Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893538
S. Muji, R. Amirulah, R. Ambar, R. A. Rahim, M. Rahiman
This paper presents the development of image reconstruction for optical tomography using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board, DE0 Nano. This design eliminated the need of computer in image reconstruction stage. Therefore, this will simplify the overall design, where the image will be displayed on an Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) only and this could make the system more portable compare to the existing design of an optical tomography system. Experimental result shows that the developed system can process image in real time as the FPGA is a type of parallel computation controller.
{"title":"Development of image reconstruction using FPGA","authors":"S. Muji, R. Amirulah, R. Ambar, R. A. Rahim, M. Rahiman","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893538","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of image reconstruction for optical tomography using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board, DE0 Nano. This design eliminated the need of computer in image reconstruction stage. Therefore, this will simplify the overall design, where the image will be displayed on an Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) only and this could make the system more portable compare to the existing design of an optical tomography system. Experimental result shows that the developed system can process image in real time as the FPGA is a type of parallel computation controller.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"90 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78446573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893642
Ijaz Khan, M. Jamil, T. Ibrahim, F. Nor
This paper present a proposed method for automatic human age at death estimation using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The bone samples are taken from ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia and fibula of Malaysian population. Ten different bone microstructures are selected for analysis in order to create regression equation for age estimation. Selected microstructure can be extracted using image preprocessing and texture extraction algorithms. Different classification methods are proposed for automatic human age estimation in Malaysian population. This paper provide significant implications in the computation of fragmentary skeletal remains and forensic population samples for age estimation purpose.
{"title":"Automated human age estimation at death via bone microstructures","authors":"Ijaz Khan, M. Jamil, T. Ibrahim, F. Nor","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893642","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present a proposed method for automatic human age at death estimation using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The bone samples are taken from ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia and fibula of Malaysian population. Ten different bone microstructures are selected for analysis in order to create regression equation for age estimation. Selected microstructure can be extracted using image preprocessing and texture extraction algorithms. Different classification methods are proposed for automatic human age estimation in Malaysian population. This paper provide significant implications in the computation of fragmentary skeletal remains and forensic population samples for age estimation purpose.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"580-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85526625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893557
Jin Yeong Tan, P. Ker, D. Mani, P. Arumugam
The necessity for vehicles to stop or slow down for toll fee payment results in traffic congestion and reduces fuel efficiency. Hence, a system that enables road users to pay the toll fees without stopping or slowing down was proposed and developed. Hardware and software designs were carried out to develop a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based highway toll collection system. This system was developed using a Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller. Different modules such as GPS module, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, speaker, wireless Wi-Fi router modem and wireless Wi-Fi adapter were incorporated and integrated with the microcontroller to perform a few specific functions. In general, the system utilized GPS coordinates to detect whether a vehicle passed through predefined locations in the database and the travel details were recorded. The Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller was configured as a personal cloud server to allow online access of travel logs. This developed system presents a different approach for highway toll collection which eliminates travel delays and construction of expensive gantries or toll booths.
{"title":"Development of a GPS-based highway toll collection system","authors":"Jin Yeong Tan, P. Ker, D. Mani, P. Arumugam","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893557","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity for vehicles to stop or slow down for toll fee payment results in traffic congestion and reduces fuel efficiency. Hence, a system that enables road users to pay the toll fees without stopping or slowing down was proposed and developed. Hardware and software designs were carried out to develop a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based highway toll collection system. This system was developed using a Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller. Different modules such as GPS module, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, speaker, wireless Wi-Fi router modem and wireless Wi-Fi adapter were incorporated and integrated with the microcontroller to perform a few specific functions. In general, the system utilized GPS coordinates to detect whether a vehicle passed through predefined locations in the database and the travel details were recorded. The Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller was configured as a personal cloud server to allow online access of travel logs. This developed system presents a different approach for highway toll collection which eliminates travel delays and construction of expensive gantries or toll booths.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83234527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893574
Syed Syahril, K. S. Subari, N. N. Ahmad
This research investigates the relationship between the electroencephalography (EEG) signal and basic human emotions. In the first experiment, EEG signals were collected from electrodes at locations Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F4 from 4 male and 4 female test subjects while exposed to audio-visual stimuli. The stimuli were selected to evoke 4 groups of emotions i.e., sad, fear, happiness and disgust. The signals were then processed to remove artifacts using a novel modified empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. Subsequently, spectral features derived from the α- and β-bands were derived from the artifact-free EEG using a modified Welch periodogram technique with emphasis on finding the optimum number of Welch segments and epoch length. The hypothesis derived from the first experiment was subsequently tested on an additional 7 male subjects. It was observed that the α-peak frequency consistently had the highest magnitudes for happiness-evoked emotion for male subjects. Based on this observation, we speculate that the α-peak frequency can be used to quantify the level of happiness experienced by an individual.
{"title":"EEG and emotions: α-peak frequency as a quantifier for happiness","authors":"Syed Syahril, K. S. Subari, N. N. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893574","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the relationship between the electroencephalography (EEG) signal and basic human emotions. In the first experiment, EEG signals were collected from electrodes at locations Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F4 from 4 male and 4 female test subjects while exposed to audio-visual stimuli. The stimuli were selected to evoke 4 groups of emotions i.e., sad, fear, happiness and disgust. The signals were then processed to remove artifacts using a novel modified empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. Subsequently, spectral features derived from the α- and β-bands were derived from the artifact-free EEG using a modified Welch periodogram technique with emphasis on finding the optimum number of Welch segments and epoch length. The hypothesis derived from the first experiment was subsequently tested on an additional 7 male subjects. It was observed that the α-peak frequency consistently had the highest magnitudes for happiness-evoked emotion for male subjects. Based on this observation, we speculate that the α-peak frequency can be used to quantify the level of happiness experienced by an individual.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"61 1","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88304300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893573
B. Ilias, S. Shukor, A. H. Adom, N. Rahim, Mohd Firdaus Ibrahim, S. Yaacob
This paper describes the usage of sixteen piece 40 kHz ultrasonic sensors, known as Ultrasonic Sensor Bank (USB-16) mounted on a mobile robot platform. The Homogeneous Transformation Matrix (HTM) and trigonometric algorithm is utilized in this research as a wall mapping algorithm. The walls were designed with four types of basic shapes such as rectangle, triangle, curved and square, which are rarely tested by researchers in real time. Mapping and localization within real laboratory environment was also conducted. In this research, the USB-16 sensor bank transmitted ultrasonic signals in frequency waveform to the wall; the reflected signal was then filtered by a Nominal Wall Angle (NWA) algorithm to optimize the accuracy of the measured data. The purpose of this research is to determine the capability of USB-16 in not only providing an accurate map, but also its capability to recognize shapes and localization during mapping based on the size of walls. Next, NWA and KNN algorithm were applied in this experiment to study the accuracy of localization algorithm. This experiment had been carried out with two types of data sets, distance and coordinates. With the combination of these algorithms, the system can improve the accuracy of localization from 80% to 90% for basic wall shape and 78% for real laboratory environment. Basic Stamp, Basic Atom, LabVIEW and MATLAB software were fully utilized in the Self Localization and Mapping problem.
{"title":"Indoor mobile robot localization using KNN","authors":"B. Ilias, S. Shukor, A. H. Adom, N. Rahim, Mohd Firdaus Ibrahim, S. Yaacob","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the usage of sixteen piece 40 kHz ultrasonic sensors, known as Ultrasonic Sensor Bank (USB-16) mounted on a mobile robot platform. The Homogeneous Transformation Matrix (HTM) and trigonometric algorithm is utilized in this research as a wall mapping algorithm. The walls were designed with four types of basic shapes such as rectangle, triangle, curved and square, which are rarely tested by researchers in real time. Mapping and localization within real laboratory environment was also conducted. In this research, the USB-16 sensor bank transmitted ultrasonic signals in frequency waveform to the wall; the reflected signal was then filtered by a Nominal Wall Angle (NWA) algorithm to optimize the accuracy of the measured data. The purpose of this research is to determine the capability of USB-16 in not only providing an accurate map, but also its capability to recognize shapes and localization during mapping based on the size of walls. Next, NWA and KNN algorithm were applied in this experiment to study the accuracy of localization algorithm. This experiment had been carried out with two types of data sets, distance and coordinates. With the combination of these algorithms, the system can improve the accuracy of localization from 80% to 90% for basic wall shape and 78% for real laboratory environment. Basic Stamp, Basic Atom, LabVIEW and MATLAB software were fully utilized in the Self Localization and Mapping problem.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"73 1","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893563
A. Idris, Azrinawati Samaon, Mohd Syarhan Idris
Finding the optimization of power allocation of subcarrier is always a challenge in MIMO-OFDMA schemes in order to maximize the capacity of the system. Resources allocation is process how set of network is decide in wireless system. This research is to study restriction of proportional rate and total power among user in MIMO-OFDMA scheme and the power allocation and capacity of subcarrier in the scheme. The objectives are to suggest by using Greedy Power Allocation for capacity increment in MIMO-OFDMA system and to evaluate the system by Greedy Subcarrier Allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the capacity of the network compared with the waterfilling when using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with value 6dB. The proposed algorithm shows comparison between the noise to sub-channel ratio and power allocation in the midst of data sub-channel for 25, 75 and 100 users. It shows that there is no significant difference in power allocation of data subcarriers even if the number of users is increased.
{"title":"Performance analysis of resource allocation downlink for MIMO-OFDMA system using greedy algorithm","authors":"A. Idris, Azrinawati Samaon, Mohd Syarhan Idris","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893563","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the optimization of power allocation of subcarrier is always a challenge in MIMO-OFDMA schemes in order to maximize the capacity of the system. Resources allocation is process how set of network is decide in wireless system. This research is to study restriction of proportional rate and total power among user in MIMO-OFDMA scheme and the power allocation and capacity of subcarrier in the scheme. The objectives are to suggest by using Greedy Power Allocation for capacity increment in MIMO-OFDMA system and to evaluate the system by Greedy Subcarrier Allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the capacity of the network compared with the waterfilling when using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with value 6dB. The proposed algorithm shows comparison between the noise to sub-channel ratio and power allocation in the midst of data sub-channel for 25, 75 and 100 users. It shows that there is no significant difference in power allocation of data subcarriers even if the number of users is increased.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89754583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893555
B. Frank
A method using optimal control results as input to operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous construction machine control is presented. This method complements the vast research within autonomy to achieve the most fuel efficient solution from results that are already available from concept evaluation and system optimization in early development. The optimal control results are validated and compared to an extensive empirical study to ensure realization in real applications. The optimal control method is based on dynamic programming and finds the global optimum in regards to fuel efficiency [ton/l] at a given productivity [ton/h]. The wheel loader is used as an example due to the complex nature of the system, where the driveline and working hydraulics must work together throughout the work cycle. The main focus in this paper is how to transfer results from the optimal control calculations done offline, with high computational power, to algorithms that can be used online in operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous machine control. The primary result is that the method and algorithms presented in this paper works. The secondary results is that the optimal control solution shows around 15% higher fuel efficiency compared to the highest fuel efficiency measured among real operators in the extensive empirical measurement. The operator with the highest measured fuel efficiency has 20–30% higher average fuel efficiency than the fleet implying that the optimal control results, if used in operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous machine control, can increase the average fleet fuel efficiency by up to 35–45%, depending on operator and application.
{"title":"Utilizing optimal control and physical measurements when developing operator assist, automatic functions and autonomous machines","authors":"B. Frank","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893555","url":null,"abstract":"A method using optimal control results as input to operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous construction machine control is presented. This method complements the vast research within autonomy to achieve the most fuel efficient solution from results that are already available from concept evaluation and system optimization in early development. The optimal control results are validated and compared to an extensive empirical study to ensure realization in real applications. The optimal control method is based on dynamic programming and finds the global optimum in regards to fuel efficiency [ton/l] at a given productivity [ton/h]. The wheel loader is used as an example due to the complex nature of the system, where the driveline and working hydraulics must work together throughout the work cycle. The main focus in this paper is how to transfer results from the optimal control calculations done offline, with high computational power, to algorithms that can be used online in operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous machine control. The primary result is that the method and algorithms presented in this paper works. The secondary results is that the optimal control solution shows around 15% higher fuel efficiency compared to the highest fuel efficiency measured among real operators in the extensive empirical measurement. The operator with the highest measured fuel efficiency has 20–30% higher average fuel efficiency than the fleet implying that the optimal control results, if used in operator assist systems, automatic functions and autonomous machine control, can increase the average fleet fuel efficiency by up to 35–45%, depending on operator and application.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76133194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893630
Noratika Mohammad Somari, M. F. Abdullah, M. K. Osman, A. M. Nazelan, K. A. Ahmad, Sooria Pragash Rao S. Appanan, Loh Kwang Hooi
This paper present the particle contamination detection during plasma etching process by using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and Fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FkNN). In the process of manufacturing semiconductor devices, detecting particle contamination in process tool is a vital factor for determining for product yield. In situ particle is an accurate and cost effective method of contamination control in a production environment which possible to measure particles under actual conditions in real time. Data were collected from two sources Statistical Process Control (SPC) database and Advance Process Control (APC) database. There are four features which are Standard Deviation of voltage bias, Range between minimum and maximum of voltage bias, average of voltage bias and Radio frequency (RF) per Hour. These data are analyzed to identify important features that able to correlate with the particle contamination count during plasma etching process. In this research there are two part of analysis, individual parameter analysis and combination several parameter analysis by using kNN and FkNN. This analysis, used to classify into two levels of contamination, that are low and high particles contamination. By analysis results, kNN method is highest accuracy 83.33% by using standard deviation of voltage bias and FkNN show highest accuracy on combination parameters analysis 80.56% from combination between RF hour and standard deviation of voltage bias.
{"title":"Particles contaminations detection during plasma etching process by using k-nearest neighbors and Fuzzy k-nearest neighbors","authors":"Noratika Mohammad Somari, M. F. Abdullah, M. K. Osman, A. M. Nazelan, K. A. Ahmad, Sooria Pragash Rao S. Appanan, Loh Kwang Hooi","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893630","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present the particle contamination detection during plasma etching process by using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and Fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FkNN). In the process of manufacturing semiconductor devices, detecting particle contamination in process tool is a vital factor for determining for product yield. In situ particle is an accurate and cost effective method of contamination control in a production environment which possible to measure particles under actual conditions in real time. Data were collected from two sources Statistical Process Control (SPC) database and Advance Process Control (APC) database. There are four features which are Standard Deviation of voltage bias, Range between minimum and maximum of voltage bias, average of voltage bias and Radio frequency (RF) per Hour. These data are analyzed to identify important features that able to correlate with the particle contamination count during plasma etching process. In this research there are two part of analysis, individual parameter analysis and combination several parameter analysis by using kNN and FkNN. This analysis, used to classify into two levels of contamination, that are low and high particles contamination. By analysis results, kNN method is highest accuracy 83.33% by using standard deviation of voltage bias and FkNN show highest accuracy on combination parameters analysis 80.56% from combination between RF hour and standard deviation of voltage bias.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"39 1","pages":"512-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78662671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893575
Nor Badariyah Abdul Latip, R. Omar
Safety is one of the vital features in autonomous car that has to be seriously taken into consideration in developing such a car. One of the safety issues for autonomous car is the car inability to faithfully track a pre-planned path, which might cause the car deviate from its intended course. This could lead the car to crash or involve in accident. To address this issue, this paper proposes a path tracking method based on Proportional and Proportional-Derivative controllers considering the kinematic constraints of the car. The performance of both controllers for car-like robot path tracking is evaluated and analysed. The proposed method has been proven to minimize the tracking errors which could help to enhance the safety level of the car.
{"title":"Car-like robot path tracker with kinematic constraints","authors":"Nor Badariyah Abdul Latip, R. Omar","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893575","url":null,"abstract":"Safety is one of the vital features in autonomous car that has to be seriously taken into consideration in developing such a car. One of the safety issues for autonomous car is the car inability to faithfully track a pre-planned path, which might cause the car deviate from its intended course. This could lead the car to crash or involve in accident. To address this issue, this paper proposes a path tracking method based on Proportional and Proportional-Derivative controllers considering the kinematic constraints of the car. The performance of both controllers for car-like robot path tracking is evaluated and analysed. The proposed method has been proven to minimize the tracking errors which could help to enhance the safety level of the car.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86185759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893600
R. Ramli, Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif Al-sahlanee, N. Z. N. Azman, Azhar A. Rahman, I. S. Mustafa, N. A. Razak, N. S. Ayob, Nabela Zakaria, Hana Mohammed Al-Marri, N. Yahaya
In this study, a new reference range of biparietal diameter (BPD) is developed based on Saudi Arabia population. A number of 2075 pregnant women who attend the maternity check up in 2013 to 2015 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Maternity and Children of Dammam, Saudi Arabia, were involved in this study. The data were recorded from 12th to 40th weeks of gestational age (GA). The BPD was measured using Sony Corporation 1-7-1 Konan Minator-K. On-screen caliper is used to measure the BPD parameter on the frozen image using linear method. The SPSS software version 22.0 was used for analysis, with statistical analysis were performed such as compare means, regression analysis and paired sample t-test. Results show that higher BPD growth rate was found in second trimester (12th to 25th weeks of GA) with 2.90 mm/week compared to third trimester (26th to 40th weeks of GA) with only 1.68 mm/week, proved that the rapid growth of fetus head in second trimester than third trimester. Further analysis on maternal age, number of gravid and gender of the fetus were found no significant impact on the BPD values (p values ≥ 0.05). The BPD value of this study shows no significant difference with the BPD values of USA [1], Norway [2], Australia [3], Zimbabwe [4], India [5], China [6] and Malaysia [7]. Thus, this new BPD values are highly recommended to be used by the medical practitioner as the reference range of fetus biometry for Saudi Arabia population, in regards to provide a better healthcare and well being of the maternal and fetuses.
{"title":"Fetal biometry assessment of biparietal diameter for Saudi Arabia population and comparison with other countries","authors":"R. Ramli, Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif Al-sahlanee, N. Z. N. Azman, Azhar A. Rahman, I. S. Mustafa, N. A. Razak, N. S. Ayob, Nabela Zakaria, Hana Mohammed Al-Marri, N. Yahaya","doi":"10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2016.7893600","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new reference range of biparietal diameter (BPD) is developed based on Saudi Arabia population. A number of 2075 pregnant women who attend the maternity check up in 2013 to 2015 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Maternity and Children of Dammam, Saudi Arabia, were involved in this study. The data were recorded from 12th to 40th weeks of gestational age (GA). The BPD was measured using Sony Corporation 1-7-1 Konan Minator-K. On-screen caliper is used to measure the BPD parameter on the frozen image using linear method. The SPSS software version 22.0 was used for analysis, with statistical analysis were performed such as compare means, regression analysis and paired sample t-test. Results show that higher BPD growth rate was found in second trimester (12th to 25th weeks of GA) with 2.90 mm/week compared to third trimester (26th to 40th weeks of GA) with only 1.68 mm/week, proved that the rapid growth of fetus head in second trimester than third trimester. Further analysis on maternal age, number of gravid and gender of the fetus were found no significant impact on the BPD values (p values ≥ 0.05). The BPD value of this study shows no significant difference with the BPD values of USA [1], Norway [2], Australia [3], Zimbabwe [4], India [5], China [6] and Malaysia [7]. Thus, this new BPD values are highly recommended to be used by the medical practitioner as the reference range of fetus biometry for Saudi Arabia population, in regards to provide a better healthcare and well being of the maternal and fetuses.","PeriodicalId":6540,"journal":{"name":"2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"366-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81553146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：