Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第7页

Carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for pH-responsive drug release of curcumin 用于姜黄素 pH 值响应型药物释放的羧甲基纤维素水凝胶

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01331-8

D. K. S. Nishadani, Thennakoon M. Sampath Udeni Gunathilake, Yern Chee Ching, Hemanth Noothalapati

This study outlines the development of a pH-sensitive hydrogel for hydrophobic drug delivery by cross-linking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with varying fumaric acid (FA) concentrations (9%–26%). FTIR analysis of CMC–FA-26% hydrogel showed a prominent band at 1714 cm⁻¹, indicating the formation of ester bond. Compression tests demonstrated increased strength with cross-linking density changing from 9 to 26%. Stress–strain analysis revealed plastic deformation beyond 80% strain, with compression stress rising from 0.12 ± 0.1 to 1.9 ± 0.1 MPa as FA content increased from 9 to 26%. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher weight reduction (25–28%) for CMC–FA-26% compared to CMC–FA-9% (16–18%) during the fumaric acid weight loss stage. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination showed that the hydrogels had a porous structure, crucial for their swelling, drug loading, and release. According to the swelling results, swellability was decreased by increasing cross-linking degree, and increased by increasing pH values. In the biodegradability test, the CMC–FA-26% hydrogel showed 35% weight loss after 28 days, while the CMC–FA-9% hydrogel exhibited a 54% weight loss. To improve the compatibility between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic curcumin (CUR)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was incorporated to the hydrogel. The solubility results showed that with varying the molar ratio of CUR:β-CD from 1:1 to 1:3, the mean UV–Vis absorption changed from 0.005 to 1.048. The variation of the medium’s pH from 1.2 to 12 resulted in a notable increase in the cumulative curcumin release, ranging from 5.91 to 46.63%. Drug delivery results indicated excellent drug release in alkaline medium, highlighting the hydrogel’s potential for targeted drug delivery of hydrophobic drugs in the gastrointestinal tract.

Graphical abstract

本研究概述了通过将羧甲基纤维素（CMC）与不同浓度（9%-26%）的富马酸（FA）交联，开发出一种用于疏水性给药的 pH 值敏感水凝胶。CMC-FA-26% 水凝胶的傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，在 1714 cm-1 处有一条突出的带，表明形成了酯键。压缩试验表明，随着交联密度从 9% 增加到 26%，强度也随之增加。应力应变分析表明，当 FA 含量从 9% 增加到 26% 时，超过 80% 的应变会产生塑性变形，压缩应力从 0.12 ± 0.1 兆帕增加到 1.9 ± 0.1 兆帕。热重分析表明，在富马酸失重阶段，CMC-FA-26% 的重量比 CMC-FA-9% 的重量（16-18%）减少得更多（25-28%）。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查显示，水凝胶具有多孔结构，这对其溶胀、药物负载和释放至关重要。根据溶胀结果，交联度越高，溶胀性越低，而 pH 值越高，溶胀性越高。在生物降解性测试中，28 天后，CMC-FA-26% 水凝胶的失重率为 35%，而 CMC-FA-9% 水凝胶的失重率为 54%。为了提高亲水性 CMC 与疏水性姜黄素（CUR）/β-环糊精（β-CD）之间的相容性，在水凝胶中加入了 CMC-FA-26%。溶解度结果表明，随着 CUR 与 β-CD 的摩尔比从 1:1 变为 1:3，平均紫外可见吸收率从 0.005 变为 1.048。介质的 pH 值从 1.2 变为 12 后，姜黄素的累积释放量显著增加，从 5.91% 增加到 46.63%。给药结果表明，该水凝胶在碱性介质中具有极佳的药物释放性能，突出了其在胃肠道内靶向给疏水性药物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental analysis on thermal performance of interloping threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity 注塑模腔内螺纹交错冷却通道热性能的实验分析

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01329-2

Prashant Paraye, R. M. Sarviya

Injection molding is a mass manufacturing process, which facilitates the production of specially designed products in diverse shapes and sizes using various materials, serving industries from daily necessities to aerospace components. The cooling process in injection molding takes up a significant portion of an overall cycle time. In this study, a thermal analysis of conventional and threaded cooling channels in injection mold cavity was conducted using infrared thermal imaging. The experiments measured the temperature distributions in the mold cavity as they reached steady states during both heating and cooling phases. The temperature–time dynamics within the injection mold cavity revealed that the threaded design was significantly more efficient, heating up 23.4 s faster and cooling down 33.3 s quicker than the conventional cooling channel. Additionally, the threaded cooling channel maintained a more uniform temperature distribution of 1.64 °C lower than that in conventional cooling. The threaded configuration achieved peak temperatures 5.88% more rapidly and returned faster to near-ambient levels by 5.55%, highlighting its enhanced efficiency. Findings showed a higher quality of mold products and a reduction in cooling time, with the threaded cooling channel producing parts characterized by a high-gloss and refined surface finish. This enhanced performance of the threaded cooling channel could lead to significant energy savings and productivity gains in industrial applications.

Graphical abstract

注塑成型是一种大规模制造工艺，可使用各种材料生产出形状和尺寸各异的特殊设计产品，服务于从日用品到航空航天组件等各行各业。注塑成型中的冷却过程在整个循环时间中占很大比重。本研究利用红外热成像技术对注塑模腔中的传统冷却通道和螺纹冷却通道进行了热分析。实验测量了模具型腔在加热和冷却阶段达到稳定状态时的温度分布。注塑模腔内的温度-时间动态显示，螺纹式设计的效率明显更高，与传统冷却通道相比，加热时间快 23.4 秒，冷却时间快 33.3 秒。此外，螺纹冷却通道的温度分布更均匀，比传统冷却方式低 1.64 °C。螺纹配置达到峰值温度的速度快 5.88%，恢复到接近环境温度的速度快 5.55%，凸显了其更高的效率。研究结果表明，螺纹冷却通道的模具产品质量更高，冷却时间更短，生产出的零件表面光洁细腻。螺纹冷却通道性能的提高可在工业应用中显著节约能源和提高生产率。

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引用次数: 0

Strong and tough conductive silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite hydrogel by a salting-in and salting-out synergistic effect 通过盐入和盐出协同效应实现强韧的导电丝纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01334-5

Honghui Ma, Yingxue Deng, Yubo Lin, Yu Zhang, Zhengxiong Zhou, Haoan Yu, Xiancai Jiang

Hofmeister effect has been used to prepare highly tough and conductive hydrogel. However, it usually needs the complex steps of post-treatment of a pre-formed weak hydrogel by soaking in salt solution. Herein, strong and tough silk fibroin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SF/PVA) ionic conductive hydrogel was prepared by a simple one-pot method by direct introduction of sodium citrate (Na₃Cit) into SF/PVA solution. It was found that Na₃Cit could not be directly introduced into SF/PVA solution due to its salting-out effect to prepare tough hydrogel. Fortunately, the salting-out effect of Na₃Cit could be weakened with the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and glycerol in SF/PVA solution. Finally, the strong and tough SF/PVA hydrogel was obtained by the one-time freezing/thawing process of SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol solution. The tough SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel with the tensile strength of 0.33 MPa and elongation-at-break of 540% were obtained. The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel with the excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity was used as the strain sensor. The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organohydrogel sensor could detect various human motions with high sensitivity (GF = 6.87). The SF/PVA/CaCl₂/Na₃Cit/glycerol organo hydrogel strain sensor could generate reliable and reproducible electrical signals in response to various mechanical stimuli. We intend to present a simple and effective method to prepare high performance ionic hydrogel by Hofmeister effect.

Graphical Abstract

霍夫迈斯特效应已被用于制备高韧性和导电性水凝胶。然而，这种方法通常需要通过在盐溶液中浸泡对预先形成的弱水凝胶进行后处理等复杂步骤。本文采用简单的一锅法，在 SF/PVA 溶液中直接加入柠檬酸钠（Na3Cit），制备出了强韧的丝纤维素/聚乙烯醇（SF/PVA）离子导电水凝胶。研究发现，由于 Na3Cit 的盐析效应，无法将其直接引入 SF/PVA 溶液中制备韧性水凝胶。幸运的是，在 SF/PVA 溶液中加入氯化钙（CaCl2）和甘油可以减弱 Na3Cit 的盐析效应。最后，通过对 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油溶液进行一次性冷冻/解冻处理，得到了强韧的 SF/PVA 水凝胶。得到的韧性 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶的拉伸强度为 0.33 MPa，断裂伸长率为 540%。该 SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶具有优异的机械性能和离子传导性，可用作应变传感器。SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶传感器能高灵敏度（GF = 6.87）地检测人体的各种运动。SF/PVA/CaCl2/Na3Cit/ 甘油有机水凝胶应变传感器可对各种机械刺激产生可靠且可重复的电信号。我们打算介绍一种利用霍夫迈斯特效应制备高性能离子水凝胶的简单而有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible production of three-dimensional biocomposite from cotton micro-dust waste and sand blend through a novel combination of molten salt hydrate and sodium L-glutamate salt 通过熔盐水合物和 L-谷氨酸钠盐的新型组合，利用棉花微尘废料和混合砂灵活生产三维生物复合材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01322-9

Vignesh Natarajan, Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Chandraraj Krishnan

Cotton micro-dust (CMD) is a low-cost feedstock produced by cotton spinning mills. It consists of cellulose as the chief component, along with other non-cellulosic lignin and extractives. The two-stage pretreatment of CMD using alkali and acid facilitated cellulose enrichment and promoted favorable morphology for producing cellulose-based biomaterials. The process involves the solubilization of cellulose using an inexpensive and environmentally friendly zinc chloride solution for further conversion to biomaterials. The addition of novel cross-linker monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 5% (by weight) concentration facilitated the preparation of the polymer matrix at room temperature. The gelation process that transformed the liquid mixture into a solid polymer matrix depended on the shear-sensitive interaction between the Zn–CMD solution and the MSG. Further, the mix of CMD–ZnCl₂ and MSG was converted into a biocomposite by a reinforcement step with pit sand. The Zn–CMD–MSG acted as a binder for sand particles and formed a solid biocomposite. The complex association of sand with CMD conferred high thermal stability to the biocomposite. Moreover, the biocomposite showed good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 20 MPa and a flexural strength of 12 MPa. Hence, the present process is promising for developing a cellulose-based green composite from low-cost cotton waste and sand.

Graphical abstract

棉花微尘（CMD）是棉纺厂生产的一种低成本原料。它的主要成分是纤维素以及其他非纤维素木质素和萃取物。使用碱和酸对 CMD 进行两阶段预处理可促进纤维素富集，并为生产纤维素基生物材料提供有利的形态。该工艺包括使用廉价且环保的氯化锌溶液溶解纤维素，以便进一步转化为生物材料。添加 5%（重量）浓度的新型交联剂谷氨酸钠（MSG）有助于在室温下制备聚合物基质。将液态混合物转化为固态聚合物基质的凝胶化过程取决于 Zn-CMD 溶液与味精之间的剪切敏感性相互作用。此外，CMD-ZnCl2 和味精的混合物通过坑砂增强步骤转化为生物复合材料。Zn-CMD-MSG 可作为沙粒的粘合剂，形成固体生物复合材料。沙子与 CMD 的复杂结合赋予了生物复合材料很高的热稳定性。此外，该生物复合材料还具有良好的机械性能，拉伸强度达 20 兆帕，弯曲强度达 12 兆帕。因此，本工艺有望利用低成本的棉花废料和沙子开发出纤维素基绿色复合材料。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of various geopolymerization parameters on poor quality Afşin-Elbistan fly ash-based geopolymer concretes with ground granulated blast furnace slag 各种土工聚合参数对含有磨细高炉矿渣的劣质阿夫辛-伊尔比斯坦粉煤灰基土工聚合物混凝土的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01330-9

Ahmet Hayrullah Sevinç, Muhammed Yasin Durgun

The utilization of Afşin-Elbistan fly ash (FA), which cannot be used in cement and concrete industry in production of geopolymers, has been studied with some preliminary trials. In this study, FA of Afşin-Elbistan thermal power plant, which does not fit any of FA classes according to ASTM C 618, was used as a geopolymer binder raw material. The main motivation of the study is to investigate the partial usability of this type of FA, which is not sufficient on its own and creates a large amount of waste, as a geopolymer raw material. FA was replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by the ratios of 25% and 50% (by weights) in order to develop the properties of geopolymer concrete. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) (10 and 14 M) were used as activators. Three different activator to binder ratios (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65) and three SS/SH ratios (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5) were chosen. Unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed for 28 and 60 days. In order to investigate the microstructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. As a result, GGBFS incorporation enhanced the properties of Afşin-Elbistan FA-based geopolymer concrete. With the increase of GGBFS content, the compressive strength values increased. The highest strengths were obtained from 50% GGBFS groups. The results revealed that Afşin-Elbistan FA (AEFA), which has the highest waste reserve among the thermal power plant fly ashes in Turkey, could be evaluated as partial geopolymer raw material.

Graphical abstract

阿费辛-埃尔比斯坦粉煤灰（FA）不能用于水泥和混凝土工业，对其在土工聚合物生产中的应用进行了初步研究。在这项研究中，阿费辛-埃尔比斯坦热电厂的粉煤灰被用作土工聚合物粘合剂原料，而根据 ASTM C 618 标准，这种粉煤灰不属于任何一种粉煤灰等级。这项研究的主要动机是调查这类 FA 作为土工聚合物原料的部分可用性，因为这种 FA 本身并不充分，而且会产生大量废物。为了开发土工聚合物混凝土的性能，分别以 25% 和 50% 的比例（按重量计）用磨细高炉矿渣（GGBFS）替代 FA。硅酸钠（SS）和氢氧化钠（SH）（10 M 和 14 M）被用作活化剂。选择了三种不同的活化剂与粘合剂比率（0.45、0.55 和 0.65）和三种 SS/SH 比率（0.75、1.0 和 1.5）。分别进行了 28 天和 60 天的单位重量、抗压强度、劈裂拉伸强度和超声波脉速测试。为了研究微观结构，还进行了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析。结果表明，掺入 GGBFS 增强了以阿夫辛-埃尔比斯坦 FA 为基础的土工聚合物混凝土的性能。随着 GGBFS 含量的增加，抗压强度值也随之增加。50％ GGBFS 组的强度最高。研究结果表明，土耳其火电厂粉煤灰中废物储量最高的阿夫申-埃尔比斯坦 FA（AEFA）可作为部分土工聚合物原料进行评估。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions chromium (III) by modified corn starch/GO composite aerogel 改性玉米淀粉/GO 复合气凝胶对重金属离子铬 (III) 的高效吸附

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01326-5

Dequan Wei, Shenghua Lv, Shanshan Zhang, Jingjing Zuo, Shan Liang, Juhui Yang, Jialin Wang

Starch is a natural polymer containing a large number of active hydroxyl groups, which make it an ideal material for preparation of adsorption functional aerogels. In this work, a modified carboxymethyl corn starch/organic glass composite aerogel (CMSHA-GO) was successfully prepared using starch as raw material and hexamethylenediamine as cross-linking agent. It showed significant adsorption properties for heavy metal ions. When the composite aerogel was introduced with 10 mg GO, the adsorption capacity of CMSHA-GO₁₀ aerogel for heavy metal ions was in the order of Cr³⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Cr(VI) > Pb²⁺, while its adsorption performance for heavy metal ion Cr³⁺ was mainly discussed. The structures and morphologies of the composite aerogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The results showed that the CMSHA-GO composite aerogel has a stable three-dimensional mesh-like porous structure with good conditions for metal ion adsorption. In addition, the effects of different GO contents, pH values, and time conditions on the adsorption of metal ions by the CMSHA-GO composite aerogel were discussed. When the weight ratio of carboxymethyl starch: hexanediamine: GO was 10:0.1:0.1, the CMSHA-GO₁₀ composite aerogel showed the best adsorption performance for Cr³⁺ ions. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 3 h at an initial Cr³⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L⁻¹, with a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (q_e^cale) of 212.7 mg/g.

Graphical abstract

淀粉是一种天然聚合物，含有大量活性羟基，是制备吸附功能气凝胶的理想材料。本研究以淀粉为原料，六亚甲基二胺为交联剂，成功制备了改性羧甲基玉米淀粉/有机玻璃复合气凝胶（CMSHA-GO）。它对重金属离子具有明显的吸附特性。当复合气凝胶中引入 10 mg GO 时，CMSHA-GO10 气凝胶对重金属离子的吸附能力依次为 Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Cr(VI) > Pb2+，主要讨论了其对重金属离子 Cr3+ 的吸附性能。傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术对复合气凝胶的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明，CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶具有稳定的三维网状多孔结构，具有良好的金属离子吸附条件。此外，还讨论了不同的 GO 含量、pH 值和时间条件对 CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶吸附金属离子的影响。当羧甲基淀粉：己二胺：GO 的重量比为 10:0.1:0.2 时，CMSHA-GO 复合气凝胶对金属离子的吸附效果最好：GO的重量比为10:0.1:0.1时，CMSHA-GO10复合气凝胶对Cr3+离子的吸附性能最好。在初始 Cr3+ 浓度为 500 mg-L-1 时，3 h 内达到吸附平衡，最大平衡吸附容量（qecale）为 212.7 mg/g。

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引用次数: 0

Flame retardant polyvinyl alcohol composite with excellent comprehensive properties prepared using Cu2O/chitosan and phosphorus-based flame retardants 使用 Cu2O/ 壳聚糖和磷系阻燃剂制备综合性能优异的阻燃聚乙烯醇复合材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01327-4

Wenzong Xu, Yi Zhang, Julan Liu, Ziyi Xuan, Lulu Su, Maotong Zhao

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has good film-forming and barrier properties and can be used as packaging and biomedical materials, etc. However, PVA burns easily and is prone to melt dropping, limiting its wider application. In this study, Cu₂O/Cs was prepared by coating chitosan (Cs) on the surface of cuprous oxide (Cu₂O), and mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and phytic acid (PA) to prepare PVA composites. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PVA composite with 8% (by weight) APP and 2% (by weight) Cu₂O/Cs as flame retardants was 30.6%, which was 50.7% higher than that of pure PVA. Compared with pure PVA, its composite peak heat release rate (pHRR) was significantly reduced by 81.1%, and its total heat release rate (THR) was also markedly reduced by 67.7%, while its time to ignition (TTI) was increased by 41 s. The main reasons were that the gas generated by APP decomposition during heating reduced the concentration of combustible gas, the generated phosphorus-containing substances promoted the dehydration and carbonization of PVA, and Cu₂O and chitosan (Cs) improved the compactness of the carbon layer. In particular, the incorporation of Cu₂O/Cs improved the mechanical properties of our PVA composites compared with those containing only APP and PA. In short, the combination of Cu₂O/Cs and phosphorus-based flame retardants improved the flame retardant performance of PVA at low additions while taking into account the mechanical properties. This is expected to expand the range of applications of PVA.

Graphical Abstract

聚乙烯醇（PVA）具有良好的成膜性和阻隔性，可用作包装材料和生物医学材料等。然而，聚乙烯醇易燃烧且易熔滴，限制了其更广泛的应用。本研究通过在氧化亚铜（Cu2O）表面包覆壳聚糖（Cs）制备了 Cu2O/Cs，并与聚磷酸铵（APP）和植酸（PA）混合制备了 PVA 复合材料。结果表明，以 8%（重量）APP 和 2%（重量）Cu2O/Cs 作为阻燃剂的 PVA 复合材料的极限氧指数（LOI）值为 30.6%，比纯 PVA 高 50.7%。与纯 PVA 相比，其复合材料的峰值放热率（pHRR）明显降低了 81.1%，总放热率（THR）也明显降低了 67.7%，而着火时间（TTI）则增加了 41 秒，主要原因是加热过程中 APP 分解产生的气体降低了可燃气体的浓度，产生的含磷物质促进了 PVA 的脱水和碳化，而 Cu2O 和壳聚糖（Cs）则提高了碳层的致密性。特别是，与仅含 APP 和 PA 的 PVA 复合材料相比，Cu2O/Cs 的加入改善了复合材料的机械性能。简而言之，Cu2O/Cs 与磷系阻燃剂的结合提高了 PVA 在低添加量下的阻燃性能，同时兼顾了机械性能。这有望扩大 PVA 的应用范围。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable hybrid nanoparticle reinforced low-density polyethylene: emerging materials for engineering applications 可持续混合纳米粒子增强低密度聚乙烯：工程应用的新兴材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01307-8

Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Mohammed Kayode Adebayo, Raphael Gboyega Adeyemo, Patricia Abimbola Popoola

Nanoparticles are materials that have diameter/dimension between 1 and 100 nm. The term also covers materials as high as 500 nm in diameter or length. Their emergence has given birth to a new set of nanocomposites with more promising properties than the conventional composites. Moreover, polyethylene products generate wastes. Their managements can create wealth and reduce dependence on the virgin polyethylene for green material productions. In this study, Delonix regia pod and eggshell hybrid nanoparticles, up to 12% (by wt), were incorporated into the low-density polyethylene. Properties of the developed hybrid nanocomposites were investigated and compared with those of the existing automobile dashboard cover material properties in literature. Results obtained from mechanical examinations show 332.77, 179.19, 807.32, 63.61, 4.33, 26.61 and 21.35% increases in tensile strength, percentage elongation, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural deflection, flexural energy absorbed and hardness, respectively; with consequent reductions in the flexural modulus and impact energy by respective 4.67 and 4.40% at 4% Delonix regia pod, 6% eggshell particles addition to the virgin low density polyethylene. Maximum impact energy of 25.09 J equal to 16.48% increase was noticed at 4% Delonix regia pod 4% eggshell particle addition to the recycled low-density polyethylene. Virgin low-density polyethylene containing 4% Delonix regia pod, 6% eggshell particles having greater tensile strength and impact energy than each of the existing materials for the automobile dashboard cover is confirmed suitable for both upper and lower layers of the dashboard cover. Hence, 4% Delonix regia pod 6% eggshell particles reinforced virgin low-density polyethylene has 28.39 ± 1.42 Nmm⁻² tensile strength; 1137.42 ± 15 Nmm⁻² tensile modulus; 6.24 ± 0.68% tensile elongation; 21.86 ± 0.9 J impact energy; 69.17 ± 3.51 VHN hardness value; 28.11 ± 0.84 Nmm⁻² flexural strength; 7.42 ± 0.8 flexural deformation; 314.41 ± 20.53 Nmm⁻² flexural modulus and 0.30 J flexural energy.

Graphical abstract

纳米粒子是指直径/尺寸在 1 到 100 纳米之间的材料。该术语还包括直径或长度高达 500 纳米的材料。它们的出现催生了一系列新的纳米复合材料，其性能比传统复合材料更有前途。此外，聚乙烯产品会产生废弃物。对其进行管理可以创造财富，减少绿色材料生产对原始聚乙烯的依赖。在这项研究中，德洛尼西娅豆荚和蛋壳杂化纳米粒子（重量比高达 12%）被加入到低密度聚乙烯中。研究了所开发的混合纳米复合材料的性能，并将其与文献中现有的汽车仪表板盖材料性能进行了比较。机械测试结果表明，在原始低密度聚乙烯中添加 4% 的雷公藤荚果和 6% 的蛋壳颗粒时，拉伸强度、伸长率百分比、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲挠度、弯曲能量吸收和硬度分别增加 332.77%、179.19%、807.32%、63.61%、4.33%、26.61% 和 21.35%；弯曲模量和冲击能量分别降低 4.67% 和 4.40%。在再生低密度聚乙烯中添加 4% 的王不留行豆荚和 4% 的蛋壳颗粒时，冲击能最大为 25.09 J，增加了 16.48%。含有 4% 的王不留行荚果和 6% 的蛋壳颗粒的原生低密度聚乙烯的拉伸强度和冲击能均高于现有的汽车仪表板盖材料，因此被证实适用于仪表板盖的上层和下层。因此，4% 德洛尼西娅荚果 6% 蛋壳颗粒增强的原生低密度聚乙烯具有 28.39 ± 1.42 Nmm-2 的拉伸强度；1137.42 ± 15 Nmm-2 的拉伸模量；6.24 ± 0.68% 的拉伸伸长率；21.86 ± 0.9 J冲击能；69.17 ± 3.51 VHN硬度值；28.11 ± 0.84 Nmm-2弯曲强度；7.42 ± 0.8弯曲变形；314.41 ± 20.53 Nmm-2弯曲模量和0.30 J弯曲能。

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引用次数: 0

Relaxation spectrum of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer 聚（苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-苯乙烯）三嵌段共聚物的松弛光谱

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01328-3

Hengyu Luo, Zihao Shang, Hui Han, Haiqing Hu

A relatively complete continuous relaxation spectrum H(τ) of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) two-phase system was divided into five regions based on the variation of H(τ) strength, which corresponded to: (1) glass transition of PI phase, (2) high elastic state of PI phase, (3) glass transition of PS phase, (4) high elastic state of PS phase, and (5) viscous flow state of the entire SIS molecular chain. Five regions only appeared in SIS1105, because the molecular of SIS1105 experienced glass transition of PI block, PS block, and viscous flow of the whole molecular chain. The stress relaxation of SIS was influenced by the S/I ratios, because the PS microdomains ultimately determined the relaxation characteristics. The stress relaxation of SIS system was also closely related to the viscous flow transition temperature (T_f). When the S/I ratio was low (15/85), forced stress relaxation occurred; when the S/I ratio was high (29/71 and 45/55), the SIS system did not show stress relaxation below the T_f. When the temperature was higher than the T_f, the S/I ratio did not affect the stress relaxation. The relaxation information obtained from the Cole–Cole diagram further verified the analysis of the continuous relaxation spectrum H(τ) and stress relaxation.

Graphical abstract

根据H(τ)强度的变化，将聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)(SIS)两相体系相对完整的连续弛豫谱H(τ)分为五个区域，分别对应于(1) PI 相的玻璃化转变；(2) PI 相的高弹性状态；(3) PS 相的玻璃化转变；(4) PS 相的高弹性状态；(5) 整个 SIS 分子链的粘性流动状态。仅在 SIS1105 中出现了五个区域，这是因为 SIS1105 的分子经历了 PI 块、PS 块的玻璃化转变和整个分子链的粘性流动。SIS 的应力松弛受 S/I 比的影响，因为 PS 微区最终决定了松弛特性。SIS 系统的应力松弛还与粘流转变温度（Tf）密切相关。当 S/I 比值较低时（15/85），会出现强迫应力松弛；当 S/I 比值较高时（29/71 和 45/55），SIS 系统在 Tf 以下不会出现应力松弛。当温度高于 Tf 时，S/I 比不影响应力松弛。从科尔-科尔图中获得的松弛信息进一步验证了对连续松弛谱 H(τ) 和应力松弛的分析。

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引用次数: 0

CdSe/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films for packaging: thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties 用于包装的 CdSe/聚乙烯醇纳米复合薄膜：热学、机械、光学和物理化学特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01320-x

Sandeep Singh, Sangeeta Garg, Amit D. Saran

CdSe nanostructures, well-investigated for their optical properties, have been evaluated here as functional fillers in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, for packaging applications. Polymer-nanocomposite films of PVA and CdSe nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanorods), were evaluated for their thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties. Microemulsion-synthesized CdSe were loaded in PVA films by solution casting method. CdSe-PVA films were prepared at varying morphology (spherical to rod-like) of CdSe, by controlling the reaction time (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) at 1% (by weight) loading. The effect of loading of CdSe was also studied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10% (by weight) for the reaction time of 4 h. CdSe nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The melting point and heat of fusion of CdSe-PVA films (for the reaction time of 4 h) exhibited the maximum values of 216.9 ± 0.73 °C and 6.78 ± 0.24 J/g, respectively, at 1% (by weight) of CdSe, as compared with 209.8 ± 0.52 °C and 3.76 ± 0.1 J/g for plain PVA film. The CdSe-PVA films with spherical CdSe showed the maximum enhancement of 118 and 87.4% for Young’s modulus (MPa) and modulus of toughness (MPa), respectively as compared with PVA films. With increasing load of CdSe, the CdSe-PVA films showed an increase in the two moduli with maximum enhancement of 124 and 57 at 10% (by weight) of CdSe, as compared with PVA films. The optical, colorimetric, chemical resistance, UV-hindrance, water content and antibacterial properties of CdSe-PVA films were also investigated.

Graphical abstract

碲化镉（CdSe）纳米结构的光学特性已得到充分研究，本研究将其作为聚乙烯醇（PVA）薄膜中的功能性填料，用于包装应用。对 PVA 和硒化镉纳米颗粒（纳米球和纳米棒）的聚合物纳米复合薄膜的热、机械、光学和物理化学性能进行了评估。通过溶液浇铸法将微乳液合成的碲化镉添加到 PVA 薄膜中。通过控制反应时间（0、2、4、6 和 8 小时），在 CdSe 的负载量为 1%（重量比）时，制备出不同形态（球形到棒状）的 CdSe-PVA 薄膜。通过高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）对硒化镉纳米粒子进行了表征。CdSe-PVA 薄膜的熔点和熔融热（反应时间为 4 小时）在 CdSe 含量为 1%（重量比）时分别达到最大值 216.9 ± 0.73 ℃ 和 6.78 ± 0.24 J/g，而普通 PVA 薄膜的熔点和熔融热分别为 209.8 ± 0.52 ℃ 和 3.76 ± 0.1 J/g。与 PVA 薄膜相比，含有球形 CdSe 的 CdSe-PVA 薄膜的杨氏模量（兆帕）和韧性模量（兆帕）分别提高了 118% 和 87.4%。随着 CdSe 负载的增加，CdSe-PVA 薄膜的两种模量都有所提高，与 PVA 薄膜相比，CdSe 含量达到 10%（重量比）时，两种模量分别提高了 124% 和 57%。此外，还研究了 CdSe-PVA 薄膜的光学、比色、耐化学性、紫外线阻碍、含水量和抗菌性能。

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引用次数: 0