Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society最新文献

Based on the 3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (H₂L) ligand, two novel cobalt(II)-based coordination polymers, {[Co(L)(H₂O)]·H₂O}ₙ (CP1) and [Co₃(L)₂(H₂O)₄Cl₂]ₙ (CP2), were successfully synthesized via solvothermal methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that CP1 features a two-dimensional layered structure extending into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework via interlayer hydrogen bonding, while CP2 adopts a one-dimensional chain motif that further assembles into a 3D network through hydrogen-bonding interactions. Fluorescence sensing studies demonstrated that CP1 exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe³⁺ ions, with a Stern–Volmer constant (K_SV) of 4.23 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ and a good linear response (R² = 0.9924), along with strong anti-interference ability and fluorescence reversibility. In contrast, CP2 functions as a highly effective fluorescent probe for tetracycline (TC), showing a notable quenching response and a K_SV of 2.27 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ (R² = 0.9983), with minimal cross-reactivity to other antibiotics. Both materials exhibited excellent reusability across multiple sensing cycles, highlighting their potential as robust luminescent sensors for environmental and pharmaceutical residue detection.

This study aims to understand the structure-property relationships of curcumin (CUR) and its metabolites at the molecular level, which is the foundation for effectively utilizing their medicinal value. To investigate their structure-property relationships, we employed a combination of spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations, along with computer software to predict the drug-likeness of the compounds. Statistical validation confirmed consistency between theoretical and experimental bond lengths/angles for CUR and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). The metabolites of curcumin undergo double bond cleavage and carbonyl reduction, leading to high-frequency shifts in the infrared spectra of the phenolic hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring. Ultraviolet spectra displayed two strong peaks at 150–250 nm, with CUR, CUT, CUG, and CUS showing prominent 300–400 nm absorption from HOMO→LUMO transitions (>85% contribution). Activity analysis ranked CUS/CUT/CUG as highly reactive, contrasting with stable HHC/OHC. Pharmacokinetically, considering the balance between efficacy and safety, THC/HHC/OHC demonstrate superior relative parameters.These findings underscore how specific structural alterations—such as hydroxylation and conjugation—govern key electronic properties, chemical reactivity, and bioavailability, thereby offering crucial insights for the rational design of optimized curcumin-based therapeutics.

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Water-soluble vitamins in nutraceutical powder formulations are highly prone to degradation during processing and storage, yet Their stability is inadequately monitored by existing analytical methods. To address this critical gap, High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was employed as a novel, reliable technique to accurately track vitamin loss and enhance quality assurance in nutraceutical products. A High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography technique was employed to evaluate and quantify Thiamine in both nutraceutical tablet and syrup formulations. Throughout the optimization stage of the procedure, TLC Silica gel 60 F254 plates were identified as a suitable stationary phase, while a uniform solution comprising Ethanol: Acetic acid: Chloroform: Liquor ammonia: Water (5.5:2.5:4.5:2:1 v/v/v/v/v) was utilised as mobile phase. The thiamine displayed a prominent peak at a wavelength of 254 nm, which was the specific wavelength at which the analysis was conducted. The method’s validation conformed to the standards set forth by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). The correlation coefficient was ascertained to be 0.9957, with the percentage relative standard deviation (% RSD) fluctuating between 0.3014 and 0.8511%, thereby indicating satisfactory precision. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 8.82 µg and 29.41 µg per band, respectively. The proficient quantitative evaluation of thiamine across diverse nutraceutical formulations highlighted the effectiveness of the validated method for quality control, which also demonstrates greater environmental sustainability than alternative analytical approaches, as it necessitates minimal usage of solvents and reagents.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) serves as an eco-friendly intermediate in environmental applications and is crucial in biochemical metabolism in humans. However, the overproduction and accumulation of excessive H₂O₂ can be detrimental to the human body, leading to significant cellular damage. Consequently, the CdS/NiS immobilized reduced graphene oxide (CdS/NiS/rGO) nanozyme was synthesized to facilitate the oxidation of 3, 3, 5, 5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into a blue-colored product (TMBox) in the presence of H₂O₂. From the experimental findings, an effective and economical colorimetric approach for the detection of H₂O₂ has been developed. This method demonstrated a sensitive response to H₂O₂ concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mM with linear range from 0.1 to 10 mM, exhibiting good recovery (95.33-103.33%) in real sample analysis, with lowest limit of H₂O₂ detected at 0.1 mM. CdS/NiS/rGO nanozyme is found reusable up to four cycles without significantly diminishing the activity, shows good storage stability till three weeks, and selective to H₂O₂. This study offers a practical method for environmental monitoring, biosensing, and additional applications.

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A strategy for enhancing organic chemical reactions was investigated using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). A DES system comprising caprolactam and sorbitol in a 3:1 molar ratio was developed and successfully applied to Suzuki coupling reactions. Under optimized conditions (100 °C, 25 min reaction time, 0.14 g/mol PdP₄ catalyst loading), the coupling of 12 bromoarenes with 7 phenylboronic acids was achieved, yielding products with > 71% conversion in all cases. Notably, the DES-catalyst system demonstrated the excellent recyclability, maintaining > 91% yield over five consecutive cycles. Through quantum chemical calculations, the hydrogen-bonding network within the DES and its coordination mechanism with PdCl₂ were elucidated. Comparative analysis revealed a 9.6-fold acceleration in reaction rate and an 80% reduction in catalyst consumption compared to the conventional methods. These findings established a green and efficient synthetic methodology for Suzuki coupling reactions, demonstrating significant potential for industrial-scale applications.

Hydrazine, a volatile organic compound (VOC) widely used in various industries, has been found to have irreparable and severe effects on the human body. Therefore, identification and detection of hydrazine as one of the human carcinogens effect is an important topic. Herein, we prepared a simple, sensitive, low-cost and repeatable paper sensor based on metal organic framework (MOF). Copper (II) benzene-1,3,5- tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) due to having high density of copper (II) ions and have the ability to coordinate with small molecules, is immobilized directly on conventional A4 paper through immersion in a suitable solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize paper sensor. The result showed Cu-BTC sensor has great affinity to hydrazine than the other VOCs groups such as alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Parameters such as pH, time and temperature are optimized, because these parameters impact sensor performance. The proposed method could significantly classify different amine species with high accuracy (error rate = 0.00) in a simple and fast method. The calibration curve showed good linearity range from 20 to 1000 mg L^− 1 with limit of detection 7.2 ± 0.2 mg L^− 1 for hydrazine. Finally, it was successfully applied to the determination of hydrazine in municipal wastewater.

The organic-inorganic hybrid material [ZnCl₂(HAEP)]₂[ZnCl₄] (AEP = 1-piperazineethanamine) was synthesized by reacting ZnCl₂ with N-aminoethyl-piperazine in an EtOH/HCl solution. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed its salt-like structure, featuring two distinct Zn(II) complexes with tetrahedral coordination geometries. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed intermolecular hydrogen bonds and short contacts, stabilizing the crystal packing. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the electronic structure, reactivity, and stability of the compound, showing excellent agreement with experimental data. Spectroscopic studies, including FT-IR and UV-vis, further characterized the material, assigning vibrational modes and charge-transfer transitions. Molecular docking studies evaluated the compound’s potential as an inhibitor against microbial targets: Aspergillus fumigatus (N-myristoyl transferase, PDB: 4QBJ), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (polyketide synthase 13-thioesterase, PDB: 7VJT), and human coronavirus (spike glycoprotein, PDB: 6OHW). While the binding affinities confirmed by the Rerank scores − 90.0227 kcal/mol (7VJT) and − 58.7396 kcal/mol (6OHW) were outstanding in inhibiting the target proteins with significant conventional hydrogen interactions, suggesting its potential for further optimization as a therapeutic exploration. This work highlights the structural and electronic properties of [ZnCl₂(HAEP)]₂[ZnCl₄] and its promise as a multifunctional hybrid material for biomedical applications.

A computational study investigating the interaction between norepinephrine (NE) and various atmospheric gases (O₂, PF₃, H₂S, CO₂, C₂H₄, and H₂O) was conducted using M06-2X density functional theory with the 6–311 +  + G(d,p) basis set. The research highlighted a significant interaction with water, evidenced by a substantial stabilization energy of -8.93 kcal/mol for the NE-H₂O(B) compound. Although oxygen exhibited the highest stabilization energy among the gases at -8.29 kcal/mol, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis underscored the critical roles of interactions between NE and oxygen, as well as within the NE-H₂O complex, in shaping overall interaction energies. Furthermore, Atoms in Molecules (AIM) calculations confirmed the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions within the complexes examined. UV–Vis spectral analysis identified the NE-H₂O complex, in both gas and aqueous phases, across two distinct structures, as possessing the longest absorption wavelength, ranging from 185 to 188 nm. Electron localization function (ELF) electron density maps corroborated the interactions between the NE-H₂O and NE-O₂ compounds. These findings offer crucial insights into the non-covalent interactions between norepinephrine and prevalent atmospheric gases, thereby emphasizing the potential influence of environmental elements on the behavior and function of neurotransmitters.

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In this study, molecular hybridization strategy was applied to design, synthesize a new series of quinazoline-4-one derivatives (E1–E8) as potential EGFR-targeting anticancer agents. The synthetic approach involved nucleophilic substitution reactions yielding high-purity compounds, characterized using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines revealed compound E8 as the most active derivative, exhibiting moderate antiproliferative activity (IC₅₀ = 53.65 µM and 42.55 µM, respectively), highlighting the significance of 3-chlorobenzyl substitution on phenyl ring. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong interactions with key EGFR residues, including Lys721 and Phe699, while DFT calculations provided insights into electronic properties and stability profiles. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity analyses suggested favorable absorption and membrane permeability, albeit with some concerns regarding mutagenicity and HERG channel inhibition. Overall, these findings suggest that the newly synthesized quinazoline derivatives, particularly E8, represent promising scaffolds for further development as potentially EGFR-targeted anticancer agents, though additional studies on non-cancerous cells are needed to evaluate selectivity and safety.