Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

The powdered samples of pure and Sn-Zn co-doped Bi₂Te₃ were synthesized using the solvothermal method at 200 °C. XRD analysis provided information regarding hexagonal crystal structure and space group R-3 m. The lattice parameters were obtained from Rietveld refinement which shows a decrease after Sn-Zn co-doping. The variation in lattice strain, dislocation density and stacking faults provides information regarding the presence of defects in samples. FESEM confirms the hexagonal plate-like morphology of the synthesized samples. The length of synthesized hexagonal nanoplates was in the range of 70–270 nm and the thickness was in the range of 10–20 nm. EDS spectra provided the elemental composition for all samples. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of three vibrational modes ({text{A}}_{1text{g}}^{1}), ({text{E}}_{text{g}}^{2}) and ({text{A}}_{1text{g}}^{2}) in the samples. XPS was used to obtain the chemical states of the elements present in the samples. Hall measurement provided the carrier concentration in the range of 1.126 × 10¹⁸—7.168 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ and mobility in the range of 110–71 cm²/Vs at room temperature. The electrical conductivity of Sn-Zn co-doped samples was increased with increasing doping content and the highest electrical conductivity of 0.658 × 10² S/cm was obtained for Sn_0.03Zn_0.03Bi_1.94Te₃ sample at 473 K. The highest value of Seebeck coefficient was observed in the pure sample which is -148.746 μV/K at room temperature. The value of power factor was calculated from electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient which shows that the highly doped sample Sn_0.03Zn_0.03Bi_1.94Te₃ has the highest value of power factor which is 0.628 × 10^–5 Wm⁻¹ K⁻² at room temperature which can enhance figure of merit.

Multifunctional single crystal of Piperazine were grown successfully by solution growth method. A good crystalline nature of the Piperazine single crystal characterized by UV–Vis, Powder XRD spectrum. A Panoramic study of the titled organic compound has been investigated for the experimental charge density with Density Functional Theory. Quantum Chemical calculations performed using the correlation function of Becke Three Lee Yang Parr for this Piperazine molecule with the basis set of 6311G +  + (d,p). Optimized structural infer have been studied thoroughly via vibrational properties, chemical properties and other parameters. Nature and strength of interaction visualized in Electron Localization Function and Localized Orbital Locator, numerically calculated in (3, − 1) Bond critical points from Topological Analysis by using Bader’s AIM theory. Shared shell interaction and Lone pairs were found in the N–C bonding. This organic compound has a global electrophilicity index of 2.228 eV and it is a soft molecule with good electrophile, analyzed from the Frontier orbital analysis. Possible interaction site was evaluated in the Molecular Electrostatic Potential.

This study presents a simple and effective bio-templated synthesis method for fabricating zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanofiber photoelectrodes, designed to enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity across different electrolytes. Utilizing kapok fiber as a bio-template, a nanofibril-structured catalyst was synthesized and deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via electrophoretic deposition, resulting in thin film photoelectrodes. Comprehensive analytical and spectroscopy techniques, including FESEM, EDX, XRD, ATR-FTIR, UV–Vis, BET, and XPS, confirmed the purity and physiochemical properties of the synthesized sample. PEC measurements reveal that the ZnFe₂O₄ nanofiber photoelectrode achieves significant current densities in different electrolytes, with KOH showing the highest performance followed by Na₂SO₄, Na₂SO₃, and NaOH, respectively, at 0.5 M and 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The preparation of the bio-mimetic ZnFe₂O₄ nanofiber photocatalyst proves to be a facile, cost-effective, and promising photoanode material for PEC applications, contributing significantly to the advancement of environmentally friendly and efficient energy conversion technologies.

Type 3–2 ceramic-air composites are improved from the structure of type 1–3 piezoelectric composites. Type 3–2 piezoelectric materials are made of PZT-5A and air composites. The effect of piezoelectric ceramic volume share on vibration patterns, electromechanical coupling coefficients, acoustic impedance of type 3–2 ceramic-air composites was analyzed using ANSYS finite element simulation software. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of the type 3–2 piezoelectric composites was found to be maintained at 0.65, while the acoustic impedance increased from 18.1MRaly to 20.3MRaly with the increase of the ceramic volume percentage. To validate the simulated data, three sets of test samples with different ceramic volume percentages were prepared, and the experimental and simulated data were found to be essentially identical upon comparison.

Copper oxide/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (CuO/TiO₂ NP) were synthesized by precipitation. The polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) were prepared using the casting technique, incorporating Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) with varying concentrations of CuO/TiO₂ nanoparticles: 2, 4, and 8 wt%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated a reduction in the crystallinity of the PNCs, highlighting changes in their microcrystalline properties. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposites and identified the functional groups present. The optical properties were examined with a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and each film’s absorbance coefficient was calculated. Incorporating 8% CuO/TiO₂ into the HPMC/PEO matrix reduced the bandgap energies (E_gd and E_gin) of pure HPMC/PEO to 3.06 eV and 0.63 eV, respectively. The Urbach energy (Eu) values increased from 0.225 ± 0.022 eV to 0.423 ± 0.052 eV as the CuO/TiO₂ concentration increased from 0 to 8 wt%. Adding CuO/TiO₂ NP to the HPMC/PEO matrix significantly improved charge conduction, as evidenced by enhanced conductivity results in the filled samples. With increasing frequency, both the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) decreased. Impedance studies revealed that increasing the CuO/TiO₂ concentration from 0 to 8 wt% reduced the bulk resistance (Rb) from 2.48 × 10⁷ Ω to 1.50 × 10⁶ Ω, enhancing ionic conductivity and confirming the suitability of the HPMC/PEO–CuO/TiO₂ nanocomposite for microelectronic applications. Overall, the experimental results suggest that the synthesized nanocomposites hold great promise for use in optoelectronic devices and capacitive energy storage systems.

In this study, polypyrrole (Ppy) and polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube (Ppy/MWCNT) composites were synthesized using a chemical oxidation polymerization process, with methyl orange acting as a surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous structure of the Ppy/MWCNT composites, while Raman spectroscopy provided insights into molecular interactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the presence of C–H and C–C bonds in the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the cylindrical shape and chemical composition of the composite particles. The electrical conductivities of Ppy and Ppy/MWCNT(20wt%) nanocomposites were measured as 2.25 and 3.849 S/cm at 30 °C, and 4.77 and 6.49 S/cm at 100 °C, respectively. At an acetone concentration of 200 ppm, the Ppy/MWCNT (20 wt%) composite exhibited the highest sensitivity, with a response of 62.18% and a rapid response time of 50 s. The effects of humidity and selectivity on the nanocomposites were also investigated, showing that acetone had the highest selectivity over CO₂, hexane, and chloroform. These results underscore the potential of Ppy/MWCNT nanocomposites as effective materials for acetone gas detection, offering advantages such as lower operating temperatures and improved selectivity and sensing performance compared to pure Ppy.

Silicon carbide (SiC) presents significant application prospects in the light of wave-absorbing, attributed to its excellent electrical and physicochemical properties. By utilizing the synergistic loss mechanism, SiC compounding with the magnetic can markedly enhance the absorption efficiency of electromagnetic wave (EMW) which is an important technical mean to optimize the wave-absorbing capabilities. In this paper, polycarbosilane (PCS) was used as a precursor to prepare (SiC)_p and Ni@SiC composites were successfully synthesized by chemical plating without palladium activation, in order to explore the lightweight SiC-based wave-absorbing material that exhibits intense absorption and wide bandwidth. It is shown that when the (SiC)_p is about 60 μm, the A2-Ni@SiC demonstrates the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −50.27 dB at 8.04 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.64 GHz at 3.0 mm (from 7.24 to 12.88 GHz). When the particle size of (SiC)_p is further refined to about 5 μm, the prepared B2-Ni@SiC shows exceptional wave-absorbing performance achieving the RL_min of −66.10 dB at 3.4 mm, along with an EAB of 4.44 GHz (from 5.56 to 10.0 GHz). The enhancement in wave-absorbing is likely due to the increased interfacial polarization at the Ni-(SiC)_p interface, as well as the improved matching of the hybridized constituents.

The reliability and performance of solder ball joints are critical factors affecting the durability and functionality of electronic parts. This study investigates the relationship between metal pad size and the bonding force of solder ball joints. Mechanical strength tests were performed on solder ball bonds with various pad diameters and heights to evaluate the shear stress. Results showed that there is a direct correlation between pad size and bonding stress, with larger pad sizes increasing the contact area and forming a larger area of intermetallic compounds during reflow soldering, resulting in improved mechanical robustness. Conversely, smaller pad sizes were found to be more susceptible to mechanical failure and crack propagation under stress and exhibited higher solder ball dropout rates and misalignment. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing pad design in microelectronic packaging to improve the mechanical reliability of solder ball bonding in applications. Furthermore, it also highlights the importance of considering pad size as a critical parameter in the design and manufacturing process of electronic components.

The incorporation of reinforcement phases is essential for enhancing the arc erosion resistance and anti-welding properties of silver (Ag)-based contact materials. However, the mechanism by which carbon fibers (CFs) affect the arc erosion behavior of the Ag matrix is not yet clear. In this study, Ag-based contact materials containing CFs were produced using a series of techniques, including electroless plating, ball milling, and the powder metallurgy method. The effect of CFs content on the arc erosion behavior of Ag-CFs contact materials was investigated. The results indicate that the interface between the copper (Cu)-plated CFs and the Ag matrix is tightly bonded. As the content of the Cu-plated CFs increases, the relative densities and conductivities of the materials decrease, and the hardness initially increases and then decreases. Experiments have shown that adding CFs could improve arc erosion resistance. Specifically, Ag-3.7 vol% CFs contact materials maintain relatively stable and low average arc energy and average arc time. The direction of material transfer is from the anode to the cathode, and the amount transferred is relatively minimal. The outcomes of this study provide a novel methodology for the development of Ag-C contact materials and pave the way for further investigations into the electrical properties of Ag-CFs contact materials

Visible photodetectors are essentially utilized in optical communications and image sensing. CuGaS₂ is a ternary chalcopyrite system comprising greater absorption coefficient and direct bandgap is a suitable semiconductor for photodetector applications. Here, we present the preparation of pristine and Cobalt-doped CuGaS₂ (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt.%) thin film photodetectors using chemical spray pyrolysis method. Structural studies affirm the pure phase of CuGaS₂ and the incorporation of Cobalt dopants. Morphological studies confirm the presence of dopants on the CuGaS₂ lattice. Optical studies show the bandgap reduction due to Co doping which enhances photon absorption. The quick response under light illumination of the photodetectors is scrutinized by photoresponse studies at low power density of 4 mW/cm² and operation bias of 1 V. Responsivity and detectivity of pristine and Co-doped CuGaS₂ thin film photodetectors were determined and all devices show outstanding photoresponse in spite of having higher active area (1 cm²). Notably, the 1.0 wt.% Co-doped CuGaS₂ device show highest responsivity and detectivity of 2.40 µAW⁻¹ and 3.52 × 10⁷ Jones respectively despite having low operation bias and higher active area. The tuning of optical and electrical properties via doping resulted in this higher output. Therefore, Cobalt-doped CuGaS₂ thin films has great potential in advancing high performance photodetectors.