Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry最新文献

In order to prevent the aggregation of ZIF-67, increase the electrochemical reaction sites, promote the diffusion of lithium-ions, improve the cycling stability of the electrode, and avoid the negative impact of conductive agents and binders, a copper-supported network with ZIF-67 derivative encapsulated in a carbon matrix was synthesized by sintering the copper foil coated by the suspension containing ZIF-67, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The obtained copper-supported coating is CoO_x/C composite. Being sintered in an inert atmosphere at high temperature, ZIF-67 decomposes to form Co₃O₄/C composite, PAN decomposes to form carbon, and PMMA volatilizes. The volatilization of PMMA at high temperatures leads to the network structure of the ZIF-67 derivative/PAN-derived carbon coating. The ZIF-67 derivative/PAN-derived carbon coating exhibits a high capacity of 1149 mAh g⁻¹ and good cycling stability. Its good electrochemical performance depends on the following factors: (1) the steric hindrance effect of PAN-derived carbon avoids the aggregation of the ZIF-67 derivative; (2) the copper-supported coating is free of conductive agents or binders; (3) the network structure is beneficial for increasing the electrochemical reaction sites for lithium storage, promoting the diffusion of lithium-ions, and improving the cycling stability of the electrode.

As an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion thin film batteries are very attractive for energy storage applications driven by financial limitations. The materials, like Sn, Sb, SnO₂, and Sb₂O₃, have gained much attention in this area because of their distinctive electrical characteristics. SnO₂ stands out among them as a potential material for next-generation storage systems due to its non-toxicity, low cost, distinctive crystal structures, and superior electrochemical performances. By using physical vapour deposition processes, it is quite difficult to obtain crystalline and stoichiometric tin compounds. Radio frequency (RF) sputtering was employed in this study to deposit SnO₂ thin films. Thin films of pure phase and crystalline nature were produced using the annealing process. The cathodic and anodic reactions are confirmed from electrochemical studies along with high capacity retention (95%) and charging capacity ~ 577 mAh.g⁻¹, which indicates that SnO₂ would be a promising anode material for Na-ion thin film batteries.

A Fe/Cu bimetal composite catalyst self-supported on commercial copper foam (Fe₂O₃/CuO@CF) is synthesized by chemical oxidation followed by calcination and evaluated for electrochemical nitrite sensing. The surface of the copper foam is uniformly covered with submicron sphere arrays composed of the hetero-interfacing Fe₂O₃ and CuO crystals. This unique structure presents good local wetting, surface hydrophilicity, and nitrite enrichment, thereby heightening nitrate capture efficiency and underpinning the ultrasensitive detection of nitrite. Electrochemical measurements uncover that Fe₂O₃/CuO@CF exhibits a broad detection range (4–1377 µM), a low detection limit (0.72 µM), and high sensitivity (3573 µA mM cm⁻² or 2379 µA mM cm⁻² within a low or high nitrite concentration range) for nitrite. This design concept offers new insights for building superb electrochemical sensor electrodes with promising applications in environmental monitoring and food safety analysis.

This study demonstrates the fabrication of TiO₂-based photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at varying weight percentages (0.5, 1, and 3 wt%) using a direct and straightforward approach. In this work, rGO was synthesized using a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method previously reported in the literature, offering an alternative to conventional Hummers and modified Hummers methods. Systematic structural, morphological, compositional, and optical studies confirmed the incorporation of rGO on TiO₂ films. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs improved with rGO incorporation, with the optimal concentration identified as 1 wt%. Electrical conductivity measurements revealed that rGO incorporation enhanced conductivity, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicated reduced charge transfer resistance, leading to suppressed recombination and improved electron transport. Additionally, incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements confirmed the enhanced efficiency of the 1 wt% rGO-incorporated sample. The simplicity and sustainability of the rGO synthesis method, along with the direct integration approach, highlight the potential of rGO as an effective and practical additive for enhancing the performance of DSSCs.

Self-healing polymer electrolytes are in high demand for enhancing the cycle stability and reliability of flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, a healable, nonflammable poly(ionic liquids) (PIL) electrolyte is fabricated. It is based on an imidazolium-type PIL copolymer that contains cross-linkers with a disulfide bond and hydrogen bond (SSH), ionic liquid, and lithium salt. The prepared SSH-PIL electrolytes display high ionic conductivity and outstanding self-healing capacity due to multiple dynamic interactions. The optimized SSH-PIL2 electrolyte films exhibit superior ionic conductivity (exceeding 10^–4 S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C), a wide electrochemical stability window (5.2 V vs. Li/Li⁺), and a high lithium-ion transference number (0.43). The assembled LiFePO₄/SSH-PIL2/Li cell delivers a specific discharge capacity of 153.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, and a capacity retention of 93.3% after 100 cycles. More significantly, the SSH-PIL2 electrolyte can quickly repair mechanical damage (within 20 min at 60 °C). The healing efficiency in terms of mechanical properties and specific discharge capacity is as high as 94.6% and 98.0%, respectively. This work presents a promising approach for developing reliable and safe electronic devices.

Composite solid polymer electrolytes (CSPEs) are ideal candidates for metal batteries, offering flexibility, stability, high ionic conductivity, and compatibility with lithium metal. In this work, we developed a dual polymer-based (PVDF-HFP/PEO)/Li_6.25La₃Ga_0.25Zr₂O₁₂ (LLGZO) based CSPE using an easily scalable solution casting method. The integration of dual polymer (PEO in PVDF-HFP matrix) and active ceramics (Ga doped LLZO) demonstrates a good Strategy to balance mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability for solid-state Lithium metal batteries. This Synergistic design led to a remarkable enhancement in room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.08 × 10^–4 S·cm⁻¹, the lowest activation energy of 0.304 eV, a wide electrochemical Stability window of 5.23 V vs. Li/Li⁺, and a high transference number (0.74) at 60 °C for 10 wt% LLGZO-coated dual-polymer-based CSPE (LZ10). Additionally, it exhibited lower metal/electrolyte interfacial resistance (52.55Ω) and improved tensile Strength of 2.63 MPa. As a consequence, LZ10 enabled an excellent plating/stripping Stability for more than 900 h at varying current densities at 60 °C, with lower changes in bulk and interfacial resistance during long-term cycling. Moreover, the fabricated solid-state cell (Li/LZ10/LiFePO₄) delivers superior capacity and cycling stability at various current densities at elevated temperatures. Cells also maintained ~ 84% capacity retention after 50 cycles with an excellent coulombic efficiency of > 98%. Thus, the compiled data suggest that the PVDF-HFP/PEO/LLGZO CSPE is a highly promising candidate for developing metal batteries.

To address the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, and high cost of Ni²⁺ recovery process at low concentration, the current efficiency was enhanced, and energy consumption was reduced through process optimization, while the quality and purity of nickel deposits were improved. By systematically optimizing key parameters such as electrolysis duration, current density, Ni²⁺ concentration, electrolysis temperature, and electrode plate spacing, the optimal electrolysis conditions were determined using regression analysis to quantify the effects of each factor on energy consumption and current efficiency. The optimal electrolysis conditions were obtained: electrolysis duration of 3 h, current density of 100 A/m², Ni²⁺ concentration of 12.5 g/L, temperature of 40 ℃, and pole-plate spacing of 4 cm, under which the current efficiency was maximized and the energy consumption was reduced by about 31% compared with that of conventional membrane electrolysis. The additives cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and acrylthiourea (ATU) were further introduced to optimize the quality of the nickel deposited products, and ultimately, α-type nickel with smooth surface, uniform grain size, and purity higher than 99% was obtained. This study significantly improves the energy efficiency of Ni²⁺ recovery at low concentrations, provides an optimized process solution for the efficient recovery of nickel from industrial wastewater or dilute solutions, and lays a technical foundation for the preparation of high-purity nickel materials.

Electrolyte additives play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of lead-acid batteries. In this study, varying amounts of manganese sulfate (MnSO₄) were introduced into the electrolyte to investigate its effects on the LAB negative electrode. The results indicate that MnSO₄ significantly improves the reversibility of the negative electrode reaction and reduces plate internal resistance. Furthermore, batteries incorporating MnSO₄ exhibit superior specific discharge capacity and excellent rate capability. Notably, at an optimal concentration of 0.5 wt.%, the negative electrode delivered discharge capacities of 123.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹and 89.0 mAh g⁻¹at 400 mA g⁻¹. After 1000 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹, the electrode retained a discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh g⁻¹, representing a 79% improvement over the blank battery. Characterization analysis confirms that MnSO₄ not only enhances negative electrode formation efficiency but also effectively suppresses sulfation.

The process of additive manufacturing of copper objects by means of localized electrodeposition in a sulphate electrolyte has been studied. Three slicing patterns were used (concentric, zigzag, and triangular), as well as three infill steps: 1, 2, and 4 mm. The morphology and structure of the deposits were examined using SEM and XRD methods. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that trajectories where the electrode moves over small distances between adjacent deposition points (concentric or zigzag) result in the formation of a less homogeneous layer with characteristic porosity, globule formation, or grain agglomeration. In contrast, the use of a triangular trajectory leads to a more uniform, dense layer with evenly distributed grain structure. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the largest crystallites are formed with zigzag infill, smaller ones are formed with concentric and triangular trajectories. Increasing the infill step reduces the crystallite size. The type of slicing also affects internal stresses in the deposit. The least stressed deposits are obtained with concentric infill, slightly higher stresses with triangular infill, but in both cases, increasing the infill step reduces internal stresses. In contrast, zigzag infill results in the highest stresses, which increase further with a larger infill step.