Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547884
M. Kromer, Michael Zeifman, K. Roth, T. Yip
An open data exchange standard and vendor-agnostic control platform (the “SunDial System”) are used integrate facility loads and demand management, battery energy storage, and solar PV by optimizing power flow on the distribution system in high-penetration solar environments. The integration of forecasting and dayahead shaping of customer loads enabled by SunDial reduces the need for storage by 10-20% and reduces LCOE by $sim$10 % at solar penetrations ranging from 50 to 150% of peak load. A pilot deployment manages a portfolio of 1.5MW of PV, 0.5MW/1.0MWh battery, and 3.5 MW of customer load on a National Grid distribution feeder through June 2019 over a range of use cases.
{"title":"The SunDial Framework: Enabling High Penetration Solar through the Integration of Energy Storage, Demand Management, and Forecasting","authors":"M. Kromer, Michael Zeifman, K. Roth, T. Yip","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547884","url":null,"abstract":"An open data exchange standard and vendor-agnostic control platform (the “SunDial System”) are used integrate facility loads and demand management, battery energy storage, and solar PV by optimizing power flow on the distribution system in high-penetration solar environments. The integration of forecasting and dayahead shaping of customer loads enabled by SunDial reduces the need for storage by 10-20% and reduces LCOE by $sim$10 % at solar penetrations ranging from 50 to 150% of peak load. A pilot deployment manages a portfolio of 1.5MW of PV, 0.5MW/1.0MWh battery, and 3.5 MW of customer load on a National Grid distribution feeder through June 2019 over a range of use cases.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"181 1","pages":"1436-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74981307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547864
Artem Sadula, B. Azzopardi, J. Chircop
The innovation updates of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (Perovskites) patents is reviewed and analyzed in an international context. It is important to have an overview of solar cell patents distribution in recent years. There are four major patents authorities that relevant to organic and perovskite solar cells. The European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) become the main tools for emerging solar cells analysis. In total, 5027 patents related to organic solar cell and 1764 patents related to perovskite solar cell were analyzed and then sorted in thematic subcategories. The analysis shows that inventors make highest impact in solar cells manufacturing areas and highlights the last years leaps in the field.
{"title":"Innovation updates for organic and perovskites solar cells","authors":"Artem Sadula, B. Azzopardi, J. Chircop","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547864","url":null,"abstract":"The innovation updates of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (Perovskites) patents is reviewed and analyzed in an international context. It is important to have an overview of solar cell patents distribution in recent years. There are four major patents authorities that relevant to organic and perovskite solar cells. The European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO), and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) become the main tools for emerging solar cells analysis. In total, 5027 patents related to organic solar cell and 1764 patents related to perovskite solar cell were analyzed and then sorted in thematic subcategories. The analysis shows that inventors make highest impact in solar cells manufacturing areas and highlights the last years leaps in the field.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"1090-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547314
R. Saive, T. C. Russell, H. Atwater
We have performed a computational study on the enhancement of the light absorption within bifacial solar modules with effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). ETCs are triangular cross-section silver fingers that redirect light to the active area of the solar cell and therefore, mitigate finger grid shading losses. Furthermore, ETCs can be spaced densely leading to light trapping. We used a combination of thin film and ray optical simulations and determined that light absorption can be increased by more than 4.5% compared to state-of-the-art metallization due to light trapping and effective transparency. Furthermore, we calculated that grid resistance and silver usage can be improved when using ETCs.
{"title":"Light Trapping in Bifacial Solar Modules Using Effectively Transparent Contacts (ETCs)","authors":"R. Saive, T. C. Russell, H. Atwater","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547314","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed a computational study on the enhancement of the light absorption within bifacial solar modules with effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). ETCs are triangular cross-section silver fingers that redirect light to the active area of the solar cell and therefore, mitigate finger grid shading losses. Furthermore, ETCs can be spaced densely leading to light trapping. We used a combination of thin film and ray optical simulations and determined that light absorption can be increased by more than 4.5% compared to state-of-the-art metallization due to light trapping and effective transparency. Furthermore, we calculated that grid resistance and silver usage can be improved when using ETCs.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0045-0048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77464243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547215
T. Deng, Takuma Sato, Zhihao Xu, R. Takabe, S. Yachi, Y. Yamashita, K. Toko, T. Suemasu
We grew boron-doped p-$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ films with a hole concentration of $1.1times 10^{mathbf{18}} mathbf{cm} ^{mathbf{-3}}$ on a Si(001) substrate (resistivity ${rho =1}-10 W textbf{cm})$ by molecular beam epitaxy to form p-$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}/n-Si$ heterojunction solar cells. The p-BaSi$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ layer thicknesses (d) were varied from 20 to 60 nm to investigateits effect on solar cell performance. The conversion efficiency ($eta$ increased with (d), reached a maximum of 9.8ñ at (d) =40 nm, and degraded for larger (d), indicating that Si(001) surface shows potential for $BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ solar cells. The results were compared with those on Si(111). Next, we will fabricate $BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ homojunction solar cells on Si(001).
{"title":"Investigation of p-BaSi2/n-Si heterojunction solar cells on Si(001) and comparison to those on Si(111)","authors":"T. Deng, Takuma Sato, Zhihao Xu, R. Takabe, S. Yachi, Y. Yamashita, K. Toko, T. Suemasu","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547215","url":null,"abstract":"We grew boron-doped p-$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ films with a hole concentration of $1.1times 10^{mathbf{18}} mathbf{cm} ^{mathbf{-3}}$ on a Si(001) substrate (resistivity ${rho =1}-10 W textbf{cm})$ by molecular beam epitaxy to form p-$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}/n-Si$ heterojunction solar cells. The p-BaSi$BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ layer thicknesses (d) were varied from 20 to 60 nm to investigateits effect on solar cell performance. The conversion efficiency ($eta$ increased with (d), reached a maximum of 9.8ñ at (d) =40 nm, and degraded for larger (d), indicating that Si(001) surface shows potential for $BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ solar cells. The results were compared with those on Si(111). Next, we will fabricate $BaSi_{mathbf{2}}$ homojunction solar cells on Si(001).","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1788-1791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77600325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/pvsc.2018.8548189
W. Ho, Zong-Xian Lin, Wen-Bin Bai, Jheng-Jie Liu, Guan‐Yu Chen, Jhih-Ciang Chen, C. Wei, Wei-Chen Lin, H. Shiao
In this study, photovoltaic performance enhancement of single-junction GaAs solar cells using a spectral conversion layer incorporated with luminescent down-shifting (LDS) and up conversion (UC) phosphor-species is experimental demonstrated. The photo-luminescent wavelengths of proposed LDS- and UC-phosphor species are 512 nm and 650-660 nm, respectively. Optical reflectance and external quantum efficiency response are used to examine LDS and UC effects. The performance enhancements are confirmed by photovoltaic current density-voltage curves under AM 1.5G solar simulation. An impressive increasing in absolute efficiency of 0.91% (from 22.92% to 23.83%) was obtained when the cell coated with a spectral conversion layer incorporated with LDS and up UC phosphor-species, compared to the reference cell efficiency of 22.92%t.
{"title":"The Spectral Conversion Layer Incorporated with Species of LDS and UC Phosphors on Single-Junction GaAs Solar Cells to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance","authors":"W. Ho, Zong-Xian Lin, Wen-Bin Bai, Jheng-Jie Liu, Guan‐Yu Chen, Jhih-Ciang Chen, C. Wei, Wei-Chen Lin, H. Shiao","doi":"10.1109/pvsc.2018.8548189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2018.8548189","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, photovoltaic performance enhancement of single-junction GaAs solar cells using a spectral conversion layer incorporated with luminescent down-shifting (LDS) and up conversion (UC) phosphor-species is experimental demonstrated. The photo-luminescent wavelengths of proposed LDS- and UC-phosphor species are 512 nm and 650-660 nm, respectively. Optical reflectance and external quantum efficiency response are used to examine LDS and UC effects. The performance enhancements are confirmed by photovoltaic current density-voltage curves under AM 1.5G solar simulation. An impressive increasing in absolute efficiency of 0.91% (from 22.92% to 23.83%) was obtained when the cell coated with a spectral conversion layer incorporated with LDS and up UC phosphor-species, compared to the reference cell efficiency of 22.92%t.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"123 1","pages":"2886-2889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77607606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548119
Y. Hirata, Yasuyuki Watanabe, T. Yachi
The output characteristics of transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules and the transmission characteristics of solar radiation were measured on the horizontal plane, and the availability of combined application of trans}}ptextbf{{arent OPV modules and agriculture was confirmed [1], [2]. In agriculture, OPV modules may be applied on the curved surface of greenhouses. In this case, the output characteristics and transmission characteristics of solar radiation on a curved surface must be clarified. Then, the output characteristics of transparent OPV modules were measured on a curved surface. As a result, the effective use of transparent OPV modules on a curved surface was verified.
{"title":"Evaluation of output of transparent organic photovoltaic modules on curved surfaces depending on azimuth","authors":"Y. Hirata, Yasuyuki Watanabe, T. Yachi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8548119","url":null,"abstract":"The output characteristics of transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules and the transmission characteristics of solar radiation were measured on the horizontal plane, and the availability of combined application of trans}}ptextbf{{arent OPV modules and agriculture was confirmed [1], [2]. In agriculture, OPV modules may be applied on the curved surface of greenhouses. In this case, the output characteristics and transmission characteristics of solar radiation on a curved surface must be clarified. Then, the output characteristics of transparent OPV modules were measured on a curved surface. As a result, the effective use of transparent OPV modules on a curved surface was verified.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"1112-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77667223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547796
M. Schubert, P. Beu, F. Heinz, D. Amiri, Elke Gust, B. Steinhauser, S. Janz, F. Schindler
In this work a quantitative approach to assess the specific material related efficiency limits of epitaxially grown silicon wafers is demonstrated. Based on experimental results of injection dependent carrier lifetime images on these wafers the absolute losses of identified defects, namely decorated stacking faults, defects from inhomogeneous processing and underlying homogeneously distributed recombination centers, have been quantified and compared. The losses from decorated stacking faults have been determined as a function of their lateral density. The obtained loss diagrams allow for systematic material optimization.
{"title":"Electrical Limitations in Epitaxially Grown Kerfless Silicon Wafers for Solar Cells","authors":"M. Schubert, P. Beu, F. Heinz, D. Amiri, Elke Gust, B. Steinhauser, S. Janz, F. Schindler","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547796","url":null,"abstract":"In this work a quantitative approach to assess the specific material related efficiency limits of epitaxially grown silicon wafers is demonstrated. Based on experimental results of injection dependent carrier lifetime images on these wafers the absolute losses of identified defects, namely decorated stacking faults, defects from inhomogeneous processing and underlying homogeneously distributed recombination centers, have been quantified and compared. The losses from decorated stacking faults have been determined as a function of their lateral density. The obtained loss diagrams allow for systematic material optimization.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"86 1","pages":"2533-2536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77682206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547274
A. Bercegol, D. Ory, G. El-Hajje, L. Lombez
Photoluminescence recording and analysis is a well-known and powerful characterization tool for semiconductors. Here, we show how our time-resolved fluorescence imaging set-up (TR-FLIM) constitute a self-consistent characterization method for transport properties inside photovoltaic absorbers and devices. We apply this method to both homogeneous GaAs solar cell, featuring enhanced lateral diffusion, and slowly diffusive perovskite absorbers. Relying us on models including in-depth or lateral temporal diffusion and recombination properties, we could fit key optoelectronic properties such as the diffusion length and lifetime of charge carriers, as well as the recombination velocities at critical interfaces.
{"title":"Time-resolved fluorescence imaging as a self-consistent characterization method for photovoltaic materials","authors":"A. Bercegol, D. Ory, G. El-Hajje, L. Lombez","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547274","url":null,"abstract":"Photoluminescence recording and analysis is a well-known and powerful characterization tool for semiconductors. Here, we show how our time-resolved fluorescence imaging set-up (TR-FLIM) constitute a self-consistent characterization method for transport properties inside photovoltaic absorbers and devices. We apply this method to both homogeneous GaAs solar cell, featuring enhanced lateral diffusion, and slowly diffusive perovskite absorbers. Relying us on models including in-depth or lateral temporal diffusion and recombination properties, we could fit key optoelectronic properties such as the diffusion length and lifetime of charge carriers, as well as the recombination velocities at critical interfaces.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"232 1","pages":"3231-3233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77702951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547459
B. Newman, A. Carr, M. Jansen, E. G. Goma, M. Kloos, Koen de Groot, B. V. Van Aken
We characterize four types of bifacial modules with three different methods that have been proposed by the community. One method approximates rear irradiance with increased front side irradiance. The other two utilize light directly radiating on the rear side of the module. We describe the setup, the calibration, and the resulting errors inherent to each method. Comparing the results, we find that current scales Linearly with additional irradiance on either the front or rear of the module and is in good agreement between all of the methods. However, characterization methods with light incident on the rear of the module results in higher power, suggesting asymmetric front and rear power scaling at low light conditions for high efficiency bifacial modules.
{"title":"Comparison of Bifacial Module Measurement Methods with Optically Optimized Bifacial Modules","authors":"B. Newman, A. Carr, M. Jansen, E. G. Goma, M. Kloos, Koen de Groot, B. V. Van Aken","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547459","url":null,"abstract":"We characterize four types of bifacial modules with three different methods that have been proposed by the community. One method approximates rear irradiance with increased front side irradiance. The other two utilize light directly radiating on the rear side of the module. We describe the setup, the calibration, and the resulting errors inherent to each method. Comparing the results, we find that current scales Linearly with additional irradiance on either the front or rear of the module and is in good agreement between all of the methods. However, characterization methods with light incident on the rear of the module results in higher power, suggesting asymmetric front and rear power scaling at low light conditions for high efficiency bifacial modules.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"471 1","pages":"3593-3597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77888191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547429
Benjamin Hickey, Huu-Ha Loi, R. Farshchi
We report the formation of sodium rich amorphous secondary phases in the absorber layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and discuss their potential impact on cell performance. We find that increasing CIGS growth temperatures results in the formation of progressively larger sodium rich, Cu poor amorphous secondary phases at the CIGSMo interface, clearly distinguishable from CIGS in compositional analysis of the CIGS backside and in cross section. We observe a sharp decline in performance (Voc) when penetration depth of these phases into the CIGS absorber layer exceeds 0.5 microns. We further observe a negative correlation between the penetration depth of secondary phases into CIGS and activation energy, indicating sensitivity of device performance to changes in microstructure in the back portion of the absorber layer.
{"title":"The Formation and Impact of Sodium rich Secondary Phases in the Absorber layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Based Solar Cells","authors":"Benjamin Hickey, Huu-Ha Loi, R. Farshchi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547429","url":null,"abstract":"We report the formation of sodium rich amorphous secondary phases in the absorber layer of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and discuss their potential impact on cell performance. We find that increasing CIGS growth temperatures results in the formation of progressively larger sodium rich, Cu poor amorphous secondary phases at the CIGSMo interface, clearly distinguishable from CIGS in compositional analysis of the CIGS backside and in cross section. We observe a sharp decline in performance (Voc) when penetration depth of these phases into the CIGS absorber layer exceeds 0.5 microns. We further observe a negative correlation between the penetration depth of secondary phases into CIGS and activation energy, indicating sensitivity of device performance to changes in microstructure in the back portion of the absorber layer.","PeriodicalId":6558,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0131-0134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79788581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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