Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第7页

Sustainable hybrid nanoparticle reinforced low-density polyethylene: emerging materials for engineering applications 可持续混合纳米粒子增强低密度聚乙烯：工程应用的新兴材料

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01307-8

Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Mohammed Kayode Adebayo, Raphael Gboyega Adeyemo, Patricia Abimbola Popoola

Nanoparticles are materials that have diameter/dimension between 1 and 100 nm. The term also covers materials as high as 500 nm in diameter or length. Their emergence has given birth to a new set of nanocomposites with more promising properties than the conventional composites. Moreover, polyethylene products generate wastes. Their managements can create wealth and reduce dependence on the virgin polyethylene for green material productions. In this study, Delonix regia pod and eggshell hybrid nanoparticles, up to 12% (by wt), were incorporated into the low-density polyethylene. Properties of the developed hybrid nanocomposites were investigated and compared with those of the existing automobile dashboard cover material properties in literature. Results obtained from mechanical examinations show 332.77, 179.19, 807.32, 63.61, 4.33, 26.61 and 21.35% increases in tensile strength, percentage elongation, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural deflection, flexural energy absorbed and hardness, respectively; with consequent reductions in the flexural modulus and impact energy by respective 4.67 and 4.40% at 4% Delonix regia pod, 6% eggshell particles addition to the virgin low density polyethylene. Maximum impact energy of 25.09 J equal to 16.48% increase was noticed at 4% Delonix regia pod 4% eggshell particle addition to the recycled low-density polyethylene. Virgin low-density polyethylene containing 4% Delonix regia pod, 6% eggshell particles having greater tensile strength and impact energy than each of the existing materials for the automobile dashboard cover is confirmed suitable for both upper and lower layers of the dashboard cover. Hence, 4% Delonix regia pod 6% eggshell particles reinforced virgin low-density polyethylene has 28.39 ± 1.42 Nmm⁻² tensile strength; 1137.42 ± 15 Nmm⁻² tensile modulus; 6.24 ± 0.68% tensile elongation; 21.86 ± 0.9 J impact energy; 69.17 ± 3.51 VHN hardness value; 28.11 ± 0.84 Nmm⁻² flexural strength; 7.42 ± 0.8 flexural deformation; 314.41 ± 20.53 Nmm⁻² flexural modulus and 0.30 J flexural energy.

Graphical abstract

纳米粒子是指直径/尺寸在 1 到 100 纳米之间的材料。该术语还包括直径或长度高达 500 纳米的材料。它们的出现催生了一系列新的纳米复合材料，其性能比传统复合材料更有前途。此外，聚乙烯产品会产生废弃物。对其进行管理可以创造财富，减少绿色材料生产对原始聚乙烯的依赖。在这项研究中，德洛尼西娅豆荚和蛋壳杂化纳米粒子（重量比高达 12%）被加入到低密度聚乙烯中。研究了所开发的混合纳米复合材料的性能，并将其与文献中现有的汽车仪表板盖材料性能进行了比较。机械测试结果表明，在原始低密度聚乙烯中添加 4% 的雷公藤荚果和 6% 的蛋壳颗粒时，拉伸强度、伸长率百分比、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲挠度、弯曲能量吸收和硬度分别增加 332.77%、179.19%、807.32%、63.61%、4.33%、26.61% 和 21.35%；弯曲模量和冲击能量分别降低 4.67% 和 4.40%。在再生低密度聚乙烯中添加 4% 的王不留行豆荚和 4% 的蛋壳颗粒时，冲击能最大为 25.09 J，增加了 16.48%。含有 4% 的王不留行荚果和 6% 的蛋壳颗粒的原生低密度聚乙烯的拉伸强度和冲击能均高于现有的汽车仪表板盖材料，因此被证实适用于仪表板盖的上层和下层。因此，4% 德洛尼西娅荚果 6% 蛋壳颗粒增强的原生低密度聚乙烯具有 28.39 ± 1.42 Nmm-2 的拉伸强度；1137.42 ± 15 Nmm-2 的拉伸模量；6.24 ± 0.68% 的拉伸伸长率；21.86 ± 0.9 J冲击能；69.17 ± 3.51 VHN硬度值；28.11 ± 0.84 Nmm-2弯曲强度；7.42 ± 0.8弯曲变形；314.41 ± 20.53 Nmm-2弯曲模量和0.30 J弯曲能。

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引用次数: 0

Relaxation spectrum of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer 聚（苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-苯乙烯）三嵌段共聚物的松弛光谱

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01328-3

Hengyu Luo, Zihao Shang, Hui Han, Haiqing Hu

A relatively complete continuous relaxation spectrum H(τ) of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) two-phase system was divided into five regions based on the variation of H(τ) strength, which corresponded to: (1) glass transition of PI phase, (2) high elastic state of PI phase, (3) glass transition of PS phase, (4) high elastic state of PS phase, and (5) viscous flow state of the entire SIS molecular chain. Five regions only appeared in SIS1105, because the molecular of SIS1105 experienced glass transition of PI block, PS block, and viscous flow of the whole molecular chain. The stress relaxation of SIS was influenced by the S/I ratios, because the PS microdomains ultimately determined the relaxation characteristics. The stress relaxation of SIS system was also closely related to the viscous flow transition temperature (T_f). When the S/I ratio was low (15/85), forced stress relaxation occurred; when the S/I ratio was high (29/71 and 45/55), the SIS system did not show stress relaxation below the T_f. When the temperature was higher than the T_f, the S/I ratio did not affect the stress relaxation. The relaxation information obtained from the Cole–Cole diagram further verified the analysis of the continuous relaxation spectrum H(τ) and stress relaxation.

Graphical abstract

根据H(τ)强度的变化，将聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)(SIS)两相体系相对完整的连续弛豫谱H(τ)分为五个区域，分别对应于(1) PI 相的玻璃化转变；(2) PI 相的高弹性状态；(3) PS 相的玻璃化转变；(4) PS 相的高弹性状态；(5) 整个 SIS 分子链的粘性流动状态。仅在 SIS1105 中出现了五个区域，这是因为 SIS1105 的分子经历了 PI 块、PS 块的玻璃化转变和整个分子链的粘性流动。SIS 的应力松弛受 S/I 比的影响，因为 PS 微区最终决定了松弛特性。SIS 系统的应力松弛还与粘流转变温度（Tf）密切相关。当 S/I 比值较低时（15/85），会出现强迫应力松弛；当 S/I 比值较高时（29/71 和 45/55），SIS 系统在 Tf 以下不会出现应力松弛。当温度高于 Tf 时，S/I 比不影响应力松弛。从科尔-科尔图中获得的松弛信息进一步验证了对连续松弛谱 H(τ) 和应力松弛的分析。

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引用次数: 0

CdSe/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films for packaging: thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties 用于包装的 CdSe/聚乙烯醇纳米复合薄膜：热学、机械、光学和物理化学特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01320-x

Sandeep Singh, Sangeeta Garg, Amit D. Saran

CdSe nanostructures, well-investigated for their optical properties, have been evaluated here as functional fillers in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, for packaging applications. Polymer-nanocomposite films of PVA and CdSe nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanorods), were evaluated for their thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties. Microemulsion-synthesized CdSe were loaded in PVA films by solution casting method. CdSe-PVA films were prepared at varying morphology (spherical to rod-like) of CdSe, by controlling the reaction time (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) at 1% (by weight) loading. The effect of loading of CdSe was also studied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10% (by weight) for the reaction time of 4 h. CdSe nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The melting point and heat of fusion of CdSe-PVA films (for the reaction time of 4 h) exhibited the maximum values of 216.9 ± 0.73 °C and 6.78 ± 0.24 J/g, respectively, at 1% (by weight) of CdSe, as compared with 209.8 ± 0.52 °C and 3.76 ± 0.1 J/g for plain PVA film. The CdSe-PVA films with spherical CdSe showed the maximum enhancement of 118 and 87.4% for Young’s modulus (MPa) and modulus of toughness (MPa), respectively as compared with PVA films. With increasing load of CdSe, the CdSe-PVA films showed an increase in the two moduli with maximum enhancement of 124 and 57 at 10% (by weight) of CdSe, as compared with PVA films. The optical, colorimetric, chemical resistance, UV-hindrance, water content and antibacterial properties of CdSe-PVA films were also investigated.

Graphical abstract

碲化镉（CdSe）纳米结构的光学特性已得到充分研究，本研究将其作为聚乙烯醇（PVA）薄膜中的功能性填料，用于包装应用。对 PVA 和硒化镉纳米颗粒（纳米球和纳米棒）的聚合物纳米复合薄膜的热、机械、光学和物理化学性能进行了评估。通过溶液浇铸法将微乳液合成的碲化镉添加到 PVA 薄膜中。通过控制反应时间（0、2、4、6 和 8 小时），在 CdSe 的负载量为 1%（重量比）时，制备出不同形态（球形到棒状）的 CdSe-PVA 薄膜。通过高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）和 X 射线衍射仪（XRD）对硒化镉纳米粒子进行了表征。CdSe-PVA 薄膜的熔点和熔融热（反应时间为 4 小时）在 CdSe 含量为 1%（重量比）时分别达到最大值 216.9 ± 0.73 ℃ 和 6.78 ± 0.24 J/g，而普通 PVA 薄膜的熔点和熔融热分别为 209.8 ± 0.52 ℃ 和 3.76 ± 0.1 J/g。与 PVA 薄膜相比，含有球形 CdSe 的 CdSe-PVA 薄膜的杨氏模量（兆帕）和韧性模量（兆帕）分别提高了 118% 和 87.4%。随着 CdSe 负载的增加，CdSe-PVA 薄膜的两种模量都有所提高，与 PVA 薄膜相比，CdSe 含量达到 10%（重量比）时，两种模量分别提高了 124% 和 57%。此外，还研究了 CdSe-PVA 薄膜的光学、比色、耐化学性、紫外线阻碍、含水量和抗菌性能。

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引用次数: 0

CO2 separation performance and thermo-mechanical characteristics of mixed matrix membranes composed of polyvinylidene fluoride/hyperbranched polyethylenimine embedded with zinc oxide/graphene oxide filler 由嵌入氧化锌/氧化石墨烯填料的聚偏氟乙烯/超支化聚乙烯亚胺组成的混合基质膜的二氧化碳分离性能和热机械特性

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01321-w

Muhammad Waqas Ahmad, Sana Sahar Shiekh, Aneela Sabir, Rafi Ullah Khan

Herein, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) blend matrix was infused with graphene oxide–zinc oxide (GO–ZnO) filler to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These membranes were investigated by dynamic mechanical–thermal analysis (DMTA), single and binary gas (CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄) experiments and for anti-plasticization performance. Varying loading fractions [0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% (by weight)] of as-synthesised GO–ZnO filler were incorporated into the blend matrix (PVDF/HPEI). Utmost consideration was provided to understand the microstructure of MMMs through DMTA and its influence on gas separation performance. Single gas testing revealed that MMMs exhibited ~ 82% improved CO₂ permeability as compared to the control membrane, at 0.5% (by weight) GO–ZnO filler loading. During binary gas experiments, CO₂ permeability increased by 79%, whereas CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity was enhanced by 136% and 142%, respectively. The highly CO₂-phillic amine moieties of HPEI and the polar oxygen-containing moieties on GO sheets augmented the CO₂ diffusivity and sorption. Amongst various membranes, MMMs loaded with 0.5% (by weight) GO–ZnO tested at various pressures (4, 6, 8 and 10 bars) demonstrated the highest inhibitory effect on the CO₂-induced plasticization. DMTA suggested that GO–ZnO created a robust interfacial adhesion with PVDF/HPEI, forming a rigid microstructure that was propitious in resisting pressure-induced plasticization. With a significant boost in thermo-mechanical attributes and CO₂ separation efficiency, GO–ZnO-loaded MMMs suggest intriguing prospects in CO₂ separation applications.

Graphical abstract

在本文中，聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）/超支化聚乙烯亚胺（HPEI）共混基质注入了氧化石墨烯-氧化锌（GO-ZnO）填料，以制造混合基质膜（MMMs）。这些膜通过动态机械热分析（DMTA）、单一和二元气体（CO2/N2 和 CO2/CH4）实验以及抗塑化性能进行了研究。在混合基质（PVDF/HPEI）中加入了不同负载分数[0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和 0.7%（重量比）]的合成 GO-ZnO 填料。研究人员通过 DMTA 对 MMM 的微观结构及其对气体分离性能的影响进行了深入研究。单气体测试表明，与对照膜相比，当 GO-ZnO 填料含量为 0.5%（重量百分比）时，MMM 的二氧化碳渗透率提高了约 82%。在二元气体实验中，二氧化碳渗透性提高了 79%，而 CO2/N2 和 CO2/CH4 选择性分别提高了 136% 和 142%。HPEI 的高二氧化碳illic胺分子和 GO 片上的极性含氧分子提高了二氧化碳的扩散性和吸附性。在各种膜中，在不同压力（4、6、8 和 10 巴）下测试的负载了 0.5%（按重量计）GO-ZnO 的 MMM 对二氧化碳诱导的塑化具有最高的抑制作用。DMTA 表明，GO-ZnO 与 PVDF/HPEI 形成了强大的界面粘附力，形成了刚性微结构，有利于抵抗压力引起的塑化。随着热机械属性和二氧化碳分离效率的显著提高，GO-ZnO负载的MMMs在二氧化碳分离应用中展现出了引人入胜的前景。图文摘要

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the impact of epoxy Borassus flabellifer fiber-based composites for UAV landing gear 研究环氧 Borassus flabellifer 纤维基复合材料对无人机起落架的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01323-8

Tamilselvan Ganesan, Niresh Jayarajan, Devi Ramachandran

This study assesses the impact of raw and alkali-treated Borassus Flabellifer (BF) fibers in an epoxy composite. It examines mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and impact resistance to gauge load-bearing capacity and resilience to sudden forces in “unmanned aerial vehicle” (UAV) landing gear. Attenuated total reflectance for Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) were taken to confirm the composition of fiber before and after alkali treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis probes the composite microstructure, shedding light on fiber-matrix interaction and overall morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) offers insights into elemental composition, aiding comprehension of element distribution and fiber-epoxy matrix interplay. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal stability of the prepared epoxy composites. Water absorption properties are evaluated to gauge resistance to moisture, vital for durability in humid or wet conditions. These findings provide vital data on mechanical properties, SEM microstructure, EDX elemental composition, and water absorption for UAV landing gear applications. The comprehensive investigation of deformation results indicated that Borassus Flabellifer (BF) composite performed exceptionally well for UAV landing gear applications, surpassing banana/epoxy, sisel/epoxy, and coir/epoxy composites. With a landing gear deformation of 1.50 mm under 100 N load, these outcomes underscore the potential for enhancing sustainability in UAV designs. The findings of this study can pave the way for the development of more environmentally friendly and sustainable UAVs to address the critical needs of the rapidly growing UAV industry.

Graphical abstract

本研究评估了环氧树脂复合材料中未加工和碱处理过的 Borassus Flabellifer (BF) 纤维的影响。研究考察了拉伸强度、伸长率和抗冲击性等机械性能，以衡量 "无人驾驶飞行器"（UAV）起落架的承载能力和对突发力的适应能力。傅立叶变换红外衰减全反射（ATR-FTIR）用于确认碱处理前后纤维的成分。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析探测了复合材料的微观结构，揭示了纤维与基体之间的相互作用和整体形态。能量色散 X 射线分析（EDX）可深入了解元素组成，有助于理解元素分布和纤维-环氧基质之间的相互作用。热重分析（TGA）显示了所制备环氧树脂复合材料的热稳定性。对吸水性能进行了评估，以衡量耐湿性，这对于在潮湿条件下的耐用性至关重要。这些研究结果为无人机起落架应用提供了有关机械性能、扫描电子显微镜显微结构、EDX 元素组成和吸水性的重要数据。对变形结果的综合研究表明，Borassus Flabellifer (BF) 复合材料在无人机起落架应用中表现优异，超过了香蕉/环氧、菱形/环氧和椰壳/环氧复合材料。在 100 N 负载下，起落架的变形量为 1.50 mm，这些结果凸显了增强无人机设计可持续性的潜力。本研究的结果可为开发更环保、更可持续的无人机铺平道路，以满足快速增长的无人机行业的关键需求。

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引用次数: 0

Hybridization of woven kenaf and unidirectional glass fibre roving for unsaturated polyester composite 用于不饱和聚酯复合材料的槿麻和单向玻璃纤维无捻粗纱杂交技术

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01319-4

Thinesh Sharma Balakrishnan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Farah Syazwani Shahar, Suhas Yeshwant Nayak, Ain Umaira Md Shah, Tamer Ali Sebaey, Adi Azriff Basri

This is a study on the mechanical properties of kenaf/glass-reinforced polyester composites intended for use in structural profiles with a wall thickness by max. 6 mm. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, bending and interlaminar shear stress were investigated by comparing the hybrid variants with the pure fibreglass variant. According to the study, woven kenaf/unidirectional glass roving (WK/UG) alternate recorded the highest tensile properties among hybrid samples. It demonstrated a decrement of about 8.2% of the tensile strength (404.54 MPa) and 10.7% of tensile modulus (24.54 GPa) compared to conventional fibreglass samples. Alternating WK/UG samples demonstrated higher compressive strength (417.15 MPa) compared to other hybrid specimens, recording a slight decrease at 6.09% compared to pure fibreglass composites. The highest bending properties were also observed in hybrid alternate WK/UG samples among other hybrid laminates with only a decrement of 4.13% in modulus of rupture (456.33 MPa) and 1.9% in modulus of elasticity (14.49 GPa) when compared to the control specimen. The ILSS of hybrid composites 2WK/3UG/2WK (30.97 MPa) and WK/UG alternate (34.90 MPa) showed good agreement with the pure fibreglass (42.33 MPa) composites. Using SEM images, tensile fractured specimens were examined to comprehend composites’ failure mechanism and interfacial adhesion. Overall, woven kenaf/unidirectional glass roving alternate sequence is chosen as a potential alternative in developing structural profiles for moderate load-bearing structural applications. In contrast, 3WK/UG/3WK with a higher kenaf to glass ratio demonstrate potential in low load-bearing structural profile applications.

Graphical abstract

这是一项关于槿麻/玻璃纤维增强聚酯复合材料机械性能的研究，旨在用于壁厚最大为 6 毫米的结构型材。6 毫米。通过比较混合变体和纯玻璃纤维变体，研究了拉伸、压缩、弯曲和层间剪应力等机械性能。研究结果表明，在混合样品中，槿麻/单向玻璃纤维无捻粗纱（WK/UG）交替材料的拉伸性能最高。与传统玻璃纤维样品相比，它的拉伸强度（404.54 兆帕）降低了约 8.2%，拉伸模量（24.54 千兆帕）降低了 10.7%。与其他混合试样相比，WK/UG 交替试样显示出更高的抗压强度（417.15 兆帕），与纯玻璃纤维复合材料相比，抗压强度略微降低了 6.09%。在其他混合层压材料中，WK/UG 混合交替试样的弯曲性能也是最高的，与对照试样相比，断裂模量（456.33 兆帕）仅降低了 4.13%，弹性模量（14.49 千兆帕）降低了 1.9%。混合复合材料 2WK/3UG/2WK 的 ILSS（30.97 兆帕）和 WK/UG 交替复合材料的 ILSS（34.90 兆帕）与纯玻璃纤维复合材料的 ILSS（42.33 兆帕）显示出良好的一致性。利用 SEM 图像对拉伸断裂试样进行了检查，以了解复合材料的失效机理和界面粘附性。总之，编织槿麻/单向玻璃纤维纱交替序列被选为开发中等承重结构应用的结构型材的潜在替代品。相比之下，3WK/UG/3WK 具有更高的槿麻与玻璃之比，在低承重结构型材应用中具有潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy or PP composites using modified graphene oxide with two different polymer brushes 使用改性氧化石墨烯与两种不同聚合物刷增强碳纤维增强环氧树脂或聚丙烯复合材料的界面性能

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01309-6

Haifeng Cui, Qing Zhang, Huihuang Ma, Xiaodong Zhou

Carbon fibers (CFs) can usually only be used to reinforce polar (or non-polar) resins, and if they are to be used for reinforcing with another polymer type, they need to be surface-modified, which will inevitably damage the surface of the carbon fibers and thus reduces the overall performance of the composite. In this work, graphene oxide was first prepared and modified, and then two polymer brushes, polystyrene (PS) and hydroxypropyl polyacrylate (PHPA) were grafted onto its surface in a one-step process. This approach reduced the damage caused to the CFs surface by multiple treatments and improved the interfacial adhesion between CFs and different resin matrices. An electrophoretic deposition method was used to deposit the modified GO on the surface of CFs, which can form strong interaction between CFs and a variety of resins. The results showed that different molecular chains have been grafted on the surface of GO, and then the latter was uniformly deposited on the surface of CFs, improving their surface toughness. Additionally, when the suspension concentration was only 1 mg/mL, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF/epoxy and CF/PP increased by 52.0% and 26.5%, respectively. This means that a small amount of GO can significantly improve the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). Therefore, they can be applied to aerospace, wind energy and other industries to effectively improve the interfacial bonding between fiber and resin, after surface modification.

Graphical abstract

碳纤维（CF）通常只能用于增强极性（或非极性）树脂，如果要用于增强其他类型的聚合物，则需要对其进行表面改性，这将不可避免地损坏碳纤维的表面，从而降低复合材料的整体性能。在这项工作中，首先制备并改性了氧化石墨烯，然后一步法将聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚丙烯酸羟丙酯（PHPA）两种聚合物刷接枝到氧化石墨烯表面。这种方法减少了多次处理对 CF 表面造成的损害，并改善了 CF 与不同树脂基质之间的界面粘附性。采用电泳沉积法在 CF 表面沉积改性 GO，可使 CF 与多种树脂之间形成较强的相互作用。结果表明，GO 表面接枝了不同的分子链，然后将后者均匀地沉积在 CFs 表面，从而提高了 CFs 的表面韧性。此外，当悬浮液浓度仅为 1 毫克/毫升时，CF/环氧树脂和 CF/PP 的界面剪切强度（IFSS）分别提高了 52.0% 和 26.5%。这说明，少量的 GO 就能显著改善碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRC）的界面性能。因此，它们可以应用于航空航天、风能等行业，在表面改性后有效改善纤维与树脂之间的界面粘结。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative lightweight concrete: effect of fiber, bacteria and nanomaterials 创新型轻质混凝土：纤维、细菌和纳米材料的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01313-w

Hatice Elif Beytekin, Öznur Biricik Altun, Ali Mardani, Filiz Şenkal Sezer

It was reported that various studies have been carried out to increase the strength, permeability and durability performances of lightweight concrete (LC) mixtures. Extensive research was carried out on the production of sustainable and ecologic LC. In this context, the use of various innovative materials and methods have been demonstrated. In this direction, increasing the service life of concrete produced by the use of fiber, nanomaterials and self-healing with bacteria is one of the applied methods. In this study, the effects of the use of fiber, nanomaterials and bacteria on the workability, unit weight, strength, toughness, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, permeability, drying-shrinkage, freeze–thaw, high temperature resistance, thermal conductivity performance of LC mixtures have been compared in detail. It was reported that workability, specific gravity, permeability, thermal conductivity and drying-shrinkage values decrease, while strength, high temperature resistance, freeze–thaw resistance and toughness performance increase with the addition of fiber and nanomaterials to LC mixtures. While it was emphasized that the strength and permeability performance and elasticity modulus values of the mixtures increased with the addition of bacteria. In addition, the use of fiber has insignificant effect in terms of the modulus of elasticity.

Graphical abstract

据报道，为了提高轻质混凝土（LC）混合物的强度、渗透性和耐久性能，已经开展了各种研究。对生产可持续和生态型轻质混凝土进行了广泛的研究。在此背景下，各种创新材料和方法的使用得到了证实。在这方面，通过使用纤维、纳米材料和细菌自愈来延长混凝土的使用寿命是其中一种应用方法。本研究详细比较了纤维、纳米材料和细菌的使用对 LC 混合物的工作性、单位重量、强度、韧性、弹性模量、抗冲击性、渗透性、干燥收缩性、冻融性、耐高温性和导热性能的影响。结果表明，随着纤维和纳米材料的加入，低聚物混合物的工作性、比重、渗透性、导热性和干燥收缩值降低，而强度、耐高温性、耐冻融性和韧性性能提高。值得强调的是，混合物的强度、渗透性能和弹性模量值随着细菌的加入而增加。此外，纤维的使用对弹性模量的影响不大。

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引用次数: 0

Grafted barley husk/poly (vinyl alcohol)/starch composite films: effect of fatty acid chain length and grafted barley husk loading 接枝大麦壳/聚（乙烯醇）/淀粉复合膜：脂肪酸链长度和接枝大麦壳负载量的影响

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01311-y

Aanchal Mittal, Sangeeta Garg, Shailendra Bajpai

The effect of incorporation of barley husk (BH) grafted with different fatty acids (lauric acid: LBH; palmitic acid: PBH; arachidic acid: ABH) on the physicochemical properties of cross-linked PVA/starch based composite films was studied at different loadings (0.2–2)%. Surface morphology of the films showed that grafted BH dispersed well within the matrix as compared to BH enabling them to provide the greatest reinforcing effect. Composite films containing grafted BH showed higher tensile strength, water resistant properties, thermal stability as well as barrier properties compared to composite films containing BH. At optimum loading (1%), tensile strength of the composite film, containing ABH, was 22.9 MPa, and 23.5% and 31.6% higher than films containing LBH (17.4 MPa) and PBH (18.54 MPa), respectively. Composite films prepared with ABH exhibited the highest values of water contact angle, water vapor, and oxygen permeability among all composite films owing to the incorporation of longest hydrophobic aliphatic chain and provides more hindrance for transmission. The activation energy values of thermal degradation for composite film directly indicate their thermal stability were calculated as 203.37, 222.62 and 366.52 kJ at 1% loading of LBH, PBH, and ABH, respectively. Thus, composite film containing ABH at 1% showed maximum improvement in physicochemical properties followed by composite films containing 1% PBH and LBH. This study provides the alternatives for choosing the most effective composite film, which can be a nature-friendly substitute for non-degradable packaging films and it may help to maintain the circular economy.

Graphical abstract

研究了加入不同脂肪酸（月桂酸：LBH；棕榈酸：PBH；花生酸：ABH）接枝的大麦壳（BH）对不同负载量（0.2-2）% 的交联 PVA/ 淀粉基复合薄膜的理化性质的影响。薄膜的表面形态显示，与 BH 相比，接枝 BH 能很好地分散在基质中，从而产生最大的增强效果。与含有 BH 的复合薄膜相比，含有接枝 BH 的复合薄膜具有更高的拉伸强度、耐水性、热稳定性和阻隔性。在最佳添加量（1%）下，含有 ABH 的复合薄膜的拉伸强度为 22.9 兆帕，比含有 LBH（17.4 兆帕）和 PBH（18.54 兆帕）的薄膜分别高出 23.5% 和 31.6%。ABH 制备的复合薄膜的水接触角、水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率在所有复合薄膜中都是最高的，这是因为 ABH 中含有最长的疏水脂肪族链，为透射提供了更大的阻碍。在 LBH、PBH 和 ABH 含量为 1%的情况下，复合薄膜的热降解活化能值分别为 203.37、222.62 和 366.52 kJ，直接表明了它们的热稳定性。因此，ABH 含量为 1%的复合薄膜在理化特性方面的改善最大，其次是 PBH 和 LBH 含量为 1%的复合薄膜。这项研究为选择最有效的复合膜提供了替代方案，它可以成为不可降解包装膜的自然友好型替代品，并有助于维持循环经济。

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引用次数: 0

Structural modification and encapsulation process of palygorskite for development of flame retardant additives: study of their thermal and mechanical properties in PLA/EVA blends 用于开发阻燃添加剂的堇青石结构改性和封装工艺：聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共混物中的热性能和机械性能研究

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01318-5

Saul Sánchez-Valdes, Gerardo Pozos-Sanchez, Jose Alberto Rodríguez-Gonzalez, Jorge Enrique Rivera-Salinas, Jorge Alonso Uribe-Calderon, Mario Valera-Zaragoza, Gabriela Yolatzin. Romero-Zúñiga, Ernesto Hernandez-Hernandez, Eedgar Cabrera-ALvarez, L. Da Silva

In this work, we described the structural modification of palygorskite (Pal) and its use in the preparation of flame retardant (FR) additives. Theses FR additives were prepared by an encapsulation process involving in situ polymerization reaction between melamine and diisocyanate. The structural modification of Pal and the encapsulation process were characterized by FTIR and SEM techniques. These FR additives were incorporated into polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) by melt mixing. The compounds obtained from mixing FR additives and PLA/EVA were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and plastics flammability standard (UL 94, HB). The incorporation of FR additives showed a significant change in the thermal properties of the PLA/EVA composites. We observed a marked reduction in the peak heat release rate during cone calorimetry tests and significant increase of LOI value. A reduction in the horizontal burn (HB) rate was also observed in the UL-94 test. The results obtained confirmed the notable increase in thermal stability and FR characteristics of the PLA/EVA composite, which was attributed to the formation of a homogeneous protective carbon layer on the surface of the composite samples. This composite showed excellent FR characteristics with good mechanical properties, which is a good option to obtain flame retardant composites with better performance. These results demonstrated that this methodology is a promising way to meet the growing demand for high-performance materials with flame retardant characteristics, using composites with sustainable and ecological materials.

Graphical Abstract

在这项工作中，我们介绍了堇青石（Pal）的结构改性及其在阻燃添加剂制备中的应用。这些阻燃添加剂是通过三聚氰胺和二异氰酸酯原位聚合反应的封装工艺制备的。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜技术对 Pal 的结构改性和封装工艺进行了表征。通过熔融混合将这些阻燃添加剂加入聚乳酸（PLA）和乙烯-醋酸乙烯（EVA）的聚合物混合物中。通过热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、锥形量热法、极限氧指数（LOI）和塑料易燃性标准（UL 94，HB）对将阻燃添加剂与聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共混得到的化合物进行了表征。加入阻燃添加剂后，聚乳酸/EVA 复合材料的热性能发生了显著变化。我们观察到锥形量热仪测试中的峰值热释放率明显降低，LOI 值显著增加。在 UL-94 试验中也观察到水平燃烧（HB）率降低。所得结果证实，聚乳酸/EVA 复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃特性显著提高，这归功于复合材料样品表面形成了均匀的保护碳层。这种复合材料具有优异的阻燃特性和良好的机械性能，是获得性能更佳的阻燃复合材料的良好选择。这些结果表明，该方法是满足对具有阻燃特性的高性能材料日益增长的需求的一种很有前途的方法，它使用的是可持续和生态材料制成的复合材料。

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引用次数: 0