Journal of Coatings Technology and Research最新文献

Nano-coating with atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a pivotal technology for enhancing the performance of a wide range of applications. This review explores recent advancements in ALD nano-coating, with a focus on its high conformality and precision. The review covers key coating techniques and comprehensive methods for analytical coating assessment. The applications discussed include multifunctional coatings, biomedical devices, quantum dot-based technologies, photovoltaic solar cells, energy storage systems, membrane/barrier films, metal–organic frameworks, graphene integration, and sensor technologies. Additionally, the review highlights emerging trends, current applications, and identifies various research gaps, offering insights into potential future directions for ALD nano-coating. The findings underscore ALD’s significant impact in advancing both scientific and industrial applications, while emphasizing the need for continued innovation to address existing challenges.

The hygroscopicity and stability of aqueous dye inks are critical factors influencing ink performance. This study systematically investigates these factors through experimental and analytical methods. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology is utilized to detect changes in the state of water molecules within solutions, and the variation in T2 relaxation times provides a rapid screening method for inks with superior hygroscopicity. Additionally, changes in the peaks of the UV–visible spectroscopy are analyzed to assess the inks dispersibility. Therefore, LF-NMR and UV–visible spectroscopy not only serve as a basis for designing high-performance dye inks but also effectively evaluate ink quality. The results show that under appropriate viscosity and surface tension conditions, Ink 2 exhibits better hygroscopicity and dispersibility.

Advancements in pigment dispersion technologies play a pivotal role in enhancing the performance and durability of coatings. This review examines the latest developments in high-speed dispersers, bead mills, and ultrasonic cavitation, evaluating their impact on pigment distribution, color strength, and stability in polymeric coatings. High-speed dispersers are effective for initial deagglomeration but may experience efficiency limitations due to viscosity-related issues. Bead mills, while providing finer dispersion, face challenges such as energy inefficiency and screen clogging. Ultrasonic cavitation has emerged as a highly scalable and energy-efficient method, achieving nanoscale particle size reduction and uniform dispersion through acoustic shear and cavitation bubble collapse. Recent innovations, such as continuous-flow reactor designs, have enhanced the scalability and energy management of ultrasonic cavitation, addressing previous limitations. The review emphasizes the comparative advantages of these technologies in terms of energy input, surfactant optimization, and viscosity control, providing insights into their role in enhancing dispersion quality. The integration of these technologies is critical for the development of next-generation coatings with superior performance, stability, and sustainability. Future research should focus on further improving energy efficiency and exploring novel additives to optimize dispersion quality and scalability for industrial applications.

Triazole compounds are the excellent corrosion inhibitors for copper. The degree of polymerization of triazole inhibition film is an important factor influencing their anticorrosion performance. The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction provides an effective method to synthesize the polymer with controlled degree of polymerization. In this work, a triazole monomer of (1-tosyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl acrylate (TTMA) is synthesized via the CuAAC (Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) “click chemistry” reaction between propynyl acrylate and p-toluenesulfonyl azide. The triazole polymer (P-TTMA) with different degree of polymerization (DP) is prepared by the ATRP reaction among TTMA monomers. The DP value of P-TTMA polymer is regulated by varying the [monomer]/[initiator] ratio in ATRP reaction. The P-TTMA polymer is assembled on copper surface by self-assembling method to form P-TTMA inhibition film protecting copper from corrosion. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that P-TTMA films show excellent protection performance for copper in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Their protection performance for copper is related to the DP value of P-TTMA polymer. Within a certain range of DP value, the anticorrosion performance of P-TTMA film increases with the DP value increasing. But when the DP value is too large, the anticorrosion performance of P-TTMA film decreases, contrarily. When the DP value of P-TTMA polymer is 56, the obtained P-TTMA film shows the best protection performance; its protection efficiency for copper is 95.6%. The relationship between the degree of polymerization of P-TTMA polymer and its adsorption behavior on copper surface is discussed via surface analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results reveal that the [monomer]/[initiator] ratio variation can yield P-TTMA with different DP values, which can form the different P-TTMA films on copper surfaces. The protection of P-TTMA film for Cu is mainly achieved via the coordination between triazole ring, O atoms in P-TTMA molecule with Cu, and the intermolecular interaction between P-TTMA molecules and Cu. The DP of P-TTMA can affect the conformation and adsorption behavior of P-TTMA film on copper surface, influencing the protection performance of P-TTMA film for copper.

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Renewable functional coatings, crafted from sustainable resources, are revolutionizing materials science by combining advanced performance with eco-friendly attributes. These coatings, derived from bio-based feedstocks like natural oils, biopolymers, and microbial resources, provide essential functionalities, including corrosion resistance, antimicrobial activity, self-healing, and hydrophobicity, while reducing environmental impacts. Widely applied across industries such as automotive, electronics, and healthcare, they enhance durability, safety, and sustainability. Advanced characterization techniques have unveiled critical insights into their structures and properties, optimizing their development and application. The integration of renewable materials addresses global challenges by decreasing reliance on fossil-derived coatings, minimizing carbon footprints, and promoting resource efficiency through life cycle assessments. Despite challenges in balancing performance and sustainability, breakthroughs in formulation and multifunctionality continue to propel this field forward. This review highlights the transformative potential of renewable-based coatings, underscoring their role in fostering innovation and resilience in modern materials science. Through sustainable approaches and green chemistry principles, these coatings exemplify a paradigm shift toward a sustainable, high-performing future.

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The aim of this study is the development of photocurable phosphorus-containing coatings based on soybean oil as a promising green alternative with higher bio-content to conventional heat and VOC-based metal coatings. Considering this aim, acrylic acid (AA) and a reactive monomer containing phosphorus (Sipomer PAM-200) reacted with the epoxide groups of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). The synthesized AA modified ESBO (A-ESBO) and Sipomer PAM-200 modified ESBO (S-ESBO) oligomers were then chemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopies. Photocured free films of these oligomers were evaluated by means of hardness, mechanical, and thermal properties. Coatings were formulated by using the synthesized oligomers, photoinitiator, and reactive diluents with various functionalities, then applied on iron–silicon–aluminum (Al) alloy surfaces, and cured by UV-light. The coating quality was evaluated by contact angle, water resistance, gloss, hardness, and abrasion resistance tests. The overall findings demonstrated that adding more phosphorus-containing oligomer (S-ESBO) to the coating formulation improved the thermal stability, tensile, modulus, and hardness values. This can be attributed to a number of factors, including the presence of polar hydroxyl groups in phosphate ester, the penta polypropylene glycol groups of the phosphorus-containing oligomer, and an increase in the crosslinking density of the polymeric network.

Laccase-catalyzed drying of raw lacquer (RL) is highly sensitive to ambient humidity. To reduce the dependency of RL drying on laccase, preparing synthetic laccase-like becomes crucial. Inspired by the coordination structure of laccase Cu active center, a Cu-MOF with Cu–N bonds was designed and synthesized as a laccase-like. Using a physical blending method, Cu-MOF was incorporated into RL at specific ratios to catalyze the polymerization of RL. FTIR and ¹H NMR studies were employed to investigate the effects of Cu-MOF on the particular structures of urushiol and its reaction groups under room temperature conditions. The lacquer films were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and TA, while the coatings’ physical and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were also evaluated. The results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of Cu-MOF effectively promoted the polymerization of raw lacquer, and the curing rate was unaffected by environmental humidity at room temperature. Furthermore, Cu-MOF improved the adhesion, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and salt resistance of the coating. FTIR and ¹H NMR analyses revealed that Cu-MOF primarily catalyzed the oxidation of the hydroxyl group of urushiol into quinone free radicals and promoted polymerization at positions on the benzene ring and side chains. Thus, Cu-MOF plays a critical role in optimizing the drying of RL and reducing its dependence on environmental conditions.

Flexible and fire-resistant hydrogel–cotton fabric composites doped with ceramic fire retardants were obtained by the immersion method. Among the analyzed mixtures, the samples based on sodium polyacrylate, which provided the best degree of penetration and subsequent intumescence, and those containing magnesium hydroxide in their composition had the best fire-resistant parameters. This was confirmed based on TG/DSC and DMA thermal analysis, PCFC measurements, reaction to fire test results, and SEM microphotographs. The MIR spectroscopic analysis additionally proved that the fire-retardant mechanism is based on the creation of an intumescent structure strengthened by the interaction of fire retardants with various functions, such as hydroxides, which, during decomposition, create a protective char around the material. We believe that these results will contribute to the development of special fabrics with fire-retardant properties.

Glass flakes are frequently claimed to improve the resistance of organic coatings to mechanical loads. This contribution is concerned with effects of glass flake addition to multilayer organic coating systems with epoxy interlayers on their resistance against abrasive wear, compression loads and impact loads. Four pairings with two layers of epoxy and one polyurethane/polysiloxane topcoat each are manufactured and tested. Each pairing features a system with epoxy layers without glass flakes and a system with epoxy layers with glass flakes. Relevant resistance parameters for the three loading cases are introduced, namely abrasion resistance (wear), contact stiffness, damage area and first maximum force (compression), and first maximum force and deflection at maximum force (impact). The effects of glass flakes on these parameters are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspections and are evaluated with statistical methods. The results reveal that, statistically, glass flakes do neither significantly improve nor significantly deteriorate the resistance of the investigated coating systems against these types of loading. The effects depend on the load intensities. Three working hypotheses have been formulated to explain a possible worse performance of glass flake-reinforced epoxies under mechanical loads: 1. glass flakes introduce a weak interface (flaw) between the flake and the polymer matrix; 2. the glass flakes added to a polymer matrix act as a stiff inclusion in a soft matrix, generating stress concentrations; and 3. glass flakes reduce the capability of the composite material to plastically deform and shift the material response to a linear elastic (brittle) mode.

Blue-emissive carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using tetraphenylethylene and benzothiadiazole carbaldehyde via solvothermal method. The as-synthesized solvothermal product was purified via column chromatography technique. Among all eluted fractions, the third fraction demonstrated blue fluorescence (λ_em = 490 nm). TEM imaging showed quasi-spherical CDs with polycrystalline nature having diameters ranging between 5 and 35 nm. Upon addition of water to the CDs dispersion the precipitate formed showed prominent blue fluorescence (λ_em = 450 nm). Further, the CDs were dispersed in hydroxyethyl cellulose, a water-soluble binder to formulate a water-based ink and was printed on UV dull paper by screen printing technique. The print proofs displayed prominent blue fluorescence (λ_em = 450 nm) with good adherence and photostability.

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