Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-03
Larysa Sokolik
The purpose of the article is to provide a conceptual justification of the fac-tors, conditions, and limitations regarding the implementation of crowd technolo-gies in the activities of local self-government bodies. It has been established that crowd technologies in local self-government are social technologies that involve the engagement of «informal public» in the govern-ance process through a public offer made by local self-government bodies. These technologies utilize the intellectual potential of online communities to address so-cially significant issues without entering into an employment contract. It is defined that crowd technologies in local self-government are also specif-ic public-private management technologies that introduce civil relations into bu-reaucratic practices. In this regard, it is important to distinguish various types of these technologies, including crowd-sourcing, crowd-funding, crowd-recruiting, crowd-creation, and so on. The utilization of these and other types of crowd tech-nologies in local self-government allows for addressing important tasks for territo-rial communities, such as involving the population in decision-making processes, mobilizing citizen funds for voluntary development of crowd projects through in-formation technologies, searching for talented professionals within the community, and facilitating the creation of new crowd projects by the «informal public». It has been proven that the implementation of crowd technologies as mani-festations of public-private management requires a set of necessary conditions for their integration into the practices of local self-government. These conditions in-clude: Regulatory and legal support for crowd technological activities. Generalization of experience (positive or negative) with crowd tech-nologies. Accurate identification of crowd technology objects. Institutionalization of a public actor interested in crowd technologies. Formation of civic competencies among the population as individual qualities socialized under the influence of civil society. Ensuring informational accessibility of decision-making practices by local self-government bodies and administrative services provided by them, as well as by communal institutions and enterprises. Demonstration of loyalty by local authorities towards organizing work according to the crowd technology model and the willingness of their leaders and officials to collaborate with the public. Development of integrated software products for local self-government bodies based on the principles of open-source software. It is argued that the structure of crowd potential in a territorial community is formed by two main components: the capacity and readiness of the population and local self-government bodies to participate in crowd technologies. Capacity in-cludes awareness of the organization of governance and knowledge of crowd tech-nologies, which is reflected in the societal and governmental understanding of the possibilitie
{"title":"Key factors of using Crowd-technologies in the activities of Ukrainian local self-government bodies","authors":"Larysa Sokolik","doi":"10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to provide a conceptual justification of the fac-tors, conditions, and limitations regarding the implementation of crowd technolo-gies in the activities of local self-government bodies. It has been established that crowd technologies in local self-government are social technologies that involve the engagement of «informal public» in the govern-ance process through a public offer made by local self-government bodies. These technologies utilize the intellectual potential of online communities to address so-cially significant issues without entering into an employment contract. It is defined that crowd technologies in local self-government are also specif-ic public-private management technologies that introduce civil relations into bu-reaucratic practices. In this regard, it is important to distinguish various types of these technologies, including crowd-sourcing, crowd-funding, crowd-recruiting, crowd-creation, and so on. The utilization of these and other types of crowd tech-nologies in local self-government allows for addressing important tasks for territo-rial communities, such as involving the population in decision-making processes, mobilizing citizen funds for voluntary development of crowd projects through in-formation technologies, searching for talented professionals within the community, and facilitating the creation of new crowd projects by the «informal public». It has been proven that the implementation of crowd technologies as mani-festations of public-private management requires a set of necessary conditions for their integration into the practices of local self-government. These conditions in-clude: Regulatory and legal support for crowd technological activities. Generalization of experience (positive or negative) with crowd tech-nologies. Accurate identification of crowd technology objects. Institutionalization of a public actor interested in crowd technologies. Formation of civic competencies among the population as individual qualities socialized under the influence of civil society. Ensuring informational accessibility of decision-making practices by local self-government bodies and administrative services provided by them, as well as by communal institutions and enterprises. Demonstration of loyalty by local authorities towards organizing work according to the crowd technology model and the willingness of their leaders and officials to collaborate with the public. Development of integrated software products for local self-government bodies based on the principles of open-source software. It is argued that the structure of crowd potential in a territorial community is formed by two main components: the capacity and readiness of the population and local self-government bodies to participate in crowd technologies. Capacity in-cludes awareness of the organization of governance and knowledge of crowd tech-nologies, which is reflected in the societal and governmental understanding of the possibilitie","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-01
Ihor Dunayev, Oleksandr Orlov
This article serves as a logical continuation of the authors’ series of publications on the public regulation of information platforms and platform economies. The objective of this article is to provide a concise summary of the rich international experience in national legal regulation of the digital economy and information platforms while identifying pertinent models of such regulation. It further contributes to the ongoing extensive expert and policy debate regarding what, how, and whom to regulate in the new platform environment, in which nearly everyone participates or will soon be involved. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of legislation in foreign jurisdictions, the article highlights and elucidates three main models of legal regulation for the digital economy, using examples: the model of legislative regulation of the digital economy, the national strategic model, and the regional strategic model. The conclusion is drawn that Ukraine exhibits significant features that largely correspond to the first model. Such a model may involve the creation of specific legislation aimed at digital sector development, stimulating innovation and supporting startups. Nevertheless, Ukraine has already begun to encounter limitations associated with this model, as the digital economy evolves more rapidly than the government and legislators can adapt the legal framework to the latest changes, resulting in regulatory gaps.
{"title":"National legal regulation of the digital economy and information platforms","authors":"Ihor Dunayev, Oleksandr Orlov","doi":"10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-01","url":null,"abstract":"This article serves as a logical continuation of the authors’ series of publications on the public regulation of information platforms and platform economies. The objective of this article is to provide a concise summary of the rich international experience in national legal regulation of the digital economy and information platforms while identifying pertinent models of such regulation. It further contributes to the ongoing extensive expert and policy debate regarding what, how, and whom to regulate in the new platform environment, in which nearly everyone participates or will soon be involved. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of legislation in foreign jurisdictions, the article highlights and elucidates three main models of legal regulation for the digital economy, using examples: the model of legislative regulation of the digital economy, the national strategic model, and the regional strategic model. The conclusion is drawn that Ukraine exhibits significant features that largely correspond to the first model. Such a model may involve the creation of specific legislation aimed at digital sector development, stimulating innovation and supporting startups. Nevertheless, Ukraine has already begun to encounter limitations associated with this model, as the digital economy evolves more rapidly than the government and legislators can adapt the legal framework to the latest changes, resulting in regulatory gaps.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139273973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-07
Svitlana Gazarian
The problem of creating effective governments in developing countries within the framework of the existing global system, while protecting their sovereignty and national power, is studied. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the topic is highlighted. It is shown that the answer to the search for objective criteria for evaluating the results of administrative activity, which would testify to its effectiveness, is currently considered to be the Good Governance concept. One of its key principles is the principle of effectiveness, which consists in achieving the maximum possible positive result in accordance with the needs of society, given the most rational use of resources. An analysis of the effectiveness of the Government of Brazil, which has undergone repeated attempts to reform public administration, has been made. However, bureaucracy still remains one of the biggest problems of the state. It was noted that in the countries of Latin America, the reforms implemented under the influence of international institutions have been yet unsuccessful due to substantial socioeconomic inequality, political instability, and institutional culture and management based on Weberian principles. It is emphasized that the key obstacle to reforms is that the need for administrative changes is not rooted in the minds of administrators and managers. The values of the ‘government effectiveness’ indicator for Brazil and Ukraine are compared. A gradual positive dynamics of Ukrainian government’s activity (as distinct from that of the Brazilian government) is noted, which is assumed to be due to cooperation with society and the implementation of European values and standards of Good Governance. The focus is laid on the possibility of applying a mixed, hybrid approach to improving governance efficiency in developing countries. Its reference point is a competent government, the effectiveness of which is enhanced by the use of information technologies of new generation (artificial intelligence, etc.), and issues of transparency and accountability are measured by the public using established parameters. It is proposed to expand the knowledge about the concept of ‘Intelligent Governance’ with the provision about the professional intelligence of officials as a lever for increasing government efficiency. It has been concluded that to ensure the effectiveness of the government in developing countries, it is important to focus on the cooperation between the authorities and the public for their general mutual benefit.
{"title":"Building effective governments in developing countries: from a global goal to intelligent action (experience of Brazil)","authors":"Svitlana Gazarian","doi":"10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of creating effective governments in developing countries within the framework of the existing global system, while protecting their sovereignty and national power, is studied. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the topic is highlighted. It is shown that the answer to the search for objective criteria for evaluating the results of administrative activity, which would testify to its effectiveness, is currently considered to be the Good Governance concept. One of its key principles is the principle of effectiveness, which consists in achieving the maximum possible positive result in accordance with the needs of society, given the most rational use of resources. An analysis of the effectiveness of the Government of Brazil, which has undergone repeated attempts to reform public administration, has been made. However, bureaucracy still remains one of the biggest problems of the state. It was noted that in the countries of Latin America, the reforms implemented under the influence of international institutions have been yet unsuccessful due to substantial socioeconomic inequality, political instability, and institutional culture and management based on Weberian principles. It is emphasized that the key obstacle to reforms is that the need for administrative changes is not rooted in the minds of administrators and managers. The values of the ‘government effectiveness’ indicator for Brazil and Ukraine are compared. A gradual positive dynamics of Ukrainian government’s activity (as distinct from that of the Brazilian government) is noted, which is assumed to be due to cooperation with society and the implementation of European values and standards of Good Governance. The focus is laid on the possibility of applying a mixed, hybrid approach to improving governance efficiency in developing countries. Its reference point is a competent government, the effectiveness of which is enhanced by the use of information technologies of new generation (artificial intelligence, etc.), and issues of transparency and accountability are measured by the public using established parameters. It is proposed to expand the knowledge about the concept of ‘Intelligent Governance’ with the provision about the professional intelligence of officials as a lever for increasing government efficiency. It has been concluded that to ensure the effectiveness of the government in developing countries, it is important to focus on the cooperation between the authorities and the public for their general mutual benefit.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-05
Snizhana Balo, Andrii Khmelnytskyi
This article explores the legal role of digital systems in the institutionalization of public administration in the context of decentralization, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in state management processes. The objective of the article is to define the legal role of AI and organized computer systems in state management processes and public administration. It identifies the factors that contribute to or hinder the effectiveness of integrating digital systems into legal institutions and relationships in Ukraine, with a specific determination of their distinct legal status. The research adopts a neo-institutional approach to analyze the legal institutionalization in various spheres of public administration. The article examines factors and elements that limit the effectiveness of AI usage in legal institutions during the process of decentralization and redistribution of executive powers, as well as in building a new quality of interaction with citizens and civil society. This material can serve as a foundation for studying ways to intensify the involvement of AI-based engineering systems in legal institutions in various aspects of public administration. Ukrainian scholars are encouraged to actively research the opportunities and challenges associated with AI implementation in public administration. Firstly, it is crucial to investigate the legal framework regulating the utilization of AI in state structures and institutions. Active collaboration with human rights organizations and other stakeholders is essential to ensure compliance with transparent and ethical standards in AI utilization in governance. Additionally, researchers should provide recommendations on establishing mechanisms for monitoring and auditing the implementation of AI to ensure its efficiency and compliance with legislation. Such an approach will contribute to the successful institutionalization of public administration using AI and promote the development of a modern and efficient system of state governance in Ukraine.
{"title":"Legal role of artificial intelligence in institutionalization of public governance","authors":"Snizhana Balo, Andrii Khmelnytskyi","doi":"10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2023-1-05","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the legal role of digital systems in the institutionalization of public administration in the context of decentralization, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in state management processes. The objective of the article is to define the legal role of AI and organized computer systems in state management processes and public administration. It identifies the factors that contribute to or hinder the effectiveness of integrating digital systems into legal institutions and relationships in Ukraine, with a specific determination of their distinct legal status. The research adopts a neo-institutional approach to analyze the legal institutionalization in various spheres of public administration. The article examines factors and elements that limit the effectiveness of AI usage in legal institutions during the process of decentralization and redistribution of executive powers, as well as in building a new quality of interaction with citizens and civil society. This material can serve as a foundation for studying ways to intensify the involvement of AI-based engineering systems in legal institutions in various aspects of public administration. Ukrainian scholars are encouraged to actively research the opportunities and challenges associated with AI implementation in public administration. Firstly, it is crucial to investigate the legal framework regulating the utilization of AI in state structures and institutions. Active collaboration with human rights organizations and other stakeholders is essential to ensure compliance with transparent and ethical standards in AI utilization in governance. Additionally, researchers should provide recommendations on establishing mechanisms for monitoring and auditing the implementation of AI to ensure its efficiency and compliance with legislation. Such an approach will contribute to the successful institutionalization of public administration using AI and promote the development of a modern and efficient system of state governance in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important aspect of the examination of invasive species is the identification of non-native organisms that have been brought to a new location and are harming the local ecology, economy, or public health. Studying their environmental effects, defining their ecological traits, and creating management or control plans are all steps in this process. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates ecology, biology, and management techniques to safeguard and conserve native ecosystems is necessary for effective analysis of invasive species. The identification and evaluation of invasive species are two crucial stages in the analysis of invasive species. Understanding their ecological characteristics, analyzing their impacts, creating control and management methods, and monitoring and evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. In general, invasive species analysis is crucial for reducing the harm caused by these organisms and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems all over the world. A genetic method to get rid of invading species has been suggested: Trojan Y chromosomes world-wide climate change. The consumption of water by invasive and native plants of a single growth type is examined in-depth for the first time at the leaf, plant, and ecosystem scales in this study.
{"title":"Risk assessment for biological hazards: information on invasive species","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/abfs/1/1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/abfs/1/1/3","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of the examination of invasive species is the identification of non-native organisms that have been brought to a new location and are harming the local ecology, economy, or public health. Studying their environmental effects, defining their ecological traits, and creating management or control plans are all steps in this process. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates ecology, biology, and management techniques to safeguard and conserve native ecosystems is necessary for effective analysis of invasive species. The identification and evaluation of invasive species are two crucial stages in the analysis of invasive species. Understanding their ecological characteristics, analyzing their impacts, creating control and management methods, and monitoring and evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. In general, invasive species analysis is crucial for reducing the harm caused by these organisms and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems all over the world. A genetic method to get rid of invading species has been suggested: Trojan Y chromosomes world-wide climate change. The consumption of water by invasive and native plants of a single growth type is examined in-depth for the first time at the leaf, plant, and ecosystem scales in this study.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important aspect of the examination of invasive species is the identification of non-native organisms that have been brought to a new location and are harming the local ecology, economy, or public health. Studying their environmental effects, defining their ecological traits, and creating management or control plans are all steps in this process. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates ecology, biology, and management techniques to safeguard and conserve native ecosystems is necessary for effective analysis of invasive species. The identification and evaluation of invasive species are two crucial stages in the analysis of invasive species. Understanding their ecological characteristics, analyzing their impacts, creating control and management methods, and monitoring and evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. In general, invasive species analysis is crucial for reducing the harm caused by these organisms and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems all over the world. A genetic method to get rid of invading species has been suggested: Trojan Y chromosomes world-wide climate change. The consumption of water by invasive and native plants of a single growth type is examined in-depth for the first time at the leaf, plant, and ecosystem scales in this study.
{"title":"Risk assessment for biological hazards: information on invasive species","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/abfs/2/1/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/abfs/2/1/8","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of the examination of invasive species is the identification of non-native organisms that have been brought to a new location and are harming the local ecology, economy, or public health. Studying their environmental effects, defining their ecological traits, and creating management or control plans are all steps in this process. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates ecology, biology, and management techniques to safeguard and conserve native ecosystems is necessary for effective analysis of invasive species. The identification and evaluation of invasive species are two crucial stages in the analysis of invasive species. Understanding their ecological characteristics, analyzing their impacts, creating control and management methods, and monitoring and evaluating the efficacy of these strategies. In general, invasive species analysis is crucial for reducing the harm caused by these organisms and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems all over the world. A genetic method to get rid of invading species has been suggested: Trojan Y chromosomes world-wide climate change. The consumption of water by invasive and native plants of a single growth type is examined in-depth for the first time at the leaf, plant, and ecosystem scales in this study.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135471512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural soil science is a subfield of soil science that focuses on the production of food and fiber in relation to soil conditions. It encompasses research in the realm of edaphic conditions, making it an integral part of agricultural departments. Historically, it was considered a distinct branch of soil science, known as edaphology. However, by 2006, it had merged with the broader field of soil science, particularly pedology, in both professional and popular contexts. Agricultural soil science delves into the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of soils as they pertain to agriculture. Soils exhibit variations in their chemical and physical properties due to factors such as climate, weather patterns, and microbial activities, leading to different soil types. Agricultural soil science follows a comprehensive approach that not only investigates the characteristics of soil but also considers the broader ecosystem and its sustainable management. This field scrutinizes soil chemistry, physics, biology, and mineral composition concerning agricultural applications, with a focus on enhancing crop productivity and dietary quality. Agricultural soil scientists address various concerns related to soil sustainability, such as soil erosion, compaction, fertility depletion, and contamination. They conduct research in areas like irrigation, drainage, tillage practices, soil classification, plant nutrition, and soil fertility. While maximizing crop and animal production is a fundamental goal, it is essential to be mindful of potential negative consequences, such as the impact of monoculture on crop diseases and the long-term effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health. To address these challenges, farmer-scientists employ an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, meteorology, and geography to develop sustainable solutions. Techniques like TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) are used for multi-criteria decision analysis. In TOPSIS, the positive ideal solution (PIS) is determined by selecting the alternative with the shortest geometric distance from the ideal solution. This method assumes that an increase in criteria values is preferable. Normalization of parameters is often required in scaling problems, ensuring that criteria with varying dimensions are properly considered. Alternatives are evaluated based on characteristics such as clay content, sand content, silt content, peat content, chalk content, and loaminess. These criteria are then applied to evaluate preferences for elements like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg). The results of the evaluation indicate that peaty soil ranks the highest, while silty soil receives the lowest ranking.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soil Management Practices for Agriculture using TOPSIS Method","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/abfs/2/1/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/abfs/2/1/7","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural soil science is a subfield of soil science that focuses on the production of food and fiber in relation to soil conditions. It encompasses research in the realm of edaphic conditions, making it an integral part of agricultural departments. Historically, it was considered a distinct branch of soil science, known as edaphology. However, by 2006, it had merged with the broader field of soil science, particularly pedology, in both professional and popular contexts. Agricultural soil science delves into the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of soils as they pertain to agriculture. Soils exhibit variations in their chemical and physical properties due to factors such as climate, weather patterns, and microbial activities, leading to different soil types. Agricultural soil science follows a comprehensive approach that not only investigates the characteristics of soil but also considers the broader ecosystem and its sustainable management. This field scrutinizes soil chemistry, physics, biology, and mineral composition concerning agricultural applications, with a focus on enhancing crop productivity and dietary quality. Agricultural soil scientists address various concerns related to soil sustainability, such as soil erosion, compaction, fertility depletion, and contamination. They conduct research in areas like irrigation, drainage, tillage practices, soil classification, plant nutrition, and soil fertility. While maximizing crop and animal production is a fundamental goal, it is essential to be mindful of potential negative consequences, such as the impact of monoculture on crop diseases and the long-term effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health. To address these challenges, farmer-scientists employ an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, meteorology, and geography to develop sustainable solutions. Techniques like TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) are used for multi-criteria decision analysis. In TOPSIS, the positive ideal solution (PIS) is determined by selecting the alternative with the shortest geometric distance from the ideal solution. This method assumes that an increase in criteria values is preferable. Normalization of parameters is often required in scaling problems, ensuring that criteria with varying dimensions are properly considered. Alternatives are evaluated based on characteristics such as clay content, sand content, silt content, peat content, chalk content, and loaminess. These criteria are then applied to evaluate preferences for elements like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg). The results of the evaluation indicate that peaty soil ranks the highest, while silty soil receives the lowest ranking.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-07
Oleksandr A. Kotukov, Vitalii P. Solovykh
The article reveals issues related to corruption, which has a negative impact on social security, public spending, budget deficit, tax collection, vulnerable employment, gender equality and the use of EU funds, and approaches to its measurement. It is noted that corruption is associated with an increase in the level of organized crime, a weakening of the rule of law, a decrease in voter turnout in parliamentary elections and trust in state institutions. It is noted that the pandemic and subsequent socio-economic crises called into question the adequacy of the existing mechanisms for controlling the unprecedented volume of finances within the framework of the EU recovery plan. In this complex context, legal and policy frameworks as well as EU instruments that assess anti-corruption efforts are important at all times. But at the same time, all EU member states, solving this problem, have different approaches and methods of its grouping and measurement. According to the conducted studies, there are currently no corruption-free zones in the EU, as all member states have touched this problem, albeit to varying degrees. The concept of corruption is defined as a broader socio-economic problem that covers a number of issues, namely: conflict of interests; clientelism; various forms of favoritism; influence peddling and other similar forms of behavior. A study of modern statistics of corruption offenses as of the first half of 2023 was conducted, which shows positive developments in Ukraine in the fight against corruption, but at the same time, the rate of violations of financial control requirements remains extremely high. Given the difficulty of directly measuring corruption, various (indirect) indicators have been developed based on the perception or experience of this phenomenon and an attempt to quantify the cost of corruption in the EU. It is noted that the main international study is the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), which collects data on the experience and perception of corruption around the world since 2003. In 2021, the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – EU focused on measurements in EU Member States, which confirmed the widespread perception of corruption in Europe and showed that EU citizens are concerned about the close ties between business and politics. Therefore, in the article, the author examines issues related to the measurement of corruption for the possibility of more accurately forecasting the development of this negative phenomenon in the future and taking appropriate preventive measures.
{"title":"Definition and Measurement of Corruption in the States of the European Union and the Use of Directions for Assessing Corruption Actions in Ukraine","authors":"Oleksandr A. Kotukov, Vitalii P. Solovykh","doi":"10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals issues related to corruption, which has a negative impact on social security, public spending, budget deficit, tax collection, vulnerable employment, gender equality and the use of EU funds, and approaches to its measurement. It is noted that corruption is associated with an increase in the level of organized crime, a weakening of the rule of law, a decrease in voter turnout in parliamentary elections and trust in state institutions. It is noted that the pandemic and subsequent socio-economic crises called into question the adequacy of the existing mechanisms for controlling the unprecedented volume of finances within the framework of the EU recovery plan. In this complex context, legal and policy frameworks as well as EU instruments that assess anti-corruption efforts are important at all times. But at the same time, all EU member states, solving this problem, have different approaches and methods of its grouping and measurement. According to the conducted studies, there are currently no corruption-free zones in the EU, as all member states have touched this problem, albeit to varying degrees. The concept of corruption is defined as a broader socio-economic problem that covers a number of issues, namely: conflict of interests; clientelism; various forms of favoritism; influence peddling and other similar forms of behavior. A study of modern statistics of corruption offenses as of the first half of 2023 was conducted, which shows positive developments in Ukraine in the fight against corruption, but at the same time, the rate of violations of financial control requirements remains extremely high. Given the difficulty of directly measuring corruption, various (indirect) indicators have been developed based on the perception or experience of this phenomenon and an attempt to quantify the cost of corruption in the EU. It is noted that the main international study is the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), which collects data on the experience and perception of corruption around the world since 2003. In 2021, the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) – EU focused on measurements in EU Member States, which confirmed the widespread perception of corruption in Europe and showed that EU citizens are concerned about the close ties between business and politics. Therefore, in the article, the author examines issues related to the measurement of corruption for the possibility of more accurately forecasting the development of this negative phenomenon in the future and taking appropriate preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-08
Nadiya Myrna, Mykhailo Bilokon
The relevance of the article’s topic is determined by the non-standard nature of the challenges and threats of today. In the modern world, hybrid threats have become a major challenge for European countries, the European Union, and the world as a whole. Hybrid warfare encompasses various forms and types of aggression that are used to influence a country’s domestic politics, public opinion, and government activities. Hybrid threats are complex and multifaceted phenomena that require a comprehensive and systemic approach to counter them. They can target different spheres of life, such as politics, economy, culture, the information space, and others. Since they have an unpredictable nature, countering them requires the development and implementation of modern strategies and effective tools at both the national and supranational levels. The European Union must develop an effective strategy to counter hybrid threats that would allow it to protect its citizens and prevent the further expansion of these threats. Therefore, the process of Eurointegration is an important element in countering hybrid threats for countries and the region as a whole. The European Union provides significant support in combating hybrid threats, including through cooperation and coordination with member countries. One important element of Eurointegration is the alignment of legislation and security standards among countries. This helps reduce risks and enhance protection against hybrid threats. Collaboration in the field of cybersecurity is also a crucial component of Eurointegration. The development and implementation of joint strategies and tools enhance the effectiveness of countering hybrid threats at the regional level. Furthermore, Eurointegration can assist countries in developing and implementing new strategies and tools to counter hybrid threats, including through financial and technical support. This will enable more effective combat against these phenomena and ensure the security of countries and the region as a whole. The EU’s approach to defining and addressing hybrid threats is outlined in the «Joint Framework on Countering Hybrid Threats - European Union Response» (2016), «Increasing Resilience and Strengthening the Capacity to Address Hybrid Threats» (2018), and the EU Security Strategy (2020). The integrated system for countering hybrid threats encompasses a wide range of measures at both the member state and supranational EU levels, including early detection, analysis, raising awareness, building resilience, prevention, crisis response, and consequence management.
{"title":"European Integration and Countering Hybrid Threats: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Nadiya Myrna, Mykhailo Bilokon","doi":"10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-08","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the article’s topic is determined by the non-standard nature of the challenges and threats of today. In the modern world, hybrid threats have become a major challenge for European countries, the European Union, and the world as a whole. Hybrid warfare encompasses various forms and types of aggression that are used to influence a country’s domestic politics, public opinion, and government activities. Hybrid threats are complex and multifaceted phenomena that require a comprehensive and systemic approach to counter them. They can target different spheres of life, such as politics, economy, culture, the information space, and others. Since they have an unpredictable nature, countering them requires the development and implementation of modern strategies and effective tools at both the national and supranational levels. The European Union must develop an effective strategy to counter hybrid threats that would allow it to protect its citizens and prevent the further expansion of these threats. Therefore, the process of Eurointegration is an important element in countering hybrid threats for countries and the region as a whole. The European Union provides significant support in combating hybrid threats, including through cooperation and coordination with member countries. One important element of Eurointegration is the alignment of legislation and security standards among countries. This helps reduce risks and enhance protection against hybrid threats. Collaboration in the field of cybersecurity is also a crucial component of Eurointegration. The development and implementation of joint strategies and tools enhance the effectiveness of countering hybrid threats at the regional level. Furthermore, Eurointegration can assist countries in developing and implementing new strategies and tools to counter hybrid threats, including through financial and technical support. This will enable more effective combat against these phenomena and ensure the security of countries and the region as a whole. The EU’s approach to defining and addressing hybrid threats is outlined in the «Joint Framework on Countering Hybrid Threats - European Union Response» (2016), «Increasing Resilience and Strengthening the Capacity to Address Hybrid Threats» (2018), and the EU Security Strategy (2020). The integrated system for countering hybrid threats encompasses a wide range of measures at both the member state and supranational EU levels, including early detection, analysis, raising awareness, building resilience, prevention, crisis response, and consequence management.","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-02
Olena Krutii, Svitlana Klimova
The current state of society is characterized by the expansion of the conflict space, the increase in tension in social relations between the judicial authorities and the public. It is precisely because of this that issues of improving the mechanism of interaction between judicial institutions and public associations and active citizens are being brought into focus. The purpose of this research is to substantiate theoretical and methodological principles and develop a mechanism of interaction between the judiciary of Ukraine and the public as a basis for making rational administrative decisions. The subject of the study is the relationship between judicial authorities and public associations and citizens regarding management decision-making. The object of the research is normative documents, recommendations and strategic documents regulating the issue of administrative decision-making in the judicial institutions of Ukraine, as well as academic publications and analytical reports on the issues, which are under consideration in this article. The research methodology combines a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, classification, etc. While processing the scientific sources and legislation in order to thoroughly study the subject of research, highlight its properties, the method of analysis was used. The article examines the mechanism of interaction between the judiciary and the public and establishes the elements of such a mechanism. Based on the analysis of normative-and-legal acts and the effectiveness of the activities of judicial authorities, strategies for the development of the judicial branch of government in Ukraine, the directions to improve the mechanism of interaction of citizens with the independent branch of government - the judiciary, with the aim of exerting their influence on the process of making administrative decisions - have been determined. The interaction of judicial authorities with the public is becoming more and more important every year, the influence of public opinion on administrative decisions is increasing, and because of this, the mechanism of such interaction is being improved and the state’s relations with the public are being reformatted, the gradual introduction of international standards and best practices of the Council of Europe and the European Union in system of justice and public administration of Ukraine. Mandatory elements of the mechanism of interaction of the judiciary with the public are not only the subject-object composition, but also the goals, principles, functions, forms of interaction, information and methods of its presentation, technologies and technical means. The task of the operation of such a mechanism is defined as ensuring the adoption of rational administrative decisions by the Higher Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine, the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine,
{"title":"The Mechanism of Interaction of the Judicial Authority of Ukraine with the Public","authors":"Olena Krutii, Svitlana Klimova","doi":"10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2023-1-02","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of society is characterized by the expansion of the conflict space, the increase in tension in social relations between the judicial authorities and the public. It is precisely because of this that issues of improving the mechanism of interaction between judicial institutions and public associations and active citizens are being brought into focus. The purpose of this research is to substantiate theoretical and methodological principles and develop a mechanism of interaction between the judiciary of Ukraine and the public as a basis for making rational administrative decisions. The subject of the study is the relationship between judicial authorities and public associations and citizens regarding management decision-making. The object of the research is normative documents, recommendations and strategic documents regulating the issue of administrative decision-making in the judicial institutions of Ukraine, as well as academic publications and analytical reports on the issues, which are under consideration in this article. The research methodology combines a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, classification, etc. While processing the scientific sources and legislation in order to thoroughly study the subject of research, highlight its properties, the method of analysis was used. The article examines the mechanism of interaction between the judiciary and the public and establishes the elements of such a mechanism. Based on the analysis of normative-and-legal acts and the effectiveness of the activities of judicial authorities, strategies for the development of the judicial branch of government in Ukraine, the directions to improve the mechanism of interaction of citizens with the independent branch of government - the judiciary, with the aim of exerting their influence on the process of making administrative decisions - have been determined. The interaction of judicial authorities with the public is becoming more and more important every year, the influence of public opinion on administrative decisions is increasing, and because of this, the mechanism of such interaction is being improved and the state’s relations with the public are being reformatted, the gradual introduction of international standards and best practices of the Council of Europe and the European Union in system of justice and public administration of Ukraine. Mandatory elements of the mechanism of interaction of the judiciary with the public are not only the subject-object composition, but also the goals, principles, functions, forms of interaction, information and methods of its presentation, technologies and technical means. The task of the operation of such a mechanism is defined as ensuring the adoption of rational administrative decisions by the Higher Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine, the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, ","PeriodicalId":6298,"journal":{"name":"1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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