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Two closed-loop nickel-based catalysts for use in alkaline water electrolysis under industrial conditions 用于工业条件下碱性水电解的两种闭环镍基催化剂
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05996-2
Li Zhu, Qing-Yun Fang, Si-Tong Liu, Bing Li, Fang Li, Zhen-Guo Guo, Ning Deng, Jian-Bo He

This paper presents the preparation and performance evaluation of two closed-loop nickel-based catalysts. The (hydro)oxide coatings of nickel-molybdenum and nickel-iron were electrodeposited onto industrial nickel meshes, which were subsequently used as the cathode and anode (NiMo@NM and NiFe@NM) in alkaline water electrolysis. Both catalysts formed a fully closed-loop configuration, surrounding each nickel wire on the nickel mesh, thereby enhancing the bonding strength with the substrate. The NiMo@NM||NiFe@NM assembly achieved a current density of 200 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of only 1.91 V and room temperature, maintaining this level of performance for over 280 h. A single-stack flow cell was used to examine the changes in cell voltage in relation to temperature, current density, and electrolyte flow rate and concentration. The specific energy consumption for hydrogen production can be reduced to 4.1 kWh Nm−3 (H2) under near-industrial conditions (70 °C, 6 M KOH, 400 mA cm−2). We hope that this study can help bridge the gap between catalyst studies and practical industrial applications.

本文介绍了两种闭环镍基催化剂的制备和性能评估。镍-钼和镍-铁的(氢)氧化物涂层被电沉积到工业镍网上,随后在碱性水电解中用作阴极和阳极(NiMo@NM 和 NiFe@NM)。两种催化剂都形成了完全闭环的结构,将镍网上的每根镍丝包围起来,从而增强了与基体的结合强度。NiMo@NM||NiFe@NM 组件在电池电压仅为 1.91 V 和室温条件下的电流密度达到了 200 mA cm-2,并在超过 280 小时的时间内保持了这一性能水平。在接近工业化的条件下(70 °C、6 M KOH、400 mA cm-2),制氢的比能耗可降至 4.1 kWh Nm-3 (H2)。我们希望这项研究能帮助缩小催化剂研究与实际工业应用之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
The corrosion behavior of Fe-Co-Si alloy under magnetic field 磁场下铁-钴-硅合金的腐蚀行为
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05987-3
Shujian Zhang, Qingdong Zhong, Jian Yang, Dan Wang

The advanced soft magnetic material Fe-Co-Si ternary alloy has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its excellent balanced magnetic properties. When used in an environment where oceans and magnetic fields interact, the corrosion behavior of this alloy is currently not well understood. In this study, immersion experiments and electrochemical tests have been used to explore its corrosion behavior under conditions of no magnetic field, a uniform parallel magnetic field, and a vertical magnetic field with a magnetic field. The results indicate that the presence of a magnetic field accelerates corrosion while suppressing pitting and intergranular corrosion of the alloy. Moreover, compared to the perpendicular magnetic field, the impact is more pronounced when applying a parallel magnetic field due to the synergistic effect of Lorentz force and magnetic field gradient force. Additionally, the presence of Si elements affects the formation of Co oxide passivation film, which reduced the corrosion resistance of the alloy under both magnetic and non-magnetic field conditions. This finding contributes to filling the theoretical gap in the corrosion failure behavior of Fe-Co-Si alloy under magnetic field conditions.

先进的软磁材料铁-钴-硅三元合金因其优异的平衡磁性能而成为近年来的研究热点。在海洋和磁场相互作用的环境中使用时,这种合金的腐蚀行为目前还不十分清楚。本研究采用浸泡实验和电化学测试的方法,探讨了其在无磁场、均匀平行磁场和具有磁场的垂直磁场条件下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,磁场的存在会加速腐蚀,同时抑制合金的点蚀和晶间腐蚀。此外,与垂直磁场相比,由于洛伦兹力和磁场梯度力的协同作用,平行磁场的影响更为明显。此外,硅元素的存在会影响 Co 氧化物钝化膜的形成,从而降低合金在磁场和非磁场条件下的耐腐蚀性。这一发现有助于填补磁场条件下 Fe-Co-Si 合金腐蚀失效行为的理论空白。
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引用次数: 0
Structural engineering on indole derivative for rechargeable organic lithium-ion battery 用于可充电有机锂离子电池的吲哚衍生物结构工程学
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05970-y
Lohit Naik, Vipin Kumar P., V. R. Shetty, S. G. Bubbly, S. B. Gudennavar

In the present work, the indole derivative, namely, 3,3′,3″-methane-triyl-tris-1H-indol (tris-Ind), is synthesized and characterized as an organic electrode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (RLIB). The structural characterization of the synthesized molecule is carried out using physicochemical techniques. The ball milling method is used for the lithiation process to form electroactive lithiated tris-Ind (Li-tris-Ind). The electrochemical activity of Li-tris-Ind is measured in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytic media, and the results are compared. The aqueous cell system delivers an average cell potential of 0.76 V with a discharge capacity of 189 mAhg−1, whereas the non-aqueous cell system delivers an average potential of 1 V with 506 mAhg−1. The potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies reveal the kinetics of finite diffusion. The organic electrode shows good cyclic stability and reproducibility in both systems, making it a significant practical material for RLIB applications.

本研究合成了吲哚衍生物,即 3,3′,3″-甲烷-三基-三-1H-吲哚(tris-Ind),并将其表征为可充电锂离子电池(RLIB)中的有机电极材料。利用物理化学技术对合成分子进行了结构表征。球磨法用于形成电活性锂化三铟(Li-tris-Ind)。在水性和非水性电解介质中测量了三铟锂的电化学活性,并对结果进行了比较。水溶液电池系统的平均电池电位为 0.76 V,放电容量为 189 mAhg-1,而非水溶液电池系统的平均电位为 1 V,放电容量为 506 mAhg-1。恒电位电化学阻抗谱研究揭示了有限扩散动力学。有机电极在两种体系中都表现出良好的循环稳定性和可重复性,使其成为 RLIB 应用的重要实用材料。
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引用次数: 0
Ca3Co4O9-Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 composite catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction 用于氧进化反应的 Ca3Co4O9-Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 复合催化剂
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05992-6
Sávio M. Lopes, Thayse R. Silva, Rafael A. Raimundo, Pamala S. Vieira, Allan J. M. Araújo, Fausthon F. da Silva, Ricardo F. Alves, Flavia de M. Aquino, Daniel A. Macedo

The development of new electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is fundamental for water-splitting devices. In this work, a novel composite based on Ca3Co4O9 (C349) and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (BSCF) was synthesized and characterized using XRD with Rietveld refinement, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The electrochemical properties were evaluated in a KOH alkaline medium. The composite exhibited exceptional OER electrocatalytic activity, showing an overpotential of 389 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is lower than the pristine BSCF and C349 samples. Tafel slope of 77 mV dec−1 and double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of 4.37 mF were obtained, indicating an ECSA of 109.25 cm2. The composite also demonstrated a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.9 × 10−3 mol O2 s−1, underscoring its superior catalytic efficiency. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the C349 and BSCF samples exhibited greater limitations in charge transfer compared to the composite. These results highlight the composite’s potential as a highly effective OER electrocatalyst, leveraging the synergistic effects of C349 and BSCF.

Graphical abstract

开发新的氧进化反应(OER)电催化剂对水分离装置至关重要。在这项工作中,合成了一种基于 Ca3Co4O9 (C349) 和 Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (BSCF) 的新型复合材料,并使用 XRD 与 Rietveld 精化、SEM、EDX 和 FTIR 对其进行了表征。在 KOH 碱性介质中对其电化学特性进行了评估。该复合材料表现出卓越的 OER 电催化活性,在 10 mA cm-2 时的过电位为 389 mV,低于原始 BSCF 和 C349 样品。塔菲尔斜率为 77 mV dec-1,双层电容(Cdl)为 4.37 mF,表明 ECSA 为 109.25 cm2。该复合材料还显示出 1.9 × 10-3 mol O2 s-1 的高翻转频率 (TOF),凸显了其卓越的催化效率。阻抗光谱显示,与复合材料相比,C349 和 BSCF 样品在电荷转移方面表现出更大的局限性。这些结果凸显了该复合材料利用 C349 和 BSCF 的协同效应作为高效 OER 电催化剂的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing tungsten-based electrodes coated with W and Ce oxides for pH sensing applications 评估涂有 W 和 Ce 氧化物的钨基电极在 pH 值传感应用中的效果
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05974-8
Luis Díaz-Ballote, Elsy Tarly Vega-Lizama, Luis Maldonado López, William Santiago González-Gómez

This study assessed tungsten-based materials with and without dispersed CeO2 for potential use as pH sensors. Specifically, three types of tungsten electrodes were characterized: tungsten electrodes without CeO2 but with native oxide, tungsten electrodes without CeO2 that were oxidized, and a tungsten electrode containing dispersed CeO2 that was oxidized, resulting in a mixture of WO3, CeO2, and Ce2O3. The characterization was performed using SEM/EDAX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques. The oxide coatings showed higher oxygen contents compared to native tungsten. XPS confirmed the presence of a thick layer of WO3 and cerium oxides. The electrodes exhibited good reproducibility and stability in pH measurements. A linear relationship was found between the open circuit potential and pH, with slopes of 44.9, 40.8, and 46.9 mV pH−1 for native oxide, WO3, and WO3 with CeO2 and Ce2O3, respectively. The latter showed the highest sensitivity and lowest hysteresis. The response times ranged from 14.5–23.5 s and were faster in acidic solutions. Overall, the inexpensive tungsten-based electrodes demonstrated promising capabilities for pH sensing, but in particular ceriated tungsten electrodes.

本研究评估了含有和不含有分散 CeO2 的钨基材料作为 pH 传感器的潜在用途。具体来说,对三种类型的钨电极进行了表征:不含 CeO2 但具有原生氧化物的钨电极、不含 CeO2 但已氧化的钨电极,以及含有分散 CeO2 但已氧化的钨电极,氧化后形成 WO3、CeO2 和 Ce2O3 的混合物。表征采用了 SEM/EDAX、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和电化学技术。与原生钨相比,氧化物涂层显示出更高的氧含量。XPS 证实了 WO3 和铈氧化物厚层的存在。电极在 pH 值测量中表现出良好的重现性和稳定性。开路电位与 pH 值之间呈线性关系,原生氧化物、WO3 以及含 CeO2 和 Ce2O3 的 WO3 的 pH 值斜率分别为 44.9、40.8 和 46.9 mV-1。后者显示出最高的灵敏度和最低的滞后。响应时间为 14.5-23.5 秒,在酸性溶液中更快。总之,廉价的钨基电极在 pH 值传感方面表现出了良好的性能,尤其是铈化钨电极。
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引用次数: 0
3D heterogeneous modeling of lithium-ion battery with PLA-graphite/graphite semi-solid flexible electrodes 使用聚乳酸-石墨/石墨半固态柔性电极的锂离子电池三维异质建模
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05990-8
I. Akilan, C. Velmurugan

The flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are revolutionizing the consumer market mandatory due to their versatility, high energy and power density, and lightweight design. The rising demand of expedient electronic and wearable devices has driven the widespread application of these flexible batteries in view of convenience and efficiency for users. The market demand for next-generation devices has incited the innovative investigation on novel flexible lithium-ion batteries to fulfill evolving needs. In this study, the performance of flexible lithium-ion battery made with PLA-graphite/graphite semi-solid electrodes has been investigated. The semi-solid electrodes were prepared by combining the active and conductive electrode materials with the liquid electrolyte. This setup of viscous and thick slurry enabled an efficient movement for all solid particles within the battery with the application of bending, shear, or pressure forces. In order to investigate the battery’s enactment, the heterogeneous 3D model was developed with the consideration of all electrical and electrochemical parameters of semi-solid electrodes. The COMSOL Multiphysics® software was employed for the finite element analysis (FEA) of the governing equations. The specific discharge capacity of the proposed model has been validated with the experimental results under half- and full-cell modes. Furthermore, the deformation characteristics, battery discharge rate, and operating temperature have been examined using the model of flexible electrodes under half- and full-cell modes. The results of this study suggested the level of optimal functional temperature and rate of discharge for the flexible LIB.

柔性锂离子电池(LIB)因其多功能性、高能量和高功率密度以及轻巧的设计,正在彻底改变着消费市场。对便捷电子设备和可穿戴设备的需求不断增长,推动了这些柔性电池的广泛应用,为用户带来了便利和效率。市场对下一代设备的需求激发了对新型柔性锂离子电池的创新研究,以满足不断发展的需求。本研究调查了使用聚乳酸-石墨/石墨半固体电极制造的柔性锂离子电池的性能。半固态电极是通过将活性和导电电极材料与液态电解质结合而制备的。这种粘稠泥浆的设置使电池内的所有固体颗粒在施加弯曲力、剪切力或压力时都能有效移动。为了研究电池的构造,在开发异质三维模型时考虑了半固体电极的所有电气和电化学参数。采用 COMSOL Multiphysics® 软件对控制方程进行有限元分析(FEA)。在半电池和全电池模式下,所提模型的比放电容量与实验结果进行了验证。此外,在半电池和全电池模式下,使用柔性电极模型对变形特性、电池放电率和工作温度进行了检验。研究结果表明了柔性 LIB 的最佳功能温度和放电率水平。
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引用次数: 0
Modifications of bismuth molybdates through selective additions of Zn2+: an efficient photocatalyst for solar-driven water splitting applications 通过选择性添加 Zn2+ 对钼酸铋进行改性:一种用于太阳能驱动的水分离应用的高效光催化剂
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05986-4
Swarnendu Baduri, Sangeeta Ghosh, Debasish Ray, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Han-Seung Lee, Chinmoy Bhattacharya

The improvement of the water oxidation capability of bismuth molybdate (BM) with selective metal addition under illumination was examined. BM and its Zn-modified (different atomic %) photoanodes were developed over conducting glass substrate through the cost-effective drop-cast method. The maximum photocurrent of ~ 240 µA/cm2 at an applied potential of 1.3 V vs Ag/AgCl was recorded for the 2% Zn modified sample in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution (PBS, pH 7) under 100 mW/cm2 illuminations. Surface characterizations like scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and optical analysis such as UV–vis absorbance, photoluminescence, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopic analyses were performed to determine the physicochemical properties of the semiconductor. The pure bismuth molybdate shows an optical band gap of ~ 2.78 eV, which decreases for the Zn-modified sample, and a minimum of 2.55 eV is detected for the optimized sample. The XRD analysis also reveals that Zn addition into the bismuth molybdate matrix decreases crystallite size with variation in proportions of the constituent metal oxides. The stability of the semiconductors regarding the PEC water oxidation reaction indicates promising results even under continuous illumination for 1 h. The Mott-Schottky study reveals the n-type nature of the semiconductors, whereas the Nyquist analysis indicates minimum charge transfer resistance for the 2% Zn-BMO sample. The PEC action spectra for the optimized photoanode indicate a maximum of 34% incident photon to current conversion efficiency with corresponding 38% absorbed photon to current conversion efficiency, which is more than three times than that of the pure bismuth molybdate.

研究了在光照下选择性添加金属以提高钼酸铋(BM)的水氧化能力。通过经济有效的滴注法,在导电玻璃基底上开发出了钼酸铋及其锌改性(不同原子%)光阳极。在 0.1 M Na2SO4 溶液(PBS,pH 值为 7)中,在 100 mW/cm2 的照明条件下,2% 的锌修饰样品在 1.3 V 对 Ag/AgCl 的应用电位下记录到的最大光电流为 240 µA/cm2。为了确定半导体的物理化学特性,还进行了表面表征,如扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、能量色散 X 射线分析,以及光学分析,如紫外-可见吸收率、光致发光、傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱分析。纯钼酸铋的光带隙为 2.78 eV,锌修饰样品的光带隙有所减小,优化样品的光带隙最小为 2.55 eV。XRD 分析还显示,在钼酸铋基体中加入锌后,随着组成金属氧化物比例的变化,晶体尺寸也会减小。Mott-Schottky 研究显示了半导体的 n 型性质,而 Nyquist 分析则表明 2% Zn-BMO 样品的电荷转移电阻最小。优化光阳极的 PEC 作用光谱表明,入射光子与电流的转换效率最高可达 34%,相应的吸收光子与电流的转换效率为 38%,是纯钼酸铋的三倍多。
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical performance of gold electrode in aqueous solution, containing fullerenol-d (C60(OH)24): the possibility of direct detection of fullerenol-d in aqueous solutions 含富勒烯醇-d(C60(OH)24)水溶液中金电极的电化学性能:直接检测水溶液中富勒烯醇-d的可能性
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05991-7
S. S. Ermakov, K. N. Semenov, D. V. Navolotskaya, O. V. Svetlova, A. Yu. Arbenin, A. A. Petrov

The electrochemical performance of gold electrode in sulfuric acid was studied with addition of different concentrations of dissolved fullerenol-d with C60(OH)24 chemical formula. Based on the cyclic voltammetry data, the conclusion of surface complexation of Au(III) with fullerenol was made. The scheme was suggested to describe the electrode process, based on catalysis of anodic Au dissolution by fullerenol molecules. The technique was suggested to detect fullerenol-d (C60(OH)24) in concentration range from 2.6·10–9 M to 2.0·10–7 M by means of cyclic voltammetry of gold in aqueous sulfuric acid solution.

在硫酸中加入不同浓度的化学式为 C60(OH)24 的溶解富勒烯醇-d,研究了金电极的电化学性能。根据循环伏安数据,得出金(III)与富勒烯醇表面络合的结论。根据富勒烯醇分子对阳极金溶解的催化作用,提出了描述电极过程的方案。通过在硫酸水溶液中对金进行循环伏安法检测富勒烯醇-d(C60(OH)24)的浓度范围为 2.6-10-9 M 至 2.0-10-7 M。
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引用次数: 0
Hot pressing a high loading FeS2 all-solid-state composite cathode improves initial cycle performance 热压高负载 FeS2 全固态复合阴极可提高初始循环性能
IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05989-1
Thomas A. Yersak, Hernando J. Gonzalez Malabet, Mei Cai

This study reports that hot pressing a high loading (9.375 mg cm−2; > 5 mAh cm−2) all-solid-state FeS2 composite cathodes at 240 °C and 47 MPa improved initial cycle performance. At 25 °C, a cold-pressed cell delivered negligible capacity whereas a hot-pressed cell delivered 332 mAh g−1 (2.34 mAh cm−2). At 60 °C, a cold-pressed cell delivered 666 mAh g−1 (4.70 mAh cm−2) whereas a hot-pressed cell delivered 782 mAh g−1 (5.52 mAh cm−2). Hot-pressed cathode composites had a 20% porosity whereas cold-pressed cathode composites had a 30% porosity. Increased initial discharge capacity was attributed to better solid–solid interfacial contact between sulfide solid-state electrolyte (SSE) particles and between SSE and FeS2 active material particles. Cell failure occurred upon extended cycling due to the stresses generated by the expansion of lithiated FeS2. FIBSEM cross-sectional imaging of post mortem cathode composites revealed horizontal cracking indicative of electrode delamination due to electrode expansion.

本研究报告称,在 240 °C 和 47 MPa 条件下热压高负载(9.375 mg cm-2; > 5 mAh cm-2)全固态 FeS2 复合阴极可提高初始循环性能。25 °C 时,冷压电池的容量可忽略不计,而热压电池的容量为 332 mAh g-1(2.34 mAh cm-2)。60 °C 时,冷压电池的容量为 666 mAh g-1(4.70 mAh cm-2),而热压电池的容量为 782 mAh g-1(5.52 mAh cm-2)。热压阴极复合材料的孔隙率为 20%,而冷压阴极复合材料的孔隙率为 30%。初始放电容量的增加归因于硫化物固态电解质(SSE)颗粒之间以及 SSE 和 FeS2 活性材料颗粒之间更好的固-固界面接触。由于石化 FeS2 膨胀产生的应力,电池在长时间循环后发生失效。对死后阴极复合材料的 FIBSEM 横截面成像显示出水平裂纹,表明电极膨胀导致电极分层。
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引用次数: 0
MOF-modified electrodes applied as electrochemical sensors for voltammetric determinations 将 MOF 改性电极用作伏安测定的电化学传感器
IF 2.5 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-024-05985-5
Ramon R. F. Fonseca, Rafael de Q. Ferreira, Priscilla P. Luz

This review highlights the significant potential of MOFs as modifiers for electrodes, showcasing improved electrode capabilities in the determination of inorganic and organic analytes through voltammetric techniques. The enhanced performance of MOF-modified electrodes is primarily attributed to the inherent properties of MOFs, such as substantial surface area, pore size, analyte adsorption capacity, and their role in stabilizing electrocatalytic centers. The chemical and thermal stability of MOFs during electrode production and application significantly contributes to the improvement of their performance. To realize optimal performance, future investigations are crucial, emphasizing MOFs with proven chemical and thermal stability under analysis conditions, coupled with efficient adsorption capacities for diverse analytes. The synthesis of novel MOFs using functionalized polytopic organic ligands with a superior affinity for specific analytes is also recommended. Anticipating rapid evolution in research on MOF-modified electrodes, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential. Researchers from diverse scientific areas are expected to recognize the attractiveness of this research field for developing new tools for trace analyses, biological molecules, and pesticides. The collaborative development of MOF-modified electrodes necessitates cooperation between inorganic chemists and analytical chemists experienced in electroanalysis, as the optimization process demands a combination of synthesis and analytical expertise. Furthermore, their application in trace elements monitoring, molecules of biological interest, and pesticide detection is discussed. The opportunities and challenges for advanced MOF-modified electrodes are proposed at the end of this review.

本综述强调了 MOFs 作为电极改性剂的巨大潜力,展示了通过伏安法测定无机和有机分析物时电极性能的提高。MOF 改性电极性能的提高主要归功于 MOFs 的固有特性,如巨大的表面积、孔径、分析物吸附能力及其在稳定电催化中心方面的作用。MOFs 在电极生产和应用过程中的化学稳定性和热稳定性极大地促进了其性能的提高。要实现最佳性能,未来的研究至关重要,重点是在分析条件下具有可靠化学和热稳定性的 MOFs,以及对各种分析物的高效吸附能力。此外,还建议使用对特定分析物具有超强亲和力的功能化多位有机配体合成新型 MOF。鉴于 MOF 改性电极研究的快速发展,跨学科合作至关重要。希望来自不同科学领域的研究人员都能认识到这一研究领域在开发痕量分析、生物分子和农药新工具方面的吸引力。合作开发 MOF 改性电极需要无机化学家和具有电分析经验的分析化学家之间的合作,因为优化过程需要合成和分析专业知识的结合。此外,还讨论了它们在痕量元素监测、生物分子和农药检测方面的应用。本综述的最后提出了先进的 MOF 改性电极所面临的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
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