Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society最新文献

Glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), arginine (Arg) and ascorbic acid (AA) play an important role in the body’s protein anabolism, promoting tissue healing, improving disease resistance, as well as promoting bone growth, improving malnutrition, antioxidant and so on. Therefore, rapid detection of Glu, Asp, Arg and AA is of great significance. 2-methoxy-4-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (Probe A) was synthesized with deep eutectic solvent as catalyst under mild conditions. The Probe A was applied to the detection of Glu, Asp, Arg and AA, and the results showed that Probe A could well identify Glu, Asp, Arg and AA. Glu, Arg and AA are well recognized at pH = 6–12. Asp is well recognized at pH = 7–12. The binding ratios between Probe A and Glu, Asp, Arg, AA were 2:3, 2:3, 1:2 and 2:3, respectively. The association constants were 9.59 × 10³ M⁻¹, 7.34 × 10³ M⁻¹, 4.46 × 10⁴ M⁻¹, 1.69 × 10⁴ M⁻¹, respectively. The detection limits were 3.33 × 10^–5 M, 1.62 × 10^–5 M, 2.22 × 10^–4 M, and 1.69 × 10^–5 M, respectively. The probe solution quickly became colorless after adding Glu, Asp and AA, and orange-red after adding Arg. The identification mechanism of Probe A with Glu, Asp, Arg and AA was obtained by infrared titration and nuclear magnetic titration. This method provides an important way for rapid detection of Glu, Asp, Arg and AA.

Guanoxabenz is one of the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, with a Ki of 4000 nM and the fully activated form 40 nM for the α2 adrenoceptor. Guanoxabenz is a metabolite of guanabenz. Guanoxabenz (1-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene-amino)-3-hydroxyguanidinea) and guanabenz (1- (2,6 dichlorobenzylidene-amino)-3-guanidine) are both known as centrally active antihypertensive drugs. In this study, the Guanoxabenz’s tautomers stabilities, geometries data, HOMO & LUMO orbitals (shapes and energy levels), ΔΕ_HOMO-LUMO gaps, Mulliken charges, dipole moments, the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities in H₂O media as an important biological solvent and the selected media (vacuum, Et-OH, DMSO and CH₂Cl₂) were studied for the tautomers of Guanoxabenz. Also, the equilibrium constant was applied to investigate the interconversion equilibrium between the different tautomers of Guanoxabenz (GO1, GO2, GO3cis and GO3trans) in the discussed media. We have also investigated the modeling of the oxidation of guanobenz to guanoxabenz in the presence of CYP 450 by DFT-B3LYP/6-31G* method. The two pathways for guanabenz oxidation (N-oxidation and H-abstraction) were also modeled in this study.

The synthesis and characterization of a series of Tb(III) complexes with 6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehyde (L) and ancillary ligands bathophenanthroline, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2’-bipyridine are presented. Extensive spectral analyses, including FTIR, UV–visible, and photoluminescence studies, confirmed the coordination between the Tb(III) ions and the ligands. All complexes exhibited intense green luminescence, characterized by sharp emission at 546 nm (⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅). Among the complexes, the [Tb(L)₃.Bipy] complex showed the highest quantum yield (61.71%) and the longest luminescence decay lifetime (0.634 ms), highlighting the importance of optimized ancillary ligands in suppressing non-radiative decay pathways. The complexes also displayed semiconducting optical band gaps (2.57–2.71 eV) and high refractive indices (2.11–2.14), further supporting their potential for optoelectronic applications. Thermal analysis indicated enhanced stability, while chromaticity measurements demonstrated excellent color purity, establishing these complexes as promising candidates for advanced photonic devices and green light-emitting technologies.

The current approach uses benzyl halides instead of benzaldehydes as key reagents because trimethylamine N-oxide is a safe and efficient oxidizing reagent to synthesize imidazo[1,2-a] pyrimidine analogues from different benzyl halides in one pot. Trimethylamine N-oxide generated in situ by the reaction of trimethylamine and hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the three-component reaction with benzyl halide, 2-aminobenzimidazole/2-aminobenzthiazole, and phenyl acetylene to yield imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogues.

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Water conservation and wastewater treatment have emerged as a worldwide challenge. Excessive concentrations of organic dyes in water can damage both humans and aquatic life. One of the most used azo dye, Congo red (CR), needs specific attention because of its high persistence in aquatic environments and potential for damage. This work aims to eradicate Congo red dye from wastewater utilizing a soluble polymer anion exchange membrane, i.e., ethylene glycol-functionalized benzyl dimethyl tetradecyl ammonium bromide (EG-BDTAB). The membrane’s structural, functional, and thermal properties were estimated using SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The thermal data were analyzed using the Coats Redfern technique to calculate the kinetic triplet: activation energy (E_a), g(α) function, and frequency factor (A). The experimental parameters (including the effect of solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration, on the elimination of CR dye by the utilization of an (EG-BDTAB) membrane in batch adsorption mode) were optimized through the response surface methodology that further helped to assess the inter-parameter interdependence and the maximal uptake capacity (q_e). Several kinetic models, including the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, liquid film diffusion, Bangham, Elovich, and Freundlich models, were employed on the experimental data. The adsorption of CR on the EG-BDTAB membrane closely matched the pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.992). The adsorption of CR onto the (EG-BDTAB) was studied by using both linear and nonlinear isotherms models. The membrane was tested for its recyclability, and it showed a negligible loss in efficiency for three consecutive cycles.

Inorganic and organic contaminants in water body cause enough harm to the living systems with varying degree. Proper addressing the issue with sustainable solutions is on the prime focus. Various groups in last decade have contributed significantly with diversified class of materials using multi-faceted techniques. This review examines and compares the significant research works that have enhanced the field of wastewater treatment. Recent additions of smart phytomagnetic bio-composites are also introduced. Relative adsorption efficiencies in working condition have been mentioned. Agricultural and synthetic adsorbents have been critically assessed to rank their suitability in small and large scale usage. The pros and cons of various techniques have been outlined. Future perspective is also mentioned.

In this study, a solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (SA-DSPE) method followed by a gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was applied for the extraction and determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various real samples. N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen), as a sorbent, was simply synthesized and characterized. Under the optimal conditions (solution pH: 6.0, amount of sorbent: 0.5%, disperser solvent type: acetonitrile, disperser solvent volume: 500 µL, and centrifugation condition: 3743 g for 3 min), preconcentration factors and extraction recoveries for PAHs were obtained ranging from 140 to 183 and 70 to 92%, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges were from 2.0 to 200.0 ng mL⁻¹ with the regression coefficients (R²) exceeding 0.99, limits of detection from 0.6 to 0.9 ng mL⁻¹, and the repeatability values (RSD%) ≤ 8.4% (n = 5). The proposed method can be effectively applied for extracting and determining PAHs in both food and environmental samples.

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This study focuses on the design and synthesis of a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst using fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a sustainable support material. This approach addresses the challenges associated with the difficult catalyst separation and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles. The core–shell support, named Fe₃O₄@CQD@Si(CH₂)₃NH@CC@Ad, was developed to load a maximum amount of acid groups (–SO₃H) onto the support. The core is composed of magnetic Fe₃O₄, while the outer shell is composed of functionalized CQDs. The synthesized catalyst was characterized to confirm its structure and properties. The efficiency of this nanocatalyst was then evaluated in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano pyridines and 4,4′-(aryl methylene) bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s derivatives using a multi-component reaction (MCR). Reactions conducted with the magnetic nanocatalyst under optimized conditions resulted in reasonable yields within a short duration. The authors suggest that the high immobilization of the –SO₃H groups on the Fe₃O₄@CQD@Si(CH₂)₃NH@CC@Ad support was favored by the aggregation of the –NH groups. This aggregation promoted the catalytic efficiency and activity of the catalyst by increasing the availability of acidic active sites. The overall results indicate that the designed catalyst maintains a relatively high level of efficiency even after several cycles of use. This robustness and the sustained catalytic activity highlight the catalyst’s potential for practical applications in various industrial processes.

Graphic Abstract

Pyridine, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole are known for their wide range of biological properties such as anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-tubercular activities. It is evident that Click reactions have evolved as one of the most powerful tools to deduce such types of heterocyclic moieties. In this study, a library of pyridine-linked 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized through a multi-step process. This involved the propargylation of 5-(2-arylaminopyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones, followed by a Click reaction, to produce 2-(3-arylaminopyridin-3-yl)-5-[{(1-(aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl}thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR, LC–MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR techniques. The electron donor properties of the derivatives were validated using a quantum chemical approach. The in vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated against A549 (lung), HepG2 (liver), and PC-3 (prostate) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, where compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, and 4k demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. Clonogenic and wound healing assays revealed that compounds 4c and 4f effectively inhibited colony formation and cell migration in a time-dependent manner. In addition, compounds 4e and 4c exhibited notable antidiabetic potential by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with IC₅₀ values of 46.53 ± 0.56, 49.31 ± 0.83 µg/mL and 32.54 ± 0.89, 33.13 ± 1.02 µg/mL, respectively, surpassing the activity of the standard drug acarbose. Molecular docking studies were conducted against the EGFR kinase domain (PDB ID: 1XKK), revealing favorable binding interactions for the active compounds, thereby supporting their potential mechanism of action at the molecular level. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic promise of pyridine-linked oxadiazole-triazole hybrids as multifunctional agents with anticancer and antidiabetic activities.

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