Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330939
Lenon Diniz Seixas, Hilkija Gaïus Tosso, F. C. Corrêa, J. Eckert
With the increase in transportation electrification, one of the biggest challenges is to improve battery performance and its autonomy. One promising alternative is the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), composed of a battery associated with supercapacitors (SC). In this work, a fuzzy logic power management control for the HESS is developed aiming to increase the overall system autonomy. When batteries an SC are associated, the power management complexity increases considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the correct power distribution between the storage devices, in order to enhance the system efficiency, by saving the battery of excessive efforts. To reach these objectives, a particle swarm optimization was applied to tune the fuzzy controller in a Matlab simulation system. Finally, the optimized fuzzy controlled HESS was capable to extend the autonomy by 66.67%, as compared to a single battery-powered system, under the same operating conditions.
{"title":"Particle Swarm Optimization of a Fuzzy Controlled Hybrid Energy Storage System - HESS","authors":"Lenon Diniz Seixas, Hilkija Gaïus Tosso, F. C. Corrêa, J. Eckert","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330939","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase in transportation electrification, one of the biggest challenges is to improve battery performance and its autonomy. One promising alternative is the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), composed of a battery associated with supercapacitors (SC). In this work, a fuzzy logic power management control for the HESS is developed aiming to increase the overall system autonomy. When batteries an SC are associated, the power management complexity increases considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the correct power distribution between the storage devices, in order to enhance the system efficiency, by saving the battery of excessive efforts. To reach these objectives, a particle swarm optimization was applied to tune the fuzzy controller in a Matlab simulation system. Finally, the optimized fuzzy controlled HESS was capable to extend the autonomy by 66.67%, as compared to a single battery-powered system, under the same operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81911999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330999
Komal Khan, I. El-Sayed, P. Arboleya
This paper presents a multi-issue bargaining mechanism in order to negotiate simultaneously the price and time-slot for electric vehicles (EVs) charging in congested power distribution networks. Alleviating the need for investments in distribution infrastructure to install EV chargers, an aggregator coordinating EVs provides flexibility to the system and reduces congestion. The proposed negotiation algorithm is based on well known Rubinstein alternating offers which is implemented and tested using a simple case scenario between EV and aggregator. Results achieved validates application of proposed negotiation mechanism for EV charging systems. Moreover, the general detailed description of the protocol as well as the implemented utility functions in this paper could expand its viability for more complex applications.
{"title":"Price and Time-Slot Negotiation Protocol for EVs Charging in Highly Congested Distribution Networks","authors":"Komal Khan, I. El-Sayed, P. Arboleya","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330999","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multi-issue bargaining mechanism in order to negotiate simultaneously the price and time-slot for electric vehicles (EVs) charging in congested power distribution networks. Alleviating the need for investments in distribution infrastructure to install EV chargers, an aggregator coordinating EVs provides flexibility to the system and reduces congestion. The proposed negotiation algorithm is based on well known Rubinstein alternating offers which is implemented and tested using a simple case scenario between EV and aggregator. Results achieved validates application of proposed negotiation mechanism for EV charging systems. Moreover, the general detailed description of the protocol as well as the implemented utility functions in this paper could expand its viability for more complex applications.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84114230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330938
C. Depature, T. Letrouvé
This paper compare the energy performance of several railway traction technologies. After validating the powertrain model of a regional diesel train with experimental measurements, an energy comparison of different green technologies is carried out: hybrid diesel train, battery train and fuel cell train. This initial analysis shows that hybridization, for example, allows energy savings of up to 20% on the nonelectrified track studied, while battery traction alone saves up to 70%. This study is a first step in choosing the use of a green technology, which must be carried out in accordance with a territorial context. The economic aspects, the infrastructure needed and the operating requirements of the railway equipment will have to be integrated in a future study.
{"title":"Innovative Train Technologies Energy Comparison on One Non Electrified Railway","authors":"C. Depature, T. Letrouvé","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330938","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compare the energy performance of several railway traction technologies. After validating the powertrain model of a regional diesel train with experimental measurements, an energy comparison of different green technologies is carried out: hybrid diesel train, battery train and fuel cell train. This initial analysis shows that hybridization, for example, allows energy savings of up to 20% on the nonelectrified track studied, while battery traction alone saves up to 70%. This study is a first step in choosing the use of a green technology, which must be carried out in accordance with a territorial context. The economic aspects, the infrastructure needed and the operating requirements of the railway equipment will have to be integrated in a future study.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85171166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9331000
C. Cheshire, F. Bertele, Tobias Röser, F. Gliese, Achim Vedde, U. Ammann
Torque accuracy of open loop control methods for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) is one of the most important aspects on which the performance of such a control system is assessed. Due to the fact that in field oriented control the rotor position is used to completed the park transformation, the accuracy of the rotor position used in this transformation, in relation to the actual position of the rotor has a significant effect on the performance of the whole control system. This makes this investigation especially relevant for the use of sensorless control for such a control system.
{"title":"An Investigation into Torque Accuracy for a 48V IPMSM under usage of Sensorless Control","authors":"C. Cheshire, F. Bertele, Tobias Röser, F. Gliese, Achim Vedde, U. Ammann","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9331000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9331000","url":null,"abstract":"Torque accuracy of open loop control methods for interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) is one of the most important aspects on which the performance of such a control system is assessed. Due to the fact that in field oriented control the rotor position is used to completed the park transformation, the accuracy of the rotor position used in this transformation, in relation to the actual position of the rotor has a significant effect on the performance of the whole control system. This makes this investigation especially relevant for the use of sensorless control for such a control system.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83841901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330840
Zhihong Zhong, Zhongping Yang, F. Lin, Xiaochun Fang
In order to absorb regenerative braking energy, supercapacitors are widely used in railway. In order to improve the energy storage efficiency, the adjustment of the charge and discharge threshold is important. In this paper, intelligent algorithms and rule-based algorithms are combined. Firstly, charge and discharge threshold curves of wayside and on-board supercapacitor are optimized; then, we analyzed the optimized curves in detail and extracted the rules; finally, based on the extracted rules, a corresponding online optimization strategy for charge and discharge thresholds is proposed. After simulation comparison and verification, the energy storage efficiency of the strategy is very well.
{"title":"Coordinated control of wayside supercapacitor and on-board supercapacitor based on threshold curve optimization in urban rail transit","authors":"Zhihong Zhong, Zhongping Yang, F. Lin, Xiaochun Fang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330840","url":null,"abstract":"In order to absorb regenerative braking energy, supercapacitors are widely used in railway. In order to improve the energy storage efficiency, the adjustment of the charge and discharge threshold is important. In this paper, intelligent algorithms and rule-based algorithms are combined. Firstly, charge and discharge threshold curves of wayside and on-board supercapacitor are optimized; then, we analyzed the optimized curves in detail and extracted the rules; finally, based on the extracted rules, a corresponding online optimization strategy for charge and discharge thresholds is proposed. After simulation comparison and verification, the energy storage efficiency of the strategy is very well.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80514703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330853
Hu Liang, Mei Wenqing, Wen Yuliang, Lv Yongcan, Fu Xiangyu, Jianqiang Yan
this paper studies a PWM control strategy suitable for SiC traction inverter aiming at good running performance of traction motor in full speed range, which combines the asynchronous PWM control and the optimal synchronous PWM control pursuing current harmonic minimum. The comparative study between the proposed strategy and the conventional strategy is conducted by experimental tests in terms of motor current quality, motor loss reduction, motor temperature rise and running noise suppression. The related experimental results have been detailed in this paper, which also confirm the validation of the proposed PWM control strategy.
{"title":"Experimental Study of the PWM Control Strategy For SiC Traction Inverter of Metro Vehicles","authors":"Hu Liang, Mei Wenqing, Wen Yuliang, Lv Yongcan, Fu Xiangyu, Jianqiang Yan","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330853","url":null,"abstract":"this paper studies a PWM control strategy suitable for SiC traction inverter aiming at good running performance of traction motor in full speed range, which combines the asynchronous PWM control and the optimal synchronous PWM control pursuing current harmonic minimum. The comparative study between the proposed strategy and the conventional strategy is conducted by experimental tests in terms of motor current quality, motor loss reduction, motor temperature rise and running noise suppression. The related experimental results have been detailed in this paper, which also confirm the validation of the proposed PWM control strategy.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80950129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330850
Seyedmehdi Hosseininasab, Zhiwen Wan, Tim Bender, Giovanni Vagnoni, Lennart Bauer
An accurate estimation of the battery State of Charge (SoC) is essential for reliable and energy-efficient operation of electric vehicles (EVs). Model-based algorithms have been ubiquitously accepted for SoC estimation due to their promising features. However, challenges remain concerning the elevated modeling precision requirement and appropriate filter parameter selection. This paper presents a novel combined model-based algorithm that instead of the prevailing implementation of the equivalent circuit model (ECM), an offline trained neural network (NN) is configured with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) considering its capability of highly nonlinear battery modeling. Distinct profiles are employed to compare the modeling performances between NN and ECM. Subsequently, the proposed method is further explored with the residual-based adaptive covariance matching algorithm aiming to tune filter parameters dynamically. For comparison, ECM based EKF and UKF, along with the adaptive algorithm are also constructed. Ultimately, the presented filters are assessed and discussed under situations of initial offset, capacity error, and current sensor drift considering shunt thermal effects with real data obtained from WLTP lab results.
{"title":"State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery Based on a Combined Method of Neural Network and Unscented Kalman filter","authors":"Seyedmehdi Hosseininasab, Zhiwen Wan, Tim Bender, Giovanni Vagnoni, Lennart Bauer","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330850","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate estimation of the battery State of Charge (SoC) is essential for reliable and energy-efficient operation of electric vehicles (EVs). Model-based algorithms have been ubiquitously accepted for SoC estimation due to their promising features. However, challenges remain concerning the elevated modeling precision requirement and appropriate filter parameter selection. This paper presents a novel combined model-based algorithm that instead of the prevailing implementation of the equivalent circuit model (ECM), an offline trained neural network (NN) is configured with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) considering its capability of highly nonlinear battery modeling. Distinct profiles are employed to compare the modeling performances between NN and ECM. Subsequently, the proposed method is further explored with the residual-based adaptive covariance matching algorithm aiming to tune filter parameters dynamically. For comparison, ECM based EKF and UKF, along with the adaptive algorithm are also constructed. Ultimately, the presented filters are assessed and discussed under situations of initial offset, capacity error, and current sensor drift considering shunt thermal effects with real data obtained from WLTP lab results.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87967203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330846
F. Van der Linden, E. Pahon, S. Morando, D. Bouquain
The final step in a fuel cell manufacturing process is called its “break-in” or “activation”. Its purpose is to increase and stabilize stack performance and is carried out on an “activation bench” for multiple hours. Activation benches are very expensive. Therefore, to achieve low cost mass production of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the time spent per fuel cell on a test bench needs to be reduced. The focus of this paper is to highlight optimizations that can be applied to the fuel cell manufacturing process to reduce this time. This includes adding, a so called “MEA Pre-Treatment” step to partially break-in a cell, before final stack assembly. Other optimizations include adjusting the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) conditions, reducing the amount of fuel cell membrane additives, or using different products to create catalyst ink. Finally, stack components storage conditions are considered since catalyst poisoning by air pollutants increases break-in time.
{"title":"Optimizing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell manufacturing process to reduce break-in time","authors":"F. Van der Linden, E. Pahon, S. Morando, D. Bouquain","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330846","url":null,"abstract":"The final step in a fuel cell manufacturing process is called its “break-in” or “activation”. Its purpose is to increase and stabilize stack performance and is carried out on an “activation bench” for multiple hours. Activation benches are very expensive. Therefore, to achieve low cost mass production of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the time spent per fuel cell on a test bench needs to be reduced. The focus of this paper is to highlight optimizations that can be applied to the fuel cell manufacturing process to reduce this time. This includes adding, a so called “MEA Pre-Treatment” step to partially break-in a cell, before final stack assembly. Other optimizations include adjusting the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) conditions, reducing the amount of fuel cell membrane additives, or using different products to create catalyst ink. Finally, stack components storage conditions are considered since catalyst poisoning by air pollutants increases break-in time.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88548506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330904
Huihui Dong, Zhang Yanyi, Wang Renguang, Liu Lin, Hou Yongping, Guo Shuaishuai
for improving the fuel cell stack's resistance to mechanical shock, a finite element model was established using ABAQUS, and used to optimally design the mechanical structure of the fuel cell stack from perspectives of bolt packaging and end plate optimizing. According to the analysis results, the packaging torques of the fuel cell stack is within a reasonable limit under the bolt packaging method; the smaller the better. An optimal performance has been gotten with six bolts. And the ratios for the best horizontal position and the best longitudinal distribution are 5mm and 0.5 respectively. Besides, with the thickness of the front end plate being 20mm, the best shock resistance can be obtained, and the weight of the front end plate can also be reduced, which contributing to the lightweight of the fuel cell stack. In comparison with aluminum alloy and stainless steel, the epoxy resin is recommended to be the material of the front end plate, which can provide the best shock resistance and the lightest weight.
{"title":"Optimum Structural Design of Fuel Cell Stacks for Improving the Resistance to Mechanical Shock","authors":"Huihui Dong, Zhang Yanyi, Wang Renguang, Liu Lin, Hou Yongping, Guo Shuaishuai","doi":"10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC49601.2020.9330904","url":null,"abstract":"for improving the fuel cell stack's resistance to mechanical shock, a finite element model was established using ABAQUS, and used to optimally design the mechanical structure of the fuel cell stack from perspectives of bolt packaging and end plate optimizing. According to the analysis results, the packaging torques of the fuel cell stack is within a reasonable limit under the bolt packaging method; the smaller the better. An optimal performance has been gotten with six bolts. And the ratios for the best horizontal position and the best longitudinal distribution are 5mm and 0.5 respectively. Besides, with the thickness of the front end plate being 20mm, the best shock resistance can be obtained, and the weight of the front end plate can also be reduced, which contributing to the lightweight of the fuel cell stack. In comparison with aluminum alloy and stainless steel, the epoxy resin is recommended to be the material of the front end plate, which can provide the best shock resistance and the lightest weight.","PeriodicalId":6851,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88707370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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