Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06557-9
Nongmaithem Century Luwang, Devendra Kumar Rana, M. K. Yadav, Himanshu Sharma, Arun Kumar, Sarvendra Kumar, Surbhi
ZnO nanorods were synthesized by using the seeds technique. The seeds were synthesized by the low-cost synthesis technique, the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. Further, CBD and solvothermal methods used these seeds in the next deposition to coating. The XRD results confirm the formation of the ZnO hexagonal phase. FESEM high magnification images confirm the formation of hexagonal-shaped nanorods for Samples 1 and 3 and for Sample 2 mixed nanostructures of disk-like nanoparticles and nanorods were observed. Further, these nanorods were used as the catalytic material under the halogen lamp to study dye degradation. Samples 1 and 3 show degradation up to 55% and 68%, whereas Sample 3 showed a higher catalytic rate which degraded methyl orange 90% dye in 40 min. The enhancement in catalytic activity is explained by structural, morphological, and optical properties. The deposition using the seeds technique enhanced the degradation efficiency.
{"title":"Synthesis of ZnO nanostructure via CBD and solvothermal method using seed technique","authors":"Nongmaithem Century Luwang, Devendra Kumar Rana, M. K. Yadav, Himanshu Sharma, Arun Kumar, Sarvendra Kumar, Surbhi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06557-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06557-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ZnO nanorods were synthesized by using the seeds technique. The seeds were synthesized by the low-cost synthesis technique, the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. Further, CBD and solvothermal methods used these seeds in the next deposition to coating. The XRD results confirm the formation of the ZnO hexagonal phase. FESEM high magnification images confirm the formation of hexagonal-shaped nanorods for Samples 1 and 3 and for Sample 2 mixed nanostructures of disk-like nanoparticles and nanorods were observed. Further, these nanorods were used as the catalytic material under the halogen lamp to study dye degradation. Samples 1 and 3 show degradation up to 55% and 68%, whereas Sample 3 showed a higher catalytic rate which degraded methyl orange 90% dye in 40 min. The enhancement in catalytic activity is explained by structural, morphological, and optical properties. The deposition using the seeds technique enhanced the degradation efficiency.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"728 - 737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06570-y
Bintao Hu, Andrew Tuokkola, Bruce Dunn
Ionogels have recently attracted considerable interest as pseudo-solid electrolytes based on their 2-phase microstructure in which an ionic liquid (IL) is confined within the mesoporous architecture of a sol-gel derived silica matrix. In this review, we show how sol-gel synthesis has played a central role in the development of ionogel materials. Ionogels are effectively ‘wet gels’. They are formulated to enable hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane precursors but use an IL as the solvent phase. ILs, which are considered to be room temperature molten salts, have minimum vapor pressures and thus do not evaporate. At the nanoscale, the resulting ionogel possesses a nanofluidic state, but macroscopically it is solid. This unique microstructure enables the ionogel to exhibit the excellent electrochemical properties of the IL including high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical stability window along with good thermal and mechanical stability. The nanofluidic state ensures that there is excellent electrical contact between the solid electrode and the pseudo-solid electrolyte. This overcomes one of the problems associated with solid-state batteries, namely solid-solid interfaces. Ionogels have already been used in a number of electrochemical applications including lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries as well as lithium metal and sodium metal batteries. The electrochemical properties of ionogels, their applications in battery systems and future opportunities in consumer electronics, transportation and the grid are highlighted.
{"title":"Adapting sol-gel chemistry for ionogel solid electrolytes","authors":"Bintao Hu, Andrew Tuokkola, Bruce Dunn","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06570-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06570-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ionogels have recently attracted considerable interest as pseudo-solid electrolytes based on their 2-phase microstructure in which an ionic liquid (IL) is confined within the mesoporous architecture of a sol-gel derived silica matrix. In this review, we show how sol-gel synthesis has played a central role in the development of ionogel materials. Ionogels are effectively ‘wet gels’. They are formulated to enable hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane precursors but use an IL as the solvent phase. ILs, which are considered to be room temperature molten salts, have minimum vapor pressures and thus do not evaporate. At the nanoscale, the resulting ionogel possesses a nanofluidic state, but macroscopically it is solid. This unique microstructure enables the ionogel to exhibit the excellent electrochemical properties of the IL including high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical stability window along with good thermal and mechanical stability. The nanofluidic state ensures that there is excellent electrical contact between the solid electrode and the pseudo-solid electrolyte. This overcomes one of the problems associated with solid-state batteries, namely solid-solid interfaces. Ionogels have already been used in a number of electrochemical applications including lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries as well as lithium metal and sodium metal batteries. The electrochemical properties of ionogels, their applications in battery systems and future opportunities in consumer electronics, transportation and the grid are highlighted.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":"70 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicon/carbon (Si/C) anode materials were fabricated by an improved magnesiothermic reduction of macroporous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) as the precursor, followed by a carbon filling. The macroporous MSQ is reduced to macroporous silicon, and the pitch and graphite are filled into the pore structure of silicon via the impregnation and carbonization to prepare Si/C anode materials. The obtained Si/C anodes exhibit superior comprehensive electrochemical performance with a high initial charge and discharge capacity of 1437.0 and 1180.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 300 mA g−1 and a remarkable initial coulombic efficiency of 82.16%. This work provides a facile approach for the preparation of anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Graphical Abstract
以大孔甲基硅氧烷（MSQ）为前驱体，采用改进的镁热还原法制备了硅/碳（Si/C）负极材料。将大孔MSQ还原为大孔硅，将沥青和石墨通过浸渍和碳化填充到硅的孔隙结构中，制备Si/C负极材料。所制备的Si/C阳极具有优异的综合电化学性能，在电流密度为300 mA g - 1时初始充放电容量分别为1437.0和1180.6 mAh g - 1，初始库仑效率为82.16%。这项工作为锂离子电池阳极的制备提供了一种简便的方法。图形抽象
{"title":"Facile preparation of silicon/carbon anode derived from macroporous methylsilsesquioxane for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yunpeng Shan, Jiaqi Shan, Junzhang Wang, Zhou Xu, Xingzhong Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06563-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06563-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon/carbon (Si/C) anode materials were fabricated by an improved magnesiothermic reduction of macroporous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) as the precursor, followed by a carbon filling. The macroporous MSQ is reduced to macroporous silicon, and the pitch and graphite are filled into the pore structure of silicon via the impregnation and carbonization to prepare Si/C anode materials. The obtained Si/C anodes exhibit superior comprehensive electrochemical performance with a high initial charge and discharge capacity of 1437.0 and 1180.6 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 300 mA g<sup>−1</sup> and a remarkable initial coulombic efficiency of 82.16%. This work provides a facile approach for the preparation of anodes for lithium-ion batteries.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present here the synthesis of Mg0.5Zn0.5RxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.05; R = Sm, Nd) spinel ferrite using the sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) scheme for examination of physical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and optical traits of Sm and Nd substituted Mg-Zn nanoferrites. The room temperature XRD patterns indicates cubic phase formation with the Fd3m space group. The size of crystallites goes from 29 to 19 nm by doping with Nd but, with the Sm doping, it decreases to 18 nm. FESEM pictures reveal the production of irregular grains with agglomerated morphology in all the undoped and doped nanoferrites. Based on a Fourier transform infrared study, it was shown that there were two distinct peaks at 525.55–529.41 cm−1 and 416.75–418.09 cm−1 representing the metal-oxygen bonds at octa and tetrahedral site locations, respectively. The M-H plots demonstrate a significant decline in the saturation magnetization with the neodymium and samarium substitution from 23.01 to 21.71 emu/g and to 11.63 emu/g, respectively. Low values of coercivity (10.03–58.82 Oe), retentivity (0.81–3.12 emu/g) and squareness ratio (0.037–0.268) confirms the superparamagnetic nature of prepared doped and undoped Mg-Zn nanoferrites and also suggests their potential use in solenoids and transformers applications. The electromagnetic examination of these Mg-Zn nanoferrites were reported within 1–10 GHz range, showing the high real permeability and permittivity with lower magnetic and dielectric losses. With the excellent electromagnetic characteristics, the prepared nanoferrites can be used as the substrate materials for antenna miniaturization application.
{"title":"A comparative study of Nd and Sm doping on the structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic traits of Mg-Zn spinel nanoferrites","authors":"Anand Sharma, Rohit Jasrotia, Nisha Kumari, Jahangeer Ahmed, Saad M. Alshehri, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06559-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06559-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present here the synthesis of Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>R<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.00, 0.05; R = Sm, Nd) spinel ferrite using the sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) scheme for examination of physical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and optical traits of Sm and Nd substituted Mg-Zn nanoferrites. The room temperature XRD patterns indicates cubic phase formation with the Fd3m space group. The size of crystallites goes from 29 to 19 nm by doping with Nd but, with the Sm doping, it decreases to 18 nm. FESEM pictures reveal the production of irregular grains with agglomerated morphology in all the undoped and doped nanoferrites. Based on a Fourier transform infrared study, it was shown that there were two distinct peaks at 525.55–529.41 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 416.75–418.09 cm<sup>−1</sup> representing the metal-oxygen bonds at octa and tetrahedral site locations, respectively. The M-H plots demonstrate a significant decline in the saturation magnetization with the neodymium and samarium substitution from 23.01 to 21.71 emu/g and to 11.63 emu/g, respectively. Low values of coercivity (10.03–58.82 Oe), retentivity (0.81–3.12 emu/g) and squareness ratio (0.037–0.268) confirms the superparamagnetic nature of prepared doped and undoped Mg-Zn nanoferrites and also suggests their potential use in solenoids and transformers applications. The electromagnetic examination of these Mg-Zn nanoferrites were reported within 1–10 GHz range, showing the high real permeability and permittivity with lower magnetic and dielectric losses. With the excellent electromagnetic characteristics, the prepared nanoferrites can be used as the substrate materials for antenna miniaturization application.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"715 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06556-w
Akanksha Chauhan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Anita Sudhaik, Rohit Kumar, Konstantin P. Katin, Savas Kaya, Pankaj Raizada, Pardeep Singh, Naved Azum, Khalid A. Alzahrani
Methylene blue is a recognized carcinogen with detrimental effects on both people and marine life. Henceforth, in this study, the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 (AP/GCN/BMO) photocatalyst was investigated for the degradation of MB dye from an aqueous system. g-C3N4, BMO and AP photocatalysts bare photocatalysts were synthesized via thermal polycondensation, hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods, respectively. Similarly, binary (GCN/BMO) and ternary heterojunctions (AP/GCN/BMO) was constructed through in-situ hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods, respectively. Morphological and structural analysis validated close interaction amongst Ag3PO4, g-C3N4, and Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts. Furthermore, density functional theory simulations were employed to explore the structural and electronic properties of the bare (Ag3PO4, g-C3N4, and Bi2MoO6) photocatalysts. The photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that AP/GCN/BMO exhibited highest adsorption and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant as compared to other photocatalysts. The achieved MB dye degradation efficiency of dual Z-scheme AP/GCN/BMO ternary photocatalyst was approx. ~94% within 60 min under visible light exposure which was much greater than pristine and binary photocatalysts. This higher efficiency was accredited to dual Z-scheme type of charge transfer route which boosted photocarriers charge separation and transferal rate. Furthermore, through scavenging experiment, the confirmed reactive species in this type of charge transfer route were •O2− and •OH radicals that efficiently degraded MB dye pollutant. Additionally, the ternary photocatalyst demonstrated good stability and recyclability for up to five successive catalytic cycles with 81% degradation efficiency. The current work extends our understanding of photocatalytic degradation by providing novel strategies for pollutant degradation that successfully degrade contaminants. Also, it promotes the development of more efficient, environmentally friendly waste treatment methods that uses solar/light energy.
Graphical Abstract
亚甲基蓝是一种公认的致癌物质，对人类和海洋生物都有不利影响。因此，本研究研究了 Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6（AP/GCN/BMO）光催化剂降解水体系中甲基溴染料的光催化活性。g-C3N4、BMO 和 AP 光催化剂裸体分别通过热缩聚、水热和共沉淀方法合成。同样，通过原位水热法和共沉淀法分别构建了二元（GCN/BMO）和三元异质结（AP/GCN/BMO）。形态和结构分析验证了 Ag3PO4、g-C3N4 和 Bi2MoO6 光催化剂之间密切的相互作用。此外，还利用密度泛函理论模拟探讨了裸光催化剂（Ag3PO4、g-C3N4 和 Bi2MoO6）的结构和电子特性。光催化降解实验表明，与其他光催化剂相比，AP/GCN/BMO 对亚甲基蓝（MB）染料污染物的吸附和光催化降解效率最高。在可见光照射下，双 Z 型 AP/GCN/BMO 三元光催化剂在 60 分钟内的亚甲基蓝染料降解效率约为 94%，远高于原始光催化剂和二元光催化剂。这种更高的效率归功于双 Z 型电荷转移途径，它提高了光载体的电荷分离和转移率。此外，通过清除实验，确认了这种电荷转移途径中的活性物种为 -O2- 和 -OH 自由基，它们能有效降解甲基溴染料污染物。此外，该三元光催化剂具有良好的稳定性和可回收性，可连续催化五次，降解效率高达 81%。目前的研究工作扩展了我们对光催化降解的理解，提供了成功降解污染物的新型污染物降解策略。此外，它还促进了利用太阳能/光能开发更高效、更环保的废物处理方法。
{"title":"Fabrication of a dual Z-scheme Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 ternary nanocomposite for effective degradation of methylene blue dye","authors":"Akanksha Chauhan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Anita Sudhaik, Rohit Kumar, Konstantin P. Katin, Savas Kaya, Pankaj Raizada, Pardeep Singh, Naved Azum, Khalid A. Alzahrani","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06556-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06556-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methylene blue is a recognized carcinogen with detrimental effects on both people and marine life. Henceforth, in this study, the photocatalytic activity of Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> (AP/GCN/BMO) photocatalyst was investigated for the degradation of MB dye from an aqueous system. g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, BMO and AP photocatalysts bare photocatalysts were synthesized via thermal polycondensation, hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods, respectively. Similarly, binary (GCN/BMO) and ternary heterojunctions (AP/GCN/BMO) was constructed through in-situ hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods, respectively. Morphological and structural analysis validated close interaction amongst Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> photocatalysts<sub>.</sub> Furthermore, density functional theory simulations were employed to explore the structural and electronic properties of the bare (Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub>) photocatalysts. The photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that AP/GCN/BMO exhibited highest adsorption and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant as compared to other photocatalysts. The achieved MB dye degradation efficiency of dual Z-scheme AP/GCN/BMO ternary photocatalyst was approx. ~94% within 60 min under visible light exposure which was much greater than pristine and binary photocatalysts. This higher efficiency was accredited to dual Z-scheme type of charge transfer route which boosted photocarriers charge separation and transferal rate. Furthermore, through scavenging experiment, the confirmed reactive species in this type of charge transfer route were <sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and <sup>•</sup>OH radicals that efficiently degraded MB dye pollutant. Additionally, the ternary photocatalyst demonstrated good stability and recyclability for up to five successive catalytic cycles with 81% degradation efficiency. The current work extends our understanding of photocatalytic degradation by providing novel strategies for pollutant degradation that successfully degrade contaminants. Also, it promotes the development of more efficient, environmentally friendly waste treatment methods that uses solar/light energy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"688 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transition metal sulfides have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive properties, including electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic capabilities, and their potential for use in various applications. The present work discloses the fabrication of CuxMn1-xS (X = 0, 0.5, and 1) nanoparticles (NPs) using the co-precipitation method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique was utilized to characterize the synthesized sample, confirming that it exhibits cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. The Debye-Scherrer formula was applied to determine the average crystallite size of the nanoparticles, while the Williamson–Hall plot was employed to estimate microstrain and particle size. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis revealed that Cu, Mn, and S were present in the nanoparticles without any impurities. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine the material’s morphology and effective grain size. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to measure the optical properties of the sample. The optical bandgap, calculated from the Tauc plot, ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 eV, indicating the presence of photovoltaic properties in the sample. The dielectric constant and loss were observed to change for the sample in the frequency range of 10 KHz to 2 MHz at room temperature. The frequency-dependent electrical conductivity, impedance, and modulus spectroscopy of CuxMn1-xS were also analyzed. The dielectric study results showed that increasing frequency decreases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Additionally, MnS, CuS, and CuMnS NPs were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram-negative (-ve) pathogenic bacteria. Among them, CuMnS exhibited the maximum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A pathogens.
{"title":"Structural, optoelectronic, and antibacterial properties of CuxMn1-xS nanoparticles fabricated by co-precipitation approach","authors":"Devarshi Vyas, Ketan Parikh, Ravirajsinh Jadav, Vijay Dubey, Bharat Kataria, Suresh Ghotekar","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06558-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06558-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal sulfides have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive properties, including electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic capabilities, and their potential for use in various applications. The present work discloses the fabrication of Cu<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>S (X = 0, 0.5, and 1) nanoparticles (NPs) using the co-precipitation method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique was utilized to characterize the synthesized sample, confirming that it exhibits cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. The Debye-Scherrer formula was applied to determine the average crystallite size of the nanoparticles, while the Williamson–Hall plot was employed to estimate microstrain and particle size. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis revealed that Cu, Mn, and S were present in the nanoparticles without any impurities. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine the material’s morphology and effective grain size. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to measure the optical properties of the sample. The optical bandgap, calculated from the Tauc plot, ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 eV, indicating the presence of photovoltaic properties in the sample. The dielectric constant and loss were observed to change for the sample in the frequency range of 10 KHz to 2 MHz at room temperature. The frequency-dependent electrical conductivity, impedance, and modulus spectroscopy of Cu<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>S were also analyzed. The dielectric study results showed that increasing frequency decreases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Additionally, MnS, CuS, and CuMnS NPs were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram-negative (-ve) pathogenic bacteria. Among them, CuMnS exhibited the maximum antibacterial activity against <i>Salmonella typhi</i> and <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> A pathogens.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"674 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06550-2
D. M. Ibrahim, A. A. Gaber, A. E. Reda, D. A. Abdel Aziz, N. A. Ajiba
Zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) ceramic nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel polymeric technique utilizing polyacrylic acid as a template polymer. The effect of pH during the synthesis process was investigated by preparing the ZnSnO3 nanoparticles at pH 3 and 8. The structural, molecular, morphological, optical, and dielectric properties of the synthesized ZnSnO3 nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, with optical and dielectric measurements. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the phase purity of the synthesized ZnSnO3 nanoparticles, which exhibited an orthorhombic perovskite crystal structure. As observed in the SEM and TEM images, the ZnSnO3 nanoparticles prepared at pH 8 displayed a more defined cubic crystalline morphology, with an average particle size of 128 nm. The optical properties of the ZnSnO3 nanoparticles showed a high absorption edge in the UV region for both pH conditions. The calculated bandgap energies were 3.67 eV for pH 3 and 3.57 eV for pH 8. The dielectric properties at pH 3 and 8 exhibited a low dielectric constant (ε′ = 4 and 5, respectively) and very low dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.1 and 0.06, respectively) at 1 MHz. These exceptional optical and dielectric properties make the prepared ZnSnO3 nanoparticles a promising material for various applications.
{"title":"Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of sol-gel derived perovskite ZnSnO3 nanomaterials","authors":"D. M. Ibrahim, A. A. Gaber, A. E. Reda, D. A. Abdel Aziz, N. A. Ajiba","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06550-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06550-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc stannate (ZnSnO<sub>3</sub>) ceramic nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel polymeric technique utilizing polyacrylic acid as a template polymer. The effect of pH during the synthesis process was investigated by preparing the ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles at pH 3 and 8. The structural, molecular, morphological, optical, and dielectric properties of the synthesized ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, with optical and dielectric measurements. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the phase purity of the synthesized ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which exhibited an orthorhombic perovskite crystal structure. As observed in the SEM and TEM images, the ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles prepared at pH 8 displayed a more defined cubic crystalline morphology, with an average particle size of 128 nm. The optical properties of the ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles showed a high absorption edge in the UV region for both pH conditions. The calculated bandgap energies were 3.67 eV for pH 3 and 3.57 eV for pH 8. The dielectric properties at pH 3 and 8 exhibited a low dielectric constant (ε′ = 4 and 5, respectively) and very low dielectric loss (tan δ = 0.1 and 0.06, respectively) at 1 MHz. These exceptional optical and dielectric properties make the prepared ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles a promising material for various applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"703 - 714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06550-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06552-0
Mayur Vala, M. J. Kaneria, K. D. Rakholiya, Tanvi Dudhrejiya, Nirali Udani, Sandhya Dodia, Gaurav Jadav, Pankaj Solanki, Dushyant Dhudhagara, Suhas Vyas, J. H. Markna, Bharat Kataria
ZnO:NiO semiconductor nanocomposites have garnered attention in numerous fields, not just antibacterial ones. The current study focuses on preparing pure ZnO (zinc oxide) and ZnO:NiO (nickel oxide) nanocomposites containing different amounts of (5% and 10%). These samples were synthesized utilizing an echo-friendly, cost-effective green approach that employs Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as a reduction agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks correspond to the hexagonal ZnO phase and the cubic NiO phase, with typical crystallite sizes of about 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of Zn, Ni, and O constituents in the nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image showed the mixed shape of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which was a mix of almost spherical and hexagonal forms. A spectral investigation of UV–visible revealed a redshift in the absorption band edge of pristine ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NiO content, indicating a progressive decrease in the optical band gap. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have lower band gap energy due to crystal lattice strain. Photoluminescence tests revealed high levels of Ni2+ ions in ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which improved distortion centers and lattice surface defects in ZnO, resulting in lower emissions-related defects. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis using the well diffusion method. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites demonstrate superior bactericidal activity compared to pure ZnO NPs against specific bacterial species due to their augmented surface area, reduced crystalline size, and elevated the formation of reactive oxygen species after following Ni2+ ion alteration.ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as bactericidal agents that are resistant to harmful bacterial species due to their strong bactericidal activity. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ABTS radical cation scavenging assays. The results revealed that the ZnO nanocomposites exhibited strong antioxidant properties, indicating their potential to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.
{"title":"Impact of NiO concentration on the optical and biological properties of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites","authors":"Mayur Vala, M. J. Kaneria, K. D. Rakholiya, Tanvi Dudhrejiya, Nirali Udani, Sandhya Dodia, Gaurav Jadav, Pankaj Solanki, Dushyant Dhudhagara, Suhas Vyas, J. H. Markna, Bharat Kataria","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06552-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06552-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>ZnO:NiO semiconductor nanocomposites have garnered attention in numerous fields, not just antibacterial ones. The current study focuses on preparing pure ZnO (zinc oxide) and ZnO:NiO (nickel oxide) nanocomposites containing different amounts of (5% and 10%). These samples were synthesized utilizing an echo-friendly, cost-effective green approach that employs <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> fruit extract as a reduction agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks correspond to the hexagonal ZnO phase and the cubic NiO phase, with typical crystallite sizes of about 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of Zn, Ni, and O constituents in the nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image showed the mixed shape of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which was a mix of almost spherical and hexagonal forms. A spectral investigation of UV–visible revealed a redshift in the absorption band edge of pristine ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NiO content, indicating a progressive decrease in the optical band gap. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have lower band gap energy due to crystal lattice strain. Photoluminescence tests revealed high levels of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions in ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which improved distortion centers and lattice surface defects in ZnO, resulting in lower emissions-related defects. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis using the well diffusion method. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites demonstrate superior bactericidal activity compared to pure ZnO NPs against specific bacterial species due to their augmented surface area, reduced crystalline size, and elevated the formation of reactive oxygen species after following Ni<sup>2+</sup> ion alteration.ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as bactericidal agents that are resistant to harmful bacterial species due to their strong bactericidal activity. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ABTS radical cation scavenging assays. The results revealed that the ZnO nanocomposites exhibited strong antioxidant properties, indicating their potential to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"662 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06537-z
Alessia Bezzon, Luigi Aurisicchio, Evelyn Castlunger, Tommaso Ceccatelli Martellini, Dominik Czerwiński, Ilaria Favuzzi, Olgierd Jeremiasz, Angelo Meduri, Jiří Mosinger, Witold Kurylak, Sylvie Motellier, Henric Nedéus, Thierry Rabilloud, Edoardo Rossi, Patricia Royo, Petri Sorsa, Saara Söyrinki, Mario Tului
Among the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts have been undertaken to develop antimicrobial/antiviral surfaces by exploiting coating solutions. In this article, we review the actions undertaken by the EU project MIRIA, the main one being the reduction of pathogen transmission on high-traffic surfaces in public and healthcare environments. The project implements several synergies from key antimicrobial/antiviral element selection to the grafting of complex-shaped surfaces. The focus is given to one of the project’s key strategies: the adoption of sol-gel technology, known for its efficiency in creating versatile, cost-effective coatings suitable for a wide range of substrates. The project rigorously tests the coatings in simulated environments, such as operating theatres, ensuring their effectiveness and safety. This includes comprehensive durability testing against environmental, chemical, and mechanical stresses, guaranteeing the coatings’ long-term functionality. MIRIA’s validation process encompasses antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral testing in line with international standards, confirming their broad-spectrum pathogen resistance. Along with this overview, the impact of the initiative is elucidated, extending beyond healthcare, enhancing public health, creating safer living, and working environments, and reducing economic losses due to illness. To this, the MIRIA project is expected to significantly contribute to the European research and innovation in antimicrobial coatings, addressing challenges like scalability and efficacy against various pathogens. The emphasis on sustainable synthesis, including bio-based materials which align with ecological goals, positions MIRIA as a pivotal initiative in enhancing health safety standards and resilience across Europe.
{"title":"Advancing surface safety: the role of sol-gel nanocoatings in the context of MIRIA European project","authors":"Alessia Bezzon, Luigi Aurisicchio, Evelyn Castlunger, Tommaso Ceccatelli Martellini, Dominik Czerwiński, Ilaria Favuzzi, Olgierd Jeremiasz, Angelo Meduri, Jiří Mosinger, Witold Kurylak, Sylvie Motellier, Henric Nedéus, Thierry Rabilloud, Edoardo Rossi, Patricia Royo, Petri Sorsa, Saara Söyrinki, Mario Tului","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06537-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06537-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts have been undertaken to develop antimicrobial/antiviral surfaces by exploiting coating solutions. In this article, we review the actions undertaken by the EU project MIRIA, the main one being the reduction of pathogen transmission on high-traffic surfaces in public and healthcare environments. The project implements several synergies from key antimicrobial/antiviral element selection to the grafting of complex-shaped surfaces. The focus is given to one of the project’s key strategies: the adoption of sol-gel technology, known for its efficiency in creating versatile, cost-effective coatings suitable for a wide range of substrates. The project rigorously tests the coatings in simulated environments, such as operating theatres, ensuring their effectiveness and safety. This includes comprehensive durability testing against environmental, chemical, and mechanical stresses, guaranteeing the coatings’ long-term functionality. MIRIA’s validation process encompasses antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral testing in line with international standards, confirming their broad-spectrum pathogen resistance. Along with this overview, the impact of the initiative is elucidated, extending beyond healthcare, enhancing public health, creating safer living, and working environments, and reducing economic losses due to illness. To this, the MIRIA project is expected to significantly contribute to the European research and innovation in antimicrobial coatings, addressing challenges like scalability and efficacy against various pathogens. The emphasis on sustainable synthesis, including bio-based materials which align with ecological goals, positions MIRIA as a pivotal initiative in enhancing health safety standards and resilience across Europe.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"639 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to explore the ceramic composition in the morphotropic phase boundary suitable for the high temperature electronic components, Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-PbTiO3(PSN-PIN-PT) ceramics were designed and prepared by using the solid-state reaction method. Effect of the ceramic composition on the phase structure and electric properties of the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics were investigated. For 0.40PSN-(0.60-x)PIN-xPT(x = 0.360, 0.375, 0.390, 0.405), the increase in the PT could improve gradually Curie temperature Tc (262–292°C), but will reduce the phase transition TR-T (94–181 °C). Maximum of piezoelectric coefficient d33 (578 pC/N) could be obtained in the 0.40PSN-0.21PIN-0.39PT ceramics, together with large residual polarization Pr (~36.7 µC/cm2) and high coercive field Ec (~9.3 kV/cm). These performances make the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics have great potential applications in the high temperature device.
{"title":"Phase structure evolution and electric properties of PSN-PIN-PT ferroelectric ceramics near MPB","authors":"Menghao Wang, Pinyang Fang, Xiaoshuai Zuo, Feifei Guo, Wei Long, Xiaojuan Li, Zengzhe Xi","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06545-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06545-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to explore the ceramic composition in the morphotropic phase boundary suitable for the high temperature electronic components, Pb(Sc<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-Pb(In<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>(PSN-PIN-PT) ceramics were designed and prepared by using the solid-state reaction method. Effect of the ceramic composition on the phase structure and electric properties of the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics were investigated. For 0.40PSN-(0.60-<i>x</i>)PIN-<i>x</i>PT(<i>x</i> = 0.360, 0.375, 0.390, 0.405), the increase in the PT could improve gradually Curie temperature <i>T</i><sub>c</sub> (262–292°C), but will reduce the phase transition <i>T</i><sub>R-T</sub> (94–181 °C). Maximum of piezoelectric coefficient <i>d</i><sub>33</sub> (578 pC/N) could be obtained in the 0.40PSN-0.21PIN-0.39PT ceramics, together with large residual polarization <i>P</i><sub>r</sub> (~36.7 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and high coercive field <i>E</i><sub>c</sub> (~9.3 kV/cm). These performances make the PSN-PIN-PT ceramics have great potential applications in the high temperature device.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 2","pages":"614 - 623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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