were synthesized through melt blending, employing a chemical blowing agent (CBA) and conventional twin-screw extrusion techniques. The resulting composite foams were evaluated for various properties, including density, cell characteristics (such as cell size and cell density), stiffness, thermal properties, and mechanical strength. The presence of microcells within the polymer matrix positively influenced the density of the PP/MMT composite foams. It was observed that tensile properties diminished with increasing content of the blowing agent. The lowest foam density achieved in this study was 0.83 g/cm³. Among the samples, the 3PP/MMT polymer foam exhibited the smallest average cell size (approximately 2 μm) and the highest density (0,87 g/cm³). Nano clay addition generally enhances modulus and strength, while CBA incorporation tends to decrease them. Moreover, elongation at break decreases significantly with increasing CBA and MMT content.

Graphical abstract

塑料材料的不断升级的利用，再加上技术的进步，推动了塑料工业进入不断发展的状态。然而，快速的技术进步也加剧了环境污染和全球变暖等问题，主要原因是原材料的过度消耗。这些环境挑战日益制约着制造业的发展。在聚合物领域，聚合物泡沫的特点是其结构中含有高比例的孔隙，已成为减少原材料消耗的新一代解决方案。本研究旨在开发纳米颗粒填充聚丙烯（PP）基聚合物复合泡沫材料。本研究的原创性贡献在于以PP为基体材料，以MMT纳米粘土为添加剂研制的聚合物复合泡沫的制备和表征工艺。优化这些过程旨在通过减少原材料消耗来实现环境可持续性目标。采用化学发泡剂（CBA）和常规双螺杆挤出技术，通过熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土（MMT）泡沫材料。所得到的复合泡沫的各种性能进行了评估，包括密度、细胞特性（如细胞尺寸和细胞密度）、刚度、热性能和机械强度。聚合物基体中微孔的存在对PP/MMT复合泡沫的密度有积极的影响。拉伸性能随发泡剂含量的增加而降低。在本研究中获得的最低泡沫密度为0.83 g/cm3。其中，3PP/MMT聚合物泡沫的平均孔尺寸最小（约2 μm），密度最高（0.87 g/cm3）。纳米粘土的加入普遍提高了材料的模量和强度，而CBA的掺入则有降低模量和强度的趋势。随着CBA和MMT含量的增加，断裂伸长率显著降低。图形抽象

{"title":"Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite polymer composite foam","authors":"Elif Ulutas, Munir Tasdemir, Nurefsan Kuvvet, Omer Faruk Korkmaz, Muhammed Cuma Duran","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01395-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01395-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating utilization of plastic materials, coupled with advancements in technology, has propelled the plastics industry into a state of continual evolution. However, the rapid technological progress has also exacerbated issues such as environmental pollution and global warming, primarily due to the excessive consumption of raw materials. These environmental challenges have increasingly constrained the growth of the manufacturing sector. In the polymer world, polymer foams, characterized by a high percentage of pores within their structure, have emerged as a new-generation solution for reducing raw material consumption. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle-filled polypropylene (PP)-based polymer composite foams. The original contribution of this study lies in the production and characterization processes of polymer composite foams developed using PP as the matrix material and MMT nano clay as the additive. Optimizing these processes aims to contribute to environmental sustainability goals by reducing raw material consumption. PP/Montmorillonite (MMT) foams were synthesized through melt blending, employing a chemical blowing agent (CBA) and conventional twin-screw extrusion techniques. The resulting composite foams were evaluated for various properties, including density, cell characteristics (such as cell size and cell density), stiffness, thermal properties, and mechanical strength. The presence of microcells within the polymer matrix positively influenced the density of the PP/MMT composite foams. It was observed that tensile properties diminished with increasing content of the blowing agent. The lowest foam density achieved in this study was 0.83 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Among the samples, the 3PP/MMT polymer foam exhibited the smallest average cell size (approximately 2 μm) and the highest density (0,87 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). Nano clay addition generally enhances modulus and strength, while CBA incorporation tends to decrease them. Moreover, elongation at break decreases significantly with increasing CBA and MMT content.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"111 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biocomposites derived from esterified rice starch reinforced with microcellulose fiber 由微纤维素纤维增强的酯化大米淀粉制成的生物复合材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01400-y

Hanee Katong, Lapporn Vayachuta, Saowapa Chotisuwan, Jareerat Ruamcharoen

Bio-based composites have garnered significant attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Therefore, novel bio-based composites were developed by reinforcing microcellulose fiber (MCF) from rice straw in esterified rice starch. Two native rice starches, i.e. Mao-Noh (MN) and Majanu (MJ), were modified using a dry method with maleic anhydride (MA) as an esterifying agent, resulting in MA-modified starches, namely MAMN and MAMJ. Subsequently, MAMN and MAMJ were blended with varying amounts of microcellulose fiber. It was found that the biocomposite films from both esterified rice starches exhibited translucency. The moisture content, water vapor transmission, and water solubility of the biocomposite films decreased with increasing amounts of MCF. Tensile tests on the biocomposite films revealed that the tensile strength and modulus values tended to increase with higher MCF content. The maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus values for biocomposite films with 10% (by weight) of MCF was found. However, when the MCF content was increased to 15% (by weight), the strength and Young’s modulus decreased. This confirmed the effective dispersion of MCF in the esterified starch and a strong interface interaction between cellulose fibers and modified starch, as revealed by SEM analysis. Furthermore, upon adding MCF to the esterified starch, the intensity of positions corresponding to the crystalline structure of ES and MCF was observed, correlating with the MCF content.

Graphical abstract

生物基复合材料作为传统材料的环保替代品已经引起了人们的极大关注。因此，以水稻秸秆为原料，在酯化大米淀粉中增强微纤维素纤维（MCF），开发了新型生物基复合材料。以马来酸酐（MA）为酯化剂，采用干法对毛能（MN）和马加奴（MJ）两种天然大米淀粉进行改性，得到了马来酸酐改性淀粉MAMN和MAMJ。随后，MAMN和MAMJ与不同量的微纤维素纤维混纺。结果表明，两种酯化大米淀粉制备的生物复合膜均呈半透明状。随着MCF用量的增加，生物复合膜的含水率、水蒸气透过率和水溶性降低。拉伸试验表明，生物复合膜的拉伸强度和模量随MCF含量的增加而增加。发现了添加10%（重量）MCF的生物复合膜的最大拉伸强度和杨氏模量值。然而，当MCF含量增加到15%（重量比）时，强度和杨氏模量下降。这证实了MCF在酯化淀粉中的有效分散，以及纤维素纤维与改性淀粉之间的强界面相互作用。此外，在酯化淀粉中加入MCF后，观察到ES和MCF晶体结构对应位置的强度，并与MCF含量相关。图形抽象

{"title":"Biocomposites derived from esterified rice starch reinforced with microcellulose fiber","authors":"Hanee Katong, Lapporn Vayachuta, Saowapa Chotisuwan, Jareerat Ruamcharoen","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01400-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01400-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bio-based composites have garnered significant attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Therefore, novel bio-based composites were developed by reinforcing microcellulose fiber (MCF) from rice straw in esterified rice starch. Two native rice starches, i.e. Mao-Noh (MN) and Majanu (MJ), were modified using a dry method with maleic anhydride (MA) as an esterifying agent, resulting in MA-modified starches, namely MAMN and MAMJ. Subsequently, MAMN and MAMJ were blended with varying amounts of microcellulose fiber. It was found that the biocomposite films from both esterified rice starches exhibited translucency. The moisture content, water vapor transmission, and water solubility of the biocomposite films decreased with increasing amounts of MCF. Tensile tests on the biocomposite films revealed that the tensile strength and modulus values tended to increase with higher MCF content. The maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus values for biocomposite films with 10% (by weight) of MCF was found. However, when the MCF content was increased to 15% (by weight), the strength and Young’s modulus decreased. This confirmed the effective dispersion of MCF in the esterified starch and a strong interface interaction between cellulose fibers and modified starch, as revealed by SEM analysis. Furthermore, upon adding MCF to the esterified starch, the intensity of positions corresponding to the crystalline structure of ES and MCF was observed, correlating with the MCF content.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":"583 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0