Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第10页

Temperature-dependent storage modulus of polymer nanocomposites, blends and blend-based nanocomposites based on percolation and De Gennes’s self-similar carpet theories 基于渗流和 De Gennes 自相似地毯理论的聚合物纳米复合材料、共混物和基于共混物的纳米复合材料随温度变化的存储模量

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01300-1

Reza Mohammadi, Esmail Sharifzadeh, Neda Azimi

Temperature-dependent storage modulus of polymer nanocomposites, blends and blend-based nanocomposites was studied using both analytical and experimental approaches. The analytical strategy comprised modeling the thermomechanical property of the systems based on parameters affecting the conversion degree of polymer chains in state-to-state transitions and mechanical characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface. Accordingly, percolation theory was developed to define the order of conversion rate and conversion degree of polymer chains considering the thermomechanical characteristics of the neat polymer matrix, behavior of nanoparticles in the system and formation of polymer/particle interphase region. The effect of interphase on a temperature-dependent conversion of polymer molecules was estimated based on De Gennes’s self-similar using the molecular characteristics of the adsorbed polymer chains and related scaling factor. To validate the model predictions, different neat, blend, nanocomposite and blend-based nanocomposite samples were prepared using high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and hollow graphene oxide nanoparticles, where needed, and subjected to dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and other required tests. Besides providing acceptably accurate predictions in the case of all neat and nanocomposite samples, the model was proved to be independent of the system’s morphological variation.

Graphical abstract

采用分析和实验方法研究了聚合物纳米复合材料、共混物和基于共混物的纳米复合材料随温度变化的存储模量。分析策略包括根据影响聚合物链在状态-状态转换中的转换度以及聚合物/聚合物界面的机械特性的参数，建立系统的热机械特性模型。因此，考虑到纯聚合物基体的热力学特性、纳米粒子在系统中的行为以及聚合物/粒子相间区的形成，建立了渗流理论来定义聚合物链的转化率和转化度的顺序。利用吸附聚合物链的分子特性和相关比例因子，根据 De Gennes 自相似估算了相间区对随温度变化的聚合物分子转化率的影响。为验证模型预测结果，根据需要使用高密度聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和空心氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒制备了不同的纯样品、共混样品、纳米复合材料和基于共混的纳米复合材料样品，并进行了动态机械热分析和其他必要的测试。除了对所有纯样品和纳米复合材料样品提供可接受的准确预测外，该模型还被证明不受系统形态变化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution of graphene oxide obtained from exhausted batteries in polypropylene compositions: mechanical, thermal and rheological properties 从用完的电池中提取的氧化石墨烯在聚丙烯成分中的贡献：机械、热和流变特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01301-0

Paola A. Tarachuque, Ana P. Knopik, Reinaldo Y. Morita, Paulo R. S. Bittencourt, Luís A. Pinheiro, Jarem R. Garcia, Alex V. Pedroso, Juliana R. Kloss

Particulate matter and volatile organic compounds pose severe threats to human health. Therefore, in this study samples of polypropylene/graphene oxide with varying compositions were prepared for to be tested in automotive sector. Graphene oxide was obtained through an electrochemical exfoliation of graphite recovered from exhausted batteries. The preparation of the composites was performed using graphene oxide at ratios of 0.3%, 0.7% and 1.0% (w/w), already diluted in a hyperdispersant agent. The composites were compared to both pure polypropylene and polypropylene/carbon black composites. The samples were characterized based on their melt flow index, thermal stability, crystallinity, flammability, and mechanical and rheological properties. The formulations containing graphene oxide obtained from the recycling of exhausted batteries exhibited superior thermal properties and melt flow index compared to pure polypropylene. In addition, the composites containing 0.7% of graphene oxide showed an increase in flow index compared to the composite containing carbon black. The rheological properties of samples containing graphene oxide had values closer to pure polypropylene compared to those containing only hyperdispersant or carbon black. The increase in the flow index of a composite containing graphene oxide can result in energy cost savings during processing. Polypropylene/graphene oxide composites present an interesting alternative by replacing carbon black with recycled graphene oxide, both in terms of costs and environmental impact, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.

Graphical abstract

微粒物质和挥发性有机化合物对人类健康构成严重威胁。因此，本研究制备了不同成分的聚丙烯/氧化石墨烯样品，以便在汽车领域进行测试。氧化石墨烯是通过对从用完的电池中回收的石墨进行电化学剥离而获得的。在制备复合材料时，氧化石墨烯在超分散剂中的稀释比例分别为 0.3%、0.7% 和 1.0%（重量比）。这些复合材料与纯聚丙烯和聚丙烯/炭黑复合材料进行了比较。根据熔体流动指数、热稳定性、结晶度、可燃性以及机械和流变特性对样品进行了表征。与纯聚丙烯相比，从回收的废旧电池中获得的含有氧化石墨烯的配方具有更优越的热性能和熔体流动指数。此外，与含炭黑的复合材料相比，含 0.7% 氧化石墨烯的复合材料的流动指数有所提高。与仅含超分散剂或炭黑的样品相比，含氧化石墨烯样品的流变特性值更接近于纯聚丙烯。含有氧化石墨烯的复合材料流动指数的增加可在加工过程中节约能源成本。聚丙烯/氧化石墨烯复合材料用回收的氧化石墨烯代替炭黑，在成本和环境影响方面都符合绿色化学的原则，是一种有趣的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Surface modification of membrane bioreactor by hybrid halloysite nanotubes for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals 用混合埃洛石纳米管对膜生物反应器进行表面改性，以处理含重金属的工业废水

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01298-6

Sajjad Gorjizadeh, Masoud Rahbari-Sisakht, Daryoush Emadzadeh

Surface modification of polysulfone (PSF) membrane bioreactor using hybrid halloysite nanotubes (HHNTs) and dendrimers was investigated for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals. Petroleum wastewater was obtained from liquefied gas plant 1200 (NGL 1200) in Gachsaran, Iran. Polysulfone)PSF( membranes were fabricated using hybrid halloysite nanotubes and dendrimers at different concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% and identified with certain codes of PSF, HNT0.5, HNT1, and HNT2, respectively. The fabricated membranes were characterized by FTIR, AFM, EDX, SEM, and contact angle analyses. The contact angle decreased as a result of HNT loading in PSF membranes, which was due to the enhancement of the membrane hydrophobicity. The heavy metal rejection in the HNT1 membrane for Cu (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) was 83.25%, 98.79%, 81.09%, and 85.98%, respectively. Also, the rejection of Ni (II) in PSF was 38.24% which showed a lower amount. Based on the results, the HNT1 membrane which was fabricated using 1 wt% of the hybrid halloysite nanotubes showed the best performance to heavy metals removal from industrial effluents.

Graphical abstract

研究人员利用杂化哈洛石纳米管（HHNTs）和树枝状聚合物对聚砜（PSF）膜生物反应器进行了表面改性，以处理含有重金属的工业废水。石油废水取自伊朗 Gachsaran 的液化气厂 1200（NGL 1200）。使用不同浓度（0、0.5、1 和 2 wt%）的混合埃洛石纳米管和树枝状聚合物制作了聚砜（PSF）膜，并分别用 PSF、HNT0.5、HNT1 和 HNT2 进行了标识。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、乙二胺四乙酸（EDX）、扫描电镜（SEM）和接触角分析对制备的膜进行了表征。在 PSF 膜中添加 HNT 后，接触角减小，这是因为膜的疏水性增强了。HNT1 膜对 Cu (II)、Pb (II)、Ni (II) 和 Zn (II) 重金属的抑制率分别为 83.25%、98.79%、81.09% 和 85.98%。此外，PSF 对镍（II）的剔除率为 38.24%，表明镍（II）的含量较低。根据这些结果，使用 1 wt% 的混合霍洛石纳米管制造的 HNT1 膜在去除工业废水中的重金属方面表现最佳。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of void content and hygrothermal aging on the performance of carbon/epoxy composite laminates: a comprehensive study 探索空隙含量和湿热老化对碳/环氧复合材料层压板性能的影响：一项综合研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01295-9

Abd Baghad, Khalil El Mabrouk

The effect of voids and aging on the moisture absorption behavior, diffusion characteristics, and thermomechanical and mechanical performance of autoclaved laminates has been investigated. However, a series of 12 laminates based on HexPly 8552S/AS4 prepregs were manufactured by varying the autoclave process parameters to create laminates with different void contents and subjected to conditioning and aging processes. The moisture absorption behavior was evaluated, and a Fickian diffusion model was employed to describe the moisture absorption process. The results showed that void content influenced the moisture absorption rate, resulting in faster absorption rate. Hygrothermal aging decreased the glass transition temperature (T_g), indicating a loss of rigidity in the laminates. The decrease in T_g varies between 9.08 and 12.57%, with an average decrease of 10.62 ± 1.25% compared to samples not subjected to aging. Aging also affected the laminate’s compressive modulus, with a reduction ranging from 6.99 to 10.65%. In addition, the laminate’s compressive strength decreased from 12.7 to 19.2%, while interlaminar shear strength experienced a reduction from 16.8 to 25.7%. These results indicate that these properties were negatively impacted after the aging process. On the other hand, the presence of voids does not appear to play a significant role in the observed reductions in mechanical and thermomechanical properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the detrimental effects of voids and aging on the properties of carbon/epoxy composite laminates.

Graphical abstract

空隙和老化对高压灭菌层压板的吸湿行为、扩散特性以及热机械和机械性能的影响已被研究过。然而，通过改变高压灭菌工艺参数，制造出不同空隙含量的层压板，并对其进行调节和老化处理，生产出了一系列基于 HexPly 8552S/AS4 预浸料的 12 种层压板。对吸湿行为进行了评估，并采用菲克扩散模型来描述吸湿过程。结果表明，空隙率影响吸湿率，导致吸湿率加快。湿热老化降低了玻璃化转变温度（Tg），表明层压板失去了刚性。与未老化的样品相比，Tg 下降了 9.08% 至 12.57%，平均下降了 10.62 ± 1.25%。老化还影响了层压模量，降低了 6.99% 到 10.65%。此外，层压强度从 12.7% 下降到 19.2%，层间剪切强度从 16.8% 下降到 25.7%。这些结果表明，这些性能在老化过程后受到了负面影响。另一方面，空隙的存在似乎并没有对观察到的机械和热机械性能的降低起到重要作用。这些发现为了解空隙和老化对碳/环氧复合材料层压板性能的不利影响提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A novel chemical route for low-temperature curing of natural rubber using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde: improved thermal and tensile properties 使用 2,4-二羟基苯甲醛对天然橡胶进行低温硫化的新型化学方法：改善热性能和拉伸性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7

Bote Vaishali Raosaheb, Anand Adeppa, Sudhakara Aralihalli, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Akarapong Tuljittraporn, Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, A. V. Vijayashankar, Jobish Johns

A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (T_g), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.

Graphical abstract

我们发现了一种在低温下使用 2,4-二羟基苯甲醛（DHB）对天然橡胶（NR）进行化学固化的新方法。在 NR 中加入不同量的 DHB 可增加 NR 分子链之间的交联。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和质子核磁共振光谱（NMR）证实了 NR 分子链与 DHB 之间的化学反应。热重分析（TGA）测定了降解的热稳定性和活化能。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）确认了玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的变化，这表明交联密度增加，降低了橡胶链的流动性。在胶乳中添加 DHB 可显著提高橡胶的热稳定性。与未固化的 NRL 相比，在 NRL 中加入 80 mL DHB 后，活化能增加了 5.52%。此外，通过 DHB 交联，橡胶的拉伸强度和弹性模量等拉伸性能也大幅提高。由于大分子链之间形成了交联，橡胶的拉伸强度值通过降低断裂伸长率而增加。在一系列硫化样品中，用 80 mL DHB 硫化的 NR 具有更优越的拉伸和热性能。加入 80 mL DHB 后，拉伸强度提高了 390%，断裂伸长率降低了 10%。这种固化方法的优点在于，它是一种在相对较低的温度下直接从 NR 胶乳中交联 NR 的有效技术。

{"title":"A novel chemical route for low-temperature curing of natural rubber using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde: improved thermal and tensile properties","authors":"Bote Vaishali Raosaheb, Anand Adeppa, Sudhakara Aralihalli, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Akarapong Tuljittraporn, Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, A. V. Vijayashankar, Jobish Johns","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"33 7","pages":"915 - 925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of visible light catalyst Ag6Si2O7–TiO2 with core-shell nanostructure on performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-g-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate/poly(vinylidene fluoride) high flux ultrafiltration membranes 具有核壳纳米结构的可见光催化剂 Ag6Si2O7-TiO2 对聚（偏氟乙烯）-聚（乙二醇）甲基醚甲基丙烯酸酯/聚（偏氟乙烯）高通量超滤膜性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01299-5

Yulan Tang, Xianyuan Sun, Xiankun Zhang, Dongrui Zhou, Ting Li

Combining photocatalysts are frequently used to address the issue of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes being susceptible to contamination. The main constraints of existing photocatalyst-modified films are the narrow light utilization range and the generally limited enhancement of hydrophilicity and flux of the films modified by a single photocatalyst. Herein, a novel visible light photocatalyst Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ with a core–shell nanostructure and a large specific surface area was prepared by in situ deposition. The casting solution was supplemented with Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ and 1.35 g PVDF-g-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) prepared by ATRP and then a film through non-solvent-induced phase transformation was prepared. M1 with 0.25 g Ag₆Si₂O₇–TiO₂ has ideal overall performance in filtration of pure water and 20 mg/L SA solution. Its pure water flux, recovery flux, and rejection were found to be 1471 and 1091 L/(m² h), and 88.1%, respectively. Additionally, M1 has the best-increased flux by 20.3% greater under visible light (VIS) irradiation than under shading condition. To measure changes in flux and rejection under three conditions (shading, UV light, and VIS light), M1 was chosen as the representative membrane. There is no significant difference in filtering performance between UV and VIS, nevertheless, both are much better than no light. The photocatalytic degradation impact of M1 on ceftiofur sodium was next examined under UV and VIS circumstances, and the degradation effect of M1 under the two conditions was good and comparable, approximately 70% and 65%, respectively. It indicates that the modified membranes have excellent VIS responsiveness, flux, and anti-pollution performance.

Graphical Abstract

为了解决聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜易受污染的问题，经常使用光催化剂组合。现有光催化剂改性薄膜的主要限制因素是光的利用范围较窄，而且单一光催化剂改性薄膜的亲水性和通量的提高普遍有限。本文通过原位沉积法制备了具有核壳纳米结构和大比表面积的新型可见光光催化剂 Ag6Si2O7-TiO2。在浇铸溶液中加入 Ag6Si2O7-TiO2 和 1.35 克通过 ATRP 制备的 PVDF-聚（乙二醇）甲基醚甲基丙烯酸酯（PEGMA），然后通过非溶剂诱导相变制备薄膜。含有 0.25 g Ag6Si2O7-TiO2 的 M1 在过滤纯水和 20 mg/L SA 溶液时具有理想的综合性能。其纯水通量、回收通量和排斥率分别为 1471 和 1091 升/（m2 h）以及 88.1%。此外，在可见光（VIS）照射条件下，M1 的通量增幅最大，比遮光条件下高 20.3%。为了测量三种条件（遮光、紫外线和可见光）下通量和排斥率的变化，选择了 M1 作为代表膜。紫外线和可见光在过滤性能上没有明显差异，但都比无光好得多。接下来考察了 M1 在紫外光和可见光条件下对头孢噻呋钠的光催化降解影响，M1 在这两种条件下的降解效果良好，不相上下，分别约为 70% 和 65%。这表明改性膜具有良好的紫外可见光响应性、通量和抗污染性能。

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引用次数: 0

Study on association behavior and solution properties of poly(acrylic acid-alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate) amphiphilic copolymers 聚（丙烯酸-聚氧乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯）两性共聚物的分离行为和溶液特性研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01296-8

Xiqiu Wang, Zhiqing Zhang, Yukun Zhang, Guodong Zhang, Fang Wang

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HAWSPs), which possess surfactant and polymer properties, are extensively studied. This research work presents a novel HAWSP, poly(acrylic acid-alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate) (P(AA-AAEO_n)), synthesized by aqueous polymerization of acrylic acid and alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate (AAEO_n) with various ethoxy groups. The structure of P(AA-AAEOn) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The association behavior in the solution was also evaluated through surface tension, dynamic light scattering, and rheology measurements. The findings exhibited that P(AA-AAEO_n) demonstrated noteworthy surface activity, which was amplified as the proportion of the hydrophobic group increased and could effectively reduce the water surface tension. When the concentration reached 0.01%, P(AA-AAEOn) in the solution changed from intramolecular association to intermolecular association. Additionally, P(AA-AAEO_n) manifested notable shear resistance, shear recovery, and viscoelasticity, transitioned from energy elasticity to entropy elasticity in P(AA-AAEO_n) molecules between 25 and 35 ℃. The experimental phenomena and mechanisms resulting from the association behavior of polymer molecules have undergone careful analysis. The elastic conversion of polymer molecules at varying temperatures is a noteworthy finding, which has not been extensively documented in earlier research works. A detailed analysis of this phenomenon has been conducted. However, further research is crucial to establish the prevalence of this phenomenon in HAWSPs.

Graphical abstract

人们对具有表面活性剂和聚合物特性的疏水缔合水溶性聚合物（HAWSP）进行了广泛的研究。本研究工作介绍了一种新型 HAWSP--聚（丙烯酸-烷基聚氧乙烯丙烯酸酯）（P(AA-AAEOn)），它是由丙烯酸和带有不同乙氧基的烷基聚氧乙烯丙烯酸酯（AAEOn）通过水聚合反应合成的。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振光谱（NMR）对 P(AA-AAEOn)的结构进行了表征。此外，还通过表面张力、动态光散射和流变学测量评估了溶液中的结合行为。研究结果表明，P(AA-AAEOn)具有显著的表面活性，随着疏水基团比例的增加，其表面活性也随之增强，并能有效降低水的表面张力。当浓度达到 0.01% 时，溶液中的 P(AA-AAEOn) 由分子内结合转变为分子间结合。此外，P(AA-AAEOn)还表现出显著的抗剪切性、剪切恢复性和粘弹性，在25至35 ℃之间，P(AA-AAEOn)分子由能量弹性过渡到熵弹性。对聚合物分子关联行为产生的实验现象和机理进行了仔细分析。聚合物分子在不同温度下的弹性转换是一个值得注意的发现，在早期的研究工作中并没有广泛的记录。我们对这一现象进行了详细分析。然而，进一步的研究对于确定这一现象在 HAWSP 中的普遍性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of vinyl acetate/dibutyl maleate copolymers on gas transport properties of poly(ethylene oxide-b-amide 6) membranes: a comprehensive study on permeability, diffusivity, solubility, and permselectivity of carbon dioxide 醋酸乙烯酯/马来酸二丁酯共聚物对聚（环氧乙烷-b-酰胺 6）膜气体传输特性的影响：关于二氧化碳渗透性、扩散性、溶解性和过选择性的综合研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01290-0

Marzieh Shirinia, Mahdi Abdollahi, Mohammadreza Omidkhah

Poly(ethylene oxide-b-amide 6) (PEBAX^® 1657) blend membranes containing 10, 30, and 50% (by weights) of dense and rubbery vinyl acetate/dibutyl maleate (VAc/DBM) copolymers with different chemical compositions as CO₂-philic additives were made by solution casting method and were studied for the separation of CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ gas systems. Chemical interaction, thermal properties, and morphology of the membranes were investigated using FTIR, DSC, and FE-SEM analyses, respectively. The solubility coefficient of carbon dioxide as well as the solubility selectivity showed an upward trend with the addition of vinyl acetate-based copolymers, especially at 50% (by weight). In the membranes containing 10 and 30% (by weights) of vinyl acetate-based copolymers, both key factors of solubility and diffusion coefficient had an almost appropriate trend, which improved the performance of the blend membranes compared to pure Pebax 1657. In the membranes containing 50% (by weight) additive, the diffusion and diffusion selectivity decreased due to the change of the dominant phase from polyethylene oxide to vinyl acetate-based copolymers, resulting in the reduction of the permeability. By increasing of the pressure, the permeability of carbon dioxide was increased which can be attributed to the increase in the solubility of carbon dioxide and then to the rubbery and resistance properties of the added copolymers against pressure. Compared to a pure Pebax 1657, gas separation performance of the blend membranes containing 10 and 30% (by weights) of vinyl acetate-based copolymers were closer to Robeson’s curve, confirming the improvement of permeability properties in these membranes.

Graphical abstract

采用溶液浇铸法制备了聚环氧乙烷-b-酰胺 6（PEBAX® 1657）混合膜，其中含有 10、30 和 50%（按重量计）不同化学成分的致密橡胶型醋酸乙烯酯/马来酸二丁酯（VAc/DBM）共聚物作为亲 CO2 添加剂，并研究了这些膜在 CO2/CH4 和 CO2/N2 气体系统中的分离效果。分别使用傅立叶变换红外光谱、电热恒温和有限元扫描电子显微镜分析法研究了膜的化学相互作用、热性能和形貌。二氧化碳的溶解度系数和溶解度选择性随着醋酸乙烯酯基共聚物的添加呈上升趋势，尤其是添加量达到 50%（重量比）时。在含有 10%和 30%（重量比）醋酸乙烯酯基共聚物的膜中，溶解度和扩散系数这两个关键因素的变化趋势几乎一致，与纯 Pebax 1657 相比，混合膜的性能有所提高。在含有 50%（重量）添加剂的膜中，由于主相从聚环氧乙烷变为醋酸乙烯酯基共聚物，扩散系数和扩散选择性下降，导致渗透性降低。随着压力的增加，二氧化碳的渗透率也随之增加，这可能是由于二氧化碳的溶解度增加，以及添加的共聚物具有橡胶和抗压性能。与纯 Pebax 1657 相比，含有 10%和 30%（按重量计）醋酸乙烯酯基共聚物的混合膜的气体分离性能更接近罗伯逊曲线，证实了这些膜的渗透性能得到了改善。

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引用次数: 0

L-Lactide ring-opening polymerization: a multi-objective optimization approach through mathematical modeling L-内酰胺开环聚合：通过数学建模的多目标优化方法

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01291-z

Geetu P. Paul, Virivinti Nagajyothi

As industries move towards sustainable product development, biopolymers such as polylactide are gaining significant attention owing to their self-degradability and eco-friendliness. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) formulation to obtain high-performance polylactide concerning physicochemical properties is designed through mathematical modeling and solved using the Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II). The current work is focused on improving the polymer growth mechanisms with stannous octoate (catalyst) and 1-dodecanol (co-catalyst) by analyzing three different case studies using optimization approach. In the first study, the Pareto front for batch L-lactide ring-opening polymerization (L-ROP) with objective functions of average molecular weight, polydispersity index, and time is obtained. Further investigations on esterification, chain propagation and the ratio of monomer–catalyst and cocatalyst–catalyst is carried out. The optimized result using certain range of initial reagent concentrations is determined and one of the suitable Pareto optimal solution for case study 1 gives M_w = 610 kDa, PDI = 1.8, time = 100 s; case study 2 is M_w = 560 kDa, λ1/λ0 = 4300, λ0 = 70; case study 3 is M_w = 500 kDa, M/C = 33,800, ROH/C = 8.5. The neighboring optimal solutions in the Pareto front have been classified into 3 groups and the corresponding process parameters for the particular outcome are tabulated. Process modeling and optimization in close vicinity with appropriate experimental data are distinct aspects of this work to apply in industrial plant level.

Graphical abstract

随着工业向可持续产品开发方向发展，聚乳酸等生物聚合物因其可自我降解性和生态友好性而备受关注。因此，我们通过数学建模设计了一个多目标优化问题（MOOP）配方，以获得有关物理化学特性的高性能聚乳酸，并使用菁英非优势排序遗传算法（NSGA II）进行求解。当前工作的重点是利用优化方法，通过分析三个不同的案例研究，改善辛酸亚锡（催化剂）和 1-十二醇（助催化剂）的聚合物生长机制。在第一项研究中，以平均分子量、多分散指数和时间为目标函数，得出了批量 L-内酰胺开环聚合（L-ROP）的帕累托前沿。对酯化、链延伸以及单体-催化剂和共催化剂-催化剂的比例进行了进一步研究。确定了使用一定范围初始试剂浓度的优化结果，案例研究 1 中的一个合适的帕累托最优解为 Mw = 610 kDa，PDI = 1.8，时间 = 100 s；案例研究 2 为 Mw = 560 kDa，λ1/λ0 = 4300，λ0 = 70；案例研究 3 为 Mw = 500 kDa，M/C = 33800，ROH/C = 8.5。帕累托前沿的相邻最优解被分为 3 组，并将特定结果的相应工艺参数列表。工艺建模和近似优化以及适当的实验数据是这项工作的独特方面，可应用于工业设备层面。

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引用次数: 0

Constraints on industrial-scale application of lignocellulosic fiber and biomass in food packaging 木质纤维素纤维和生物质在食品包装中工业化应用的制约因素

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01288-8

Sanchita Biswas Murmu, Laxmi Kanta Nayak, Ammayappan Lakhmanan, Haokhothang Baite, Dipak Nayak, Boris Huirem

Most of the food-packaging materials are made from single-use plastics from petroleum sources, depleting the environment and adding to waste management issues. Natural fiber is a renewable, biodegradable alternative that has immense potential to be used as a food-packaging material. This review aims at reporting the strengths, limitations, and engineering considerations of the use of lignocellulosic biomass in the form of bags, paper, and particleboard for food-packaging applications. The limitations in the present application of jute bag for different grain storage and the technical interventions adapted are being explored to improve them. The recent reports about the use of lignocellulosic fiber pulp in functional paper development in targeting food packaging as the end application and further enhancement of the engineering parameters by reinforcement with nanofiber, nanocellulose, nano-hemicelluloses, and other lignocellulosic fiber components have been scrutinized. The additional functional characteristics added to conventional paper packaging due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose are highlighted. The mechanical, swelling, and other properties of lignocellulosic particleboard, such as jute sticks, wood sticks, sugarcane bagasse, and others, with the aim of their application in the construction of rigid boxes or chests for fruit and vegetable transport in the increasing scenario of e-commerce are discussed. Challenges for the system of large-scale technological adaptation are analyzed, and the scope of future research is suggested.

Graphical abstract

大多数食品包装材料都是由来自石油的一次性塑料制成的，不仅破坏环境，还加剧了废物管理问题。天然纤维是一种可再生、可生物降解的替代品，在用作食品包装材料方面潜力巨大。本综述旨在报告以包装袋、纸张和刨花板的形式将木质纤维素生物质用于食品包装应用的优势、局限性和工程考虑因素。目前黄麻袋在不同粮食储藏应用中的局限性以及为改善这些局限性而采取的技术干预措施正在探讨之中。最近有报告称，在以食品包装为最终应用的功能性纸张开发中使用了木质纤维素纤维浆，并通过纳米纤维、纳米纤维素、纳米化学纤维素和其他木质纤维素纤维成分的增强进一步提高了工程参数。重点介绍了由于木质素和半纤维素的存在而为传统纸包装增加的额外功能特性。讨论了木质纤维素刨花板（如黄麻条、木条、甘蔗渣等）的机械、膨胀和其他特性，目的是在电子商务日益发展的情况下，将其应用于果蔬运输的硬盒或硬箱的制造。分析了大规模技术改造系统面临的挑战，并提出了未来的研究范围。

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引用次数: 0