Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041394
Aneela Sheikh, A. Ali, Muhammad Akram Soomro
Abstract Current study aims to explore the mediating role of job work environmentbetween the relationship ofservant leadership and faculty retention.Thepopulation of this study consists of all fulltime faculty members of four privatehigher educationinstitutes of Lahore, Pakistan.The total number of population consists of 2,230 full time facultymembers. A sample of 330 faculty memberswere drawn through clusterrandom sampling technique.The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23.Theoretically, this study has been conducted under the domain of socialexchange theory(SET).Themediation of job work environment was checked through Baron and Kenny path analysis procedure, the results reveled that servant leadership has a positive significant impact on faculty retention and job work environment, and job work environment partially mediates the relationship betweenservant leadershipandfaculty retention. Such type of study should also be conducted for public universities and other higher education institutes.
摘要本研究旨在探讨工作环境在服务型领导与教师留任关系中的中介作用。本研究的人口包括巴基斯坦拉合尔四所私立高等教育机构的所有全职教师。学校现有专职教师2230人。采用整群随机抽样的方法，抽取了330名教师作为样本。收集的数据使用SPSS version 23进行分析。从理论上讲，本研究是在社会交换理论(SET)的框架下进行的。通过Baron和Kenny路径分析对工作环境的中介作用进行检验，结果发现公仆式领导对教师留任和工作环境有显著的正向影响，工作环境在公仆式领导与教师留任之间有部分中介作用。公立大学和其他高等教育机构也应该进行这种类型的研究。
{"title":"Mediating Role of Job Work Environment between the Relationship of Servant Leadership and Faculty Retention in Higher Education","authors":"Aneela Sheikh, A. Ali, Muhammad Akram Soomro","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041394","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Current study aims to explore the mediating role of job work environmentbetween the relationship ofservant leadership and faculty retention.Thepopulation of this study consists of all fulltime faculty members of four privatehigher educationinstitutes of Lahore, Pakistan.The total number of population consists of 2,230 full time facultymembers. A sample of 330 faculty memberswere drawn through clusterrandom sampling technique.The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 23.Theoretically, this study has been conducted under the domain of socialexchange theory(SET).Themediation of job work environment was checked through Baron and Kenny path analysis procedure, the results reveled that servant leadership has a positive significant impact on faculty retention and job work environment, and job work environment partially mediates the relationship betweenservant leadershipandfaculty retention. Such type of study should also be conducted for public universities and other higher education institutes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74527967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041361
Shahzeb Khan, Amra Raza
This paper pivots on catechetics of imperialism which were identified in an archival study of question papers of MA English examinations which were conducted by Punjab University, Lahore, between 1882 and 1918. This catechetical strategy, the study reveals, was needed due to pedagogically imperial needs of the discipline and rested on the double-helical foundation of imperial literature and history. The double-helical foundation, the paper argues, was necessitated because of the exclusive and imperial conception of the discipline which was resistant to any initiatives which might disturb this arrangement. A couple of aberrations in this formulation, a book of translated poems from local literature which was made part of the poetry curriculum in 1884, and the subject of Comparative Grammar were thus quickly dispensed with. The exclusive focus on English writers, culture, literature, and history created a metanarrative of English cultural prowess and enabled the creation of pliant subjectivities suitable for the fulfillment of colonial operations. The study relies on a tranche of question papers for the masters in English degree. The paper is thus an attempt to reveal clandestine, grand narratives of cultural imperialism that lurk beneath the innocuous texts that are stockpiled in a curriculum which are disseminated through a catechetical strategy.
{"title":"Influencing the ‘Plastic Mind’ Catechetics of Imperialism in Instituting English Literary Studies in British Punjab","authors":"Shahzeb Khan, Amra Raza","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041361","url":null,"abstract":"This paper pivots on catechetics of imperialism which were identified in an archival study of question papers of MA English examinations which were conducted by Punjab University, Lahore, between 1882 and 1918. This catechetical strategy, the study reveals, was needed due to pedagogically imperial needs of the discipline and rested on the double-helical foundation of imperial literature and history. The double-helical foundation, the paper argues, was necessitated because of the exclusive and imperial conception of the discipline which was resistant to any initiatives which might disturb this arrangement. A couple of aberrations in this formulation, a book of translated poems from local literature which was made part of the poetry curriculum in 1884, and the subject of Comparative Grammar were thus quickly dispensed with. The exclusive focus on English writers, culture, literature, and history created a metanarrative of English cultural prowess and enabled the creation of pliant subjectivities suitable for the fulfillment of colonial operations. The study relies on a tranche of question papers for the masters in English degree. The paper is thus an attempt to reveal clandestine, grand narratives of cultural imperialism that lurk beneath the innocuous texts that are stockpiled in a curriculum which are disseminated through a catechetical strategy.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80727515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041316
Shahid Ali, Amna Niazi, Beenish Arshad, H. Hassan, Aftab Ahmad
This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of customers in the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The impact of trust is further studied on customers’ repurchase intentions and their word of mouth intentions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the customers of five different banks offering Islamic banking services in Pakistan. In order to explain the relationship between variables the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS. Empirical results from this study show that CSR is positively related to customer trust, repurchase intentions and word of mouth intentions in the Islamic banking industry. The findings prove that hypothesized model fit reasonably well based on comparison fit indices. The study adds valuable insights to CSR related research in South Asia and particularly focuses on the factors that influence perceptions and behaviors of Islamic banking customers.
{"title":"Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Islamic Banking Customers of Pakistan","authors":"Shahid Ali, Amna Niazi, Beenish Arshad, H. Hassan, Aftab Ahmad","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041316","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility on trust level of customers in the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The impact of trust is further studied on customers’ repurchase intentions and their word of mouth intentions. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the customers of five different banks offering Islamic banking services in Pakistan. In order to explain the relationship between variables the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS. Empirical results from this study show that CSR is positively related to customer trust, repurchase intentions and word of mouth intentions in the Islamic banking industry. The findings prove that hypothesized model fit reasonably well based on comparison fit indices. The study adds valuable insights to CSR related research in South Asia and particularly focuses on the factors that influence perceptions and behaviors of Islamic banking customers. ","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84152401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041125
H. Sherazi, H. Rehman, A. Shahid, Laila Khalid Laila Khalid
To attain sustainable economic growth stability in prices is considered as the key instrument. The SBP is considering interest rate targeting as most suitable strategy to control price instability in Pakistan. Present research will make analysis of interest rate targeting in the country. The study empirically investigates long and short run impact of interest rate targeting on inflation. Estimated outcomes of present research indicate the significance of interest rate targeting for the country. Inflation rate is considered as dependent variable. Main proposed variable to influence inflation is interest rate. The controlled variable of present research is real GDP growth. Annual data covering the period from 1980-2019 has been used. The techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and pair wise causality approach to assess the nature of causation among variables have been used. The results of the study propose that interest rate is best instrument to achieve target of less volatile prices in economy.
{"title":"The Interest Rate Targeting; A Way Out to Curb Price Instability in Pakistan","authors":"H. Sherazi, H. Rehman, A. Shahid, Laila Khalid Laila Khalid","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041125","url":null,"abstract":"To attain sustainable economic growth stability in prices is considered as the key instrument. The SBP is considering interest rate targeting as most suitable strategy to control price instability in Pakistan. Present research will make analysis of interest rate targeting in the country. The study empirically investigates long and short run impact of interest rate targeting on inflation. Estimated outcomes of present research indicate the significance of interest rate targeting for the country. Inflation rate is considered as dependent variable. Main proposed variable to influence inflation is interest rate. The controlled variable of present research is real GDP growth. Annual data covering the period from 1980-2019 has been used. The techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and pair wise causality approach to assess the nature of causation among variables have been used. The results of the study propose that interest rate is best instrument to achieve target of less volatile prices in economy.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88578972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041253
Anum Iftikhar, Shi Hongbo, Maqsood Ahmad, N. Ali, Saddam Hussain
Extensive pumping and less recharge of groundwater increase concentration of Arsenicin it; thus, make it injurious for human health. This study explores the water quality indicators of groundwater of the arid and populous areas of Southern Punjab – Pakistan, which experiences extensive pumping for irrigation and drinking purposes. Spatial data of 550 locations from the three major cities of this area namely Multan, Muzaffargarh, and Khanewal were collected to observe the 8 well known water quality indicators set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). Firstly, we computed pairwise correlation coefficients among these indicators and later on contamination load for this data was also calculated by using factor analysis. Several regression models were fitted and the established equations were evaluated based on their coefficient of determination for pairs of variables. Factor analysis suggested 3 groups of indicators that were chemically correlated and showed concurrence with regression analysis. Among the water samples, 27% showed undesired Arsenic concentration that violated thePEPA and WHO standards. Lastly, we spatially mapped these indicators to predict the unmonitored locations which will enable stakeholders and policymakers to take decisions in the best interest of the health of community living in these areas.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis of the Increased Arsenic Concentration in Groundwater of Southern Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Anum Iftikhar, Shi Hongbo, Maqsood Ahmad, N. Ali, Saddam Hussain","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041253","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive pumping and less recharge of groundwater increase concentration of Arsenicin it; thus, make it injurious for human health. This study explores the water quality indicators of groundwater of the arid and populous areas of Southern Punjab – Pakistan, which experiences extensive pumping for irrigation and drinking purposes. Spatial data of 550 locations from the three major cities of this area namely Multan, Muzaffargarh, and Khanewal were collected to observe the 8 well known water quality indicators set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO). Firstly, we computed pairwise correlation coefficients among these indicators and later on contamination load for this data was also calculated by using factor analysis. Several regression models were fitted and the established equations were evaluated based on their coefficient of determination for pairs of variables. Factor analysis suggested 3 groups of indicators that were chemically correlated and showed concurrence with regression analysis. Among the water samples, 27% showed undesired Arsenic concentration that violated thePEPA and WHO standards. Lastly, we spatially mapped these indicators to predict the unmonitored locations which will enable stakeholders and policymakers to take decisions in the best interest of the health of community living in these areas.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74544425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041310
Qurratulain Ershad, Sumaira Noreen
The present research aimed at investigating the impact and benefits of picture storytelling and mind maps on the narrative abilities of a CI student. Action research was conducted to improve help CI learner write better narratives using picture stories and mind maps. An action-research was conducted to help CI learners to improve their narrative writing skills. The data was collected over a period of six months, during which the participant was taught for 30-40 minutes daily. The overall results showed a significant improvement in narrative writing ability of the participant. The result also depicted efficacy of picture storytelling and mind maps leading to essential need to incorporate them in English classes in order to help the CI learner to write to narratives to her best of her abilities. This research also showed the effectuality of these strategies as a guide to teachers providing guidance in planning and conducting English language lessons.
{"title":"Enhancing Narrative Writing Ability of A Ci Learner With The Help of Picture Stories and Mind Maps","authors":"Qurratulain Ershad, Sumaira Noreen","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041310","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed at investigating the impact and benefits of picture storytelling and mind maps on the narrative abilities of a CI student. Action research was conducted to improve help CI learner write better narratives using picture stories and mind maps. An action-research was conducted to help CI learners to improve their narrative writing skills. The data was collected over a period of six months, during which the participant was taught for 30-40 minutes daily. The overall results showed a significant improvement in narrative writing ability of the participant. The result also depicted efficacy of picture storytelling and mind maps leading to essential need to incorporate them in English classes in order to help the CI learner to write to narratives to her best of her abilities. This research also showed the effectuality of these strategies as a guide to teachers providing guidance in planning and conducting English language lessons.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78652366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041201
R. Amin, Aneela Gill, Muhammad Farooq Alam
Based on 60 articles, news reports, and broadcast shows covering the first 16 months of Hina Rabbani Khar’s office, this study extensively explores the media portrayals of the first Pakistani woman foreign minister. Analysis shows that Khar’s position as a female politician is stereotyped to a greater extent compared to her accomplishments as foreign minister. While upholding the already deep-rooted gender stereotypes, the media sell their news the way they want and maintain gender polarities. The media’s approach needs to change for acknowledging rising woman politicians’ position equal to men in politics and thus, work for confirming equitable media portrayals.
{"title":"Gender Stereotyping: The Media’s Portrayals of Hina Rabbani Khar, the First Pakistani Woman Foreign Minister","authors":"R. Amin, Aneela Gill, Muhammad Farooq Alam","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041201","url":null,"abstract":"Based on 60 articles, news reports, and broadcast shows covering the first 16 months of Hina Rabbani Khar’s office, this study extensively explores the media portrayals of the first Pakistani woman foreign minister. Analysis shows that Khar’s position as a female politician is stereotyped to a greater extent compared to her accomplishments as foreign minister. While upholding the already deep-rooted gender stereotypes, the media sell their news the way they want and maintain gender polarities. The media’s approach needs to change for acknowledging rising woman politicians’ position equal to men in politics and thus, work for confirming equitable media portrayals.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73528996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041198
Shahid Nawaz, Irfanullah Khan
The stress is the main issue that affects individuals’ life from each dimension like their social and professional lives. The occupational stress is the employee anxieties and worries about his/her work which is basically result of various dynamic issues like working environment, working load and poor relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisor/leadership. In this connection, leadership is vital concept whose main role is to inspire their followers/ employees towards the attainment of certain well-defines objectives. For this purpose, the leaders use the different styles to motivate their employees by considering their needs and resolving their worries at workplaces in which the leadership styles (transformational and transactional) is most comprehensive package for employees’ motivation and performance leading to stressless situation at workplace. Therefore, to examine the relationships among the leadership styles, occupational stress and emotional intelligence, the data was collected through questionnaire from the teachers hailing from higher education institutions of KP, Pakistan and analyzed through different tools of the statistics to obtain answers to research questions. The researcher will offer recommendations to policy makers of higher education institutions about the research variables.
{"title":"The Leadership Styles and Occupational Stress: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence","authors":"Shahid Nawaz, Irfanullah Khan","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041198","url":null,"abstract":"The stress is the main issue that affects individuals’ life from each dimension like their social and professional lives. The occupational stress is the employee anxieties and worries about his/her work which is basically result of various dynamic issues like working environment, working load and poor relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisor/leadership. In this connection, leadership is vital concept whose main role is to inspire their followers/ employees towards the attainment of certain well-defines objectives. For this purpose, the leaders use the different styles to motivate their employees by considering their needs and resolving their worries at workplaces in which the leadership styles (transformational and transactional) is most comprehensive package for employees’ motivation and performance leading to stressless situation at workplace. Therefore, to examine the relationships among the leadership styles, occupational stress and emotional intelligence, the data was collected through questionnaire from the teachers hailing from higher education institutions of KP, Pakistan and analyzed through different tools of the statistics to obtain answers to research questions. The researcher will offer recommendations to policy makers of higher education institutions about the research variables.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85126719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041231
Muhammad Umair Zafar, N. H. Shah, T. Parveen, Tayyaba Syed
Afghanistan, unlike India and Pakistan, has never been colonized throughout its history. People of Afghanistan have always enjoyed cordial relations with the people of undivided sub-continent. However, the creation of a new state ‘Pakistan’ was considered as both, a threat and a geo-graphical de linkage between the people of Afghanistan and India. Both Indo- Afghan strengthen their bi-lateral relations through the treaty of friendship 1950. On the contrary, Afghanistan was the only country to vote against Pakistan’s admission to United Nations Organization. Despite of lingual, cultural and religious ties, Pak- Afghan relations failed to form strong basis. Since the emergence of Pakistan, India has been engaged in derailing Pakistan’s stability and security through its multidimensional approaches. India’s aim to isolate Pakistan in its neighbors is a serious implication for Pakistan. Indian consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad near the Pak- Afghan border have further raised serious concerns for Pakistan about the Indian presence in Afghanistan. The US war against terror campaign and Pakistan’s policy reversal against Taliban grew severe resentments among the Afghan Taliban against Pakistan. This article analyzes the Indian designs and its involvement in Afghanistan which directly affects the security and stability of Pakistan.
{"title":"Indo- Afghan Nexus: Implications for Pakistan (2001- 2014)","authors":"Muhammad Umair Zafar, N. H. Shah, T. Parveen, Tayyaba Syed","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041231","url":null,"abstract":"Afghanistan, unlike India and Pakistan, has never been colonized throughout its history. People of Afghanistan have always enjoyed cordial relations with the people of undivided sub-continent. However, the creation of a new state ‘Pakistan’ was considered as both, a threat and a geo-graphical de linkage between the people of Afghanistan and India. Both Indo- Afghan strengthen their bi-lateral relations through the treaty of friendship 1950. On the contrary, Afghanistan was the only country to vote against Pakistan’s admission to United Nations Organization. Despite of lingual, cultural and religious ties, Pak- Afghan relations failed to form strong basis. Since the emergence of Pakistan, India has been engaged in derailing Pakistan’s stability and security through its multidimensional approaches. India’s aim to isolate Pakistan in its neighbors is a serious implication for Pakistan. Indian consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad near the Pak- Afghan border have further raised serious concerns for Pakistan about the Indian presence in Afghanistan. The US war against terror campaign and Pakistan’s policy reversal against Taliban grew severe resentments among the Afghan Taliban against Pakistan. This article analyzes the Indian designs and its involvement in Afghanistan which directly affects the security and stability of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76255675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041207
A. Latif, S. Din
The importance of Workplace spirituality is gaining fame among scholars. In the recent past, management’s scholars have successfully found its affiliation with different variables. The aim of this study is to add knowledge in literature and provide suggestion for practical implementation, regarding the subject. All the results are based on empirical analysis of the data collected in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. The study investigated the causal affiliation between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment of faculty members with the mediating variable of organizational culture. Research was conducted in the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Four universities were selected randomly out of 29 universities. Questionnaire was used for the collection of data with 7-point Likert scale. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed among the selected universities out of which one hundred and ninety questionnaires were received. The study used Barron and Kenny’s method and hypothesis were confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that workplace spirituality (WPS) has positive and significant association with organizational culture and the later significantly mediates the impact of WPS on organizational commitment. Those employees who are spiritually motivated coupled with a positive organizational culture leads to enhanced commitment of employee.
{"title":"Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Commitment with the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture","authors":"A. Latif, S. Din","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041207","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Workplace spirituality is gaining fame among scholars. In the recent past, management’s scholars have successfully found its affiliation with different variables. The aim of this study is to add knowledge in literature and provide suggestion for practical implementation, regarding the subject. All the results are based on empirical analysis of the data collected in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. The study investigated the causal affiliation between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment of faculty members with the mediating variable of organizational culture. Research was conducted in the public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Four universities were selected randomly out of 29 universities. Questionnaire was used for the collection of data with 7-point Likert scale. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed among the selected universities out of which one hundred and ninety questionnaires were received. The study used Barron and Kenny’s method and hypothesis were confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Results indicate that workplace spirituality (WPS) has positive and significant association with organizational culture and the later significantly mediates the impact of WPS on organizational commitment. Those employees who are spiritually motivated coupled with a positive organizational culture leads to enhanced commitment of employee.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79131626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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