Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011032
R. Danish, Ashfaq Ahmed, Sadia Farooq, Waqas Baig, Hafiz Ahmed Ullah
The study in hand investigates the impact of ethical climate, perceived political climate, and behavioral integrity on ethical leadership with the moderating role of political mentoring of employees at work. The population of the study comprised of employees working in different service sectors. For collecting data 450 employees were chosen and the response rate was 75%. SPSS and AMOS were used for analysis and running a model to see the impact of political mentoring on ethical leadership with the assistance of ethical climate, perceived political climate, and behavioral integrity. This study shows a significant relationship among all the variables. It also shows that if there is ethical leadership in the organization it will assist the employees to have their behavioral integrity in the organization that helps them to perceive good climate and follow the ethical standards in the organization. In this context, political mentors help employees to get further knowledge about the organizational norms and political climate. The finding of this study will assist them to perform better in the organization with the help of ethical leaders that enhance their productivity and performance in the organization. Limitations of the study have been discussed.
{"title":"Ethics And Politics: What Determines Ethical Leadership Under Political Mentoring?","authors":"R. Danish, Ashfaq Ahmed, Sadia Farooq, Waqas Baig, Hafiz Ahmed Ullah","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011032","url":null,"abstract":"The study in hand investigates the impact of ethical climate, perceived political climate, and behavioral integrity on ethical leadership with the moderating role of political mentoring of employees at work. The population of the study comprised of employees working in different service sectors. For collecting data 450 employees were chosen and the response rate was 75%. SPSS and AMOS were used for analysis and running a model to see the impact of political mentoring on ethical leadership with the assistance of ethical climate, perceived political climate, and behavioral integrity. This study shows a significant relationship among all the variables. It also shows that if there is ethical leadership in the organization it will assist the employees to have their behavioral integrity in the organization that helps them to perceive good climate and follow the ethical standards in the organization. In this context, political mentors help employees to get further knowledge about the organizational norms and political climate. The finding of this study will assist them to perform better in the organization with the help of ethical leaders that enhance their productivity and performance in the organization. Limitations of the study have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78775338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011376
Z. Ahmer, Muhammad Ali, Zarmeen Nawaz, Ayaz Ahmad, T. Islam
Employees as an essential part of organizational success need to be proactive and respond according to the dynamic environmental changes. While being so, employee deviate from their given tasks and could harm their organization. Given that, we attempt to develop a model for employee positive deviance (constructive deviance). More specifically, our study aims to explore the mechanism between ethical leadership and constructive deviance through the mediating roles of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment. We collected data from 286 employees working in various organizations during COVID-19. We noted a significant effect of ethical leadership on constructive deviance, while self-efficacy and psychological empowerment were found to mediate this association. Our study contributes to the limited literature on constructive deviance and has implications for the management.
{"title":"How Ethical Leadership Can Develop Constructive Deviance? A South Asian Perspective","authors":"Z. Ahmer, Muhammad Ali, Zarmeen Nawaz, Ayaz Ahmad, T. Islam","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011376","url":null,"abstract":"Employees as an essential part of organizational success need to be proactive and respond according to the dynamic environmental changes. While being so, employee deviate from their given tasks and could harm their organization. Given that, we attempt to develop a model for employee positive deviance (constructive deviance). More specifically, our study aims to explore the mechanism between ethical leadership and constructive deviance through the mediating roles of self-efficacy and psychological empowerment. We collected data from 286 employees working in various organizations during COVID-19. We noted a significant effect of ethical leadership on constructive deviance, while self-efficacy and psychological empowerment were found to mediate this association. Our study contributes to the limited literature on constructive deviance and has implications for the management.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88352558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011428
Ghulam Abid, Alia Ahmed, F. Naqvi, Maryam Rehmat, Leena Anum
Thriving is a positive mental state characterized by a joint state of learning and vitality. The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive overview of all possible antecedents and consequences which are empirically tested and explained in the existing literature. A number of favorable factors if managed in organizations can result as positive outcomes of thriving. Thriving is a growing phenomenon in recent times because of a long list of positive behavioral outcomes which have been empirically validated. Above 150 papers are reviewed since the socially embedded model on thriving has been framed by Spreitzer et al. (2005). All the tested and validated factors in terms of antecedents and consequences have been put together in this study for better understanding of the phenomenon.
{"title":"Nomological Network of Thriving at Work","authors":"Ghulam Abid, Alia Ahmed, F. Naqvi, Maryam Rehmat, Leena Anum","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011428","url":null,"abstract":"Thriving is a positive mental state characterized by a joint state of learning and vitality. The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive overview of all possible antecedents and consequences which are empirically tested and explained in the existing literature. A number of favorable factors if managed in organizations can result as positive outcomes of thriving. Thriving is a growing phenomenon in recent times because of a long list of positive behavioral outcomes which have been empirically validated. Above 150 papers are reviewed since the socially embedded model on thriving has been framed by Spreitzer et al. (2005). All the tested and validated factors in terms of antecedents and consequences have been put together in this study for better understanding of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80490541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011390
M. Khan, J. Anwar, A. S. Abbasi
We critically analyse a particular case of Islamic financing “Ijarah”, availed by a small business that was previously unbanked and eventually attained exponential growth. Ijarah is an Islamic financing contract in which the use of an asset is rented out for a particular period against a pre-defined rent and may or may not eventually end into the transfer of ownership. The study revolves around a firm relationship between the bank and the customer who was previously unbanked but embarked on a lasting banking relationship due to the particular nature of Ijarah facility. Using qualitative data collected through interviews, observations and analysis of relevant documentations, we derive a number of important lessons for practitioners, academicians, students and the SMEs. First, the case represents an example of how customer engagement is at the core of successful business. Second, this case represents how a successfully implemented Ijarah financing helped the customer achieve exponential growth in assets size and business volume hence reflecting the real economic impact of Islamic Finance. Third, the study reveals a particular distinctive feature of Islamic financing i.e. being a successful driver of financial inclusion. The paper concludes with recommendations for the Islamic banks, shariah boards and the SMEs.
{"title":"Financial Inclusion of Small & Medium Enterprises: An Analysis of Ijarah Based Financing","authors":"M. Khan, J. Anwar, A. S. Abbasi","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011390","url":null,"abstract":"We critically analyse a particular case of Islamic financing “Ijarah”, availed by a small business that was previously unbanked and eventually attained exponential growth. Ijarah is an Islamic financing contract in which the use of an asset is rented out for a particular period against a pre-defined rent and may or may not eventually end into the transfer of ownership. The study revolves around a firm relationship between the bank and the customer who was previously unbanked but embarked on a lasting banking relationship due to the particular nature of Ijarah facility. Using qualitative data collected through interviews, observations and analysis of relevant documentations, we derive a number of important lessons for practitioners, academicians, students and the SMEs. First, the case represents an example of how customer engagement is at the core of successful business. Second, this case represents how a successfully implemented Ijarah financing helped the customer achieve exponential growth in assets size and business volume hence reflecting the real economic impact of Islamic Finance. Third, the study reveals a particular distinctive feature of Islamic financing i.e. being a successful driver of financial inclusion. The paper concludes with recommendations for the Islamic banks, shariah boards and the SMEs.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76488455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041378
Memoona Sohail, Sumaira Noreen
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Curriculum of English (Revised 2012) proposed by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for undergraduates. In this regard, it sought to evaluate the HEC’s English curriculum document, and also the design of English curriculum by the curriculum developer of a public sector university. It finally ventured to compare the curriculum document specifications with its contemplated design in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of the reform. The study used Daniel Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, process, and Product (CIPP) model as its framework for evaluation. The study is based mainly on qualitative design and the data is collected through analysis of the curriculum document and of the curriculum developer’s interview. The evaluation revealed many strengths of the curriculum; its goals were found to address students’ various language needs to develop their reading and writing skills, and their vocabulary and communication skills. The evaluation also revealed some inadequacies including a lack of focus on listening and speaking skills and teacher training. The findings indicated that though the curriculum reform was potentially sustainable and effective, the identified shortcomings could be addressed in future to obtain better outcomes from its implementation. Keywords: Evaluation, document analysis, curriculum reform, CIPP model
{"title":"Evaluation of English Curriculum Reform for Undergraduates at a Public Sector University by using the CIPP Model","authors":"Memoona Sohail, Sumaira Noreen","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041378","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Curriculum of English (Revised 2012) proposed by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for undergraduates. In this regard, it sought to evaluate the HEC’s English curriculum document, and also the design of English curriculum by the curriculum developer of a public sector university. It finally ventured to compare the curriculum document specifications with its contemplated design in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of the reform. The study used Daniel Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, process, and Product (CIPP) model as its framework for evaluation. The study is based mainly on qualitative design and the data is collected through analysis of the curriculum document and of the curriculum developer’s interview. The evaluation revealed many strengths of the curriculum; its goals were found to address students’ various language needs to develop their reading and writing skills, and their vocabulary and communication skills. The evaluation also revealed some inadequacies including a lack of focus on listening and speaking skills and teacher training. The findings indicated that though the curriculum reform was potentially sustainable and effective, the identified shortcomings could be addressed in future to obtain better outcomes from its implementation. \u0000Keywords: Evaluation, document analysis, curriculum reform, CIPP model","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80351468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041133
Muhammad Muarif Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain Rana, M. Aslam
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) Guidelines (2012) constituted by the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) for all listed companies in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore post guidelines effects over firms’ CSRD level as well as CSRD association with financial performance of Pakistan’s automobile sector from 2013-2019. CSRD has been measured by developing CSRD index of 45 items from six CSR dimensions (employee, customer, community, environment, energy and investor). Financial performance has been measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q (TBQ). Study considered firm age, firm size and financial leverage as control variables. Descriptive statistics has applied for measuring CSRD level. The association between CSRD and financial performance has measured by multiple regression models. Findings of the study show an increasing trend in the CSRD level during the study time period except 2019. Study also provides an evidence of significant positive association of CSRD with financial performance with all financial performance measures.
{"title":"Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Muarif Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain Rana, M. Aslam","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041133","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) Guidelines (2012) constituted by the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) for all listed companies in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore post guidelines effects over firms’ CSRD level as well as CSRD association with financial performance of Pakistan’s automobile sector from 2013-2019. CSRD has been measured by developing CSRD index of 45 items from six CSR dimensions (employee, customer, community, environment, energy and investor). Financial performance has been measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q (TBQ). Study considered firm age, firm size and financial leverage as control variables. Descriptive statistics has applied for measuring CSRD level. The association between CSRD and financial performance has measured by multiple regression models. Findings of the study show an increasing trend in the CSRD level during the study time period except 2019. Study also provides an evidence of significant positive association of CSRD with financial performance with all financial performance measures.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87652127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041314
Sumaira Iram, R. Khan, Leena Anum
The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behaviour with mediation of job satisfaction in HEIs at Karachi. The study examined impact of three workplace spirituality dimensions- inner life, meaningful work and sense of community on OCB, and how this impact is mediated by job satisfaction. The study is explanatory in nature. Deductive approach was adopted and established hypothesis were tested. Data was collected from 384 full time faculty members of HEIs located in Karachi with adapted questionnaire. Collected data was analysed with the help of statistical tools Correlation, Regression and Bootstrapping, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results of the analysis show that workplace spirituality dimensions are significant predictor of OCB and relationship of workplace spirituality with OCB is partially mediated by job satisfaction. Findings of the study are considered useful for the management of HEIs in ascertaining existing effect of workplace spirituality on OCB and also to determine mediating effect of job satisfaction in this relationship. It will help them to take measures to further improve OCB. Other industries, organizations as well as academia may also benefit from the findings of the study.
摘要本研究旨在探讨工作场所灵性对卡拉奇高等学校组织公民行为的影响，并以工作满意度为中介。本研究考察了三个工作场所灵性维度——内心生活、有意义的工作和社区意识对公民行为的影响，以及这种影响如何被工作满意度所中介。这项研究本质上是解释性的。采用演绎法，对已建立的假设进行检验。数据收集自位于卡拉奇的高等教育机构的384名全职教师。采用SPSS (statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件，运用相关、回归和Bootstrapping等统计工具对收集到的数据进行分析。分析结果表明，工作场所精神维度是组织公民行为的显著预测因子，工作场所精神维度与组织公民行为的关系受工作满意度的部分中介作用。本研究的结果对高校管理人员确定工作场所精神性对组织公民行为的影响，以及确定工作满意度在这一关系中的中介作用有一定的参考价值。这将有助于他们采取措施进一步改善公民行为。其他行业、组织和学术界也可能从这项研究的结果中受益。
{"title":"Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour with Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Higher Education Institutes at Karachi","authors":"Sumaira Iram, R. Khan, Leena Anum","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041314","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behaviour with mediation of job satisfaction in HEIs at Karachi. The study examined impact of three workplace spirituality dimensions- inner life, meaningful work and sense of community on OCB, and how this impact is mediated by job satisfaction. The study is explanatory in nature. Deductive approach was adopted and established hypothesis were tested. Data was collected from 384 full time faculty members of HEIs located in Karachi with adapted questionnaire. Collected data was analysed with the help of statistical tools Correlation, Regression and Bootstrapping, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results of the analysis show that workplace spirituality dimensions are significant predictor of OCB and relationship of workplace spirituality with OCB is partially mediated by job satisfaction. Findings of the study are considered useful for the management of HEIs in ascertaining existing effect of workplace spirituality on OCB and also to determine mediating effect of job satisfaction in this relationship. It will help them to take measures to further improve OCB. Other industries, organizations as well as academia may also benefit from the findings of the study.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78904228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041102
S. Rehman, A. Sohail, S. Sair, A. Jadoon, Sami Ullah
In the course of recent decades, the relationship between capital structure, ownership structure and performance has been a significant and steady point in the corporate finance literature. The central tenant of this investigation is to examine the relationship between capital structure, ownership structure, and firm performance with respect to emerging economies like, Pakistani non-financial firms. Secondary data was used for this study, which was taken from state Bank of Pakistan, PSX and annual reports of the companies. The population of the study consist of Pakistani non-financial firms listed in PSX. The outcomes indicate that the overall capital structure proxies (i.e. DER & LTDR) are significant but negatively affected on firm’s performance (ROA & ROE).The outcomes of current study also suggested that there is a significant and positive relationship between ownership structure (i.e. Institutional & concentration ownership) and performance of the firms. This research is helpful for every company management to keep the optimal capital structure and make appropriate decision regarding ownership structure. In future research, researchers should use different proxies of ownership structure like, institutional ownership and family ownership to check the impact on firm performance.
{"title":"Impact of Ownership Structure And Capital Structure On Firm Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis Over Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) Listed Firms.","authors":"S. Rehman, A. Sohail, S. Sair, A. Jadoon, Sami Ullah","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041102","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of recent decades, the relationship between capital structure, ownership structure and performance has been a significant and steady point in the corporate finance literature. The central tenant of this investigation is to examine the relationship between capital structure, ownership structure, and firm performance with respect to emerging economies like, Pakistani non-financial firms. Secondary data was used for this study, which was taken from state Bank of Pakistan, PSX and annual reports of the companies. The population of the study consist of Pakistani non-financial firms listed in PSX. The outcomes indicate that the overall capital structure proxies (i.e. DER & LTDR) are significant but negatively affected on firm’s performance (ROA & ROE).The outcomes of current study also suggested that there is a significant and positive relationship between ownership structure (i.e. Institutional & concentration ownership) and performance of the firms. This research is helpful for every company management to keep the optimal capital structure and make appropriate decision regarding ownership structure. In future research, researchers should use different proxies of ownership structure like, institutional ownership and family ownership to check the impact on firm performance. ","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82292205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-07DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.04041104
Irum Shehzadi, Muhammad Ejaz Sandhu
Tourism is a main and one of the biggest businesses in the world. Above the previous two eras, tourism has grown-up exponentially and is now measured to be one of the vital assets to raise economic development. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of tourism on Pakistan economy. Tourism is one of the greatest essential features for the economy of different countries. Economic Impacts are usually seen as positive, contributing to employment, better services, and social stability. It is the additional main business in languages of individuals it employments. Tourism can play a vital role in the GDP of Pakistan. Pakistan is fortunate enough that it attracts almost all types of tourist national and international. Pakistan has long coastal belt, historical places, religious places, rivers, lakes, mountains etc.
{"title":"Impact of Tourism on Pakistan Economy","authors":"Irum Shehzadi, Muhammad Ejaz Sandhu","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.04041104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041104","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is a main and one of the biggest businesses in the world. Above the previous two eras, tourism has grown-up exponentially and is now measured to be one of the vital assets to raise economic development. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of tourism on Pakistan economy. Tourism is one of the greatest essential features for the economy of different countries. Economic Impacts are usually seen as positive, contributing to employment, better services, and social stability. It is the additional main business in languages of individuals it employments. Tourism can play a vital role in the GDP of Pakistan. Pakistan is fortunate enough that it attracts almost all types of tourist national and international. Pakistan has long coastal belt, historical places, religious places, rivers, lakes, mountains etc.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81874797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2020.040411307
M. Idris, Said Saeed
Defenders of NCT-National Culture Theory have reported that because of inconsistencies in regional ethos, prospects, and attractiveness, priorities in standard structures are affected. However, the Godparents of Authentic Leadership Theory (ALT) introduced a trustworthy front-runner as straightforward and translucent irrespective of culture. This study investigated the preferred authentic leadership attributes (ALA) using in two universities AWKUM and Swat from leaders' and followers' points of view. A mixed-method methodology was employed to collect data from 50 participants, 25 in the separate institution of higher education. It was shown by the result that participants, although in diverse traditional settings, having universally joint predilections to certain ALA. Nevertheless, but more or less traits were explicit regionally. It was suggested that some traits have universality while others particular to the background framework, so by delineating genuineness in a management setting, particular predilections can be regarded. The results of research work contributed to a multicultural aspect of traits to authentic leadership theory regardless of timelessness and townlessness. Future researchers are further suggested that such types of comparative research investigations must be steered at different levels of education.
nnt - national Culture Theory的捍卫者报告说，由于地区精神、前景和吸引力的不一致性，标准结构的优先级受到影响。然而，真实领导理论(ALT)的教父教母介绍了一个值得信赖的领跑者，不管文化如何，都是直截了当、透明的。本研究以两所大学为研究对象，分别从领导者和追随者的角度考察了领导者的真实领导属性(ALA)。采用混合方法收集50名参与者的数据，其中25名来自独立的高等教育机构。结果表明，尽管在不同的传统环境中，参与者对某些ALA有普遍的共同偏好。然而，或多或少的特征在区域上是明显的。有人认为，一些特征具有普遍性，而另一些特征则特定于背景框架，因此，通过在管理环境中描述真实性，可以考虑特定的偏好。研究工作的结果为真实领导理论的多元文化特征做出了贡献，而不考虑时间和城镇。未来的研究人员进一步建议，这种类型的比较研究调查必须在不同的教育水平进行指导。
{"title":"Investigating Authentic Leadership of two Universities-Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan and Swat in Pakistan: A Cross-Culture Comparative study","authors":"M. Idris, Said Saeed","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2020.040411307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.040411307","url":null,"abstract":"Defenders of NCT-National Culture Theory have reported that because of inconsistencies in regional ethos, prospects, and attractiveness, priorities in standard structures are affected. However, the Godparents of Authentic Leadership Theory (ALT) introduced a trustworthy front-runner as straightforward and translucent irrespective of culture. This study investigated the preferred authentic leadership attributes (ALA) using in two universities AWKUM and Swat from leaders' and followers' points of view. A mixed-method methodology was employed to collect data from 50 participants, 25 in the separate institution of higher education. It was shown by the result that participants, although in diverse traditional settings, having universally joint predilections to certain ALA. Nevertheless, but more or less traits were explicit regionally. It was suggested that some traits have universality while others particular to the background framework, so by delineating genuineness in a management setting, particular predilections can be regarded. The results of research work contributed to a multicultural aspect of traits to authentic leadership theory regardless of timelessness and townlessness. Future researchers are further suggested that such types of comparative research investigations must be steered at different levels of education.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78500458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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