Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-5-14
V. Ivanov, A. Lopatkin, E. Adamov, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, P. Kashcheeva, A. M. Korelo, K. Tumanov
The paper presents for the first-time comparison of radiation safety for the population between spent nuclear fuel (SNF) irradiated in water-water power reactor with thermal neutrons (WWER-1000) and radioactive wastes (RW) from lead cooled fast neutrons reactor (BREST-1200). The re-actors generate equal amount of electric power 1 GW per year. Composition and radiation param-eters of long-lived radiation wastes sent to disposal is reviewed. Potential biological hazards from SNF and RW for about 10,000-years disposal were estimated as effective doses (Sv). To assess potential radiation-induced carcinogenic risk as estimates of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) new ICRP methodology was used. New ICRP methodology was used as the basis for the computer code for the program “Radiological protection of the population” (ROZA-N) developed by the Proryv Project of the Rosatom State Corporation. The project was registered at the Unified Register of Russian Software in 2021 (registration number 2442). It was found that potential radiation-induced carcinogenic risk for the population associated with WWER-1000 reactor SNF was 132 times high-er than the risk associated with BREST-1200 reactor RW. Radiological equivalence of carcinogenic risks associated with SNF WWER-1000 and natural uranium material was proven to be achieved in about 15,600 years (significantly more than 10,000 years), the radiological equivalence of risks associated with RW BREST-1200, on the other hand, to be achieved only in 120 years.
{"title":"Correlation between potential radiation-induced carcinogenic risks associated with WWER-1000 spent nuclear fuel and BREST-1200 radiation waste in case of annual generation of 1 GW of electricity. Part 1. Radiological equivalence","authors":"V. Ivanov, A. Lopatkin, E. Adamov, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, P. Kashcheeva, A. M. Korelo, K. Tumanov","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents for the first-time comparison of radiation safety for the population between spent nuclear fuel (SNF) irradiated in water-water power reactor with thermal neutrons (WWER-1000) and radioactive wastes (RW) from lead cooled fast neutrons reactor (BREST-1200). The re-actors generate equal amount of electric power 1 GW per year. Composition and radiation param-eters of long-lived radiation wastes sent to disposal is reviewed. Potential biological hazards from SNF and RW for about 10,000-years disposal were estimated as effective doses (Sv). To assess potential radiation-induced carcinogenic risk as estimates of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) new ICRP methodology was used. New ICRP methodology was used as the basis for the computer code for the program “Radiological protection of the population” (ROZA-N) developed by the Proryv Project of the Rosatom State Corporation. The project was registered at the Unified Register of Russian Software in 2021 (registration number 2442). It was found that potential radiation-induced carcinogenic risk for the population associated with WWER-1000 reactor SNF was 132 times high-er than the risk associated with BREST-1200 reactor RW. Radiological equivalence of carcinogenic risks associated with SNF WWER-1000 and natural uranium material was proven to be achieved in about 15,600 years (significantly more than 10,000 years), the radiological equivalence of risks associated with RW BREST-1200, on the other hand, to be achieved only in 120 years.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88964482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-48-56
A. Belikova, V. Gerasimov, A. Kaprin, P. Datsenko
The purpose of the work is the assessment of the functional state and the main complications af-ter the delayed boost, depending on the level of doses used and the number of irradiated metastases. In 30 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (n=11) and breast cancer (n=19) with metastatic brain lesion after the end of WBRT, in the long term a boost (SRS) was performed. The prescribed dose for the late boost ranged from 10 to 22 Gy with a median of 15 Gy. Irradiation for single-fraction was performed in 26 patients (86.7%), for 2 fractions – in 2 patients (6.7%), for 3 fractions – in 2 patients (6.7%), respectively. As of December 2021, 26 of 30 patients (86.7%) died, only 53.3% from progression in the central nervous system, from complications 0%. Local progression (growth in the boost zone) was noted in 7 patients (23.3%), distant progression (the appearance of new metastasis or carcinomatosis) – in 56.7%. Often, patients had a combined lesion. Increasing the dose with a delayed boost of ≥15 Gy did not affect the functional state of patients after 12 (p=0.767), 24 (p=0.820), and 36 months (p=1.0) after WBRT. The late boost did not lead to a significant increase in cognitive impairment (p=0.437), despite the larger number of ra-diosurgical targets and the high dose level compared to the standard boost. There were no significant differences (p=0.935) in the frequency of radionecrosis in groups with a boost dose of ≥15 Gy and <15 Gy (p=0.935); this complication was recorded in 6 out of 24 (23.1%) and 1 out of 4 (25%) patients. At an average dose level ≥20 Gy, the probability of developing radionecrosis was higher (p=0.002). The volume of the tumor mass (Vbust) did not affect the formation of radionecrosis in the future (p=0.213), there was no significance for such predictors as the maximum transverse size of metastasis (p=0.991), the number of metastases (p=0.224) and target (im-mune) therapy (p=0.289). The median overall survival in patients with developed radionecrosis was 38.6 months (95% Cl: 25.5-51.7), in its absence – only 21.5 months (p=0.015). Late boost can be used for multiple (from 4 to 10) metastatic brain lesions or oligometastases that do not meet the criteria for radiosurgical treatment in size. In general, this treatment program is safe, the functional status of patients remains at a fairly high level. Even with the development of radionecrosis, the quality of life and overall survival rates do not decrease.
{"title":"Complications after late (delayed) stereotactic radiosurgery boost in patients with non-small cell lung and breast cancer","authors":"A. Belikova, V. Gerasimov, A. Kaprin, P. Datsenko","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is the assessment of the functional state and the main complications af-ter the delayed boost, depending on the level of doses used and the number of irradiated metastases. In 30 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (n=11) and breast cancer (n=19) with metastatic brain lesion after the end of WBRT, in the long term a boost (SRS) was performed. The prescribed dose for the late boost ranged from 10 to 22 Gy with a median of 15 Gy. Irradiation for single-fraction was performed in 26 patients (86.7%), for 2 fractions – in 2 patients (6.7%), for 3 fractions – in 2 patients (6.7%), respectively. As of December 2021, 26 of 30 patients (86.7%) died, only 53.3% from progression in the central nervous system, from complications 0%. Local progression (growth in the boost zone) was noted in 7 patients (23.3%), distant progression (the appearance of new metastasis or carcinomatosis) – in 56.7%. Often, patients had a combined lesion. Increasing the dose with a delayed boost of ≥15 Gy did not affect the functional state of patients after 12 (p=0.767), 24 (p=0.820), and 36 months (p=1.0) after WBRT. The late boost did not lead to a significant increase in cognitive impairment (p=0.437), despite the larger number of ra-diosurgical targets and the high dose level compared to the standard boost. There were no significant differences (p=0.935) in the frequency of radionecrosis in groups with a boost dose of ≥15 Gy and <15 Gy (p=0.935); this complication was recorded in 6 out of 24 (23.1%) and 1 out of 4 (25%) patients. At an average dose level ≥20 Gy, the probability of developing radionecrosis was higher (p=0.002). The volume of the tumor mass (Vbust) did not affect the formation of radionecrosis in the future (p=0.213), there was no significance for such predictors as the maximum transverse size of metastasis (p=0.991), the number of metastases (p=0.224) and target (im-mune) therapy (p=0.289). The median overall survival in patients with developed radionecrosis was 38.6 months (95% Cl: 25.5-51.7), in its absence – only 21.5 months (p=0.015). Late boost can be used for multiple (from 4 to 10) metastatic brain lesions or oligometastases that do not meet the criteria for radiosurgical treatment in size. In general, this treatment program is safe, the functional status of patients remains at a fairly high level. Even with the development of radionecrosis, the quality of life and overall survival rates do not decrease.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91221970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-5-12
V. Ivanov, Y. Mardynsky, A. Menyajlo, D. Gogolin, I. Gulidov, K. Tumanov, P. Kashcheeva, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin
The problem of optimal fractionation of the radiation dose remains a key one from the standpoint of a possible increase in the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The basic model of clinical radiobiology on the dynamics of tumor growth under radiation exposure taking into account the proportion of dividing and hypoxic cancer cells is considered. Two scenarios for applying radiation loads are compared: uniform fractionation and dynamic fractionation. Under both scenarios, the values of the total radiation doses and the total duration of treatment (50 Gy, 5 weeks) do not change. After carrying out numerical experiments on a computer, it was found that in the regime of dynamic fractionation of the radiation dose, the number of surviving cancer cells is 11 times less than in the regime of uniform fractionation. The result obtained is of fundamental importance in minimizing the number of relapses at the stages of the tumor process T3, T4.
{"title":"Optimization of radiation therapy for tumors: problem of radiation dose fractionation","authors":"V. Ivanov, Y. Mardynsky, A. Menyajlo, D. Gogolin, I. Gulidov, K. Tumanov, P. Kashcheeva, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of optimal fractionation of the radiation dose remains a key one from the standpoint of a possible increase in the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The basic model of clinical radiobiology on the dynamics of tumor growth under radiation exposure taking into account the proportion of dividing and hypoxic cancer cells is considered. Two scenarios for applying radiation loads are compared: uniform fractionation and dynamic fractionation. Under both scenarios, the values of the total radiation doses and the total duration of treatment (50 Gy, 5 weeks) do not change. After carrying out numerical experiments on a computer, it was found that in the regime of dynamic fractionation of the radiation dose, the number of surviving cancer cells is 11 times less than in the regime of uniform fractionation. The result obtained is of fundamental importance in minimizing the number of relapses at the stages of the tumor process T3, T4.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84368545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-151-161
O. Abramova, M. Kaplan, V. Yuzhakov, V. V. Drozhzhina, T. P. Churikova, E. A. Kozlovtseva, L. N. Bandurko, N. D. Yakovleva, L. Sevankaeva, M. G. Tsyganova, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local form of treatment for the complete eradication of solid malignant neoplasms (PDT). In this work, we studied the efficiency of PDT with the photosensi-tizer (PS) chlorin e6 dimethyl ether (DME Che6) in the treatment of positive for the mutant p53 gene sarcoma M-1. To assess the optimal time for tumor irradiation with laser the kinetics of PS accumulation in tumor and surrounding healthy tissues was studied. The tumor response to PDT was assessed with the use of the following criteria: tumor growth inhibition index (%); tumor complete regression (%); absolute growth rate (K) index, it is used in rats with tumor growth after the treatment; increase in the life expectancy in group of treated animals and the control group of tumor-bearing rats; the treatment response criterion – means the absence of signs of tumor re-currence within 90 days after therapy. On the 21st day after the treatment the PDT efficiency for tumor cells devitalization was assessed by examining the areas exposed to laser radiation and data of histological analysis. Results of the study allow us to state that DME Che6 has a high anti-tumor activity in the treatment of M-1 sarcoma. The maximum inhibitory effect of the PS on ma-lignant neoplasms after PDT is achieved if time between the sensitizer introduction and the laser irradiation beginning is optimal. As a result of pathomorphological assessment of material after PDT, no survived tumor cells with expression of the mutant p53 protein were detected.
{"title":"Efficiency of photosensitizer chlorin e6 dimethyl ether for photodynamic therapy of rat sarcoma M-1","authors":"O. Abramova, M. Kaplan, V. Yuzhakov, V. V. Drozhzhina, T. P. Churikova, E. A. Kozlovtseva, L. N. Bandurko, N. D. Yakovleva, L. Sevankaeva, M. G. Tsyganova, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-151-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-2-151-161","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local form of treatment for the complete eradication of solid malignant neoplasms (PDT). In this work, we studied the efficiency of PDT with the photosensi-tizer (PS) chlorin e6 dimethyl ether (DME Che6) in the treatment of positive for the mutant p53 gene sarcoma M-1. To assess the optimal time for tumor irradiation with laser the kinetics of PS accumulation in tumor and surrounding healthy tissues was studied. The tumor response to PDT was assessed with the use of the following criteria: tumor growth inhibition index (%); tumor complete regression (%); absolute growth rate (K) index, it is used in rats with tumor growth after the treatment; increase in the life expectancy in group of treated animals and the control group of tumor-bearing rats; the treatment response criterion – means the absence of signs of tumor re-currence within 90 days after therapy. On the 21st day after the treatment the PDT efficiency for tumor cells devitalization was assessed by examining the areas exposed to laser radiation and data of histological analysis. Results of the study allow us to state that DME Che6 has a high anti-tumor activity in the treatment of M-1 sarcoma. The maximum inhibitory effect of the PS on ma-lignant neoplasms after PDT is achieved if time between the sensitizer introduction and the laser irradiation beginning is optimal. As a result of pathomorphological assessment of material after PDT, no survived tumor cells with expression of the mutant p53 protein were detected.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85725991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-46-55
T. Sharapova, A. Tuzov, T. Teplova
The authors present their technique to describe characteristics of radionuclides migration in the topsoil. The developed method is based on the fractal analysis of spatial patterns. For the qualitative analysis Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the topsoil layer was measured. These radionuclides were selected for analysis due to their long half-life and the ability to be easily included in the food chain, that can cause internal or external exposure of the public to the radionuclides. Abnormal diffusion of the radionuclides detected with the use of the fractal analysis speaks on non-classical spatial distribution of the radionuclides. The technique allows improvement of radioenvironmental monitoring program.
{"title":"Evaluating application of fractal analysis of environmental radiation monitoring data for description of characteristics of radionuclides migration in the topsoil of the observation area of JSC \"SSC RIAR\"","authors":"T. Sharapova, A. Tuzov, T. Teplova","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present their technique to describe characteristics of radionuclides migration in the topsoil. The developed method is based on the fractal analysis of spatial patterns. For the qualitative analysis Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the topsoil layer was measured. These radionuclides were selected for analysis due to their long half-life and the ability to be easily included in the food chain, that can cause internal or external exposure of the public to the radionuclides. Abnormal diffusion of the radionuclides detected with the use of the fractal analysis speaks on non-classical spatial distribution of the radionuclides. The technique allows improvement of radioenvironmental monitoring program.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78573401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-113-122
T. Sazykina, A. Kryshev
Model is suggested to calculating energy absorption in organisms of various geometry from in-corporated sources of monoenergetic electrons. The effectiveness of the approach was demon-strated for spheres, ellipsoids, and cylinders by comparison of analytical values with large inter-national testing data. Model equations are free of any fitting parameters; computer approximating procedures are not employed. The method allows to make correct express-calculations of inter-nal absorbed doses in various biological objects from beta emitting radionuclides; the calcula-tions are performed without Monte Carlo codes. The model may be used in the internal radiation dosimetry for non-human biota, and in environmental radiation protection.
{"title":"Model for calculating energy absorption in environmental objects from incorporated sources of monoenergetic electrons","authors":"T. Sazykina, A. Kryshev","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-113-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-113-122","url":null,"abstract":"Model is suggested to calculating energy absorption in organisms of various geometry from in-corporated sources of monoenergetic electrons. The effectiveness of the approach was demon-strated for spheres, ellipsoids, and cylinders by comparison of analytical values with large inter-national testing data. Model equations are free of any fitting parameters; computer approximating procedures are not employed. The method allows to make correct express-calculations of inter-nal absorbed doses in various biological objects from beta emitting radionuclides; the calcula-tions are performed without Monte Carlo codes. The model may be used in the internal radiation dosimetry for non-human biota, and in environmental radiation protection.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86036873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-8-20
V. Ivanov, A. Lopatkin, E. V. Spirin, V. Solomatin, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, S. Lovachev
The potential health risk of future generations of people from radioactive waste (RW) disposed in deep repository is estimated for three scenarios for the development of nuclear power in Russia. There is currently a zone of uncertainty when making decisions about future power generation technologies. For this zone of uncertainty, the following three scenarios are considered: 1) appli-cation of fast neutron reactors, FR, only; 2) application of thermal neutron reactors, TR; and 3) ap-plication of FR and TR in combination. Long-lived RW from FR is assessed to be ten times less toxic than RW from TR. After reprocessing of the wastes to extract 90% of uranium and plutonium for incineration and americium for transmutation in FR, the toxicity of RW is again reduced by 10 times. Committed effective doses and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) to the public are estimated with account of radionuclides migration from the deep storage to the surface. Due to the RW re-processing the time to the achievement of radiation equivalence of RW stored in the repository and natural uranium ore is reduced to an acceptable time, at which the integrity of RW packages is guaranteed. From the standpoint of modern standards of radiological protection and minimiza-tion the potential carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure on the population, priority in the de-velopment of nuclear energy in Russia should be given to the first scenario of the development of nuclear power, in which FR are used as much as possible to generate electricity. This conclusion should be taken into consideration in adjusting the Strategic plan for the development of nuclear power in Russia.
{"title":"Achievability of radiological equivalence associated with closed nuclear fuel cycle with fast reactors: impact of uncertainty factors in scenarios of Russian nuclear power development through to 2100. Part 2. Migration of radionuclides","authors":"V. Ivanov, A. Lopatkin, E. V. Spirin, V. Solomatin, A. Menyajlo, S. Chekin, S. Lovachev","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-8-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-8-20","url":null,"abstract":"The potential health risk of future generations of people from radioactive waste (RW) disposed in deep repository is estimated for three scenarios for the development of nuclear power in Russia. There is currently a zone of uncertainty when making decisions about future power generation technologies. For this zone of uncertainty, the following three scenarios are considered: 1) appli-cation of fast neutron reactors, FR, only; 2) application of thermal neutron reactors, TR; and 3) ap-plication of FR and TR in combination. Long-lived RW from FR is assessed to be ten times less toxic than RW from TR. After reprocessing of the wastes to extract 90% of uranium and plutonium for incineration and americium for transmutation in FR, the toxicity of RW is again reduced by 10 times. Committed effective doses and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) to the public are estimated with account of radionuclides migration from the deep storage to the surface. Due to the RW re-processing the time to the achievement of radiation equivalence of RW stored in the repository and natural uranium ore is reduced to an acceptable time, at which the integrity of RW packages is guaranteed. From the standpoint of modern standards of radiological protection and minimiza-tion the potential carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure on the population, priority in the de-velopment of nuclear energy in Russia should be given to the first scenario of the development of nuclear power, in which FR are used as much as possible to generate electricity. This conclusion should be taken into consideration in adjusting the Strategic plan for the development of nuclear power in Russia.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77216127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-146-157
G. Suranova, R. Tuhvatshin
The article presents results of clinical and epidemiological analysis of medical records of patients lived in the vicinity of uranium legacy sites and suffered from peripheral artery disease. The rec-ords of 474 patients were examined, 40 of the patients were included in the main group. The con-trol groups 1 and 2 contained 434 patients lived in conditionally "clean" sites, free of waste de-posited in low and middle altitude sites. The results demonstrate prevalence of multilevel occlu-sive lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities group with involvement in the pathological process and distal segments of the vessels (OR=6.26; 2=24.92 and OR=5.56; 2=16.7; p<0.001) in patients of the main group. The higher frequency of critical lower limb ischemia in the main group compared to the control group 2 by 1.42 times (p>0.05) indirectly points to the exertion of altitude adaptation mechanisms in patients living in radionuclide-free (OR=5.38; 2=14.22; p<0.001) and manifestations of chronic ischemia (p>0.05) in the main group exceeded the num-ber in other groups under study allows making suggestion that there were lesions on arterial walls in the main group patients. Femoral-anterior-tibial bypass surgery was implemented more frequently (OR=2.73, 2=5.49, p=0.02; OR=5.35, 2=9.09, p=0.003) in patients of the main group, this fact can be considered as the further confirmation of the presence of damage to the distal parts of the vessels. Based on the study analysis, one can draw conclusion that peripheral artery disease had specific pathogenesis and clinical features in the patients lived in the vicinity of radi-oactive waste storage sites with standard levels of radiation background and mountain climate.
{"title":"Analysis of clinical and epidemiological indicators of peripheral artery disease in patients living in close vicinity of uranium legacy sites","authors":"G. Suranova, R. Tuhvatshin","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-146-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-2-146-157","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of clinical and epidemiological analysis of medical records of patients lived in the vicinity of uranium legacy sites and suffered from peripheral artery disease. The rec-ords of 474 patients were examined, 40 of the patients were included in the main group. The con-trol groups 1 and 2 contained 434 patients lived in conditionally \"clean\" sites, free of waste de-posited in low and middle altitude sites. The results demonstrate prevalence of multilevel occlu-sive lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities group with involvement in the pathological process and distal segments of the vessels (OR=6.26; 2=24.92 and OR=5.56; 2=16.7; p<0.001) in patients of the main group. The higher frequency of critical lower limb ischemia in the main group compared to the control group 2 by 1.42 times (p>0.05) indirectly points to the exertion of altitude adaptation mechanisms in patients living in radionuclide-free (OR=5.38; 2=14.22; p<0.001) and manifestations of chronic ischemia (p>0.05) in the main group exceeded the num-ber in other groups under study allows making suggestion that there were lesions on arterial walls in the main group patients. Femoral-anterior-tibial bypass surgery was implemented more frequently (OR=2.73, 2=5.49, p=0.02; OR=5.35, 2=9.09, p=0.003) in patients of the main group, this fact can be considered as the further confirmation of the presence of damage to the distal parts of the vessels. Based on the study analysis, one can draw conclusion that peripheral artery disease had specific pathogenesis and clinical features in the patients lived in the vicinity of radi-oactive waste storage sites with standard levels of radiation background and mountain climate.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86977482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-112-123
S. Spiridonov, V. E. Nushtaeva
Evaluation of radiation impact on biota inhabiting near nuclear facilities of radioactive release to atmosphere from reactors of different types (WWER-1200, BN-600, BN-800, UVV-2M) is consid-ered in the paper. Radiation dose rates to reference groups of terrestrial biota species (annelids, insects, large and small mammals, grasses and conifers) vary from 0.01 to 0.2 µGy/day. The im-pact of the NPP using up-to-date reactor WWER-1200 is shown to be not exceeding 1% of the to-tal radiation impact. To compare correctly radiation impacts on the biota species from radioactive release and from exposure to established radiation dose rate limits, it is necessary to take into account contribution of all constituents of radiation background. Impacts on biota species from the total exposure to radioactive release or the exposure to established radiation dose rate limits were evaluated. Estimated radiation impact from exposure to the radioactive release did not ex-ceed 0.1; the impact from the established dose rate limits was 0.9. Obtained information allows making the following conclusion: uncertainty of quantitative evaluation of radiation impact on bio-ta in planned radiation situations is mainly caused by uncertainty of established dose rate limits. There is a need to establish dose criteria for emergency, it will allow creating “weighty” radioeco-logic justification of “nuclear power plants with account for potential emergency conditions.
{"title":"Uncertainties in the assessment of the radiation impact on biota in the vicinity of nuclear facilities","authors":"S. Spiridonov, V. E. Nushtaeva","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-112-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-112-123","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of radiation impact on biota inhabiting near nuclear facilities of radioactive release to atmosphere from reactors of different types (WWER-1200, BN-600, BN-800, UVV-2M) is consid-ered in the paper. Radiation dose rates to reference groups of terrestrial biota species (annelids, insects, large and small mammals, grasses and conifers) vary from 0.01 to 0.2 µGy/day. The im-pact of the NPP using up-to-date reactor WWER-1200 is shown to be not exceeding 1% of the to-tal radiation impact. To compare correctly radiation impacts on the biota species from radioactive release and from exposure to established radiation dose rate limits, it is necessary to take into account contribution of all constituents of radiation background. Impacts on biota species from the total exposure to radioactive release or the exposure to established radiation dose rate limits were evaluated. Estimated radiation impact from exposure to the radioactive release did not ex-ceed 0.1; the impact from the established dose rate limits was 0.9. Obtained information allows making the following conclusion: uncertainty of quantitative evaluation of radiation impact on bio-ta in planned radiation situations is mainly caused by uncertainty of established dose rate limits. There is a need to establish dose criteria for emergency, it will allow creating “weighty” radioeco-logic justification of “nuclear power plants with account for potential emergency conditions.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73002645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-32-45
V. G. Puzyrev, I. Vasilyeva, D.A. Zemlyanoi, Y. Kapyrina
Radiation safety takes an essential part in the megalopolises' ecological system. Nowadays the influence of radiation factor on the biosphere is considered one of the determining factors and it causes the necessity to monitor the environmental and radiation safety of the population. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the ambient equivalent dose rate (ADER) of gamma radiation according to automated radiation monitoring system (АSКRО) data and its own measurements in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg. The article presents an analysis of the radiation background of St. Petersburg over the past five years based on the data of the АSКRО, as well as the results of own measurements of the ADER in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg using the dosimeter-radiometer "Ecologist profi". When analyzing the radiation levels of various districts of St. Petersburg, it was found that the regions with a relatively higher level of ADER included the Central and South-Western regions. The results of our own meas-urements are comparable with the data from АSКRО; there are no significant differences be-tween the data samples. The results of the study show that the АSКRО data can be used for a general description of the radiation situation in certain areas of St. Petersburg, but they can not serve as a substitute for operational radiation control (monitoring). It is necessary to constantly control and monitor the radiation situation in the region in order to obtain information for timely detection of changes in the radiation situation and to prevent possible negative consequences of radiation exposure for the population and the natural environment.
{"title":"Features of background radiation of different St. Petersburg districts","authors":"V. G. Puzyrev, I. Vasilyeva, D.A. Zemlyanoi, Y. Kapyrina","doi":"10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-32-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-32-45","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation safety takes an essential part in the megalopolises' ecological system. Nowadays the influence of radiation factor on the biosphere is considered one of the determining factors and it causes the necessity to monitor the environmental and radiation safety of the population. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of the ambient equivalent dose rate (ADER) of gamma radiation according to automated radiation monitoring system (АSКRО) data and its own measurements in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg. The article presents an analysis of the radiation background of St. Petersburg over the past five years based on the data of the АSКRО, as well as the results of own measurements of the ADER in the South-Western district of St. Petersburg using the dosimeter-radiometer \"Ecologist profi\". When analyzing the radiation levels of various districts of St. Petersburg, it was found that the regions with a relatively higher level of ADER included the Central and South-Western regions. The results of our own meas-urements are comparable with the data from АSКRО; there are no significant differences be-tween the data samples. The results of the study show that the АSКRО data can be used for a general description of the radiation situation in certain areas of St. Petersburg, but they can not serve as a substitute for operational radiation control (monitoring). It is necessary to constantly control and monitor the radiation situation in the region in order to obtain information for timely detection of changes in the radiation situation and to prevent possible negative consequences of radiation exposure for the population and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":6315,"journal":{"name":"\"Radiation and Risk\" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73008728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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