Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01699-5
Xi Huang, Liang Zhang, Li-bin Rao, Lei Sun
The microstructure, evolution of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers, and mechanical property changes in Sn58Bi/Cu and Sn58Bi–0.3Co/Cu solder joints were studied during thermal aging at 393 K. During aging, the nucleation rate of the Cu6Sn5 phase was significantly enhanced by introducing Co particles, forming a substitution solid solution (Cu, Co)6Sn5 with a small block-like structure that was freely distributed within the matrix. The IMC layer was transformed from Cu6Sn5 to (Cu, Co)6Sn5, forming a more stable structure that effectively suppressed the Cu3Sn layer growth. During the aging process, the size of (Cu, Co)6Sn5 grains was significantly smaller than Cu6Sn5 grains. Furthermore, gradual growth into prismatic shapes was observed in (Cu, Co)6Sn5 grains, with a relatively wide grain size distribution. The introduction of Co effectively inhibited the expansion of cracks during the aging process, and the probability of fracture occurring at the matrix/IMC interface was significantly reduced. Adding Co increased the shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints within the identical aging period.
Graphical Abstract
在 393 K 的热老化过程中，研究了 Sn58Bi/Cu 和 Sn58Bi-0.3Co/Cu 焊点的微观结构、金属间化合物（IMC）层的演变和机械性能变化。在老化过程中，通过引入 Co 粒子，Cu6Sn5 相的成核率显著提高，形成了具有小块状结构的替代固溶体 (Cu，Co)6Sn5，并在基体中自由分布。IMC 层从 Cu6Sn5 转变为 (Cu，Co)6Sn5，形成了更稳定的结构，有效抑制了 Cu3Sn 层的生长。在老化过程中，（Cu，Co）6Sn5 晶粒的尺寸明显小于 Cu6Sn5 晶粒。此外，（Cu，Co）6Sn5 晶粒逐渐成长为棱柱形状，晶粒尺寸分布相对较宽。在老化过程中，Co 的引入有效抑制了裂纹的扩展，基体/IMC 界面发生断裂的概率显著降低。在相同的老化期内，添加 Co 提高了 Sn58Bi/Cu 焊点的剪切强度。
{"title":"Impact of Co on Thermal Aging in Sn58Bi/Cu Solder Joints: IMC Growth and Transformation in Mechanical Properties","authors":"Xi Huang, Liang Zhang, Li-bin Rao, Lei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01699-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01699-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure, evolution of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers, and mechanical property changes in Sn58Bi/Cu and Sn58Bi–0.3Co/Cu solder joints were studied during thermal aging at 393 K. During aging, the nucleation rate of the Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> phase was significantly enhanced by introducing Co particles, forming a substitution solid solution (Cu, Co)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> with a small block-like structure that was freely distributed within the matrix. The IMC layer was transformed from Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> to (Cu, Co)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub>, forming a more stable structure that effectively suppressed the Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn layer growth. During the aging process, the size of (Cu, Co)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains was significantly smaller than Cu<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains. Furthermore, gradual growth into prismatic shapes was observed in (Cu, Co)<sub>6</sub>Sn<sub>5</sub> grains, with a relatively wide grain size distribution. The introduction of Co effectively inhibited the expansion of cracks during the aging process, and the probability of fracture occurring at the matrix/IMC interface was significantly reduced. Adding Co increased the shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints within the identical aging period.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3127 - 3139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium (Mg) alloy is expected to be the promising medical implant material because of its similar strength and Young’s modulus to human bone, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present study, as-cast Mg-9.1Y-1.8Zn (WZ92) alloy was homogenized first and then hot extruded to regulate its mechanical and corrosion properties. The as-cast alloy composes of α-Mg matrix, Mg24Y5 eutectic phase and interdendritic 18R-long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, in which the continuous block- or rod-like 18R-LPSO phase can act as corrosion barrier to prevent the corrosion penetration. After heat treatment, the precipitation of intragranular fine lamellar 14 H-LPSO phase not only reduces the ductility of the alloy, but also provides channels for corrosion intrusion, thus severe corrosion pits are formed. First-principles calculation reveals that the 14 H-LPSO phase is more likely adsorbed with Cl atom, and chemical bonds are formed in the 14 H-LPSO/Cl interface, which results in the worst corrosion resistance of the homogenized alloy. Further extrusion improves the yield strength and ductility (266.7 MPa and 6.8% respectively) of the alloy significantly through fine-grain strengthening, particle dispersion strengthening and kink band strengthening. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloy is enhanced through the corrosion barrier effect of long strip LPSO phase, stable product film protection as well as the formation of uniform corrosion mode. This study proves that hot extrusion is an effective method to synergistically improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of WZ alloys, which can provide a favorable reference for the preparation of high-performance medical Mg alloys.
{"title":"Synergistic Improvement of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-9.1Y-1.8Zn Alloys by Hot Extrusion","authors":"Xianzheng Lu, Zijian Chen, Xianjun Zou, Jian Zhang, Yu Tu, Xiaojie Zhou, Xiaomin Chen, Chiping Lai, Luenchow Chan, Gang Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01691-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01691-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium (Mg) alloy is expected to be the promising medical implant material because of its similar strength and Young’s modulus to human bone, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present study, as-cast Mg-9.1Y-1.8Zn (WZ92) alloy was homogenized first and then hot extruded to regulate its mechanical and corrosion properties. The as-cast alloy composes of α-Mg matrix, Mg<sub>24</sub>Y<sub>5</sub> eutectic phase and interdendritic 18R-long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, in which the continuous block- or rod-like 18R-LPSO phase can act as corrosion barrier to prevent the corrosion penetration. After heat treatment, the precipitation of intragranular fine lamellar 14 H-LPSO phase not only reduces the ductility of the alloy, but also provides channels for corrosion intrusion, thus severe corrosion pits are formed. First-principles calculation reveals that the 14 H-LPSO phase is more likely adsorbed with Cl atom, and chemical bonds are formed in the 14 H-LPSO/Cl interface, which results in the worst corrosion resistance of the homogenized alloy. Further extrusion improves the yield strength and ductility (266.7 MPa and 6.8% respectively) of the alloy significantly through fine-grain strengthening, particle dispersion strengthening and kink band strengthening. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloy is enhanced through the corrosion barrier effect of long strip LPSO phase, stable product film protection as well as the formation of uniform corrosion mode. This study proves that hot extrusion is an effective method to synergistically improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of WZ alloys, which can provide a favorable reference for the preparation of high-performance medical Mg alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3141 - 3154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01695-9
Min-Seok Baek, Abdul Wahid Shah, Shae K. Kim, Hyun-Kyu Lim, Kee-Ahn Lee
This work investigated the tensile and fatigue strength, fatigue crack propagation rate and corresponding mechanism, and fracture behavior (under the tensile and cyclic loading) of the extruded CaO-AM30 alloy. The microstructure observations shown that the average grain size of AM30 base alloy was 7.8 μm, which decreased to 3.5 μm in the CaO-AM30 alloy. In both alloys, Mg17Al12 and Al6(Mn, Fe) phases were present, and C15 ((Mg, Al)2Ca) phases were additionally present in the CaO-AM30 alloy. Also, the average size of the Mg17Al12 and Al6(Mn, Fe) phases was much smaller in the CaO-AM30 alloy than those in the AM30 alloy. As a result of the smaller grains and fine evenly distributed second phases, CaO-AM30 alloy shown an improved tensile strength along with a 25% increase in the elongation. Accordingly, the CaO-AM30 alloy showed higher fatigue strength (168 MPa) than the AM30 alloy (130 MPa) after ~ 107 number of cycles. Nevertheless, fatigue crack growth test revealed that the CaO-AM30 alloy has a lower threshold ∆Kth value than the AM30 base alloy. Also, the calculated value for m (log slope of da/dN and ∆K) was 13.64 for AM30 alloy, which increased to 14.15 for the CaO-AM30 alloy. The relatively higher crack propagation rate of the CaO-AM30 was most likely related to the presence of larger plastic deformation zone in it than its grain size, causing the suppression of fatigue crack closure mechanism during the unloading half of the cycle. Hence, this study suggested that the fine grains improve the strength and high-cycle fatigue properties of the Mg alloys, but adversely affect the fatigue crack propagation resistance.
{"title":"Tensile and Fatigue Strength, Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate, and Fracture Behavior of CaO-Added AM30 Alloy","authors":"Min-Seok Baek, Abdul Wahid Shah, Shae K. Kim, Hyun-Kyu Lim, Kee-Ahn Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01695-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01695-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigated the tensile and fatigue strength, fatigue crack propagation rate and corresponding mechanism, and fracture behavior (under the tensile and cyclic loading) of the extruded CaO-AM30 alloy. The microstructure observations shown that the average grain size of AM30 base alloy was 7.8 μm, which decreased to 3.5 μm in the CaO-AM30 alloy. In both alloys, Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> and Al6(Mn, Fe) phases were present, and C15 ((Mg, Al)<sub>2</sub>Ca) phases were additionally present in the CaO-AM30 alloy. Also, the average size of the Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> and Al6(Mn, Fe) phases was much smaller in the CaO-AM30 alloy than those in the AM30 alloy. As a result of the smaller grains and fine evenly distributed second phases, CaO-AM30 alloy shown an improved tensile strength along with a 25% increase in the elongation. Accordingly, the CaO-AM30 alloy showed higher fatigue strength (168 MPa) than the AM30 alloy (130 MPa) after ~ 10<sup>7</sup> number of cycles. Nevertheless, fatigue crack growth test revealed that the CaO-AM30 alloy has a lower threshold <i>∆K</i><sub><i>th</i></sub> value than the AM30 base alloy. Also, the calculated value for <i>m</i> (log slope of <i>da/dN</i> and <i>∆K</i>) was 13.64 for AM30 alloy, which increased to 14.15 for the CaO-AM30 alloy. The relatively higher crack propagation rate of the CaO-AM30 was most likely related to the presence of larger plastic deformation zone in it than its grain size, causing the suppression of fatigue crack closure mechanism during the unloading half of the cycle. Hence, this study suggested that the fine grains improve the strength and high-cycle fatigue properties of the Mg alloys, but adversely affect the fatigue crack propagation resistance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3082 - 3093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141059609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01694-w
Caner Bulut, Fatih Yıldız, Temel Varol, Gürkan Kaya, Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder
The structural, tribological, mechanical, corrosion, and other properties of materials produced by laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing methods are significantly affected by production parameters and strategies. Therefore, understanding and controlling the effects of the parameters used in the manufacturing process on the material properties is extremely important for determining optimum production conditions and for saving time and materials. This study aimed to determine the optimal laser parameter values for CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powders using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. The layer thickness was kept constant during experimentation. 5 different laser powers and 10 varying laser scanning speeds were tested, with hatch spacing from 30 to 90%. After determining the optimal laser parameters for SLM, prismatic samples were fabricated in different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°), and subsequently, their structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties were compared. Melt pool morphology could not be obtained at 20—40 and 60W laser powers and at all laser scanning speeds used at these laser powers. At 100 W laser power, 600 mm/s laser scanning speed, and 70% hatch spacing parameters, an ultimate tensile stress of 550 MPa and elongation of 48% were obtained. Among the samples produced in different build orientations, the sample produced with a 0° build orientation exhibited the highest relative density (99.94%), the highest microhardness (201.2 HV0.1), the lowest friction coefficient (0.7025), and the lowest wear and corrosion rates (0.7875 mpy). Additionally, SLM parameters were evaluated to have a significant impact on the performance of all properties of the samples.
{"title":"Effects of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Structural, Mechanical, Tribological and Corrosion Properties of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy","authors":"Caner Bulut, Fatih Yıldız, Temel Varol, Gürkan Kaya, Tevfik Oğuzhan Ergüder","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01694-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01694-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural, tribological, mechanical, corrosion, and other properties of materials produced by laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing methods are significantly affected by production parameters and strategies. Therefore, understanding and controlling the effects of the parameters used in the manufacturing process on the material properties is extremely important for determining optimum production conditions and for saving time and materials. This study aimed to determine the optimal laser parameter values for CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy powders using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. The layer thickness was kept constant during experimentation. 5 different laser powers and 10 varying laser scanning speeds were tested, with hatch spacing from 30 to 90%. After determining the optimal laser parameters for SLM, prismatic samples were fabricated in different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°), and subsequently, their structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties were compared. Melt pool morphology could not be obtained at 20—40 and 60W laser powers and at all laser scanning speeds used at these laser powers. At 100 W laser power, 600 mm/s laser scanning speed, and 70% hatch spacing parameters, an ultimate tensile stress of 550 MPa and elongation of 48% were obtained. Among the samples produced in different build orientations, the sample produced with a 0° build orientation exhibited the highest relative density (99.94%), the highest microhardness (201.2 HV<sub>0.1</sub>), the lowest friction coefficient (0.7025), and the lowest wear and corrosion rates (0.7875 mpy). Additionally, SLM parameters were evaluated to have a significant impact on the performance of all properties of the samples.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"2982 - 3004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12540-024-01694-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates the synthesis and characterisation of the Sb2S3/Sb2O3 composite materials through thermal oxidation at 350 °C with varying heating times. The structural, morphology, and electrical behaviours were characterised using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, PL, and EIS. The phase transformation from stibnite (Sb2S3) to Sb2O3 phases (senarmontite and valentinite) is observed and discussed. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of characteristic Sb–S and Sb–O vibrations. The absorbance spectrum reveals a shift in the energy bandgap (Eg) with values of 1.58–2.23 eV, indicating the compositional changes due to prolonged heating. The emergence of electron donor Sb5+ ions (at 541.36 eV) and Sb3+ (at 540 eV) was investigated in the XPS study. In association, PL emission at 560 nm is attributed to the oxidative transformation of Sb3+ to Sb5+, suggesting the redox transformations within the composite. EIS analysis reveals the fastest interfacial charge-transfer process in the 60 min—heated sample. As a result, the prolonged heating time influences the phase transition and composition, resulting in the properties tailoring of the Sb2S3/Sb2O3 composites.
{"title":"Impact of Controlled Thermal Oxidation on Phase Transition and Tailoring Properties of Sb2S3/Sb2O3 Composites","authors":"Chatkaew Chailuecha, Reungruthai Sirirak, Tawat Suriwong, Arrak Klinbumrung","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01692-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01692-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates the synthesis and characterisation of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite materials through thermal oxidation at 350 °C with varying heating times. The structural, morphology, and electrical behaviours were characterised using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, PL, and EIS. The phase transformation from stibnite (Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) to Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases (senarmontite and valentinite) is observed and discussed. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of characteristic Sb–S and Sb–O vibrations. The absorbance spectrum reveals a shift in the energy bandgap (E<sub>g</sub>) with values of 1.58–2.23 eV, indicating the compositional changes due to prolonged heating. The emergence of electron donor Sb<sup>5+</sup> ions (at 541.36 eV) and Sb<sup>3+</sup> (at 540 eV) was investigated in the XPS study. In association, PL emission at 560 nm is attributed to the oxidative transformation of Sb<sup>3+</sup> to Sb<sup>5+</sup>, suggesting the redox transformations within the composite. EIS analysis reveals the fastest interfacial charge-transfer process in the 60 min—heated sample. As a result, the prolonged heating time influences the phase transition and composition, resulting in the properties tailoring of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3069 - 3081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The AlCrFe2NiCuMox multiphase high entropy alloys were designed, prepared and characterized. The effect of Mo addition on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AlCrFe2NiCuMox high entropy alloys was investigated. The microstructure of AlCrFe2NiCuMox alloy consists of B2 + BCC + FCC + σ phases with a typical dendritic morphology. The addition of the Mo element promotes the generation of the σ phase in the alloy, while the B2 phase is gradually replaced by the σ phase. The hardness test and room temperature compression test results show that AlCrFe2NiCuMo0.6 alloy has a compressive rupture strength of 2030 MPa, a yield strength of 1462 MPa, a compressive strain limit of 18.18%, and a hardness of 488 HV, which has good comprehensive mechanical properties. With the increase of Mo element addition, the BCC solid solution phase and the ordered B2 phase separated in the alloy, and the σ phase precipitate from the BCC solid solution phase, and the mechanical properties of the alloy become worse at room temperature.
{"title":"Microstructure Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism of AlCrFe2NiCuMox High Entropy Alloys","authors":"Junhui Zhao, Jinshuai Zhang, Xiaoyi Li, Xujie Gao, Nana Guo, Chengcheng Shi, Guangming Zhu, Jinhua Ding, Fengshi Yin","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01687-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01687-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The AlCrFe<sub>2</sub>NiCuMo<sub><i>x</i></sub> multiphase high entropy alloys were designed, prepared and characterized. The effect of Mo addition on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AlCrFe<sub>2</sub>NiCuMo<sub><i>x</i></sub> high entropy alloys was investigated. The microstructure of AlCrFe<sub>2</sub>NiCuMo<sub><i>x</i></sub> alloy consists of B2 + BCC + FCC + σ phases with a typical dendritic morphology. The addition of the Mo element promotes the generation of the σ phase in the alloy, while the B2 phase is gradually replaced by the σ phase. The hardness test and room temperature compression test results show that AlCrFe<sub>2</sub>NiCuMo<sub>0.6</sub> alloy has a compressive rupture strength of 2030 MPa, a yield strength of 1462 MPa, a compressive strain limit of 18.18%, and a hardness of 488 HV, which has good comprehensive mechanical properties. With the increase of Mo element addition, the BCC solid solution phase and the ordered B2 phase separated in the alloy, and the σ phase precipitate from the BCC solid solution phase, and the mechanical properties of the alloy become worse at room temperature.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 11","pages":"3005 - 3013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the strength and plasticity of the AZ61 Mg alloy, a process called extrusion-shear (ES) was proposed. The process is based on conventional extrusion with the addition of two equal extrusion channels (ECAP). ES process is a severe plastic deformation process that can effectively enhance the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg alloy. However, the impact of shear angle on the process and mechanism remains unclear. Two channel angles, 120 and 135°, were designed for processing. The properties of the center and edge zones of the formed billets were investigated. This process is performed on AZ61 Mg alloys in the as-cast state with a processing temperature of 440 °C. The results show a significant increase in strength, with the yield strength reaching 193 MPa in the center zone of the ES-135° sample and the ultimate tensile strength reaching 241.9 MPa in the edge zone of the ES-120° sample. The increase in strength is attributed to second-phase precipitates, bimodal grain structure and high-density dislocations. ES-120° and ES-135° samples show less weakening of the basal texture in the edge zone than in the center zone. The ES-120° sample’s edge zone exhibited a fracture elongation of 18.2%. Excellent plasticity attributed to active slip system and bimodal grains. The microstructure results for the central and edge zones of the samples show that the shear angle leads to differences in the crystal orientation of the Mg alloys, and that different zones of the same sample also have different texture intensity due to the incorporation of ECAP. This study aims to reveal the deformation mechanism of Mg alloys in different shear angles and to provide a way to improve the plastic forming ability and comprehensive performance of Mg alloys.
{"title":"Effect of Shear Angle on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ61 Mg Alloy During Extrusion-Shear Process","authors":"Chaowei Zeng, Wei Peng, Ting Yuan, Zengwei Sun, Yisong Zhou, Xufeng Xie, Hongjun Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01688-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01688-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the strength and plasticity of the AZ61 Mg alloy, a process called extrusion-shear (ES) was proposed. The process is based on conventional extrusion with the addition of two equal extrusion channels (ECAP). ES process is a severe plastic deformation process that can effectively enhance the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg alloy. However, the impact of shear angle on the process and mechanism remains unclear. Two channel angles, 120 and 135°, were designed for processing. The properties of the center and edge zones of the formed billets were investigated. This process is performed on AZ61 Mg alloys in the as-cast state with a processing temperature of 440 °C. The results show a significant increase in strength, with the yield strength reaching 193 MPa in the center zone of the ES-135° sample and the ultimate tensile strength reaching 241.9 MPa in the edge zone of the ES-120° sample. The increase in strength is attributed to second-phase precipitates, bimodal grain structure and high-density dislocations. ES-120° and ES-135° samples show less weakening of the basal texture in the edge zone than in the center zone. The ES-120° sample’s edge zone exhibited a fracture elongation of 18.2%. Excellent plasticity attributed to active slip system and bimodal grains. The microstructure results for the central and edge zones of the samples show that the shear angle leads to differences in the crystal orientation of the Mg alloys, and that different zones of the same sample also have different texture intensity due to the incorporation of ECAP. This study aims to reveal the deformation mechanism of Mg alloys in different shear angles and to provide a way to improve the plastic forming ability and comprehensive performance of Mg alloys.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 10","pages":"2808 - 2829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted on the quality control of Inconel625 alloy thin-walled structural components by CMT-WAAM (Cold Metal Transfer Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture) process. The solid solution + two-stage aging treatment process was proposed for the heat treatment of thin-walled parts. The effect of solid solution treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled parts was studied under the same aging treatment conditions. The experimental results show that the deposited microstructure of Inconel625 thin-walled structural parts is mainly columnar dendrites, which grow epitaxially along the deposition direction. The basic microstructure of specimen is γ-Ni solid solution, and many blocky or chain-like Laves phases are distributed in the grains and grain boundaries. After solid solution and two-stage aging treatment, the Laves phase of the specimen dissolves back, δ phase precipitates and significant changes in mechanical properties. With the increase of solution treatment temperature, the Laves phases dissolve gradually, accompanied by δ phases precipitation. As the solid solution treatment temperature increases, the Laves phase gradually dissolves back, accompanied by δ Phase precipitation. When the solid solution treatment temperature rises to 1200 °C, the Laves phase is completely dissolved, δ The phase disappears and the grain size significantly increases. As the solution treatment temperature increases, the microhardness and tensile strength show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the yield strength shows no significant change.
{"title":"Effect of Solution and Double-Stage Aging Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CMT-WAAM Inconel625 Structural Components","authors":"Tianqi Wang, Jinbao Tang, Dongbo Guo, Jianbo Lei, Liangyu Li, Hongsheng Han","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01686-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01686-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was conducted on the quality control of Inconel625 alloy thin-walled structural components by CMT-WAAM (Cold Metal Transfer Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture) process. The solid solution + two-stage aging treatment process was proposed for the heat treatment of thin-walled parts. The effect of solid solution treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled parts was studied under the same aging treatment conditions. The experimental results show that the deposited microstructure of Inconel625 thin-walled structural parts is mainly columnar dendrites, which grow epitaxially along the deposition direction. The basic microstructure of specimen is γ-Ni solid solution, and many blocky or chain-like Laves phases are distributed in the grains and grain boundaries. After solid solution and two-stage aging treatment, the Laves phase of the specimen dissolves back, δ phase precipitates and significant changes in mechanical properties. With the increase of solution treatment temperature, the Laves phases dissolve gradually, accompanied by δ phases precipitation. As the solid solution treatment temperature increases, the Laves phase gradually dissolves back, accompanied by δ Phase precipitation. When the solid solution treatment temperature rises to 1200 °C, the Laves phase is completely dissolved, δ The phase disappears and the grain size significantly increases. As the solution treatment temperature increases, the microhardness and tensile strength show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the yield strength shows no significant change.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 10","pages":"2916 - 2924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01689-7
V. N. Borodikhin, V. V. Prudnikov
The influence of random fields on phase transitions in disordered systems has been studied using an exactly solvable model as an example. The value of the critical dimension (d_{cr}=6) has been found, and the existence of a dimensional shift (d'=d-2) has been established, which transforms the value of the critical indices of systems with random fields into the value of the critical indices of pure systems of the corresponding model. The phenomenological generalization of the model has been made taking into account the additional critical index (theta) associated with violation of scale invariance.
{"title":"Study of the Influence of Random Fields on Phase Transitions Using the Example of the Exactly Solvable Model","authors":"V. N. Borodikhin, V. V. Prudnikov","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01689-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01689-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of random fields on phase transitions in disordered systems has been studied using an exactly solvable model as an example. The value of the critical dimension <span>(d_{cr}=6)</span> has been found, and the existence of a dimensional shift <span>(d'=d-2)</span> has been established, which transforms the value of the critical indices of systems with random fields into the value of the critical indices of pure systems of the corresponding model. The phenomenological generalization of the model has been made taking into account the additional critical index <span>(theta)</span> associated with violation of scale invariance.</p>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 10","pages":"2617 - 2624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1007/s12540-024-01685-x
Kaibin Xie, Ran Sui, Zixu Zuo, Qiaoli Lin
Intrinsic wetting behaviors of Ag, AgCu and AgCuTi on TC4 were studied by ISD and MSD method. A linear spreading was found in Ag/TC4 system with a rate of ~ 0.14 mm/s. No significant difference in wetting behavior between AgCu/TC4 and AgCuTi/TC4, which can be divided into three stages. The first stage is controlled by the dissolution process at the solid/liquid interface, and the second and third stages are characterized by near linear and linear spreading. The corresponding spreading rates are ~ 0.017 mm/s and ~ 0.004 mm/s, which may be controlled by the solid solution reactions of Cu and TC4 and Ag and TC4, respectively.
{"title":"Intrinsic Wetting of TC4 by Ag, AgCu and AgCuTi Alloys","authors":"Kaibin Xie, Ran Sui, Zixu Zuo, Qiaoli Lin","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01685-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12540-024-01685-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intrinsic wetting behaviors of Ag, AgCu and AgCuTi on TC4 were studied by ISD and MSD method. A linear spreading was found in Ag/TC4 system with a rate of ~ 0.14 mm/s. No significant difference in wetting behavior between AgCu/TC4 and AgCuTi/TC4, which can be divided into three stages. The first stage is controlled by the dissolution process at the solid/liquid interface, and the second and third stages are characterized by near linear and linear spreading. The corresponding spreading rates are ~ 0.017 mm/s and ~ 0.004 mm/s, which may be controlled by the solid solution reactions of Cu and TC4 and Ag and TC4, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"30 10","pages":"2871 - 2881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号