Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330957
F. Verbelen, W. Lhomme, A. Aroua, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sergeant
This paper discusses an innovative method to structure a scalable model of an Electrical Variable Transmission used in system level simulations. The goal of the presented methodology is to use a single system level model to simulate the performance of multiple vehicle classes. To achieve this, the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism is used to structure the equations whereas classical electromagnetic scaling laws are used to obtain scalability of the Electrical Variable Transmission. The method is demonstrated based on a passenger vehicle as well as a truck.
{"title":"Scalable Electrical Variable Transmission model for HEV simulations using Energetic Macroscopic Representation","authors":"F. Verbelen, W. Lhomme, A. Aroua, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sergeant","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330957","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an innovative method to structure a scalable model of an Electrical Variable Transmission used in system level simulations. The goal of the presented methodology is to use a single system level model to simulate the performance of multiple vehicle classes. To achieve this, the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism is used to structure the equations whereas classical electromagnetic scaling laws are used to obtain scalability of the Electrical Variable Transmission. The method is demonstrated based on a passenger vehicle as well as a truck.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76323749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330930
A. Ferrara, C. Hametner
This paper focuses on the energy management of fuel cell/ultracapacitor/battery hybrid vehicles. A robust rule-based strategy is proposed to effectively reduce hydrogen consumption, increase vehicle lifetime, and handle multiple constraints. This strategy won the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2020. The formulation of the control rules is heavily based on the vehicle model and the analysis of the assigned cost function. A stochastic generation of driving scenarios is proposed to deal with the limited information provided by the challenge, guarantying a robust design of the energy management strategy. The results are analyzed on a large set of synthetic driving cycles.
{"title":"Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitor/Battery Vehicles: winner of the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2020","authors":"A. Ferrara, C. Hametner","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330930","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the energy management of fuel cell/ultracapacitor/battery hybrid vehicles. A robust rule-based strategy is proposed to effectively reduce hydrogen consumption, increase vehicle lifetime, and handle multiple constraints. This strategy won the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2020. The formulation of the control rules is heavily based on the vehicle model and the analysis of the assigned cost function. A stochastic generation of driving scenarios is proposed to deal with the limited information provided by the challenge, guarantying a robust design of the energy management strategy. The results are analyzed on a large set of synthetic driving cycles.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88592244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330898
R. Aguirre, A. López-de-Heredia, I. Villar, G. Almandoz
Re-utilizing the same elements of the propulsion unit for the battery fast charging operation, an On-board integrated charger control for an electric bus application has been designed and validated in simulation using a nine-phase Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). Due to the spatial harmonics generated by the FSCW machine, the control strategies proposed in the literature for other on-board integrated chargers cannot achieve torque free operation by cancelling the rotatory magnetic field in the machine. In this paper, a novel torque minimization control (TMC) has been proposed, as an extension of the current controllers established on the literature, to face the spatial harmonics generated by the FSCW machine. The aim of this work is to validate the proposed control algorithm by simulation. In the future, the experimental validation is expected with a prototype that is under construction.
{"title":"On-Board Integrated Battery Charger Using a Nine-Phase FSCW PMSM for an Electric Bus","authors":"R. Aguirre, A. López-de-Heredia, I. Villar, G. Almandoz","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330898","url":null,"abstract":"Re-utilizing the same elements of the propulsion unit for the battery fast charging operation, an On-board integrated charger control for an electric bus application has been designed and validated in simulation using a nine-phase Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). Due to the spatial harmonics generated by the FSCW machine, the control strategies proposed in the literature for other on-board integrated chargers cannot achieve torque free operation by cancelling the rotatory magnetic field in the machine. In this paper, a novel torque minimization control (TMC) has been proposed, as an extension of the current controllers established on the literature, to face the spatial harmonics generated by the FSCW machine. The aim of this work is to validate the proposed control algorithm by simulation. In the future, the experimental validation is expected with a prototype that is under construction.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83996407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330953
Bo Jiang, Haifeng Dai, Wei Jiang, Fenglai Pei
Accurate capacity estimation plays a vital role in lithium-ion battery management. In this paper, an adaptive framework of multi-dimension capacity estimation and fusion for lithium-ion battery is proposed, which can overcome the shortage that the conventional estimation cannot utilize more useful information effectively. Firstly, during the discharging and charging process, two estimation methods, including the state of charge based and incremental capacity analysis based estimation, are employed to acquire the battery capacity, respectively. Then, the error variance of different estimation is analyzed and deduced. An adaptive fusion method based on Kalman filter is proposed, which can combine the two estimates adaptably based on the error variance of estimation. The experimental results indicate the estimation of the proposed fusion method is relatively accurate and robust.
{"title":"A novel framework of multi-dimension capacity estimation and fusion for lithium-ion battery","authors":"Bo Jiang, Haifeng Dai, Wei Jiang, Fenglai Pei","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330953","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate capacity estimation plays a vital role in lithium-ion battery management. In this paper, an adaptive framework of multi-dimension capacity estimation and fusion for lithium-ion battery is proposed, which can overcome the shortage that the conventional estimation cannot utilize more useful information effectively. Firstly, during the discharging and charging process, two estimation methods, including the state of charge based and incremental capacity analysis based estimation, are employed to acquire the battery capacity, respectively. Then, the error variance of different estimation is analyzed and deduced. An adaptive fusion method based on Kalman filter is proposed, which can combine the two estimates adaptably based on the error variance of estimation. The experimental results indicate the estimation of the proposed fusion method is relatively accurate and robust.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82838254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330988
Z. Tian, Nakaret Kano, S. Hillmansen
High-speed train consumes a tremendous amount of energy. The grid power is commonly used as a primary source to energize electrified trains. Most power stations supplied energy to the grid are fossil fuel-based power plants which have a large carbon footprint. Moreover, railway operator spends a fortune to pay the energy bills for buying the energy from the grid and also for carbon emission tax. To alleviate the issues, the use of renewable energy sources and energy storage system integrated to railway power system are presented. The results show a significant cost saving since the requirement of grid power is declined and hence lower carbon tax is charged.
{"title":"Integration of Energy Storage and Renewable Energy Sources into AC Railway System to Reduce Carbon Emission and Energy Cost","authors":"Z. Tian, Nakaret Kano, S. Hillmansen","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330988","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed train consumes a tremendous amount of energy. The grid power is commonly used as a primary source to energize electrified trains. Most power stations supplied energy to the grid are fossil fuel-based power plants which have a large carbon footprint. Moreover, railway operator spends a fortune to pay the energy bills for buying the energy from the grid and also for carbon emission tax. To alleviate the issues, the use of renewable energy sources and energy storage system integrated to railway power system are presented. The results show a significant cost saving since the requirement of grid power is declined and hence lower carbon tax is charged.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330919
A. Serpi, M. Porru
A real-time Energy Management System (EMS) is presented in this paper, which aims at minimizing the operating costs of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) equipped with different energy storage units (fuel cell, supercapacitors, batteries). The proposed EMS manages all HEV operating constraints properly through a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach, which identifies the allowable ranges of each variable based on system modelling and actual HEV operating conditions. The optimization is then carried out by means of suitable look-up tables, which are accessed in accordance with the variable ranges previously computed. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC-based EMS is verified through numerical simulations, which also regard a rule-based EMS for comparison purposes.
{"title":"An MPC-based Energy Management System for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"A. Serpi, M. Porru","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330919","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time Energy Management System (EMS) is presented in this paper, which aims at minimizing the operating costs of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) equipped with different energy storage units (fuel cell, supercapacitors, batteries). The proposed EMS manages all HEV operating constraints properly through a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach, which identifies the allowable ranges of each variable based on system modelling and actual HEV operating conditions. The optimization is then carried out by means of suitable look-up tables, which are accessed in accordance with the variable ranges previously computed. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC-based EMS is verified through numerical simulations, which also regard a rule-based EMS for comparison purposes.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82137905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330996
V. Schreiber, K. Augsburg, V. Ivanov, H. Fujimoto
This Paper contributes to an approach for integrated development, optimization and scientific investigation of coupled systems. The focus here is on real-time networking of test fields with model-based development environments.
{"title":"Novel Developing Environment for Automated and Electrified Vehicles using Remote and Distributed X-in-the-Loop Technique","authors":"V. Schreiber, K. Augsburg, V. Ivanov, H. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330996","url":null,"abstract":"This Paper contributes to an approach for integrated development, optimization and scientific investigation of coupled systems. The focus here is on real-time networking of test fields with model-based development environments.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81452211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330882
M. Baumann, Bert Haj Ali, Christoph Weissinger, H. Herzog
Nowadays, the virtual development of high-dynamic automotive power systems faces major challenges. Automotive power systems exhibit particularly fast-changing dynamics. The load of power electronic supplies highly fluctuates and therefore needs to be considered during virtual pre-conception and system design. This paper introduces an algorithm being able to efficiently replicate dynamics of a phase-shifted full-bridge converter through iteratively calculating diode conducting times and corresponding state-space systems. The proposed converter model includes an additional voltage source representing the dynamics of the converter for different load-dependent deadtime behaviors. The additional voltage is calculated on basis of predicting the leakage current throughout one switching cycle. The algorithm reduces computation time by 91% compared to the switched model.
{"title":"Efficient Small-Signal Algorithm for High Dynamic Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters","authors":"M. Baumann, Bert Haj Ali, Christoph Weissinger, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330882","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the virtual development of high-dynamic automotive power systems faces major challenges. Automotive power systems exhibit particularly fast-changing dynamics. The load of power electronic supplies highly fluctuates and therefore needs to be considered during virtual pre-conception and system design. This paper introduces an algorithm being able to efficiently replicate dynamics of a phase-shifted full-bridge converter through iteratively calculating diode conducting times and corresponding state-space systems. The proposed converter model includes an additional voltage source representing the dynamics of the converter for different load-dependent deadtime behaviors. The additional voltage is calculated on basis of predicting the leakage current throughout one switching cycle. The algorithm reduces computation time by 91% compared to the switched model.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79934776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330922
A. Heckmann, A. Keck, G. Grether
The development of railway running gears with independently rotating wheels is a focus of research within the Next Generation Train project at DLR. The lateral guidance of this type of running gears represents a challenging problem that relies on active control. The paper introduces results on this research regarding observer and control design that are focused and demonstrated on a scaled experimental running gear hardware that was specifically constructed for this purpose. Additionally, the development of the lateral guidance system is supported by simulation and optimization within a Modelica based virtual simulation environment tailored for the modeling of railway vehicle dynamics in multi-domain engineering tasks.
{"title":"Active Guidance of a Railway Running Gear with Independently Rotating Wheels","authors":"A. Heckmann, A. Keck, G. Grether","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330922","url":null,"abstract":"The development of railway running gears with independently rotating wheels is a focus of research within the Next Generation Train project at DLR. The lateral guidance of this type of running gears represents a challenging problem that relies on active control. The paper introduces results on this research regarding observer and control design that are focused and demonstrated on a scaled experimental running gear hardware that was specifically constructed for this purpose. Additionally, the development of the lateral guidance system is supported by simulation and optimization within a Modelica based virtual simulation environment tailored for the modeling of railway vehicle dynamics in multi-domain engineering tasks.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"18 3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83529201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330826
Davide Tebaldi, R. Zanasi
This paper deals with the modeling control and simulation of a series hybrid propulsion system for driving a Wheel Loader by relying upon the Power-Oriented Graphs (POG) modeling technique. The considered propulsion system is composed of the following elements: an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), two controlled PMSMs (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors), a supercapacitor as energy storage device and the transmission system of the vehicle itself from the gearbox all the way down to the vehicle wheels. A strategy for the control of the considered hybrid architecture is studied, with the objective of minimizing the ICE specific fuel consumption. Simulation results showing the operation of the presented strategy are finally reported and commented in detail.
{"title":"Modeling Control and Simulation of a Series Hybrid Propulsion System","authors":"Davide Tebaldi, R. Zanasi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330826","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the modeling control and simulation of a series hybrid propulsion system for driving a Wheel Loader by relying upon the Power-Oriented Graphs (POG) modeling technique. The considered propulsion system is composed of the following elements: an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine), two controlled PMSMs (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors), a supercapacitor as energy storage device and the transmission system of the vehicle itself from the gearbox all the way down to the vehicle wheels. A strategy for the control of the considered hybrid architecture is studied, with the objective of minimizing the ICE specific fuel consumption. Simulation results showing the operation of the presented strategy are finally reported and commented in detail.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89794716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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