Thin films of BiFe1−xCoxO3 (BFCO, x = 0–0.05) were prepared using the sol–gel method and deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrate. The crystal structure, surface morphology, dielectric properties, polarization, and optical characteristics of the BFCO thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that Co doping induces lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate that BFCO films with x = 0.03 possess uniform fine grains, which are crucial for their ferroelectric properties. From XPS pattern, it can be observed that Co doping can inhibit the conversion of Fe3+ into Fe2+, and BiFe0.97Co0.03O3 films exhibit greatly reduced oxygen vacancy concentration. Therefore, BiFe0.97Co0.03O3 film was found to have the lowest leakage current density (J = 7.18 × 10−7 A/cm2). The film demonstrates outstanding residual polarization at room temperature, with a value of Pr = 152.1 μC/cm2, more than twice the magnitude of that in pure BFO (Pr = 72.33 μC/cm2). Moreover, the dielectric properties of BFCO films show a significant improvement when compared to those of pure BFO samples. This enhancement is attributed to the Co doping-induced structural transition, along with a reduction in grain size and a decrease in the concentration of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the BiFe0.97Co0.03O3 film exhibits a narrower band gap (Eg = 1.69 eV) in comparison to the BFO film (Eg = 1.87 eV). Consequently, an expansion in the range of photovoltaic applications for BFO films can be achieved.
{"title":"Outstanding ferroelectric properties in the narrow bandgap cobalt-substituted BiFeO3 spin-coated films","authors":"Jing Zhang, Jian-Qing Dai, Guang-Cheng Zhang, Xin-Jian Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06443-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thin films of BiFe<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BFCO, <i>x</i> = 0–0.05) were prepared using the sol–gel method and deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrate. The crystal structure, surface morphology, dielectric properties, polarization, and optical characteristics of the BFCO thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that Co doping induces lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate that BFCO films with <i>x</i> = 0.03 possess uniform fine grains, which are crucial for their ferroelectric properties. From XPS pattern, it can be observed that Co doping can inhibit the conversion of Fe<sup>3+</sup> into Fe<sup>2+</sup>, and BiFe<sub>0.97</sub>Co<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films exhibit greatly reduced oxygen vacancy concentration. Therefore, BiFe<sub>0.97</sub>Co<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film was found to have the lowest leakage current density (<i>J</i> = 7.18 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>). The film demonstrates outstanding residual polarization at room temperature, with a value of <i>P</i><sub>r</sub> = 152.1 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, more than twice the magnitude of that in pure BFO (<i>P</i><sub>r</sub> = 72.33 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>). Moreover, the dielectric properties of BFCO films show a significant improvement when compared to those of pure BFO samples. This enhancement is attributed to the Co doping-induced structural transition, along with a reduction in grain size and a decrease in the concentration of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the BiFe<sub>0.97</sub>Co<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film exhibits a narrower band gap (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub> = 1.69 eV) in comparison to the BFO film (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub> = 1.87 eV). Consequently, an expansion in the range of photovoltaic applications for BFO films can be achieved.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06488-5
Ahmed Rebey, Imen Massoudi
This research aims to develop the energy storage and photocatalytic functions of perovskite BaTiO3 material by improving its permittivity and the visible light absorption properties. Both goals were realized by using a mixture of three dopants including Sb, Cu, and Zn elements. By using the solid-state method, pure and Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO3 samples were successfully synthesized. The tetragonal phase of perovskite BaTiO3 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallite and grain sizes of BaTiO3 powder were reduced due to the addition of Sb/Cu/Zn dopants. The oxidation states of the elements were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as Ba (+2), Ti (+4), Sb (+5), Cu (+2) and Zn (+2). Owing to the incorporation of Sb/Cu/Zn ions, the stability and values of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 were enhanced with varying the frequency and significantly increased from 2518 to 10,027 at 50 Hz. The optical characteristics of Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO3 powder displayed a wide visible light absorption properties with measured band gap energy of 2.79 eV. The photocatalytic studies proved the rapid decolorization and mineralization of crystal violet, diclofenac sodium, and Congo red contaminants by Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO3 catalyst under sunlight spectrum. The trapping tests specified that the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the key energetic species in the photodegradation reactions. The reuse tests established the high stability of Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO3 catalyst for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO3 semiconductor: colossal dielectric and high photodegradation activities for crystal violet, diclofenac sodium, and Congo red contaminants","authors":"Ahmed Rebey, Imen Massoudi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06488-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06488-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to develop the energy storage and photocatalytic functions of perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> material by improving its permittivity and the visible light absorption properties. Both goals were realized by using a mixture of three dopants including Sb, Cu, and Zn elements. By using the solid-state method, pure and Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> samples were successfully synthesized. The tetragonal phase of perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallite and grain sizes of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> powder were reduced due to the addition of Sb/Cu/Zn dopants. The oxidation states of the elements were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as Ba (+2), Ti (+4), Sb (+5), Cu (+2) and Zn (+2). Owing to the incorporation of Sb/Cu/Zn ions, the stability and values of the dielectric constant of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> were enhanced with varying the frequency and significantly increased from 2518 to 10,027 at 50 Hz. The optical characteristics of Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> powder displayed a wide visible light absorption properties with measured band gap energy of 2.79 eV. The photocatalytic studies proved the rapid decolorization and mineralization of crystal violet, diclofenac sodium, and Congo red contaminants by Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> catalyst under sunlight spectrum. The trapping tests specified that the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the key energetic species in the photodegradation reactions. The reuse tests established the high stability of Sb/Cu/Zn tri-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> catalyst for wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"941 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we focused on the efficiency of Cr(VI) adsorption on quaternary ammonium functionalized silica. Additionally, kinetic and isothermal models have been successfully performed. We began by synthesizing the siliceous material through sol-gel process. The incorporation of ammonium groups into the siliceous structure was confirmed via FTIR spectroscopy. The textural characterization reveals that the synthesized adsorbent exhibits a high surface area with two types of porosity: micropores and mesopores. SEM analysis revealed heterogeneous particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 2 to 53.4 μm. Additionally, the point of zero charge was determined to be 2.4. We investigated the influence of various parameters on adsorption, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 2.0. The functionalized silica successfully removed 99% of Cr(VI) from solutions with concentrations below 50 mg/L. Furthermore, a notable adsorption capacity of 57 mg/g was noticed at 298 K. The material demonstrated effective regeneration through four cycles of reuse. For isotherm modeling, we used a non-linear approach with the PUPAIM library in R software. Kinetic modeling was performed using the PUPAK library. Statistical parameters were obtained for models with two, three, and four parameters, indicating that both Khan and Redlich–Peterson models fit well the data. Kinetic analysis showed that a pseudo-second-order model effectively described the initial chromium ion adsorption kinetics, followed by a diffusion phase beginning at 225 min. Moreover, the hybrid material exhibited antibacterial activity against various tested bacteria, even after being loaded with chromium ions.
{"title":"Isotherm and kinetic modeling of Cr(VI) removal with quaternary ammonium functionalized silica","authors":"Fatma Fakhfakh, Sahar Raissi, Fatma Ben Jeddou, Raida Zribi Zghal, Abdelhamid Ghorbel","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06492-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06492-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we focused on the efficiency of Cr(VI) adsorption on quaternary ammonium functionalized silica. Additionally, kinetic and isothermal models have been successfully performed. We began by synthesizing the siliceous material through sol-gel process. The incorporation of ammonium groups into the siliceous structure was confirmed via FTIR spectroscopy. The textural characterization reveals that the synthesized adsorbent exhibits a high surface area with two types of porosity: micropores and mesopores. SEM analysis revealed heterogeneous particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 2 to 53.4 μm. Additionally, the point of zero charge was determined to be 2.4. We investigated the influence of various parameters on adsorption, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 2.0. The functionalized silica successfully removed 99% of Cr(VI) from solutions with concentrations below 50 mg/L. Furthermore, a notable adsorption capacity of 57 mg/g was noticed at 298 K. The material demonstrated effective regeneration through four cycles of reuse. For isotherm modeling, we used a non-linear approach with the PUPAIM library in R software. Kinetic modeling was performed using the PUPAK library. Statistical parameters were obtained for models with two, three, and four parameters, indicating that both Khan and Redlich–Peterson models fit well the data. Kinetic analysis showed that a pseudo-second-order model effectively described the initial chromium ion adsorption kinetics, followed by a diffusion phase beginning at 225 min. Moreover, the hybrid material exhibited antibacterial activity against various tested bacteria, even after being loaded with chromium ions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"921 - 940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06493-8
Sezen Tekin, Begum Unveroglu Abdioglu, Irmak Karaduman Er, Selim Acar
ZnO-based photodetectors (PDs) compose a remarkable optoelectronic device field due to their high optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, wide band gap, and high binding energy. This study examined the visible light photodetector performance of the pristine and Rubidium (Rb)-doped ZnO thin films. The influence of Rb doping amount (2, 4, and 6 wt% in solution) on the electrical, optical, and structural properties of the ZnO-based thin films produced by the Successive Ion Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique was analyzed. Structural analyses showed that all peaks correspond to hexagonal wurtzite structure with no other peak from Rb-based phases, suggesting the high quality of the crystalline pristine and Rb-doped ZnO thin films. The morphology of the thin films shows homogenous layers formed of nanoparticles where particle size was first decreased and then increased with the increasing Rb doping according to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology analysis. Besides that, Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the phonon lifetimes of the ZnO-based thin films slightly increased due to the improvement of the crystal quality with the increasing amount of Rb in the SILAR solution. Photosensor measurements of the nanostructured pristine and Rb-doped ZnO thin films were measured at different light power intensities under the visible light environment. Photosensor properties were examined depending on the doping amount and light power density. In light of the literature review, our study is the first to produce Rb-doped ZnO thin films via the SILAR method, which has a promising potential for photosensor applications.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of SILAR deposited Rb-Doped ZnO thin films for photodetector applications","authors":"Sezen Tekin, Begum Unveroglu Abdioglu, Irmak Karaduman Er, Selim Acar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06493-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06493-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ZnO-based photodetectors (PDs) compose a remarkable optoelectronic device field due to their high optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, wide band gap, and high binding energy. This study examined the visible light photodetector performance of the pristine and Rubidium (Rb)-doped ZnO thin films. The influence of Rb doping amount (2, 4, and 6 wt% in solution) on the electrical, optical, and structural properties of the ZnO-based thin films produced by the Successive Ion Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique was analyzed. Structural analyses showed that all peaks correspond to hexagonal wurtzite structure with no other peak from Rb-based phases, suggesting the high quality of the crystalline pristine and Rb-doped ZnO thin films. The morphology of the thin films shows homogenous layers formed of nanoparticles where particle size was first decreased and then increased with the increasing Rb doping according to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology analysis. Besides that, Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the phonon lifetimes of the ZnO-based thin films slightly increased due to the improvement of the crystal quality with the increasing amount of Rb in the SILAR solution. Photosensor measurements of the nanostructured pristine and Rb-doped ZnO thin films were measured at different light power intensities under the visible light environment. Photosensor properties were examined depending on the doping amount and light power density. In light of the literature review, our study is the first to produce Rb-doped ZnO thin films via the SILAR method, which has a promising potential for photosensor applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"891 - 908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06493-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06483-w
He-He Dong, Fan Wang, Yi-Ming Zhu, Qiu-Bai Yang, Chong-Yun Shao, Ying-Gang Chen, Shi-Kai Wang, Chun-Lei Yu, Li-Li Hu
High-energy irradiation significantly increases the optical losses and noise coefficients of laser materials, leading to a substantial decrease in the slope efficiency or gain performance of laser output. To address this issue, we propose a strategy to enhance the radiation resistance of glasses/fibers by introducing phase interfaces. Based on the sol–gel method, through phase-separation techniques and high-temperature annealing treatments, silica-rich and phosphorus-rich phases were formed in erbium-ytterbium co-doped high-phosphorus silica glass, and nanoscale phase interfaces with specific densities, stability levels, and homogeneous distributions of doped elements were constructed between the phases. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and spectroscopic analyses, we tracked the evolution of the internal microstructure of the glasses at the atomic level. The findings confirmed that annealing effectively controlled the density of the phase interfaces formed. Under 1 kGy X-ray irradiation, glasses with effective phase interfaces exhibited significant reduction in radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) and improvement in photoluminescence intensity compared to pristine glasses. This indicated that effective phase interfaces could act as complex centers for irradiation-induced point defects, absorbing radiant energy and trapping these defects, thus mitigating high-energy radiation-induced damages. Furthermore, online irradiation tests on the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped silica fibers supported this result. Compared to pristine fiber, fibers annealed for 3 h and annealed for 20 h with different phase interfacial densities showed 45% and 73% lower RIA at 1080 nm, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Erbium-ytterbium co-doped high-phosphorus silica glasses/fibers with nanoscale phase interfaces were prepared using a modified sol–gel method. The density of the phase interfaces increased with annealing, which significantly improved their radiation resistance. Online irradiation showed that the radiation-induced attenuation at 1080 nm reduced by 73% compared with that of pristine fibers.
{"title":"Enhanced radiation resistance of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped high-phosphorus silica glasses and fibers via phase-interface engineering","authors":"He-He Dong, Fan Wang, Yi-Ming Zhu, Qiu-Bai Yang, Chong-Yun Shao, Ying-Gang Chen, Shi-Kai Wang, Chun-Lei Yu, Li-Li Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06483-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06483-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-energy irradiation significantly increases the optical losses and noise coefficients of laser materials, leading to a substantial decrease in the slope efficiency or gain performance of laser output. To address this issue, we propose a strategy to enhance the radiation resistance of glasses/fibers by introducing phase interfaces. Based on the sol–gel method, through phase-separation techniques and high-temperature annealing treatments, silica-rich and phosphorus-rich phases were formed in erbium-ytterbium co-doped high-phosphorus silica glass, and nanoscale phase interfaces with specific densities, stability levels, and homogeneous distributions of doped elements were constructed between the phases. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and spectroscopic analyses, we tracked the evolution of the internal microstructure of the glasses at the atomic level. The findings confirmed that annealing effectively controlled the density of the phase interfaces formed. Under 1 kGy X-ray irradiation, glasses with effective phase interfaces exhibited significant reduction in radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) and improvement in photoluminescence intensity compared to pristine glasses. This indicated that effective phase interfaces could act as complex centers for irradiation-induced point defects, absorbing radiant energy and trapping these defects, thus mitigating high-energy radiation-induced damages. Furthermore, online irradiation tests on the Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped silica fibers supported this result. Compared to pristine fiber, fibers annealed for 3 h and annealed for 20 h with different phase interfacial densities showed 45% and 73% lower RIA at 1080 nm, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Erbium-ytterbium co-doped high-phosphorus silica glasses/fibers with nanoscale phase interfaces were prepared using a modified sol–gel method. The density of the phase interfaces increased with annealing, which significantly improved their radiation resistance. Online irradiation showed that the radiation-induced attenuation at 1080 nm reduced by 73% compared with that of pristine fibers.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"909 - 920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06431-8
Arooj Fatima, B. M. Alotaibi, Albandari W. Alrowaily, Haifa A. Alyousef, A. Dahshan, A. M. A. Henaish
Globally, there are significant concerns about the steadily rising energy demand and depletion of conservative fuels. Water electrolysis provides hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a fuel with a highest energy conversion efficiency and gravimetric energy density. In future, hydrogen fuel will take the place of conventional fossil fuels, which are polluting the environment. For a greater range of energy generation devices, the highly appropriate, affordable electrocatalyst for OER is significant. In present work, a NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite was fabricated via hydrothermal process for OER electrochemical studies under 1.0 M KOH. The fabricated materials were verified by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray. Because of its distinct shape, nanocomposite has more surface area, which results in more active pores with lots of potential for transfer of charge and prolonged material stability. The surface area of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite determined through BET was 51 m2/g, i.e., higher than that of NbSe2, thus providing greater number of active sites for OER performance. The electrocatalytic performance results represented that pure NbSe2 nanosheets revealed a higher Tafel slope (51 mV/dec), conversely, NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite represented lower Tafel slope (36 mV/dec) respectively and efficient durability for 60 h with minor alternation in current density for long time period. As a consequence, the created nanocomposite proves to be an effective electrocatalyst for OER and energy conversion applications.
Graphical Abstract
在全球范围内，人们对能源需求的持续上升和保守燃料的枯竭深感忧虑。水电解产生的氢气和氧气可用作燃料，具有最高的能量转换效率和重力能量密度。未来，氢燃料将取代污染环境的传统化石燃料。为了实现更广泛的能源发电装置，高度合适、价格合理的 OER 电催化剂意义重大。本研究通过水热法制备了 NbSe2/rGO 纳米复合材料，用于 1.0 M KOH 条件下的 OER 电化学研究。拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线对制备的材料进行了验证。由于形状独特，纳米复合材料具有更大的表面积，从而产生更多的活性孔隙，具有很大的电荷转移潜力，并能延长材料的稳定性。通过 BET 测定，NbSe2/rGO 纳米复合材料的比表面积为 51 m2/g，高于 NbSe2，从而为 OER 性能提供了更多的活性位点。电催化性能结果表明，纯 NbSe2 纳米片具有较高的塔菲尔斜率（51 mV/dec），相反，NbSe2/rGO 纳米复合材料的塔菲尔斜率较低（36 mV/dec），并且在较长时间内电流密度交替较小，能有效地持续 60 小时。因此，这种纳米复合材料被证明是一种有效的电催化剂，可用于 OER 和能量转换应用。
{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical performance of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite for oxygen evolution reaction (OER)","authors":"Arooj Fatima, B. M. Alotaibi, Albandari W. Alrowaily, Haifa A. Alyousef, A. Dahshan, A. M. A. Henaish","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06431-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06431-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, there are significant concerns about the steadily rising energy demand and depletion of conservative fuels. Water electrolysis provides hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a fuel with a highest energy conversion efficiency and gravimetric energy density. In future, hydrogen fuel will take the place of conventional fossil fuels, which are polluting the environment. For a greater range of energy generation devices, the highly appropriate, affordable electrocatalyst for OER is significant. In present work, a NbSe<sub>2</sub>/rGO nanocomposite was fabricated via hydrothermal process for OER electrochemical studies under 1.0 M KOH. The fabricated materials were verified by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray. Because of its distinct shape, nanocomposite has more surface area, which results in more active pores with lots of potential for transfer of charge and prolonged material stability. The surface area of NbSe2/rGO nanocomposite determined through BET was 51 m<sup>2</sup>/g, i.e., higher than that of NbSe<sub>2</sub>, thus providing greater number of active sites for OER performance. The electrocatalytic performance results represented that pure NbSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets revealed a higher Tafel slope (51 mV/dec), conversely, NbSe<sub>2</sub>/rGO nanocomposite represented lower Tafel slope (36 mV/dec) respectively and efficient durability for 60 h with minor alternation in current density for long time period. As a consequence, the created nanocomposite proves to be an effective electrocatalyst for OER and energy conversion applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"878 - 890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06456-z
S. T. Assar, N. A. Asal, B. M. Moharram, Ehab A. Okba, O. Hatem
Nanoferrites of (Mn1-xMgx)0.8Li0.1Fe2.1O4 (x: 0–1.0, step 0.2) were synthesized by the sol–gel autocombustion method. The structural properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns for the samples establish the nanoscale (38–54 nm) pure-phase spinel cubic structure (Fd-(bar{3})m). Also, the particle size analysis results demonstrate the narrow distribution of their particle sizes, which range from 10 to 33 nm. The impact of Mg2+ ion concentration on the thermal, elastic, magnetic, and optical properties of these samples was studied. The saturation magnetization decreases from 56.9 to 31.1 emu/g, and the coercivity increases from 65.8 to 106.8G with the addition of Mg2+ ions, showing thin S-shaped hysteresis loops revealing the samples’ soft magnetic behavior. Thermal results indicate that these samples are interesting candidates for thermoelectric applications due to their noticeably lower thermal conductivity, which ranges from 0.3572 to 0.5881 W/mK. The optical band gap values determined by using ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy range from 5.11 to 5.25 eV, where quantum confinement for crystallite size triggers a larger band gap. As the concentration of Mg2+ ions increases, their ability to degrade methyl green dye under ultraviolet radiation for 100 min rises from 13.6 to 61.1% with the addition of H2O2, an indication of their photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the optimum ferrite sample, Mn0.4Mg0.4Li0.1Fe2.1O4, maintained its photocatalytic efficiency for at least six reaction cycles.
Graphical Abstract
The composition dependence of (a) the mexp and mth and (b) the ao and ath for the (Mn1−x Mgx)0.8Li0.1Fe2.1O4 nanosamples.
{"title":"Investigation of structural, elastic, thermal, magnetic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of nanosized Mg-Mn-Li ferrites","authors":"S. T. Assar, N. A. Asal, B. M. Moharram, Ehab A. Okba, O. Hatem","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06456-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06456-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoferrites of (Mn<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Mg<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>0.8</sub>Li<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>2.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i>: 0–1.0, step 0.2) were synthesized by the sol–gel autocombustion method. The structural properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns for the samples establish the nanoscale (38–54 nm) pure-phase spinel cubic structure (<i>Fd</i>-<span>(bar{3})</span><i>m</i>). Also, the particle size analysis results demonstrate the narrow distribution of their particle sizes, which range from 10 to 33 nm. The impact of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion concentration on the thermal, elastic, magnetic, and optical properties of these samples was studied. The saturation magnetization decreases from 56.9 to 31.1 emu/g, and the coercivity increases from 65.8 to 106.8G with the addition of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions, showing thin S-shaped hysteresis loops revealing the samples’ soft magnetic behavior. Thermal results indicate that these samples are interesting candidates for thermoelectric applications due to their noticeably lower thermal conductivity, which ranges from 0.3572 to 0.5881 W/mK. The optical band gap values determined by using ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy range from 5.11 to 5.25 eV, where quantum confinement for crystallite size triggers a larger band gap. As the concentration of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions increases, their ability to degrade methyl green dye under ultraviolet radiation for 100 min rises from 13.6 to 61.1% with the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, an indication of their photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the optimum ferrite sample, Mn<sub>0.4</sub>Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Li<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>2.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, maintained its photocatalytic efficiency for at least six reaction cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The composition dependence of (a) the <i>m</i><sub><i>exp</i></sub> and <i>m</i><sub><i>th</i></sub> and (b) the <i>a</i><sub><i>o</i></sub> and <i>a</i><sub><i>th</i></sub> for the (Mn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub> Mg<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>0.8</sub>Li<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>2.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanosamples.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"850 - 877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06456-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The g-C3N5, characterized by its two-dimensional layered structure, substantial surface area, and narrow bandgap, has found extensive application in photocatalysis. This study involves the incorporation of cerium-doped g-C3N5 with ZnO to form a S-scheme photocatalyst, significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the material. The ZnO/Ce-g-C3N5 composite photocatalyst shows a degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) that is 5.0 times higher than that of g-C3N5 and 2.9 times higher than that of ZnO. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ce doping and S-type heterojunction formation, which markedly enhances the separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and broadens the light response range, while also maintaining the high redox capacity of the S-scheme ZnO/Ce-g-C3N5 system. The fabrication of this novel photocatalyst holds promising prospects for the treatment of organic pollutants in water.
Graphical Abstract
The synthesized S-scheme ZN/Ce–CN composite reduce electron/hole recombination and enhance visible light response, enabling efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue through the synergistic effect of cerium doping and the heterojunction.
g-C3N5 具有二维层状结构、巨大的比表面积和窄带隙等特点，在光催化领域有着广泛的应用。本研究将掺铈的 g-C3N5 与氧化锌结合，形成一种 S 型光催化剂，显著提高了材料的光催化活性。ZnO/Ce-g-C3N5 复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝（MB）的降解效率是 g-C3N5 的 5.0 倍，是 ZnO 的 2.9 倍。这种优异的性能归功于 Ce 掺杂和 S 型异质结形成的协同效应，它显著增强了光诱导电子-空穴对的分离，拓宽了光响应范围，同时还保持了 S 型 ZnO/Ce-g-C3N5 系统的高氧化还原能力。这种新型光催化剂的制备为处理水中的有机污染物带来了广阔的前景。
{"title":"A novel S-scheme ZnO/Ce-g-C3N5 heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity","authors":"Jia Jia, Lili Huang, Yumin Yan, Haiqiao Wang, Mingxia Tian, Jianhui Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06491-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06491-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>, characterized by its two-dimensional layered structure, substantial surface area, and narrow bandgap, has found extensive application in photocatalysis. This study involves the incorporation of cerium-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> with ZnO to form a S-scheme photocatalyst, significantly enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the material. The ZnO/Ce-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> composite photocatalyst shows a degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) that is 5.0 times higher than that of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> and 2.9 times higher than that of ZnO. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ce doping and S-type heterojunction formation, which markedly enhances the separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and broadens the light response range, while also maintaining the high redox capacity of the S-scheme ZnO/Ce-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> system. The fabrication of this novel photocatalyst holds promising prospects for the treatment of organic pollutants in water.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>The synthesized S-scheme ZN/Ce–CN composite reduce electron/hole recombination and enhance visible light response, enabling efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue through the synergistic effect of cerium doping and the heterojunction.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"819 - 833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06475-w
Yuan Zhao, Huixia Feng, Qiong Shang, Linhong Jiao
Carbon-based hydrogels have emerged as a promising material for wearable strain and pressure sensors due to their excellent conductive and mechanical flexibility. However, some shortcomings such as limited stretchability and susceptibility to phase separation have led to a narrow range of applications. In this study, a GPEC hydrogel was prepared by incorporating metal ions and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oxCNTs) into a double-network (DN) hydrogel consisting of gum arabic (GA) and a copolymer polymerized by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and N-methylolacrylamide (NMAM). The uniformly distributed oxCNTs and metal ions formed a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the hydrogel through a large amount of metal complex bonds and hydrogen bonds. The strong interaction improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, with an elongation at break of 1957% and a strength at break of 915 kPa. Furthermore, the hydrogels exhibited excellent self-adhesive and self-healing properties. The hydrogel also exhibits high conductivity due to the embedded metal ions and oxCNTs forming a conductive network. The as-prepared strain sensor revealed ultra-high sensitivity (GF = 3.08) and fast response (72 ms). Moreover, the GPEC hydrogel exhibits high pressure sensitivity (2.27 kPa−1 in the range of 0–10 kPa and 0.08 kPa−1 in the range of 20–80 kPa) when assembled into a pressure sensor. Consequently, the GPEC hydrogel sensor could be used to monitor the full range of human motion and could be incorporated into pressure sensing devices for handwriting recognition.
{"title":"Multifunctional robust dual network hydrogels constructed via dynamic physical bonds and carbon nanotubes for use as strain and pressure sensors","authors":"Yuan Zhao, Huixia Feng, Qiong Shang, Linhong Jiao","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06475-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06475-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-based hydrogels have emerged as a promising material for wearable strain and pressure sensors due to their excellent conductive and mechanical flexibility. However, some shortcomings such as limited stretchability and susceptibility to phase separation have led to a narrow range of applications. In this study, a GPEC hydrogel was prepared by incorporating metal ions and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oxCNTs) into a double-network (DN) hydrogel consisting of gum arabic (GA) and a copolymer polymerized by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and N-methylolacrylamide (NMAM). The uniformly distributed oxCNTs and metal ions formed a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the hydrogel through a large amount of metal complex bonds and hydrogen bonds. The strong interaction improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, with an elongation at break of 1957% and a strength at break of 915 kPa. Furthermore, the hydrogels exhibited excellent self-adhesive and self-healing properties. The hydrogel also exhibits high conductivity due to the embedded metal ions and oxCNTs forming a conductive network. The as-prepared strain sensor revealed ultra-high sensitivity (GF = 3.08) and fast response (72 ms). Moreover, the GPEC hydrogel exhibits high pressure sensitivity (2.27 kPa<sup>−1</sup> in the range of 0–10 kPa and 0.08 kPa<sup>−1</sup> in the range of 20–80 kPa) when assembled into a pressure sensor. Consequently, the GPEC hydrogel sensor could be used to monitor the full range of human motion and could be incorporated into pressure sensing devices for handwriting recognition.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"834 - 849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06382-0
Yuan Zhao, Yafei Liu, Qiong Shang, Huixia Feng
Conductive hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties, good flexibility, and high sensitivity are considered to be promising and reliable materials for next-generation wearable devices. To enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels, double-network (DN) strategy was always brought in hydrogel preparation. However, chemical crosslinks in DN hydrogel will lead to lack self-recovery properties and biocompatibility. Thus, we developed a fully physical crosslinked DN gel by a large quantities of metal chelation and hydrogen bonds by adding ions in mixture of gum arabic (GA) and copolymer polymerized by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and N-Methylolacrylamide (NMAM). This hydrogel (we named GPFE gel) exhibited excellent mechanical properties such as superb tensile strain (2340%), tensile strength (198 KPa), and high toughness (1.59 MJ/m3). Besides, benefiting from the large number of hydrogen bonds brought by the introduction of EG, GPFE gel also showed intriguing self-healing property (97.0% healing efficiency after 2 h), adhesive property (both in the air and underwater), and environmental stablity (could be used normally at –20 °C). Wearable flexible sensors prepared directly from GPFE gel can sensitively monitor both daily activities and slight physiological movements, exhibiting high sensitivity (GF = 2.16) and a wide strain detection window (to eleven times the original length). Therefore, the prepared GPFE gel as a high-performance wearable flexible sensor in this study shows tremendous potential applications in a complex environment.
{"title":"A self-healing and environmental stable fully physical crosslinked double-network ion hydrogel sensor","authors":"Yuan Zhao, Yafei Liu, Qiong Shang, Huixia Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06382-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06382-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conductive hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties, good flexibility, and high sensitivity are considered to be promising and reliable materials for next-generation wearable devices. To enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels, double-network (DN) strategy was always brought in hydrogel preparation. However, chemical crosslinks in DN hydrogel will lead to lack self-recovery properties and biocompatibility. Thus, we developed a fully physical crosslinked DN gel by a large quantities of metal chelation and hydrogen bonds by adding ions in mixture of gum arabic (GA) and copolymer polymerized by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and N-Methylolacrylamide (NMAM). This hydrogel (we named GPFE gel) exhibited excellent mechanical properties such as superb tensile strain (2340%), tensile strength (198 KPa), and high toughness (1.59 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>). Besides, benefiting from the large number of hydrogen bonds brought by the introduction of EG, GPFE gel also showed intriguing self-healing property (97.0% healing efficiency after 2 h), adhesive property (both in the air and underwater), and environmental stablity (could be used normally at –20 °C). Wearable flexible sensors prepared directly from GPFE gel can sensitively monitor both daily activities and slight physiological movements, exhibiting high sensitivity (GF = 2.16) and a wide strain detection window (to eleven times the original length). Therefore, the prepared GPFE gel as a high-performance wearable flexible sensor in this study shows tremendous potential applications in a complex environment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"806 - 818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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