Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第7页

Bio-based additive on the mechanical performance of polymeric composites 生物基添加剂对高分子复合材料力学性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01450-2

Thanate Ratanawilai, Jakkrapong Jitjamnong, Parinya Khongprom, Sukritthira Ratanawilai

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) have poor mechanical properties due to the incompatibility of hydrophilic wood fibers and hydrophobic thermoplastics, which results in weak adhesion at the interface. It is a significant barrier to the production of WPCs. Glycerol carbonate has the potential to improve the mechanical characteristics of WPCs. In this investigation, WPCs were meticulously developed using rubberwood flour (RWF) and recycled polypropylene (rPP). Bio-based additives, including glycerol, commercial glycerol carbonate, and synthesized glycerol carbonate, were incorporated into the study. The comprehensive analysis encompassed mechanical properties, including tensile and flexural strength, energy absorbed, water resistance, and hardness. The optimal composition was determined through a central composite design (CCD) methodology using Design-Expert software, resulting in a formulation consisting of 33.78% (by weight) RWF, 62.33% (by weight) rPP, and 3.89% (by weight) glycerol carbonate. Furthermore, the effects to modify the glycerol-to-glycerol carbonate ratio were examined, with increments of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (by weight) of the additive in WPC manufacturing being examined while keeping the additive content constant at 3.89% (by weight). The results were remarkable, as the inclusion of additive substantially enhanced the mechanical properties of WPCs by improving adhesion at the interface. Of particular significance was that 3.89% (by weight) only glycerol as an additive exhibited the highest energy absorbed, and it also exhibited the lowest water absorption levels. Notably, the addition of 3.89% (by weight) only glycerol carbonate led to a 2.3% increase in composite hardness compared to composites without any additives.

Graphical abstract

木塑复合材料由于亲水性木纤维与疏水性热塑性塑料的不相容性，导致界面附着力弱，力学性能差。这是wpc生产的一个重大障碍。碳酸甘油具有改善复合材料力学特性的潜力。在这项调查中，WPCs是精心开发使用橡胶木粉（RWF）和再生聚丙烯（rPP）。生物基添加剂，包括甘油、商业碳酸甘油和合成碳酸甘油，被纳入研究。综合分析包括力学性能，包括拉伸和弯曲强度，能量吸收，耐水性和硬度。采用design - expert软件，通过中心复合设计（CCD）方法确定了最佳配方，得到了RWF（重量比）33.78%、rPP（重量比）62.33%和碳酸甘油（重量比）3.89%的配方。此外，研究了改性甘油与碳酸甘油比的影响，在WPC制造中，添加剂的添加量分别为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%（重量比），同时保持添加剂含量恒定在3.89%（重量比）。结果是显著的，因为添加剂的加入通过改善界面的附着力大大提高了wpc的力学性能。特别值得注意的是，3.89%（重量比）的甘油作为添加剂，其吸能最高，吸水率最低。值得注意的是，与未添加任何添加剂的复合材料相比，仅添加3.89%（重量比）的碳酸甘油可使复合材料硬度提高2.3%。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste using a new co-catalytic system 新型共催化体系在聚对苯二甲酸乙酯废弃物化学回收中的应用

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01429-z

Tarek Salem, Mustafa Elshahat, A. A. Saafan, El-Refaie Kenawy

Glycolysis of various PET waste materials reduces environmental threats and recovers the starting raw materials, which in turn accelerates the process of rapid and selective depolymerization of PET waste. This chemical recycling process is crucial for the circular economy of plastic waste. The conversion of PET is carried out with two different types of alcoholysis solvents (ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol) in the presence of a new catalytic system (zinc acetate with dimethyl aniline as co-catalyst), aiming to maximize the conversion and degradation of PET waste for high-yield production of intermediate monomers. The recovered raw materials were used as precursors to prepare unsaturated polyester resins with maleic anhydride and styrene monomers as reactive diluents. In this study, two different grades of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste materials were depolymerized through glycolysis to produce bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) using ethylene glycol (EG) or bis (2(2-hydroxy ethoxy) ethyl) terephthalate (BHDET) using diethylene glycol (DEG). The effects of reaction temperature, amount of co-catalyst, glycolysis time, and glycol/PET ratio on the conversion of PET waste materials and the isolated yield of intermediate monomers BHET and BHDET were investigated. FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC, and mechanical testing were used to characterize the properties of the reaction products in each step. It was found that the glycolysis of PET waste in the presence of a co-catalytic system proceeded faster than the zinc acetate-catalyzed reaction, as well as the unsaturated polyester resins synthesis.

Graphical abstract

各种PET废料的糖酵解减少了对环境的威胁，回收了起始原料，从而加速了PET废料的快速、选择性解聚过程。这种化学回收过程对塑料废物的循环经济至关重要。在一种新的催化体系（醋酸锌与二甲基苯胺共催化剂）的存在下，用两种不同类型的醇解溶剂（乙二醇和二乙二醇）进行PET的转化，旨在最大限度地提高PET废物的转化和降解，以高产出中间单体。以回收的原料为前驱体，以马来酸酐和苯乙烯单体为反应稀释剂制备不饱和聚酯树脂。本研究利用乙二醇（EG）和二甘醇（DEG）对两种不同等级的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）废料进行糖解聚，分别制备了二（2（2-羟基乙氧基）乙基）对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（BHDET）和二（2（2-羟基乙氧基）乙基）对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（BHDET）。考察了反应温度、助催化剂用量、糖酵解时间、乙二醇/PET比等因素对PET废料转化率及中间单体BHET和BHDET分离收率的影响。采用FTIR、1H NMR、13C NMR、GPC、DSC、力学性能等方法对反应产物进行表征。研究发现，在共催化体系存在下，PET废弃物的糖酵解比醋酸锌催化的反应和不饱和聚酯树脂的合成都要快。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Tuning adhesion/cohesion properties of water-borne pressure-sensitive adhesives through rigid core–soft shell structured particles design: effect of amino resins cross-linkers type 通过刚性核-软壳结构颗粒设计调整水性压敏胶的粘接/内聚性能：氨基树脂交联剂类型的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01436-0

Hadi Babaie, Gholam Hossein Zohuri, Jaber Khanjani, Mehran Gholami

In the present research work, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) with hard core-soft shell structured latex particles was synthesized through semi-continuous emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylic acid (AA). Urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) were used to cross-link the core materials and the effects of type and weight percentage of the cross-linker were evaluated on the chemical, morphological, thermal, and adhesion properties of the resulting latexes. Chemical analysis verified that both UF and MF successfully cross-linked acrylate chains. Thermal analysis corroborated that both MF and UF slightly increased the glass transition temperature of the resulting latexes. Morphological observations confirmed that with increasing UF, the particles size continuously decreased, while with increasing MF, the particles size first increased and then decreased. Gel content increased with increasing UF and MF contents, however, this increase was more significant for MF. The evaluation of the adhesion properties confirmed that tackiness of the PSAs decreased continuously with increasing UF, however, the adhesion first increased and then decreased with increasing MF content. Peel strength firstly showed an increasing trend but then with increasing UF and MF amounts it revealed a decreasing trend. Shear strength was raised with increasing UF and MF contents, however, the increase was more pronounced for MF. Taking all together, MF cross-linker at 1 wt% relative to the total weight of the core monomers produced a PSA with the best equilibrium among tack, peel, and shear strength.

Graphical abstract

本研究以丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酸（BA）为原料，采用半连续乳液聚合法制备了硬核-软壳结构胶乳颗粒的压敏胶粘剂（PSA）。用脲醛（UF）和三聚氰胺甲醛（MF）对核心材料进行交联，并评价了交联剂的种类和重量百分比对所制乳胶的化学、形态、热学和粘附性能的影响。化学分析证实UF和MF都成功交联丙烯酸酯链。热分析证实，MF和UF都略微提高了所得乳胶的玻璃化转变温度。形态学观察证实，随着UF的增加，颗粒尺寸不断减小，而随着MF的增加，颗粒尺寸先增大后减小。凝胶含量随UF和MF含量的增加而增加，但MF含量的增加更为显著。黏附性能评价证实，随着UF的增加，psa的黏附性不断降低，而黏附性则随着MF含量的增加先升高后降低。随着UF和MF用量的增加，果皮强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。抗剪强度随UF和MF含量的增加而增加，但MF含量的增加更为明显。综上所述，相对于核心单体总重量1wt %的MF交联剂产生的PSA在粘性、剥离和剪切强度之间具有最佳平衡。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Glycolysis of decolored waste polyethylene terephthalate fabrics catalyzed by zinc oxide nanocrystals 氧化锌纳米晶催化脱色废聚对苯二甲酸乙酯织物的糖酵解

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01430-6

Jiawei Wang, Yanming Chen, Liang Li, Liyan Wang, Xin Qian

Chemical depolymerization and recycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers represent an optimal sustainable approach. However, the presence of dyes in the fibers and the use of conventional homogeneous catalysts may have a detrimental impact on the depolymerization products. In this investigation, solvent extraction was employed to meticulously remove dispersed dyes from waste PET fibers, serving as a crucial preparatory step for subsequent chemical depolymerization. This process was followed by the synthesis of spherical hexagonal Wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals through a meticulously refined solution chemical method, with careful consideration given to the potential impacts of surface modification and the alcohol-water ratio on the morphological attributes and particle size distribution of these nanocrystals. These ZnO nanocrystals were subsequently utilized as a pseudo-heterogeneous catalyst, catalyzing the glycolysis of decolorized waste PET fabrics. Systematic investigations were conducted to elucidate the intricate relationships between the morphologies, particle sizes, and concentrations of ZnO nanocrystals and their corresponding catalytic activities, leading to the identification of optimal reaction conditions through a series of conditional experiments. Under these optimized conditions, namely a catalyst concentration of 0.5% (by weight), a reaction temperature of 195 °C, and a duration of 30 min, a remarkable yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was achieved, reaching 82.07%, with a corresponding mass fraction of 97.62%.

Graphical abstract

化学解聚和回收废旧聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维是一种最佳的可持续方法。然而，纤维中染料的存在和传统均相催化剂的使用可能对解聚产物产生不利影响。在本研究中，采用溶剂萃取法从废弃PET纤维中细致地去除分散染料，这是后续化学解聚的关键准备步骤。在此过程中，通过精细的溶液化学方法合成了球形六方纤锌矿氧化锌（ZnO）纳米晶体，并仔细考虑了表面改性和醇水比对这些纳米晶体形态属性和粒径分布的潜在影响。这些ZnO纳米晶体随后被用作伪多相催化剂，催化脱色废PET织物的糖酵解。系统地研究了ZnO纳米晶的形态、粒径和浓度与其催化活性之间的复杂关系，并通过一系列条件实验确定了最佳反应条件。在催化剂浓度为0.5%（重量比）、反应温度为195℃、反应时间为30 min的优化条件下，对苯二甲酸二氢乙酯（BHET）的收率达到82.07%，质量分数为97.62%。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Study of electrical percolation of hybrid polyester nanocomposites with carbon black and carbon nanotubes 碳黑与碳纳米管杂化聚酯纳米复合材料的电渗透研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01441-3

Patrichk Giovani Fiore, Bruna Louise Silva, Luiz Antônio Ferreira Coelho

This work investigated the role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles in a polyester resin matrix. The objective was to develop nanocomposites that integrated these nanoparticles, aiming to overcome the electrical insulation of the resins and enabled the electrophoretic deposition of paint on metallic surfaces. Nanocomposites at different mass fractions (w/w) of CNTs and/or CB were prepared by means of in-situ high-energy sonication/polymerization. Several techniques were employed to characterize the nanocomposites, such as FTIR, FESEM, TEM, impedance spectroscopy, DSC, and nano-indentation. For the nanocomposites of polyester with carbon black, the studied compositions were 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 wt%, and for nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes, mixtures with compositions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% were prepared in both cases in w/w basis. According to the measurements, the percolation threshold was reached at 0.3 w/w% for CNTs and at 3.0% for carbon black. Before the percolation threshold, the glass transition temperature for both series of nanocomposites showed a depression and, after that, a recovery. A similar behavior was observed for Young’s modulus near the glass transition temperature. The simultaneous mixture of both nanomaterials resulted in significant synergy, increasing the electrical conductivity of the samples up to 100-fold compared to those samples having only carbon nanotubes. It was observed that carbon black nanoparticles filled the empty spaces between the carbon nanotubes, favoring the interactions among them and contributing to the improvement of the electrical properties.

Graphical abstract

本文研究了碳纳米管（CNTs）和炭黑（CB）纳米颗粒在聚酯树脂基体中的作用。目标是开发集成这些纳米颗粒的纳米复合材料，旨在克服树脂的电绝缘性，并使涂料能够在金属表面电泳沉积。采用原位高能超声/聚合法制备了不同质量分数（w/w）的CNTs和/或CB纳米复合材料。采用FTIR、FESEM、TEM、阻抗谱、DSC和纳米压痕等技术对纳米复合材料进行了表征。对于聚酯与炭黑的纳米复合材料，所研究的成分分别为1.5、3.0、5.0、6.0和7.0 wt%，对于碳纳米管的纳米复合材料，以w/w为基础制备了成分分别为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 wt%的混合物。根据测量，碳纳米管的渗透阈值为0.3 w/w%，炭黑的渗透阈值为3.0%。在渗透阈值之前，两种纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度均呈下降趋势，在此之后，玻璃化转变温度又有所回升。在玻璃化转变温度附近，杨氏模量也有类似的变化。两种纳米材料的同时混合产生了显著的协同作用，与只有碳纳米管的样品相比，样品的电导率提高了100倍。研究发现，炭黑纳米粒子填充了碳纳米管之间的空隙，有利于碳纳米管之间的相互作用，有助于提高碳纳米管的电性能。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Microencapsulation of laurel essential oil with chitosan for enhanced durability and antimicrobial properties of leather footbeds 月桂精油与壳聚糖的微胶囊化，以提高皮革脚床的耐久性和抗菌性能

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01417-3

Assel Baidildayeva, Gizem Ceylan Türkoğlu, Mustafa Ökeer, Bayri Eraç, Hüseyin Ata Karavana

This work aimed to produce microparticles (MPs) containing laurel essential oil using the spray drying method, optimize the spray drying process, and evaluate the antimicrobial properties and potential application of these microparticles on leather footbeds. Laurel essential oil (LEO) was preferred due to its high antimicrobial potential and was microencapsulated with chitosan using the spray drying method. Microparticles were applied to leather according to two different methods, i.e., dip-coating and spraying. SEM micrographs showed that all the microparticles had round shape, smooth surfaces, and narrow particle-size distribution attributed to the pre-emulsification process. Among all, formulation L₅ (1:1 (w/w) chitosan: LEO with 20% surfactant) exhibited superior features, including a 12 µm D_50% particle size, a narrower particle-size distribution, and a higher production yield (33%) compared to other formulations of microparticles. The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release studies of the microparticles indicated that L₅ microparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of 90%, with the release of LEO increasing over time, gradually. Microbiological tests on footbeds revealed that, among all the examined microorganisms, dip-coating samples with LEO exhibited the most potent activity against Candida albicans. In flex resistance tests, it produced zones of 12 + 13 mm, and in dry and wet rubbing tests, it demonstrated zones of 12 + 10 mm. This indicated a high efficacy even after substantial use of the leather footbeds. The work concluded that the developed microparticles were effective for antimicrobial applications on leather footbeds, particularly against Candida albicans.

Graphical abstract

本研究旨在利用喷雾干燥法制备含有月桂精油的微颗粒（MPs），优化喷雾干燥工艺，并评价这些微颗粒的抗菌性能及其在真皮脚床上的潜在应用。以月桂精油（LEO）为研究对象，采用喷雾干燥法对其进行微胶囊化处理。采用浸涂和喷涂两种不同的方法对皮革进行了微颗粒喷涂。SEM显微图显示，所有的微颗粒都具有圆形，表面光滑，颗粒尺寸分布窄的特点，这是预乳化过程的结果。其中，配方L5 （1:1 （w/w）壳聚糖：低聚糖，表面活性剂比例为20%）的粒径为12µm，粒径分布更窄，产率更高（33%）。微颗粒的包封率和体外释放研究表明，L5微颗粒的包封率高达90%，且LEO的释放量随时间逐渐增加。对脚床的微生物学测试表明，在所有检测的微生物中，含有LEO的浸涂样品对白色念珠菌表现出最有效的活性。在抗弯曲测试中，它产生了12 + 13毫米的区域，在干湿摩擦测试中，它显示了12 + 10毫米的区域。这表明，即使在大量使用皮革脚床后，也有很高的功效。研究得出结论，开发的微颗粒对皮革脚床的抗菌应用是有效的，特别是对白色念珠菌。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanofibrous membranes as intra-abdominal adhesion barriers 基于多糖的纳米纤维膜作为腹腔内粘连屏障的评价

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01440-4

Serife Safak, Rabia Gozde Ozalp, Nesrin Ugras, Gulbahar Saat, Esra Karaca

The study aims to produce nanofibrous membranes from polysaccharide-based polymers as novel surgical adhesion barriers and to test the clinical efficiency of developed nanofibrous anti-adhesive barriers in vivo conditions. The anti-adhesive effects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes made of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose (HA/CMC) and hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate (HA/NaAlg) were investigated in comparison with a commercial adhesion barrier. HA/CMC and HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning, followed by cross-linking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/NHS). The effects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes on the formation of adhesion, fibrosis, inflammation, and neovascularization post-operation were evaluated in a rat model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the beadless and continuous nanofibers were produced for both membranes. The groups that used HA/CMC and HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membranes were not statistically different in macroscopic adhesion formation, fibrosis, and inflammation (P > 0.05), except for in neovascularization (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membrane was distinctly decreased inflammation, fibrosis and neovascularization and, was statistically different in all parameters except for fibrosis, compared with Seprafilm and control groups. The results suggested that electrospun nanofibrous membranes were more effective in preventing the adhesion process than the commercial product. It was emphasized that the mesh material frequently used in abdominal surgery causes severe adhesion and as a result there is a need to use nanofibrous adhesion barrier.

Graphical Abstract

本研究旨在利用基于多糖的聚合物制备纳米纤维膜作为新型手术粘附屏障，并在体内条件下测试所开发的纳米纤维抗粘附屏障的临床效果。研究了透明质酸/羧甲基纤维素（HA/CMC）和透明质酸/海藻酸钠（HA/NaAlg）静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的抗粘接性能，并与商用粘接屏障进行了比较。采用静电纺丝法制备HA/CMC和HA/NaAlg纳米纤维膜，并与1-乙基-3-（3-二甲氨基丙基）盐酸碳二亚胺/ n -羟基磺基琥珀酰亚胺（EDC/NHS）交联。在大鼠模型中评估电纺纳米纤维膜对术后粘连、纤维化、炎症和新生血管形成的影响。扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）图像显示，两种膜均制备出无头连续的纳米纤维。使用HA/CMC和HA/NaAlg纳米纤维膜组在宏观粘连形成、纤维化和炎症方面差异无统计学意义（P < 0.05），但新生血管方面差异无统计学意义（P < 0.05）。另一方面，HA/NaAlg纳米纤维膜明显减少炎症、纤维化和新生血管，除纤维化外，其他参数与sepilfilm和对照组相比均有统计学差异。结果表明，静电纺丝纳米纤维膜在防止黏附过程中比工业产品更有效。强调在腹部手术中经常使用的网状材料会导致严重的粘连，因此需要使用纳米纤维粘连屏障。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Bioactive chitosan sulfonamide hydrogels and nanohydrogels: design, synthesis and characterization 生物活性壳聚糖磺酰胺水凝胶和纳米水凝胶：设计、合成和表征

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01433-3

Nadia G. Kandile, Shimaa Kh Farouk, Howida T. Zaky, Abir S. Nasr

Chitosan is a versatile polysaccharide that can be modified to enhance its properties for diverse biomedical applications. Sulfonamide derivatives can be utilized in the development of drugs and bioactive compounds. In this study, chitosan was modified with diphenyl sulfone 3,3'-disulfonyl chloride to produce hydrogel Cs-DPS -I, along with its analogs nanohydrogel NCs-DPS-III. Furthermore, in the presence of glutaraldehyde, hydrogel Cs-DPS-G-II, and its corresponding nanohydroge l NCs-DPS-G-IV were synthesized through Schiff-base formation. The chemical structure, composition, and morphology of the hydrogels and nanohydrogels were evidenced by different techniques. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels and nanohydrogels was studied under various pH values (3.0, 7.0 and10.0) and temperatures (25, 40, 60 and 80 °C). Furthermore, the loading efficiency, capacity and release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) onto the hydrogels and nanohydrogels were assessed. Among the tested hydrogels, Cs-DPS-I displayed the most promising results in terms of drug-loading efficiency and capacity for 5-FU that reached 83.8% and 172.8 mg/g, respectively. The prepared hydrogel Cs-DPS-I-Alg exhibited the highest drug-release rate at pH 1.2, which reached 85.54%. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of newly synthesized hydrogels and nanohydrogels was evaluated against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and selected fungi. The hydrogel Cs-DPS-G-II demonstrated superior inhibitory activity toward the examined bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (22), Bacillus subtilis (21), Escherichia coli (16) and proteus (19). Also, it exhibited the most significant effect against the tested fungi, Aspergillus (22) and Candida (24). These findings demonstrated that modifying chitosan with diphenyl sulfone 3,3`-disulfonyl chloride enhances its biologic potency.

Graphical abstract

壳聚糖是一种多用途的多糖，可以通过改性来增强其在各种生物医学应用中的性能。磺胺衍生物可用于药物和生物活性化合物的开发。在本研究中，用二苯砜3,3'-二磺酰氯对壳聚糖进行改性，制备了水凝胶Cs-DPS- 1及其类似物纳米水凝胶Cs-DPS- iii。在戊二醛存在下，通过席夫碱生成法合成了水凝胶Cs-DPS-G-II及其相应的纳米氢cs - dps - g - iv。用不同的技术对水凝胶和纳米水凝胶的化学结构、组成和形态进行了表征。研究了水凝胶和纳米水凝胶在不同pH值（3.0、7.0和10.0）和温度（25、40、60和80℃）下的溶胀行为。此外，还考察了5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）在水凝胶和纳米水凝胶上的负载效率、容量和释放量。其中，Cs-DPS-I的载药效率和5-FU的载药量最高，分别达到83.8%和172.8 mg/g。制备的水凝胶Cs-DPS-I-Alg在pH为1.2时释药率最高，达到85.54%。此外，新合成的水凝胶和纳米水凝胶对一系列革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和选定真菌的抗菌效果进行了评估。水凝胶Cs-DPS-G-II对所检测的细菌菌株，包括金黄色葡萄球菌（22）、枯草芽孢杆菌（21）、大肠杆菌（16）和变形杆菌（19）表现出优异的抑制活性。此外，它对测试真菌曲霉（22）和念珠菌（24）的效果最为显著。这些结果表明，用二苯砜3,3′-二磺酰氯修饰壳聚糖可以提高壳聚糖的生物效力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Paradigm shift in orthopedic implants from metals to polymers 骨科植入物从金属到聚合物的范式转变

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01438-y

Muhammad Atif, Sana Shoukat, Muhammad Imran, Musinguzi Alex

The creation of highly biocompatible advanced materials for use in orthopedics has long been a goal. Because of this need, orthopedic implants have progressed from metals to polymeric composites. Ancient orthopedic implants were mostly metals, but in the present age, advanced new materials in orthopedic surgery and prostheses have broadened the available options. Alternative forms of treatment are becoming increasingly possible with the upgrade of mechanical properties and improved quality of materials. The mechanical performance of advanced material is rationalized including tensile and flexural strength, elastic modulus, and wear resistance to assess their suitability for orthopedic applications. In recent eras, the novelty in research includes the use of reinforced polymer-based composite due to mechanical strength and stress shielding close to real human bone. Also, a comparative analysis of natural and synthetic reinforcement in composites proves that the former is biocompatible, eco-friendly, and economically cost-effective. The bioactivity of composites can be improved by surface modification with bio-coating to promote enhanced biomedical performance. This literature review contains data on different types of materials for prosthetic devices. It outlines mechanical and biological factors favoring material selection, particularly epoxy, for improved physiological functions of the human body, along with economic considerations influencing orthopedic surgery.

Graphical abstract

创造高度生物相容性的先进材料用于骨科一直是一个目标。由于这种需求，骨科植入物已经从金属发展到聚合物复合材料。古代的骨科植入物主要是金属，但在当今时代，骨科手术和假体中先进的新材料扩大了可用的选择。随着机械性能的提高和材料质量的提高，其他形式的处理变得越来越可能。先进材料的机械性能是合理的，包括拉伸和弯曲强度，弹性模量和耐磨性，以评估其在骨科应用中的适用性。近年来，研究中的新颖性包括使用增强聚合物基复合材料，因为它的机械强度和应力屏蔽接近真正的人骨。此外，对复合材料中天然和合成增强材料的对比分析证明，前者具有生物相容性、生态友好性和经济效益。利用生物涂层对复合材料进行表面改性，可以提高复合材料的生物活性，从而提高生物医学性能。这篇文献综述包含了不同类型的假体装置材料的数据。它概述了有利于材料选择的机械和生物因素，特别是环氧树脂，以改善人体的生理功能，以及影响骨科手术的经济考虑。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Influences of basalt fiber position and addition on the mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors of steel mesh/flax/basalt fiber metal laminates 玄武岩纤维位置和添加量对钢网/亚麻/玄武岩纤维金属层合板力学和粘弹性的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01437-z

Arunkumar Karuppasamy, Ramraji Kirubakaran, Venkatachalam Gopalan, Rajesh Munusamy, Karthik Krishnasamy

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are structures created by strategically integrating fiber-reinforced composites between thin layers of metal sheets or wire mesh, resulting in enhanced structural strength and performance. This present study on FMLs of stacking layering arrangement (SLA) (woven stainless-steel wire mesh intertwined with woven flax/basalt fiber) is developed using the hand lay-up molding. The properties of the FMLs, including mechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis, are studied. The stacking layering arrangement of the FMLs includes basalt and flax layers. The mechanical strengths (tensile and flexural) of the FMLs are higher when the basalt layers are on the outside positions. The alternative layer of FML peculiarly skin basalt fiber is effective in holding stress due to its high-strength properties, which positively transmit stress to the other layers. A hybrid SLA intertwined composite made of maximum basalt fiber as well as basalt as a skin layer shows high viscoelastic properties such as storage and loss moduli. The BFBWBFB (13.174 GPa) intertwined composite shows the largest improvement in storage modulus value up 30.46% compared to F2BW2BF (10.098 GPa), and is improved by 7.709% compared to the twin basalt skin 2BFWF2B composite. An increase in the tan delta value is observed in the 3FW3F stacking design. This is due to the absence of stiffness and internal energy dissipation in most bio-natural fiber layers. After attaining the T_g level, the damping values decrease for all SLA polymer FMLs, due to the free motion of the polymer chains at higher temperatures.

Graphical abstract

金属纤维层压板（FMLs）是通过在薄层金属板或金属丝网之间战略性地整合纤维增强复合材料而形成的结构，从而增强了结构强度和性能。本文采用手工叠层成型的方法，研究了编织不锈钢丝网与编织亚麻/玄武岩纤维的叠层排列。对FMLs的力学性能和动力力学性能进行了研究。FMLs的叠层排列包括玄武岩层和亚麻层。当玄武岩层在外围位置时，fml的机械强度（拉伸和弯曲）较高。FML特殊表皮玄武岩纤维的替代层由于其高强度特性而有效地保持应力，这积极地将应力传递给其他层。以玄武岩纤维和玄武岩为皮层制成的混合SLA缠绕复合材料具有较高的粘弹性，如存储模量和损耗模量。与F2BW2BF （10.098 GPa）相比，BFBWBFB缠绕复合材料（13.174 GPa）的存储模量提高了30.46%，与双玄武岩蒙皮2BFWF2B复合材料相比，提高了7.709%。在3FW3F堆叠设计中观察到tan δ值的增加。这是由于在大多数生物天然纤维层中缺乏刚度和内部能量耗散。在达到Tg水平后，由于聚合物链在较高温度下的自由运动，所有SLA聚合物FMLs的阻尼值都降低了。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0