Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639750
Nishta Arora, A. Naik
We report an ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membrane-based temperature sensor with sensitivity in the sub-Kelvin range. The resonant frequency of ultrathin MoS2 resonators is extremely sensitive to the intrinsic strain of the membrane. We utilize the resonant frequency shift caused due to change in strain to demonstrate the potential of these devices for ultrasensitive temperature sensing. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of the MoS2 drum resonator is estimated to be −283 ppm/K. We also report the first study on the frequency stability of MoS2 resonators at room temperature. The Allan deviation of these resonators is ~5 × 10−5 at an integration time of 1 second. This study estimates the ultimate temperature detection limit of MoS2 membrane-based device.
{"title":"Molybdenum Disulfide Membrane-based Ultrasensitive Temperature Sensor","authors":"Nishta Arora, A. Naik","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639750","url":null,"abstract":"We report an ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membrane-based temperature sensor with sensitivity in the sub-Kelvin range. The resonant frequency of ultrathin MoS2 resonators is extremely sensitive to the intrinsic strain of the membrane. We utilize the resonant frequency shift caused due to change in strain to demonstrate the potential of these devices for ultrasensitive temperature sensing. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of the MoS2 drum resonator is estimated to be −283 ppm/K. We also report the first study on the frequency stability of MoS2 resonators at room temperature. The Allan deviation of these resonators is ~5 × 10−5 at an integration time of 1 second. This study estimates the ultimate temperature detection limit of MoS2 membrane-based device.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"117 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80996637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639604
T. Comyn, P. Cowin, T. Stevenson
Most piezoelectric sensors are based on PZT and have been for many years. PZT and all conventional piezoelectric materials are weak, and prone to fracture. In addition, PZT is not able to withstand high temperatures. High temperature materials are available, but these are also extremely fragile and have low piezoelectric coefficients, in particular, the shear mode sensitivity. We report here on a new class of piezoelectric materials, the Ionix HPZ family, far stronger than PZT, which allows engineers to use them in a high shock environment, at significantly higher temperatures, in both thickness and shear mode. These materials have excellent compatibility with other engineering materials in sensor manufacture, such as steel and titanium.
{"title":"High strength piezoelectric materials for extreme environments","authors":"T. Comyn, P. Cowin, T. Stevenson","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639604","url":null,"abstract":"Most piezoelectric sensors are based on PZT and have been for many years. PZT and all conventional piezoelectric materials are weak, and prone to fracture. In addition, PZT is not able to withstand high temperatures. High temperature materials are available, but these are also extremely fragile and have low piezoelectric coefficients, in particular, the shear mode sensitivity. We report here on a new class of piezoelectric materials, the Ionix HPZ family, far stronger than PZT, which allows engineers to use them in a high shock environment, at significantly higher temperatures, in both thickness and shear mode. These materials have excellent compatibility with other engineering materials in sensor manufacture, such as steel and titanium.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82996290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639688
Shenwei Yin, M. Tursunniyaz, Jingyi Huang, J. Andrews
Printing electronics has been identified as a key manufacturing scheme for enabling low-cost, high-volume sensors. These printed sensors can allow for data acquisition within industries transitioning to data-informed decision-making. One such industry is agriculture, where soil data can inform decisions to increase crop yield while protecting the environment. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, dual-printed multi-functional soil sensor that can detect nitrate levels in saturated soil while also quantifying the moisture level. The nitrate sensor utilizes an electrochemical approach and can detect nitrate values from 5 to 400 mg/L within a saturated silt loam soil. The moisture sensor uses capacitance proximity sensing to measure the moisture of the soil based on changes in the dielectric permittivity and was able to measure moisture in sandy soil ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 m3/m3. The dual-printed sensor is expected to allow for quantifiable nitrate leaching when placed in a distributed manner through multiple direct nitrate and moisture measurements.
{"title":"Dual-Printed Soil Sensors for Nitrate and Moisture Monitoring","authors":"Shenwei Yin, M. Tursunniyaz, Jingyi Huang, J. Andrews","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639688","url":null,"abstract":"Printing electronics has been identified as a key manufacturing scheme for enabling low-cost, high-volume sensors. These printed sensors can allow for data acquisition within industries transitioning to data-informed decision-making. One such industry is agriculture, where soil data can inform decisions to increase crop yield while protecting the environment. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, dual-printed multi-functional soil sensor that can detect nitrate levels in saturated soil while also quantifying the moisture level. The nitrate sensor utilizes an electrochemical approach and can detect nitrate values from 5 to 400 mg/L within a saturated silt loam soil. The moisture sensor uses capacitance proximity sensing to measure the moisture of the soil based on changes in the dielectric permittivity and was able to measure moisture in sandy soil ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 m3/m3. The dual-printed sensor is expected to allow for quantifiable nitrate leaching when placed in a distributed manner through multiple direct nitrate and moisture measurements.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78192567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639620
Han Ge, Shuang Song, Jiaole Wang, M. Q. Meng
Permanent magnet-based localization can provide a wireless and low-cost solution for tracking surgical instruments in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). To meet the requirement of simultaneously tracking of multiple surgical instruments in clinical application scenarios, we propose a probabilistic filtering approach to realize multi-magnet positioning. The tracking system includes a magnetic sensor array and magnetic targets. Random walk model has been used to formulate the system equation, and the measurement equation is established with the magnetic dipole model. Based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm, the nonlinear problem can be solved by estimating the positions and orientations of multiple magnets. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by both static and dynamic experiments. The results show that the filtering-based multi-target magnetic tracking algorithm enables low-latency tracking with reasonable accuracy.
{"title":"Multi-Magnet Tracking Method using Extended Kalman Filter*","authors":"Han Ge, Shuang Song, Jiaole Wang, M. Q. Meng","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639620","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnet-based localization can provide a wireless and low-cost solution for tracking surgical instruments in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). To meet the requirement of simultaneously tracking of multiple surgical instruments in clinical application scenarios, we propose a probabilistic filtering approach to realize multi-magnet positioning. The tracking system includes a magnetic sensor array and magnetic targets. Random walk model has been used to formulate the system equation, and the measurement equation is established with the magnetic dipole model. Based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm, the nonlinear problem can be solved by estimating the positions and orientations of multiple magnets. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by both static and dynamic experiments. The results show that the filtering-based multi-target magnetic tracking algorithm enables low-latency tracking with reasonable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"99 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77210632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639820
Md. Iktiham Bin Taher, Y. Halfaya, R. Alrammouz, M. Lazerges, A. Randi, T. Moudakir, N. Sama, Thomas Guermont, Nicolas Pelissier, T. Pichler, M. Piedevache, J. Pironon, S. Gautier
Gas sensors based on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with indium tin oxide (ITO) gates as functional layers were fabricated to detect hydrogen gas. Several sensing metrics such as the changes in current, sensitivity, and response time confirmed the dependence of the sensing response on the gas concentration.
{"title":"High electron mobility transistor-based hydrogen sensor using ITO as a sensing layer","authors":"Md. Iktiham Bin Taher, Y. Halfaya, R. Alrammouz, M. Lazerges, A. Randi, T. Moudakir, N. Sama, Thomas Guermont, Nicolas Pelissier, T. Pichler, M. Piedevache, J. Pironon, S. Gautier","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639820","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensors based on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with indium tin oxide (ITO) gates as functional layers were fabricated to detect hydrogen gas. Several sensing metrics such as the changes in current, sensitivity, and response time confirmed the dependence of the sensing response on the gas concentration.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78984369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639470
M. Butta, Alexander Valeriano Inchausti, M. Dressler, M. Janošek
For long time amorphous microwires with (Co94Fe6)72.5Si12.5B15 composition have been extensively used for magnetic sensors, such as fluxgates but also magnetoimpedance, due to their vanishing magnetostriction. In fluxgate sensors we want to minimize the magnetostriction because it couples any mechanical stress (for instance due to thermal expansion) to the magnetic characteristic of the wire making the noise of the fluxgate sensor rise. In this paper we compared two magnetic wires, one with slightly negative and one with slightly positive magnetostriction in their as cast state and we anneal them measuring then how the magnetostriction and the noise evolves as we increase the annealing time.
{"title":"Orthogonal fluxgate sensor noise depends on annealing-induced magnetostriction of the core","authors":"M. Butta, Alexander Valeriano Inchausti, M. Dressler, M. Janošek","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639470","url":null,"abstract":"For long time amorphous microwires with (Co94Fe6)72.5Si12.5B15 composition have been extensively used for magnetic sensors, such as fluxgates but also magnetoimpedance, due to their vanishing magnetostriction. In fluxgate sensors we want to minimize the magnetostriction because it couples any mechanical stress (for instance due to thermal expansion) to the magnetic characteristic of the wire making the noise of the fluxgate sensor rise. In this paper we compared two magnetic wires, one with slightly negative and one with slightly positive magnetostriction in their as cast state and we anneal them measuring then how the magnetostriction and the noise evolves as we increase the annealing time.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87103650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639835
F. Pennec, Ludovic Le Roy, C. Perrin-Pellegrino, M. Bendahan, S. Bernardini
This work aims to compare two deposition methods to highlight the strong influence of the induced morphology on the sensitive film conductivity. Lanthanum oxycarbonate films have been deposited by drop coating and screen printing for carbon dioxide detection. The measurements are based on a change in resistance and provide sensitive responses to carbon dioxide concentrations in a humid environment maintained at 50%. Electrical measurements were made under 5 000 ppm of carbon dioxide in synthetic air. Our results highlighted the close link between the morphology of the sensitive layers and the electrical responses of the sensors, and therefore the need to master the deposition technique.
{"title":"Influence of Lanthanum Oxycarbonate Deposition on Carbon Dioxide Detection","authors":"F. Pennec, Ludovic Le Roy, C. Perrin-Pellegrino, M. Bendahan, S. Bernardini","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639835","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to compare two deposition methods to highlight the strong influence of the induced morphology on the sensitive film conductivity. Lanthanum oxycarbonate films have been deposited by drop coating and screen printing for carbon dioxide detection. The measurements are based on a change in resistance and provide sensitive responses to carbon dioxide concentrations in a humid environment maintained at 50%. Electrical measurements were made under 5 000 ppm of carbon dioxide in synthetic air. Our results highlighted the close link between the morphology of the sensitive layers and the electrical responses of the sensors, and therefore the need to master the deposition technique.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our previous work, MEMS tactile sensor using microcantilevers embedded in the elastomer has been developed. The gripping control of a soft object and the data acquisition which reflected the texture of the object surface have been carried out using this sensor. However, improvement of its sensitivity for more precise control or texture information is an important issue. In this work, cantilever size and strain-gauge arrangement in the sensor are newly designed for sensitivity improvement. As a result of fabrication based on the new design, it is demonstrated that a drastic sensitivity improvement is achieved. Furthermore, it is found that the sensitivity depends on the size of the cantilever.
{"title":"Sensitivity Enhancement of MEMS Tactile Sensor by Redesign of Microcantilever and Strain Gauge","authors":"Ren Kaneta, Takumi Hasegawa, Takashi Abe, Masayuki Sohgawa","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639799","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous work, MEMS tactile sensor using microcantilevers embedded in the elastomer has been developed. The gripping control of a soft object and the data acquisition which reflected the texture of the object surface have been carried out using this sensor. However, improvement of its sensitivity for more precise control or texture information is an important issue. In this work, cantilever size and strain-gauge arrangement in the sensor are newly designed for sensitivity improvement. As a result of fabrication based on the new design, it is demonstrated that a drastic sensitivity improvement is achieved. Furthermore, it is found that the sensitivity depends on the size of the cantilever.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87599729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639806
Adam Schuhknecht, Evan Fadanelli, Mohit Patel, A. Hanson, D. Maddipatla, M. Atashbar
A novel electroencephalography (EEG) sensor was developed for monitoring and recording the electrical activity of the brain. A sensing electrode were developed by 3D printing Formlabs 80A flexible resin and coated with silver epoxy as well as a silver spray paint to make the electrodes conductive. The conductivity of the sensors was measured at 7.70 E+03 S/m. The electrodes are flexible and conformable enough to be worn on the head for extended periods of time without causing strain to the user. The current sensing electrodes in the market are stiff and cause headaches after extended periods of testing. The 3D printed sensing electrodes generated similar signal quality when compared to commercial electrodes while providing a far higher level of comfort.
{"title":"Development of a Flexible and Conformable EEG Sensors Using 3D Printing Process","authors":"Adam Schuhknecht, Evan Fadanelli, Mohit Patel, A. Hanson, D. Maddipatla, M. Atashbar","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639806","url":null,"abstract":"A novel electroencephalography (EEG) sensor was developed for monitoring and recording the electrical activity of the brain. A sensing electrode were developed by 3D printing Formlabs 80A flexible resin and coated with silver epoxy as well as a silver spray paint to make the electrodes conductive. The conductivity of the sensors was measured at 7.70 E+03 S/m. The electrodes are flexible and conformable enough to be worn on the head for extended periods of time without causing strain to the user. The current sensing electrodes in the market are stiff and cause headaches after extended periods of testing. The 3D printed sensing electrodes generated similar signal quality when compared to commercial electrodes while providing a far higher level of comfort.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88049259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639773
Nidhi Gupta, S. Dhanekar, S. Chattopadhyay, Shradha Suman Panda, Harpal Singh
This paper shows the capability of the nanostructured silicon as sensitive ELISA substrates. Crystalline silicon was etched to make porous silicon and all the samples were functionalized so as to get GAR (Goat anti- rabbit) IgG antibody and RAG (Rabbit anti-goat) IgG analytes and they further get attached to the substrates. The optical density was measured after completion of ELISA tests. Simultaneously the pictures of the ELISA wells were captured using a phone camera and these were processed using image processing techniques. It was observed that the RGB index was in sync with the optical density. Maximum OD and RGB index were found from salinized porous silicon substrates. This work is being extended to capture the cancer antigens by using antibody - antigen reactions and ELISA for point of care diagnostics.
{"title":"An approach towards development of point of care diagnostics using ELISA","authors":"Nidhi Gupta, S. Dhanekar, S. Chattopadhyay, Shradha Suman Panda, Harpal Singh","doi":"10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639773","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the capability of the nanostructured silicon as sensitive ELISA substrates. Crystalline silicon was etched to make porous silicon and all the samples were functionalized so as to get GAR (Goat anti- rabbit) IgG antibody and RAG (Rabbit anti-goat) IgG analytes and they further get attached to the substrates. The optical density was measured after completion of ELISA tests. Simultaneously the pictures of the ELISA wells were captured using a phone camera and these were processed using image processing techniques. It was observed that the RGB index was in sync with the optical density. Maximum OD and RGB index were found from salinized porous silicon substrates. This work is being extended to capture the cancer antigens by using antibody - antigen reactions and ELISA for point of care diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":6775,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Sensors","volume":"139 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86540907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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