Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508081
M. Boscardin, F. Ficorella, S. Ronchin, S. Ferrari, R. Mendicino, A. Lai, M. Meschini, Md. Arif Abdulla Samy, G. Betta
We are developing a new generation of 3D pixel sensors, based on columnar electrodes and trenched electrodes, and aimed at the upgrades of the major detector experiments at the High Luminosity LHC. These 3D sensors have small pixel size with downscaled geometries, and their layout is much denser than in previous devices, that is a challenge for lithography equipment. Mask aligners are not favored to be used in these conditions, so we have started to use stepper lithography, which yields a much smaller minimum feature size and higher alignment accuracy. We report on the initial results obtained from the first stepper batches, which confirm the feasibility of advanced 3D sensors with a good fabrication yield.
{"title":"Development of Advanced Silicon 3D Sensors at FBK Using Stepper Lithography","authors":"M. Boscardin, F. Ficorella, S. Ronchin, S. Ferrari, R. Mendicino, A. Lai, M. Meschini, Md. Arif Abdulla Samy, G. Betta","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508081","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a new generation of 3D pixel sensors, based on columnar electrodes and trenched electrodes, and aimed at the upgrades of the major detector experiments at the High Luminosity LHC. These 3D sensors have small pixel size with downscaled geometries, and their layout is much denser than in previous devices, that is a challenge for lithography equipment. Mask aligners are not favored to be used in these conditions, so we have started to use stepper lithography, which yields a much smaller minimum feature size and higher alignment accuracy. We report on the initial results obtained from the first stepper batches, which confirm the feasibility of advanced 3D sensors with a good fabrication yield.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89686900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507749
E. Albuquerque, R. Bugalho, V. Dubceac, L. Ferramacho, H. França, M. Firlej, T. Fiutowski, M. Gallinaro, M. Idzik, J. Moroń, T. Niknejad, L. Oliveira, R. Francisco, J. C. Silva, R. Silva, M. Silveira, K. Swientek, J. Varela
The CMS Detector will be upgraded for the HL-LHC to include a MIP Timing Detector (MTD). The MTD will consist of barrel and endcap timing layers, BTL and ETL respectively, providing precision timing of charged particles. The BTL sensors are based on LYSO:Ce scintillation crystals coupled to SiPMs with TOFHIR2 ASICs for the front-end readout. A resolution of 30–40 ps for MIP signals at a rate of 2.5 Mhit/s per channel is expected at the beginning of HL-LHC operation. We present an overview of the TOFHIR2 requirements and design, simulation results and the first measurements with TOFHIR2A silicon samples.
{"title":"TOFHIR2: The readout ASIC of the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector","authors":"E. Albuquerque, R. Bugalho, V. Dubceac, L. Ferramacho, H. França, M. Firlej, T. Fiutowski, M. Gallinaro, M. Idzik, J. Moroń, T. Niknejad, L. Oliveira, R. Francisco, J. C. Silva, R. Silva, M. Silveira, K. Swientek, J. Varela","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507749","url":null,"abstract":"The CMS Detector will be upgraded for the HL-LHC to include a MIP Timing Detector (MTD). The MTD will consist of barrel and endcap timing layers, BTL and ETL respectively, providing precision timing of charged particles. The BTL sensors are based on LYSO:Ce scintillation crystals coupled to SiPMs with TOFHIR2 ASICs for the front-end readout. A resolution of 30–40 ps for MIP signals at a rate of 2.5 Mhit/s per channel is expected at the beginning of HL-LHC operation. We present an overview of the TOFHIR2 requirements and design, simulation results and the first measurements with TOFHIR2A silicon samples.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"22 21 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90333091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508098
W. Steinberger, N. Giha, P. Marleau, S. Clarke, S. Pozzi
This work details an optimization process for incorporating inorganic scintillators into a stilbene-based handheld dual particle imager (H2DPI). A prototype H2DPI composed of eight stilbene pillars with dimensions of 6 x 6 x 50.5 mm3 coupled to silicon photomultipliers has been built and is capable of imaging both neutrons and gamma rays emitted by special nuclear material. Gamma-ray imaging with the prototype was performed using an approximate Compton imaging method due to lack of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in stilbene. Incorporation of inorganic scintillators significantly increases the probability of photoelectric absorption, allowing for Compton imaging. Simulations were made for several geometries where the placement of CeBr3 scintillators was varied to analyze how the system geometry impacts the image quality of simulated measurements. These were compared to a step function using a structural similarity index to determine which system geometry produced the optimal images. It was found that placing the CeBr3 scintillators in the corners of the system produced the best gamma-ray images while maintaining high neutron double-scatter efficiency.
{"title":"Optimizing the Position of Inorganic Scintillators in a Handheld Dual Particle Imager","authors":"W. Steinberger, N. Giha, P. Marleau, S. Clarke, S. Pozzi","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508098","url":null,"abstract":"This work details an optimization process for incorporating inorganic scintillators into a stilbene-based handheld dual particle imager (H2DPI). A prototype H2DPI composed of eight stilbene pillars with dimensions of 6 x 6 x 50.5 mm3 coupled to silicon photomultipliers has been built and is capable of imaging both neutrons and gamma rays emitted by special nuclear material. Gamma-ray imaging with the prototype was performed using an approximate Compton imaging method due to lack of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in stilbene. Incorporation of inorganic scintillators significantly increases the probability of photoelectric absorption, allowing for Compton imaging. Simulations were made for several geometries where the placement of CeBr3 scintillators was varied to analyze how the system geometry impacts the image quality of simulated measurements. These were compared to a step function using a structural similarity index to determine which system geometry produced the optimal images. It was found that placing the CeBr3 scintillators in the corners of the system produced the best gamma-ray images while maintaining high neutron double-scatter efficiency.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"221 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76642720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507766
P. Kandlakunta, L. Pan, L. Cao, M. Van Zile, Xuezeng Dai, Jinsong Huang, J. McClory
In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of applying solar photovoltaic (PV) panels as sensors of nuclear and electromagnetic radiation that includes neutrons, x-rays and gamma-rays, and optical radiation emanating from a nuclear explosion. We investigated the steady-state and transient response of both a commercial silicon (Si) and a perovskite solar cell to different radiation types. Solar cell current-voltage characteristics and short-circuit current (Isc) response under steady-state x-ray illumination were measured. The fast transient radiation pulse from a nuclear detonation was mimicked by using a fast switching, nanosecond pulsed laser source and the transient response of the solar cells was captured on an oscilloscope. Subsequently, the transient response of Si solar cells to pulsed x-rays generated by a mechanical x-ray chopper was measured. A 2 MeV neutron beam chopper was built at the fast neutron beam facility of a research reactor to produce time-modulated neutrons and evaluate the solar cell transient response to a neutron pulse. Our steady-state measurements demonstrated good response of solar cells to x-rays and neutrons. The pulsed radiation measurements indicated that the solar cells are able to detect a fast transient radiation and produce a proportional measurable output signature.
{"title":"Solar Photovoltaic Devices as Radiation Sensors for Post-detonation Nuclear Forensics","authors":"P. Kandlakunta, L. Pan, L. Cao, M. Van Zile, Xuezeng Dai, Jinsong Huang, J. McClory","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507766","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of applying solar photovoltaic (PV) panels as sensors of nuclear and electromagnetic radiation that includes neutrons, x-rays and gamma-rays, and optical radiation emanating from a nuclear explosion. We investigated the steady-state and transient response of both a commercial silicon (Si) and a perovskite solar cell to different radiation types. Solar cell current-voltage characteristics and short-circuit current (Isc) response under steady-state x-ray illumination were measured. The fast transient radiation pulse from a nuclear detonation was mimicked by using a fast switching, nanosecond pulsed laser source and the transient response of the solar cells was captured on an oscilloscope. Subsequently, the transient response of Si solar cells to pulsed x-rays generated by a mechanical x-ray chopper was measured. A 2 MeV neutron beam chopper was built at the fast neutron beam facility of a research reactor to produce time-modulated neutrons and evaluate the solar cell transient response to a neutron pulse. Our steady-state measurements demonstrated good response of solar cells to x-rays and neutrons. The pulsed radiation measurements indicated that the solar cells are able to detect a fast transient radiation and produce a proportional measurable output signature.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76936041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507751
K. Murata, K. Ogawa
The aim of this study is to reveal an influence of pulse pile-up effects on material decomposition with a photon-counting CT system. The photon-counting CT has great advantages compared with a conventional system. Among them we focused on the ability of a material decomposition. However, a photon-counting CT system also has many issues to be solved. The most serious problem is a pulse pile-up effect. When multiple X-ray photons are simultaneously incident on a detector, the recorded spectrum is distorted. It should significantly degrade the material decomposition accuracy. Hence, we investigated influence of the pile-up effect on material decomposition, and feasibility of a spectral distortion-correction method. Using an analytical pile-up model, we performed simulations and found that accuracy of material-density measurements decreased with increasing X-ray intensity. We also found that spectral distortion could not be negligible even in case of impractically low x-ray intensity for an accurate density measurement of low concentration solution, suggesting a requirement of spectral distortion correction. Hence, we provided a correction method based on a least square method. In a simulation, our method successfully corrected the spectral distortion even in case of wide energy windows. The remained uncertainty was less than a few percent for a moderate X-ray intensity.
{"title":"Influence of pulse pile-up effects on material decomposition with photon-counting CT","authors":"K. Murata, K. Ogawa","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507751","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to reveal an influence of pulse pile-up effects on material decomposition with a photon-counting CT system. The photon-counting CT has great advantages compared with a conventional system. Among them we focused on the ability of a material decomposition. However, a photon-counting CT system also has many issues to be solved. The most serious problem is a pulse pile-up effect. When multiple X-ray photons are simultaneously incident on a detector, the recorded spectrum is distorted. It should significantly degrade the material decomposition accuracy. Hence, we investigated influence of the pile-up effect on material decomposition, and feasibility of a spectral distortion-correction method. Using an analytical pile-up model, we performed simulations and found that accuracy of material-density measurements decreased with increasing X-ray intensity. We also found that spectral distortion could not be negligible even in case of impractically low x-ray intensity for an accurate density measurement of low concentration solution, suggesting a requirement of spectral distortion correction. Hence, we provided a correction method based on a least square method. In a simulation, our method successfully corrected the spectral distortion even in case of wide energy windows. The remained uncertainty was less than a few percent for a moderate X-ray intensity.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78211155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507943
A. Boebel, H. Ceslik, Helmut Colbow, M. Dam, S. Díez, I. Gregor, P. Göttlicher, J. Keaveney, Joash Nicholas Naidoo, M. N. van der Merwe, J. Oechsle, S. Schmitt, M. Stanitzki, R. Ström, C. Wanotayaroj, J. Wyngaard
The main building blocks of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Strip Detector, to be installed for the High-Luminosity Upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), are modules that host sensors and front-end ASICs. Carbon-fibre substructures provide mechanical support to up to 14 modules per side. An End-of-Substructure (EoS) card on each substructure side connects up to 28 differential data lines at 640 Mbit/s from the module to low-powered GigaBit Transceivers (lpGBT) ASICs for data serialisation and uses 10 GBit/s optical links to transmit signals to the off-detector systems via the Versatile Link PLUS (VL+) transceiver module, VTRx+. Prototype EoS cards have been designed and extensively tested using lpGBT and VTRx+ prototypes. The status of the electronics design and recent results of tests of electrical and data processing performance based on these prototypes are presented.
用于大型强子对撞机(HL-LHC)高亮度升级的ATLAS内部跟踪器(ITk)条形探测器的主要组成部分是承载传感器和前端asic的模块。碳纤维子结构为每侧最多14个模块提供机械支撑。每个子结构侧的EoS (end - substructure)卡以640mbit /s的速率将28条差分数据线从模块连接到低功耗千兆收发器(lpGBT) asic，用于数据序列化，并使用10gbit /s光链路将信号通过VL+ (Versatile Link PLUS)收发模块VTRx+传输到检测器外系统。原型EoS卡已经设计并使用lpGBT和VTRx+原型进行了广泛测试。介绍了基于这些样机的电子设计现状以及最近的电气性能和数据处理性能测试结果。
{"title":"Recent Results from the First lpGBT-based Prototype of the End-of-Substructure Card for the ATLAS ITk Strip Detector","authors":"A. Boebel, H. Ceslik, Helmut Colbow, M. Dam, S. Díez, I. Gregor, P. Göttlicher, J. Keaveney, Joash Nicholas Naidoo, M. N. van der Merwe, J. Oechsle, S. Schmitt, M. Stanitzki, R. Ström, C. Wanotayaroj, J. Wyngaard","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507943","url":null,"abstract":"The main building blocks of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Strip Detector, to be installed for the High-Luminosity Upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), are modules that host sensors and front-end ASICs. Carbon-fibre substructures provide mechanical support to up to 14 modules per side. An End-of-Substructure (EoS) card on each substructure side connects up to 28 differential data lines at 640 Mbit/s from the module to low-powered GigaBit Transceivers (lpGBT) ASICs for data serialisation and uses 10 GBit/s optical links to transmit signals to the off-detector systems via the Versatile Link PLUS (VL+) transceiver module, VTRx+. Prototype EoS cards have been designed and extensively tested using lpGBT and VTRx+ prototypes. The status of the electronics design and recent results of tests of electrical and data processing performance based on these prototypes are presented.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75391749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0157.V1
F. Gramuglia, S. Frasca, E. Ripiccini, E. Venialgo, V. Gâté, H. Kadiri, N. Descharmes, D. Turover, E. Charbon, C. Bruschini
In several applications which rely on the use of ionizing radiation, scintillators play an important role in the detection chain. An efficient extraction and detection of the generated light is mandatory to provide sufficient information on the high energy particles interacting with the crystal itself. The amount of light extracted, as well as its temporal distribution, have a direct impact on the overall system performance. In positron emission tomography (PET), energy resolution and coincidence resolving time are two of the main parameters, which both depend on the amount of detected light. Furthermore, if pixelated crystals with sub-millimiter pitch are needed, such as in preclinical PET scanners, the use of conventional reflectors on the crystal pixel surface implies a dramatic reduction of the packing fraction, due to their thickness. In this work several light extraction techniques for the most used inorganic scintillators are presented and compared. A novel approach, using a combination of distributed Bragg reflectors, metal coatings, and photonic crystals, is also introduced. A maximum gain of ~40% on light extraction and ~18% on energy resolution was observed.
{"title":"Light Extraction Enhancement Techniques for Inorganic Scintillators","authors":"F. Gramuglia, S. Frasca, E. Ripiccini, E. Venialgo, V. Gâté, H. Kadiri, N. Descharmes, D. Turover, E. Charbon, C. Bruschini","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0157.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0157.V1","url":null,"abstract":"In several applications which rely on the use of ionizing radiation, scintillators play an important role in the detection chain. An efficient extraction and detection of the generated light is mandatory to provide sufficient information on the high energy particles interacting with the crystal itself. The amount of light extracted, as well as its temporal distribution, have a direct impact on the overall system performance. In positron emission tomography (PET), energy resolution and coincidence resolving time are two of the main parameters, which both depend on the amount of detected light. Furthermore, if pixelated crystals with sub-millimiter pitch are needed, such as in preclinical PET scanners, the use of conventional reflectors on the crystal pixel surface implies a dramatic reduction of the packing fraction, due to their thickness. In this work several light extraction techniques for the most used inorganic scintillators are presented and compared. A novel approach, using a combination of distributed Bragg reflectors, metal coatings, and photonic crystals, is also introduced. A maximum gain of ~40% on light extraction and ~18% on energy resolution was observed.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77859350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508103
Redha-alla Abdo, Chang-Shu Wang, É. Lavallée, F. Lessard, M. Bentourkia
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with 11C-Acetate (ACE) is regularly used in cardiovascular and in cancer imaging. In the earlier stages of ACE developments, it has been mainly used for hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and myocardial oxygen consumption. The previous studies compared the advantage of ACE with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) imaging using Standard Uptake Value (SUV) and the tissue-to-blood ratio (TBR) method. The current study proposes the application of dynamic ACE PET imaging in monitoring the early response to cancer treatment. We conducted two dynamic ACE PET scans on two patients suffering from Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in the base of the tongue. Pre-treatment dynamic ACE and static 18F-FDG PET were conducted before initiation of the treatment, and the second ACE dynamic scan was performed after four weeks of radiotherapy (after 35 Gy). We applied the two-tissue compartment model to represent the kinetics of ACE in HNC. The results showed a reduction in tumor volume by more than 50% compared to the initial volume in patient-1. Besides, patient-2 has displayed a more reduced tumor volume after 4 weeks of treatment. Compartmental modeling parameter k2 increased after radiotherapy dose in both patients. This increase of k2 could reflect the reoxygenation process inside the tumor, and it can reflect the early treatment response. In conclusion, ACE could predict the early changes in the tumor perfusion and the oxidative metabolism to optimally adjust the treatment.
{"title":"The Role of Dynamic 11C-Acetate PET imaging in Early Detection of Response to Radiotherapy Treatment","authors":"Redha-alla Abdo, Chang-Shu Wang, É. Lavallée, F. Lessard, M. Bentourkia","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508103","url":null,"abstract":"Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with 11C-Acetate (ACE) is regularly used in cardiovascular and in cancer imaging. In the earlier stages of ACE developments, it has been mainly used for hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and myocardial oxygen consumption. The previous studies compared the advantage of ACE with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) imaging using Standard Uptake Value (SUV) and the tissue-to-blood ratio (TBR) method. The current study proposes the application of dynamic ACE PET imaging in monitoring the early response to cancer treatment. We conducted two dynamic ACE PET scans on two patients suffering from Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in the base of the tongue. Pre-treatment dynamic ACE and static 18F-FDG PET were conducted before initiation of the treatment, and the second ACE dynamic scan was performed after four weeks of radiotherapy (after 35 Gy). We applied the two-tissue compartment model to represent the kinetics of ACE in HNC. The results showed a reduction in tumor volume by more than 50% compared to the initial volume in patient-1. Besides, patient-2 has displayed a more reduced tumor volume after 4 weeks of treatment. Compartmental modeling parameter k2 increased after radiotherapy dose in both patients. This increase of k2 could reflect the reoxygenation process inside the tumor, and it can reflect the early treatment response. In conclusion, ACE could predict the early changes in the tumor perfusion and the oxidative metabolism to optimally adjust the treatment.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74781254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507893
I. Mostafanezhad, L. Macchiarulo, G. Varner, B. Rotter, D. Uehara, C. Chock
Based on the requirements for compactness, low power, high timing resolution, and robustness to pile-ups for modern particle imaging based identification detectors, a new multi-channel waveform digitizer, the ASoC (Analog to digital converter System on a Chip), has been designed and fabricated. Measurements of analog and digital performance of the revisions 2 and 3 of the asic will be reported.
{"title":"Measurement results for the ASoC V3: A High Performance Waveform Digitizer System-on-Chip","authors":"I. Mostafanezhad, L. Macchiarulo, G. Varner, B. Rotter, D. Uehara, C. Chock","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507893","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the requirements for compactness, low power, high timing resolution, and robustness to pile-ups for modern particle imaging based identification detectors, a new multi-channel waveform digitizer, the ASoC (Analog to digital converter System on a Chip), has been designed and fabricated. Measurements of analog and digital performance of the revisions 2 and 3 of the asic will be reported.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74407563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508021
Wei Fang, Dufan Wu, Kyungsang Kim, Ramandeep Singh, M. Kalra, Liang Li, Quanzheng Li
Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) can provide material decomposition capability, which can be useful for many clinical diagnosis applications. But the decomposed images can be very noisy due to the dose limit in the scanning and the ill-condition of decomposition process. Recently Noise2Noise framework shows its potential on restoring images by using only noisy data. Inspired by this, we proposed an iterative DECT reconstruction algorithm with a Noise2Noise prior. The algorithm directly estimates material images from projection data and thus can significantly reduce possible bias which may occur in other post-smoothen methods. The Noise2Noise prior was built by a deep neural network, which did NOT need external data for training. The data fidelity term and the Noise2Noise network are alternatively optimized respectively using separable quadratic surrogate (SQS) and Adam algorithm. The method was validated both on simulation data and real clinical data. Quantitative analysis demonstrates the method's promising performance on denoising, bias avoiding and detail reservation.
{"title":"Direct Dual Energy CT Material Decomposition Using Noise2Noise Prior","authors":"Wei Fang, Dufan Wu, Kyungsang Kim, Ramandeep Singh, M. Kalra, Liang Li, Quanzheng Li","doi":"10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508021","url":null,"abstract":"Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) can provide material decomposition capability, which can be useful for many clinical diagnosis applications. But the decomposed images can be very noisy due to the dose limit in the scanning and the ill-condition of decomposition process. Recently Noise2Noise framework shows its potential on restoring images by using only noisy data. Inspired by this, we proposed an iterative DECT reconstruction algorithm with a Noise2Noise prior. The algorithm directly estimates material images from projection data and thus can significantly reduce possible bias which may occur in other post-smoothen methods. The Noise2Noise prior was built by a deep neural network, which did NOT need external data for training. The data fidelity term and the Noise2Noise network are alternatively optimized respectively using separable quadratic surrogate (SQS) and Adam algorithm. The method was validated both on simulation data and real clinical data. Quantitative analysis demonstrates the method's promising performance on denoising, bias avoiding and detail reservation.","PeriodicalId":6760,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84198230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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