Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810307
N. Vakrilov, A. Stoynova, B. Bonev
In this paper, a comparative analysis of two methods for evaluation of the thermal behavior of metal core printed circuit boards (MCPCB)for a LED lighting device is performed-modeling and measuring. Digital modeling and CFD simulations capabilities for the prognosis of heat-physical processes in different PCBs construction of LED modules and experimental capabilities of noncontact measurements methods are investigated and compared. Correlations between thermal surface distribution and design parameters obtained with digital thermal models are verified by thermographic measurements. It has been shown that a verification process of up to 5 % accuracy is obtained by taking standard measures to compensate the main factors affecting the thermography.
{"title":"3D Thermal Modelling and Verification of Power Electronic Modules","authors":"N. Vakrilov, A. Stoynova, B. Bonev","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810307","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a comparative analysis of two methods for evaluation of the thermal behavior of metal core printed circuit boards (MCPCB)for a LED lighting device is performed-modeling and measuring. Digital modeling and CFD simulations capabilities for the prognosis of heat-physical processes in different PCBs construction of LED modules and experimental capabilities of noncontact measurements methods are investigated and compared. Correlations between thermal surface distribution and design parameters obtained with digital thermal models are verified by thermographic measurements. It has been shown that a verification process of up to 5 % accuracy is obtained by taking standard measures to compensate the main factors affecting the thermography.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80629450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810278
I. Ferencz, D. Petreus
In the last decade, grid-connected photovoltaic systems were studied and developed due to advance in the technology of solar panels, their price drop and the climatic crisis. This work will study, analyze and design a low power solar inverter. The most important design constraints for a solar inverter are: efficiency, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance and synchronization with the utility grid. The objective of this project is to find a solution for each (minimization of power losses, precise tracking of grid frequency). To achieve a satisfying efficiency, a current mode control loop in a two-dimensional control frame was implemented, with an enhanced phase-lock loop (EPLL) as the synchronization mechanism with the utility grid. For tracking the maximum point on the power curve of the solar cell, a classical hill climbing method was improved and integrated into the system. For simulations, Matlab Simulink software was used and input power versus output power was examined along with total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter's output current, while for experimental testing a dSPACE controller board and two Suntec Power solar panel. The paper is focused on the current mode control loop mathematical equations providing a simplified step by step design process.
{"title":"Current Mode Control of a Solar Inverter with MPPT Algorithm","authors":"I. Ferencz, D. Petreus","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810278","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, grid-connected photovoltaic systems were studied and developed due to advance in the technology of solar panels, their price drop and the climatic crisis. This work will study, analyze and design a low power solar inverter. The most important design constraints for a solar inverter are: efficiency, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance and synchronization with the utility grid. The objective of this project is to find a solution for each (minimization of power losses, precise tracking of grid frequency). To achieve a satisfying efficiency, a current mode control loop in a two-dimensional control frame was implemented, with an enhanced phase-lock loop (EPLL) as the synchronization mechanism with the utility grid. For tracking the maximum point on the power curve of the solar cell, a classical hill climbing method was improved and integrated into the system. For simulations, Matlab Simulink software was used and input power versus output power was examined along with total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter's output current, while for experimental testing a dSPACE controller board and two Suntec Power solar panel. The paper is focused on the current mode control loop mathematical equations providing a simplified step by step design process.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810301
Henry Kettwig, Daniel Frizlaff, Patrick Otto, Gunther Naumann, K. Harre, Yvonne Joseph
In the last years the importance of biopolymers increased steadily because petrochemical resources are limited. Another reason are environmental problems e.g. microplastic and some new laws from the European Union for the usage of petrochemical plastics. Therefore, the industry is searching for alternatives in a broad range of fields of applications. In the paper at hand a modified biobased material for sensor applications, based on renewable resources, is presented. The biopolymer is modified with a plasticizier and crosslinker to increase the mechanical properties and stability. The viscosity behavior depending on temperature and shear rate is also shown. The resulting thin layers were characterized with impedance spectroscopy and direct current measurements.
{"title":"Electrical Properties of Biopolymers","authors":"Henry Kettwig, Daniel Frizlaff, Patrick Otto, Gunther Naumann, K. Harre, Yvonne Joseph","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810301","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years the importance of biopolymers increased steadily because petrochemical resources are limited. Another reason are environmental problems e.g. microplastic and some new laws from the European Union for the usage of petrochemical plastics. Therefore, the industry is searching for alternatives in a broad range of fields of applications. In the paper at hand a modified biobased material for sensor applications, based on renewable resources, is presented. The biopolymer is modified with a plasticizier and crosslinker to increase the mechanical properties and stability. The viscosity behavior depending on temperature and shear rate is also shown. The resulting thin layers were characterized with impedance spectroscopy and direct current measurements.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90155739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810274
Tareq I. Al-Ma’aiteh, O. Krammer
In this paper, particle level modelling for solder paste viscosity measurement was described to investigate the non-Newtonian rheological behaviour of solder pastes. The model based on the rheometer arrangement in order to be able to measure the viscosity of solder pastes. The solid particles have a concentration of 50% in the total volume of solder paste, while the rest is the flux. The geometry of the rheometer was defined according to real test arrangements with a plate diameter of 1 0 mm, and with a gap distance between the plates of 0.5 mm. A 15 degree part of the rheometer plate was modelled to reduce the calculation time with achieving a fine mesh. The meshing was based on hexahedron elements while using tetrahedron elements at the corner. The particles were initialized in arbitrary distribution with a number of 57 thousand particles with an average particle diameter of 30 μ m. The particle diameter distribution investigated, and the method for arbitrary location distribution injected in the model.
{"title":"Particle Level Modelling of Solder Pastes Rheological Behaviour in Viscosity Measurement","authors":"Tareq I. Al-Ma’aiteh, O. Krammer","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810274","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, particle level modelling for solder paste viscosity measurement was described to investigate the non-Newtonian rheological behaviour of solder pastes. The model based on the rheometer arrangement in order to be able to measure the viscosity of solder pastes. The solid particles have a concentration of 50% in the total volume of solder paste, while the rest is the flux. The geometry of the rheometer was defined according to real test arrangements with a plate diameter of 1 0 mm, and with a gap distance between the plates of 0.5 mm. A 15 degree part of the rheometer plate was modelled to reduce the calculation time with achieving a fine mesh. The meshing was based on hexahedron elements while using tetrahedron elements at the corner. The particles were initialized in arbitrary distribution with a number of 57 thousand particles with an average particle diameter of 30 μ m. The particle diameter distribution investigated, and the method for arbitrary location distribution injected in the model.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89735056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810236
M. Milutinov, L. Zivanov, N. Blaz
This paper propose a model of complex magnetic permeability of ferrite core inductor with frequency independent lumped parameters. The electrical model, suitable for circuit design process, is consist of two resistance, one inductance, and one capacitance. The model with four unknown parameters is tested on ferrite ring core 3F3 10/6/4 by Ferroxcube. Impedance and core loss of the core are measured at low excitation up to 1 mT and in operating frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz. Two of these four parameters are obtained by measurement or taken from the data sheet. Remain two parameters are estimated by fitting procedure comparing equivalent serial representation with measured data. The measuring procedure is performed using an Impedance Analyzer HP 4194A.
{"title":"Frequency Independent Lumped Parameter Model of Ferrite Core","authors":"M. Milutinov, L. Zivanov, N. Blaz","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810236","url":null,"abstract":"This paper propose a model of complex magnetic permeability of ferrite core inductor with frequency independent lumped parameters. The electrical model, suitable for circuit design process, is consist of two resistance, one inductance, and one capacitance. The model with four unknown parameters is tested on ferrite ring core 3F3 10/6/4 by Ferroxcube. Impedance and core loss of the core are measured at low excitation up to 1 mT and in operating frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz. Two of these four parameters are obtained by measurement or taken from the data sheet. Remain two parameters are estimated by fitting procedure comparing equivalent serial representation with measured data. The measuring procedure is performed using an Impedance Analyzer HP 4194A.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88251041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810276
Č. Žlebič, L. Zivanov, N. Blaz, M. Damnjanović
The development of adjustable magnetic inductors is a trend in modern electronics. The tunability of these components is very important, because it allows the setting of optimum performance of electronic circuit. In this paper, research focus is on the ferrite inductor, made of ESL 40011 LTCC tape, which is DC current tunable. Four ferrite cores were sintered at different peak temperatures (1200 °C, 1100 °C, 1000 °C and 850 °C). Based on experimental results, a model of change in inductance of each ferrite inductor made for different values of frequency (100 kHz and 1 MHz)and DC current intensity (0–500 mA)is presented. Model of inductance change for each inductor is fitted using polynomial of 4th order.
{"title":"Tuning the Inductance of Magnetic Inductor with DC Current","authors":"Č. Žlebič, L. Zivanov, N. Blaz, M. Damnjanović","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810276","url":null,"abstract":"The development of adjustable magnetic inductors is a trend in modern electronics. The tunability of these components is very important, because it allows the setting of optimum performance of electronic circuit. In this paper, research focus is on the ferrite inductor, made of ESL 40011 LTCC tape, which is DC current tunable. Four ferrite cores were sintered at different peak temperatures (1200 °C, 1100 °C, 1000 °C and 850 °C). Based on experimental results, a model of change in inductance of each ferrite inductor made for different values of frequency (100 kHz and 1 MHz)and DC current intensity (0–500 mA)is presented. Model of inductance change for each inductor is fitted using polynomial of 4th order.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83130798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810226
Martin Pavec, J. Navrátil, R. Soukup, Vaclav Smitka, A. Hamácek
This paper presents research focused on the development of a flexible fully printed IoT antenna for a drone-deployed autonomous sensor unit optimized for IoT applications. Aerosol Jet® was chosen as manufacturing technology. DuPont™ Kapton® HN 500 polyimide foil was used as a substrate. Conductive silver nanoparticle ink Clariant Prelect TPS50 was used for printing the antenna. Antennas were prepared with the different number of printed layers. A demonstrator with the fully printed flexible antenna was fabricated by Aerosol Jet printing technology and tested.
{"title":"Fully Printed IoT Antenna for Drone-Deployed Autonomous Sensor Unit","authors":"Martin Pavec, J. Navrátil, R. Soukup, Vaclav Smitka, A. Hamácek","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810226","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents research focused on the development of a flexible fully printed IoT antenna for a drone-deployed autonomous sensor unit optimized for IoT applications. Aerosol Jet® was chosen as manufacturing technology. DuPont™ Kapton® HN 500 polyimide foil was used as a substrate. Conductive silver nanoparticle ink Clariant Prelect TPS50 was used for printing the antenna. Antennas were prepared with the different number of printed layers. A demonstrator with the fully printed flexible antenna was fabricated by Aerosol Jet printing technology and tested.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810281
V. Videkov, V. Tsenev
This report presents a new method for soldering of heat-sensitive elements. The main path to solving this issue is the use of lower temperature soldering pastes, corresponding reflow temperature profiles and shorter soldering times. However, when the rest of the scheme does not require this, or a standard reflow profile is required, the sensitive components are also manually installed. The essence of the presented method is to use additional heat screens placed over the sensitive components. The screens can be placed either manually or by machine. The screens themselves are analogous to surface mounting elements and can be of different heat mass. Experimental results of temperature profile change using thermal screens are presented.
{"title":"Soldering of Sensitive Components by Screen Method and Surface Mounting","authors":"V. Videkov, V. Tsenev","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810281","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a new method for soldering of heat-sensitive elements. The main path to solving this issue is the use of lower temperature soldering pastes, corresponding reflow temperature profiles and shorter soldering times. However, when the rest of the scheme does not require this, or a standard reflow profile is required, the sensitive components are also manually installed. The essence of the presented method is to use additional heat screens placed over the sensitive components. The screens can be placed either manually or by machine. The screens themselves are analogous to surface mounting elements and can be of different heat mass. Experimental results of temperature profile change using thermal screens are presented.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84954778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810224
E. Horynová, I. Pelikánová
Thin film layers are used in a wide range of fields (microchips, solar cells, etc.)because of the high dependency of their properties on the thickness of the layer. It is important to know how to achieve different thickness and quality of the layers by changing conditions of deposition. Samples of oxide thin film layers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Two different materials were used - aluminum oxide and zinc oxide. Effect of different conditions (time and power of plasma)during the deposition was observed. The samples were evaluated from a few different points of view. Firstly, the thickness and capacity of each layer were measured. Thickness was also calculated from capacity and then compared to measured values. As expected, thickness increased with increasing time of deposition and with the increasing power of plasma during the deposition. Detail images of the layers were captured by an optical microscope and these images were processed in order to measure grain size. Average grain size was increasing with higher power during the deposition.
{"title":"Evaluation of Oxide Thin Film Layers Prepared by Sputtering","authors":"E. Horynová, I. Pelikánová","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810224","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film layers are used in a wide range of fields (microchips, solar cells, etc.)because of the high dependency of their properties on the thickness of the layer. It is important to know how to achieve different thickness and quality of the layers by changing conditions of deposition. Samples of oxide thin film layers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Two different materials were used - aluminum oxide and zinc oxide. Effect of different conditions (time and power of plasma)during the deposition was observed. The samples were evaluated from a few different points of view. Firstly, the thickness and capacity of each layer were measured. Thickness was also calculated from capacity and then compared to measured values. As expected, thickness increased with increasing time of deposition and with the increasing power of plasma during the deposition. Detail images of the layers were captured by an optical microscope and these images were processed in order to measure grain size. Average grain size was increasing with higher power during the deposition.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"300 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75025480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810253
Gergana Vacheva, N. Hinov, V. Dimitrov
Recently, in the modern society the usage of electric vehicles is significantly growing. This has led to the necessity for studying of the bidirectional converters for optimal control of energy flows in electric vehicles. In the current paper a model of a DC/DC bidirectional converter for electric vehicles applications is developed for educational purposes.
{"title":"Modelling of DC/DC Bidirectional Converter for Electric Vehicles Application","authors":"Gergana Vacheva, N. Hinov, V. Dimitrov","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2019.8810253","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, in the modern society the usage of electric vehicles is significantly growing. This has led to the necessity for studying of the bidirectional converters for optimal control of energy flows in electric vehicles. In the current paper a model of a DC/DC bidirectional converter for electric vehicles applications is developed for educational purposes.","PeriodicalId":6674,"journal":{"name":"2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84561231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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