Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

In this study, a low temperature solution growth was employed to synthesize bismuth(III) oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanostructures (BO), cobalt tailored Bi₂O₃ (BOC) and a composite of cobalt along with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated into Bi₂O₃ (BOCM) for high-performance supercapacitor electrode applications. Structural and compositional analyses confirmed the formation of the desired phases, functional groups, vibrational modes, and chemical states. The XRD results revealed an average crystallite size of 25 nm for all the samples along with high crystallinity. SEM and TEM morphological studies indicated flake-like and sheet-like structures, beneficial for ion transport. Electrochemical measurements showed that among the three, the BOCM composite achieved the highest charge storage capability (1402.2 F g⁻¹). Specifically, BOCM demonstrated a 42.4% improvement in capacitance over BOC, indicating enhanced ion diffusion as a complementary action of MWCNTs. Electrochemical impedance testing demonstrated that BOCM featured the minimal solution and charge-transfer resistances, underlining its enhanced electrical conductivity. Moreover, the asymmetric device assembled using BOCM delivered an energy output of 31 Wh kg⁻¹ along with a power delivery rate of 1094 W kg⁻¹, highlighting its potential in advanced energy storage applications.

FeVO₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a green solution combustion route using Salvia hispanica seed powder as a biofuel, with ferric nitrate hexahydrate and ammonium metavanadate as metal precursors. The synthesis was performed at 500 °C for 15 min and followed by calcination at 600 °C for 3 h. Comprehensive structural and morphological analyses (XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, PL, and SEM) confirmed the formation of well-crystallized, rod-like porous FeVO₄ NPs. When applied to electrochemical sensing, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with FeVO₄ NPs demonstrated excellent performance in detecting L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The sensor exhibited a linear response across the 50–500 µM concentration range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 21.3 µM and high selectivity at physiological pH 7.0. In photocatalytic studies, the FeVO₄ NPs achieved 98% degradation of Rose Bengal dye under visible light irradiation within 90 min. The degradation efficiency was influenced by dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH, with optimal activity also observed at pH 7.0. Furthermore, the NPs were effectively employed in forensic applications for latent fingerprint detection on glass and metal surfaces, where they emitted distinct red fluorescence under UV light and showed high contrast and clarity compared to conventional powders. These findings underscore the multifunctionality of green-synthesized FeVO₄ NPs and their potential for applications in electrochemical sensing, environmental remediation, and forensic science.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) present a promising, cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage. However, their development is hindered by the lack of high-performance electrode materials that can withstand significant volume expansion and accommodate the large ionic radius of K⁺. This work addresses this challenge by developing a Cr-doping strategy for MoSe₂ anodes. Comprehensive characterization reveals that optimal Cr-doping effectively modulates the electronic structure and expands the interlayer spacing of MoSe₂. These synergistic improvements significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and provide more active sites as well as wider diffusion channels for K⁺. Consequently, the optimized Cr-doped MoSe₂ electrode delivers superior electrochemical performance for PIBs. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 171.1 mAh g⁻¹ after 600 cycles at a current density of 2 A g⁻¹ and achieves a high-rate capacity of 168.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹. Electrochemical kinetics analysis confirms enhanced pseudocapacitive contributions and faster K⁺ diffusion kinetics. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that Cr-doping strengthens K⁺ adsorption energy and induces metallic-like electronic behavior, thereby improving conductivity. This study demonstrates that rational Cr doping is a highly effective strategy for engineering high-performance MoSe₂-based anodes, offering a viable pathway towards advanced potassium-ion storage systems.

CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) has been widely studied for capacitor applications due to its excellent giant dielectric constant and frequency stability, but its development is limited by its low breakdown field strength (E_b). To promote E_b and primarily clarify the intrinsic mechanism, a synergistic strategy combining Sr substitution for Ca in CCTO ceramics with the polymer pyrolysis method was adopted. With the increase of Sr substitution, the average grain size of the ceramics gradually decreased and E_b was remarkably enhanced. In particular, an E_b of 106.0 kV/cm at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm² was achieved for Ca_0.4Sr_0.6Cu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramics, which is mainly attributed to the tremendous increase in grain boundary resistance induced by the increase of grain boundary density and formation of the insulating secondary phase SrO resulting from Sr substitution. We hope this study will provide a potential solution for the fabrication of CCTO-based dielectric ceramics with excellent E_b.

The advancement of supercapacitor technologies depends on the development of effective electrode materials with excellent conductivity, large surface area, and robust electrochemical stability. In this work, we report the synthesis of copper vanadium oxide (CuV₂O₆) integrated with nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (N-GO) using a straightforward hydrothermal method followed by thermal treatment. The addition of N-GO not only improves the composite’s electrical conductivity but also provides a conductive matrix that enables efficient charge transfer and rapid ion transport. The resulting CuV₂O₆/N-GO hybrid exhibits a well-connected, layered nanostructure characterized by a large specific surface area, promoting plenty of electroactive sites. Electrochemical characterization reveals an elevated specific capacity of 693 C g⁻¹ (1155 F g⁻¹) at 5 mV s⁻¹, along with excellent rate capability and cycling stability, retaining 81.39% of its capacity after 5000 cycles. A symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device assembled using CuV₂O₆/N-GO as the positive and negative electrodes delivers an impressive energy density of 66.6 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 2700 W kg⁻¹. The device sustained 75% capacitance retention over 3600 cycles.

Organic single crystals of β-anilinium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (BA4BS) were grown at room temperature using the slow evaporation solution technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) confirmed that BA4BS crystallizes in a centrosymmetric monoclinic P2₁/c space group, while powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) results matched well with the simulated CIF pattern, confirming phase purity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyse the vibrational behaviour, and UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed an optical band gap of 3.819 eV. The thermal durability threshold of BA4BS crystal was determined to be 151 °C, and successive thermal degradation temperatures were examined using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). Photoconductivity studies revealed negative photoconductive behaviour, and dielectric constant (ε′) and loss (tan δ) measurements were performed over a range of frequencies at room temperature to evaluate the electrical properties. Charge transfer pathways were examined via HOMO–LUMO analysis, and Hirshfeld surface mapping visualized the spatial distribution of intermolecular interactions. Topological investigations were conducted to elucidate the electronic structure and intermolecular interactions within the material. Open and closed aperture Z-scan studies revealed self-defocusing and reverse saturable absorption, yielding third-order NLO parameters with ({chi }^{left(3right)}=2.555times {10}^{-6}) esu. The combination of favourable optical properties, thermal stability, and pronounced nonlinear ({chi }^{left(3right)}) response establishes BA4BS as a viable material with potential applications in optical limiting, photonic switching, and frequency conversion systems.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of ZnMOF, PPy@ZnMOF, and RuO₂@PPy@ZnMOF composites intended for supercapacitor applications. The synthesis of ZnMOF was achieved through a solvothermal method, followed by the preparation of the composites PPy@ZnMOF and RuO₂@PPy@ZnMOF using interface insitu chemical oxidative polymerization. The functional groups, crystallinity and the morphology of the MOF and its composites were analyzed by the FTIR, XRD, HRSEM and XPS techniques. The electrochemical properties was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ternary composite RuO₂@PPy@ZnMOF had a Specific capacitance of 1629 F g⁻¹ at the scan rate 10 mVs⁻¹ in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. According to GCD stability analysis up to 2000 cycles RuO₂@PPy@ZnMOF had a capacity retention of 85% at 1 mA g⁻¹. The combination of metal oxide nanoparticles and conducting polymer with MOF has been explored in this work.

(In + Nb) co-doped Bi_0.5Na_0.5Ti_1-x(In_0.5Nb_0.5)_xO₃ ceramics (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) were prepared via the conventional solid-state method. With increasing doping level, the crystal structure transformed gradually from rhombohedral to tetragonal phase. SEM observations revealed dense microstructures, and the average grain sizes increased first and then decreased with increasing doping levels. Raman spectroscopy reveals an increase in oxygen-vacancy concentration, a weakening of Na–O bond polarization, and an increase in the proportion of the tetragonal phase in highly doped samples. XPS analysis confirmed the coexistence of Ti³⁺ and defect oxygen species, with Ti³⁺ showing a slight decrease and defect oxygen showing a marked increase as doping increased. With increasing doping concentration, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the ceramics gradually decrease, while the Curie temperature increases first and then decreases, and the depolarization temperature exhibits a decreasing trend. The optimal performance is achieved at x = 0.01. Moderate In/Nb co-doping is beneficial for enhancing the pyroelectric properties of the ceramics, and this improvement is primarily associated with variations in oxygen vacancies, changes in Ti³⁺ concentration, and the formation of defect dipoles.

(begin{gathered} Ni_{0.7 - x} Cd_{0.3 + x} Cr_{2} O_{4} left( {x = 0,,0.4} right) hfill hfill end{gathered}) spinel chromites were successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the particle size and morphology, while Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the spinel structure through characteristic absorption bands at ~ 568 cm⁻¹ (x = 0) and ~ 618 cm⁻¹ (x = 0.4). Magnetic measurements at 300 K reveal ed paramagnetic behavior for both samples, with temperature-dependent magnetization showing antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic transitions at Neel temperatures (T_N) of 52 K (x = 0) and 37 K (x = 0.4). The decrease in T_N with Cd substitution is attributed to the dilution of magnetic interactions. Optical analysis indicated that both the band gap energy (E_g) and Urbach energy (E_u) decreased significantly with increasing Cd content. Photocatalytic activity, assessed through the degradation of methylene blue, was notably enhanced in the Cd-rich sample, likely due to improved charge carrier separation. These results demonstrate that Cd substitution effectively tunes the structural, magnetic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of Ni–Cd–Cr spinel chromites, underscoring their potential for environmental remediation applications.

MgCoNiO₄ nanocomposites possess excellent structural, optical, and thermal properties, making them promising candidates for use in light-emitting diode (LED) devices and other photonic technologies. MgCoNiO₄ nanocomposites were synthesized via the co-precipitation method for the first time. Structural, optical, vibrational, and morphological characterizations using PXRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDX confirm the formation of highly crystalline spinel structures with nanoscale grains and uniform elemental distribution. It was verified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) that the samples form a cubic spinel structure during crystallization, and the average crystallite size is 25–35 nm. For vibrational mode investigation, Raman spectroscopy was used, and for functional group and chemical bond identification, FTIR spectroscopy was employed. Using UV–Visible–NIR spectrophotometry, we investigated optical properties and found a sharp absorption peak at around 760 nm, and the approximate optical band gap is concerning 4.9 eV. The surface appearance and microstructure were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), among an average particle dimension of about 70–80 nm, while the elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Further studies were carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the surface chemical states. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed a strong blue–green luminescence with an emission peak at 501 nm, making it an ideal candidate for use in optoelectronic devices. The measured optical band gap (~ 4.9 eV) and photoluminescence suggest potential for catalytic and energy storage applications.