Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330943
C. Husar, E. RĂclaru, C. Irimia, M. Grovu, Matthieu Ponchant, J. Jaguemont, A. Bouscayrol, R. German, M. Ruba, C. Martis, G. Sirbu
The automotive industry is shifting to mass production of electrified vehicles. Simulation is a key step for developing these new vehicles. System simulation tools as Simcenter Amesim includes ready-to-use multi-physics libraries in that perspective. A new library is being created based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism to speed-up the battery electric vehicles (BEV) development process. The paper presents the BEV multi-level simulation where the simulations were done using 3 different levels for the battery models. By using “plug & play” method different BEV model configurations can be built in a fast, precise and systematic way.
{"title":"Multi-level simulation of a BEV using EMR methodology","authors":"C. Husar, E. RĂclaru, C. Irimia, M. Grovu, Matthieu Ponchant, J. Jaguemont, A. Bouscayrol, R. German, M. Ruba, C. Martis, G. Sirbu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330943","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is shifting to mass production of electrified vehicles. Simulation is a key step for developing these new vehicles. System simulation tools as Simcenter Amesim includes ready-to-use multi-physics libraries in that perspective. A new library is being created based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism to speed-up the battery electric vehicles (BEV) development process. The paper presents the BEV multi-level simulation where the simulations were done using 3 different levels for the battery models. By using “plug & play” method different BEV model configurations can be built in a fast, precise and systematic way.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86333579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330906
A. Verdicchio, T. Letrouvé, H. Caron
In order not to overload the fixed 1.5 kV DC electrical installations, an automatic device is embedded on trains. This system allows to regulate the tractive effort when the pantograph voltage is less than 1.3 kV. However, this regulation triggers unwanted voltage pantograph fluctuations. This paper focuses on the modelling of voltage fluctuations using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism. A real case is considered to assess the impact on train schedule of this automatic regulation. The implementation of an energy storage system (ESS) is studied to increase the overhead line voltage and to avoid the fluctuation phenomena.
{"title":"Estimation of Software and Hardware solutions to decrease the overload of the 1.5 kV direct current railway network","authors":"A. Verdicchio, T. Letrouvé, H. Caron","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330906","url":null,"abstract":"In order not to overload the fixed 1.5 kV DC electrical installations, an automatic device is embedded on trains. This system allows to regulate the tractive effort when the pantograph voltage is less than 1.3 kV. However, this regulation triggers unwanted voltage pantograph fluctuations. This paper focuses on the modelling of voltage fluctuations using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism. A real case is considered to assess the impact on train schedule of this automatic regulation. The implementation of an energy storage system (ESS) is studied to increase the overhead line voltage and to avoid the fluctuation phenomena.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"126 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88129377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Failure analysis and optimization design is carried out to solve the on-site problem of the fan in auxiliary converter based on the FEA (finite element simulation) and surrogate-model. Firstly, the mechanism of fan failure is analyzed by field vibration test and modal simulation, and the local resonance caused by insufficient stiffness of the installation structure is determined as the cause of the failure. Then, according to the excited modal shape, the retrofit scheme of mounting-net diagonal reinforcement is designed, and the performance of the retrofit scheme is evaluated by using acceleration spectrum response simulation. Furthermore, a surrogate model is established to fit the mapping relationship between the characteristic parameters and the vibration response characteristics of the retrofit scheme, and an objective function is defined to obtain the optimal solution of characteristic parameters of strengthening scheme by taking avoiding resonance, reducing vibration intensity and reducing reconstruction cost into consideration. Finally, the validation test is carried out. The results show that the strengthening scheme can effectively solve the local resonance problem of the fan and improve the service life of the fan.
{"title":"Failure analysis and optimization design of a cooling fan in auxiliary converter","authors":"Peng Xuanlin, Tang Xionghui, Qi zimei, X. Liang, Zeng Yaping","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330837","url":null,"abstract":"Failure analysis and optimization design is carried out to solve the on-site problem of the fan in auxiliary converter based on the FEA (finite element simulation) and surrogate-model. Firstly, the mechanism of fan failure is analyzed by field vibration test and modal simulation, and the local resonance caused by insufficient stiffness of the installation structure is determined as the cause of the failure. Then, according to the excited modal shape, the retrofit scheme of mounting-net diagonal reinforcement is designed, and the performance of the retrofit scheme is evaluated by using acceleration spectrum response simulation. Furthermore, a surrogate model is established to fit the mapping relationship between the characteristic parameters and the vibration response characteristics of the retrofit scheme, and an objective function is defined to obtain the optimal solution of characteristic parameters of strengthening scheme by taking avoiding resonance, reducing vibration intensity and reducing reconstruction cost into consideration. Finally, the validation test is carried out. The results show that the strengthening scheme can effectively solve the local resonance problem of the fan and improve the service life of the fan.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91265697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330860
Baowei Yu, Xizheng Guo, Xucong Bu, Jingjing Wu
In order to ensure the reliable operation of SiC MOSFETs, the short-circuit protection function is critical for the drive board. In this paper, the existing short-circuit protection methods are firstly analyzed and compared, which shows that the desaturation detection method is relatively easy to implement. Secondly, due to the weak short-circuit withstand capability, the traditional desaturation detection circuit is optimized. The parameters selection method and the detection delay time are analyzed in detail. Considering of the temperature sensitivity of drain-source voltage VDS, a temperature compensation desaturation detection circuit is proposed. Finally, the above analysis are verified through simulation and experimental results, which show that the total short-circuit protection time is less than 1 $mu$s.
{"title":"Research on the SiC MOSFETs Short Circuit Detection and Protection optimization Method","authors":"Baowei Yu, Xizheng Guo, Xucong Bu, Jingjing Wu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330860","url":null,"abstract":"In order to ensure the reliable operation of SiC MOSFETs, the short-circuit protection function is critical for the drive board. In this paper, the existing short-circuit protection methods are firstly analyzed and compared, which shows that the desaturation detection method is relatively easy to implement. Secondly, due to the weak short-circuit withstand capability, the traditional desaturation detection circuit is optimized. The parameters selection method and the detection delay time are analyzed in detail. Considering of the temperature sensitivity of drain-source voltage VDS, a temperature compensation desaturation detection circuit is proposed. Finally, the above analysis are verified through simulation and experimental results, which show that the total short-circuit protection time is less than 1 $mu$s.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"133 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89732394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330855
J. A. López-Ibarra, H. Gaztañaga, Y. Todorov, M. Pihlatie
The automotive industry is facing a transformation towards the massive digitalization and data-acquisition of the vehicles operation. The exploitation of operational data opens up new opportunities in the energy efficiency improvement of the vehicles. In this regard, the combination of optimization techniques with neural networks and fuzzy systems in one unified framework, known as learning-based energy management strategies, have been identified as promising methods. These learning-based techniques combine the optimized operation with the IF-THEN human-type reasoning simplicity of a fuzzy system through neural-type of learning. Therefore, fuzzy-neural networks are the bridge that allows to learn offline from the optimal operation and design energy management strategy for real time implementation. In this regard, the main contribution of this paper lies on the comparison of a previously developed ANFIS approach with a simpler Neo-Fuzzy neuron based, with the aim to evaluate the tradeoff between accuracy and computational and structural efficiency. The proposed approach represents a fuzzy-neural structure with less parameters for training that is expected to facilitate its future real time application for energy management strategies for each bus from a fleet operating on a predefined route.
{"title":"Learning Based Energy Management Strategy Offline Trainers Comparison for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses","authors":"J. A. López-Ibarra, H. Gaztañaga, Y. Todorov, M. Pihlatie","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330855","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is facing a transformation towards the massive digitalization and data-acquisition of the vehicles operation. The exploitation of operational data opens up new opportunities in the energy efficiency improvement of the vehicles. In this regard, the combination of optimization techniques with neural networks and fuzzy systems in one unified framework, known as learning-based energy management strategies, have been identified as promising methods. These learning-based techniques combine the optimized operation with the IF-THEN human-type reasoning simplicity of a fuzzy system through neural-type of learning. Therefore, fuzzy-neural networks are the bridge that allows to learn offline from the optimal operation and design energy management strategy for real time implementation. In this regard, the main contribution of this paper lies on the comparison of a previously developed ANFIS approach with a simpler Neo-Fuzzy neuron based, with the aim to evaluate the tradeoff between accuracy and computational and structural efficiency. The proposed approach represents a fuzzy-neural structure with less parameters for training that is expected to facilitate its future real time application for energy management strategies for each bus from a fleet operating on a predefined route.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":" 10","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91415073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330950
Hongbo Li, Chao Zhang, Zihao Huang, Wenguang Luo
In recent years renewable energies are gradually being introduced to cope with issues accompanying with a rapid growth of the urban rail transit, such as tremendous energy consumption, serious carbon emission, limited capacity of the existing traction substations, etc. An energy conscious converter, combining a quasi-z source network based photovoltaic generation system and a high conversion ratio energy storage circuit, is proposed for the metro DC traction grid in this paper. The maximum power traction can be achieved through coordinated control between the LLC converter and quasi-z source network without additional conversion stages. The braking energy of trains can be recycled by the energy storage system besides absorbing the excessive solar energy. Adopting the presented modulation strategy in this paper, the gross voltage of batteries is no higher than one-fourth of the DC traction grid voltage. Therefore, fewer batteries need to be in series, which decreases the premature failure probability of the battery pack caused by the over- or under-charging of unbalanced individual cells.
{"title":"An Energy Conscious PV Generation and Energy Storage Based Converter for Metro DC Traction Grid","authors":"Hongbo Li, Chao Zhang, Zihao Huang, Wenguang Luo","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330950","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years renewable energies are gradually being introduced to cope with issues accompanying with a rapid growth of the urban rail transit, such as tremendous energy consumption, serious carbon emission, limited capacity of the existing traction substations, etc. An energy conscious converter, combining a quasi-z source network based photovoltaic generation system and a high conversion ratio energy storage circuit, is proposed for the metro DC traction grid in this paper. The maximum power traction can be achieved through coordinated control between the LLC converter and quasi-z source network without additional conversion stages. The braking energy of trains can be recycled by the energy storage system besides absorbing the excessive solar energy. Adopting the presented modulation strategy in this paper, the gross voltage of batteries is no higher than one-fourth of the DC traction grid voltage. Therefore, fewer batteries need to be in series, which decreases the premature failure probability of the battery pack caused by the over- or under-charging of unbalanced individual cells.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"504 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91456883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330819
Tapas Peshin, I. Azevedo, Shayak Sengupta
India is the third largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the world after US and China. The transportation sector currently constitutes 18% of total India GHG emissions. Electrifying the current fleet and future transportation could hold the potential to reduce emissions and its associated damages. In this work, we provide a holistic cradle to grave life cycle approach to estimate GHG emissions for representative passenger vehicles driven in Indian states/union territories (UTs). We use publicly available Government of India data and review previously conducted life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for various life cycle stages to present the first state-specific LCA study associated with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Subsequently, we draw policy implications for large-scale electric vehicle implementation in these states/UTs based on the grid mix in the different regions of the country. Our results show that besides the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa and Jharkhand which have higher use phase emissions, life-cycle GHG emissions associated with BEVs are lowest compared to all other conventional and alternative vehicles.
{"title":"Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of alternative and conventional fuel vehicles in India","authors":"Tapas Peshin, I. Azevedo, Shayak Sengupta","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330819","url":null,"abstract":"India is the third largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the world after US and China. The transportation sector currently constitutes 18% of total India GHG emissions. Electrifying the current fleet and future transportation could hold the potential to reduce emissions and its associated damages. In this work, we provide a holistic cradle to grave life cycle approach to estimate GHG emissions for representative passenger vehicles driven in Indian states/union territories (UTs). We use publicly available Government of India data and review previously conducted life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for various life cycle stages to present the first state-specific LCA study associated with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Subsequently, we draw policy implications for large-scale electric vehicle implementation in these states/UTs based on the grid mix in the different regions of the country. Our results show that besides the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa and Jharkhand which have higher use phase emissions, life-cycle GHG emissions associated with BEVs are lowest compared to all other conventional and alternative vehicles.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"29 9","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91489098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330940
Luis M. Alonso, L. Roux, Lionel Taunay, Aurélien Wataré, C. Saudemont, B. Robyns
The railway opening up to competition in Europe is a challenge from the engineering point of view. In energy billing field, this opening asks for a whole new system of energy measurement, as the already installed one is only useful when only one company operates. Even if the European laws impose the installation of energy-meters in new/refurbished rolling-stock since 2015, the chosen configuration doesn’t match the RTE (the French national transmission system operator) defined standards of data reliability. Therefore in this paper, a new procedure for the validation of the data collected by the energy-meter is presented. First the used physical train model is presented, which takes into account the characteristics of the studied train and line. Based on this physical model and different optimization techniques, upper and lower bounds for the total consumption of the train are then defined. These bounds are used to validate the consistency of the data provided by the energy-meters. This data validation technique is tested with real data for a couple of years from a regional passenger train. Finally, a short discussion about the limits of the developed method is presented.
{"title":"Energy-meter data validation in railway via physical models","authors":"Luis M. Alonso, L. Roux, Lionel Taunay, Aurélien Wataré, C. Saudemont, B. Robyns","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330940","url":null,"abstract":"The railway opening up to competition in Europe is a challenge from the engineering point of view. In energy billing field, this opening asks for a whole new system of energy measurement, as the already installed one is only useful when only one company operates. Even if the European laws impose the installation of energy-meters in new/refurbished rolling-stock since 2015, the chosen configuration doesn’t match the RTE (the French national transmission system operator) defined standards of data reliability. Therefore in this paper, a new procedure for the validation of the data collected by the energy-meter is presented. First the used physical train model is presented, which takes into account the characteristics of the studied train and line. Based on this physical model and different optimization techniques, upper and lower bounds for the total consumption of the train are then defined. These bounds are used to validate the consistency of the data provided by the energy-meters. This data validation technique is tested with real data for a couple of years from a regional passenger train. Finally, a short discussion about the limits of the developed method is presented.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89938650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330948
M. Goldammer, J. Kowal
Non-invasive investigation methods of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for online diagnosis and identification of degradation mechanisms and thus enable optimization of the operating conditions and cell materials. In this study, nine large format pouch cells with a nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) cathode were cyclic aged with varying average state of charge (SOC) and charging current. The loss of lithium inventory (LLI) and of active material (LAM) of the anode were identified by evaluating the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the open circuit voltage (OCV). By analyzing the distribution of relaxation times (DRT), the relevant electrochemical processes were identified and their polarization and time constant determined. The parameters of some processes changed unexpectedly during aging, which challenged the assignment of the processes. The analysis of the high-resolution pulse data obtained by the incremental OCV measurement revealed changes in the balancing of the electrodes due to LLI as the reason. Additionally, LLI was indicated as the main aging mechanism and LAM of the cathode was quantified. Finally, it was found that the pulse resistances in certain SOC ranges correlate strongly with the capacity as long as LLI limits the capacity. It was shown that high-resolution pulse data should be considered when evaluating EIS. Furthermore, the pulse resistances provide complementary information about the aging processes and can allow a quick estimation of the capacity. An incremental OCV measurement combined with EIS as non-invasive techniques has therefore proven to be advantageous.
{"title":"Investigation of degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries by incremental open-circuit-voltage characterization and impedance spectra","authors":"M. Goldammer, J. Kowal","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330948","url":null,"abstract":"Non-invasive investigation methods of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for online diagnosis and identification of degradation mechanisms and thus enable optimization of the operating conditions and cell materials. In this study, nine large format pouch cells with a nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) cathode were cyclic aged with varying average state of charge (SOC) and charging current. The loss of lithium inventory (LLI) and of active material (LAM) of the anode were identified by evaluating the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the open circuit voltage (OCV). By analyzing the distribution of relaxation times (DRT), the relevant electrochemical processes were identified and their polarization and time constant determined. The parameters of some processes changed unexpectedly during aging, which challenged the assignment of the processes. The analysis of the high-resolution pulse data obtained by the incremental OCV measurement revealed changes in the balancing of the electrodes due to LLI as the reason. Additionally, LLI was indicated as the main aging mechanism and LAM of the cathode was quantified. Finally, it was found that the pulse resistances in certain SOC ranges correlate strongly with the capacity as long as LLI limits the capacity. It was shown that high-resolution pulse data should be considered when evaluating EIS. Furthermore, the pulse resistances provide complementary information about the aging processes and can allow a quick estimation of the capacity. An incremental OCV measurement combined with EIS as non-invasive techniques has therefore proven to be advantageous.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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