Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05021514
F. Bukhari, Sana Fayyaz, A. Khan, Fozia Latif Gill, Samar Fahd
Microfinance has become an eminent tool that is used by the poor women of community of Pakistan to upsurge turns and lessen paucity in developing countries specifically in Pakistan as well as all over the world. This study examines the family life of single mothers that belongs to the remote area to generate defensible returns, rescuing prospects, prolific resources, and satisfying crucial requirements in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Data has been collected through Interview based on a Survey of 194 single mothers (divorcees, widows and separated) out of 400 women borrower’s in the District of Bahawalpur. The theory of human capital advocated that not only microcredit gradually relieving in their earnings but also trying to self-assured substantially highlights in age, education, economic decision making, marital status and number of kids among single mothers in Bahawalpur. Less over, results indicated a considerable progressive role of single mothers and provided significant practice and policy implications that focus the importance of the study and endlessly improve the family life of these suffering women.
{"title":"The Magnitudes of Personal Empowerment and Familial Life of Single Mothers Borrower’s in Bahawalpur, Pakistan","authors":"F. Bukhari, Sana Fayyaz, A. Khan, Fozia Latif Gill, Samar Fahd","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05021514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05021514","url":null,"abstract":"Microfinance has become an eminent tool that is used by the poor women of community of Pakistan to upsurge turns and lessen paucity in developing countries specifically in Pakistan as well as all over the world. This study examines the family life of single mothers that belongs to the remote area to generate defensible returns, rescuing prospects, prolific resources, and satisfying crucial requirements in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Data has been collected through Interview based on a Survey of 194 single mothers (divorcees, widows and separated) out of 400 women borrower’s in the District of Bahawalpur. The theory of human capital advocated that not only microcredit gradually relieving in their earnings but also trying to self-assured substantially highlights in age, education, economic decision making, marital status and number of kids among single mothers in Bahawalpur. Less over, results indicated a considerable progressive role of single mothers and provided significant practice and policy implications that focus the importance of the study and endlessly improve the family life of these suffering women.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05021340
S. Maqbool, Muhammad Atiq-ur-Rehman, Maria Khushbakht, F. Bashir
This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 2003-2019. The comparative advantage and competitiveness of fruit exports of Pakistan are examined by employing revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA), relative import advantage (RMA), relative trade advantage (RTA), Trade Balance Index (TBI) and Revealed Competitiveness Index (RC). The empirical findings illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in fruit exports during the period under consideration. The global competitiveness of Pakistan in the fruit exports indicates that there exists much potential for the growth of the horticultural sector. With government patronage and proper facilities, the fruit products can be a source of valuable foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistan economy.
{"title":"An Empirical Analysis of Export Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage of Pakistan’s Fruit Products","authors":"S. Maqbool, Muhammad Atiq-ur-Rehman, Maria Khushbakht, F. Bashir","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05021340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05021340","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 2003-2019. The comparative advantage and competitiveness of fruit exports of Pakistan are examined by employing revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA), relative import advantage (RMA), relative trade advantage (RTA), Trade Balance Index (TBI) and Revealed Competitiveness Index (RC). The empirical findings illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in fruit exports during the period under consideration. The global competitiveness of Pakistan in the fruit exports indicates that there exists much potential for the growth of the horticultural sector. With government patronage and proper facilities, the fruit products can be a source of valuable foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistan economy.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05021384
H. Khan, Habib-ur-Rehman, N. Ullah, W. Ullah, I. Khan
Electricity energy crisis croppoed up in 2009 due to widening gap in demand and supply of power in Pakistan due to declining production and increasing demand resulting from growing population and economic activities. Resultantly the industrial poduction is worsely affected due to frequent power supply shortage which is still a serious challenge to development economists and power suppliers. Also adversly affected quality of production of industries which operate on delicate material. No doubt most of the industries have since established their own energy production units yet the cost of production has further added to difficulties. This discourages enterpreneurs and retards industrial growth. This study examines and quantifies the socio-economic impact of electricity outages in the “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” Peshawar, Pakistan. In order to identify multi-dimentional impact experienced by industries i.e. extra cost of energy generation including maintenance cost of additional power generating equipments, inevitable extra shift/ hours engagement, for production and sales, target acheivements etc an intensive study was made by collecting data through face to face interview. The primary data was collected through questionnaire for the analysis of the study. A cluster that is “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” was selected as it is one of the large and old industrial estate of KPK. This study encompasses 374 companies of Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Pakistan as a sample representing all industries of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total cost of electricty outages is considered to be the sum of direct and indirect cost. The paper suggests that as an urgent measure the existing installed capacity be enhanced by upgrading the power production equipments. Immediate measures be taken to minimse silt deposition in all the three dames by silt clearing. To save energy from wastage illegal connection and stealing be checked through stern action by the state authorities. In the mean time solar energy system be encouraged by subsidisng the solar systems particularly for industrial installation. This study will quantify the financial impact of load shedding and bring in the knowledge of all stakeholders specifically the government to help them expedite the remedial actions.
{"title":"Impact of Energy Crisis on Industries of Pakistan: A Case of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Industries","authors":"H. Khan, Habib-ur-Rehman, N. Ullah, W. Ullah, I. Khan","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05021384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05021384","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity energy crisis croppoed up in 2009 due to widening gap in demand and supply of power in Pakistan due to declining production and increasing demand resulting from growing population and economic activities. Resultantly the industrial poduction is worsely affected due to frequent power supply shortage which is still a serious challenge to development economists and power suppliers. Also adversly affected quality of production of industries which operate on delicate material. No doubt most of the industries have since established their own energy production units yet the cost of production has further added to difficulties. This discourages enterpreneurs and retards industrial growth. This study examines and quantifies the socio-economic impact of electricity outages in the “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” Peshawar, Pakistan. In order to identify multi-dimentional impact experienced by industries i.e. extra cost of energy generation including maintenance cost of additional power generating equipments, inevitable extra shift/ hours engagement, for production and sales, target acheivements etc an intensive study was made by collecting data through face to face interview. The primary data was collected through questionnaire for the analysis of the study. A cluster that is “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” was selected as it is one of the large and old industrial estate of KPK. This study encompasses 374 companies of Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Pakistan as a sample representing all industries of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total cost of electricty outages is considered to be the sum of direct and indirect cost. The paper suggests that as an urgent measure the existing installed capacity be enhanced by upgrading the power production equipments. Immediate measures be taken to minimse silt deposition in all the three dames by silt clearing. To save energy from wastage illegal connection and stealing be checked through stern action by the state authorities. In the mean time solar energy system be encouraged by subsidisng the solar systems particularly for industrial installation. This study will quantify the financial impact of load shedding and bring in the knowledge of all stakeholders specifically the government to help them expedite the remedial actions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91040307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05021397
Amna Umar, Sumaira Noreen
It has long been debated that the English language programs (ELP) have not been able to achieve its objectives in Pakistani context. Students are still unable to learn and acquire English as a language. They memorize it as a subject. Researchers have blamed the policy, the practice, the curriculum and the overall implementation of the curriculum in this context. However, none have inquired about teachers’ perceptions about the theory and practice of ELP at higher secondary school (HSSC) level in the context of Pakistan’s public sector institutes which are affiliated with Board of Intermediate and secondary Education Lahore (BISEL). The aim of this research is to explore teachers’ perception about: (i) the theory (National Curriculum for English Language, 2006) and practice (textbooks, instructional methodologies, criteria of assessment) of English language program at higher secondary level, (ii) the discrepancies between the two, and, (iii) the reasons and solutions of identified discrepancies. To fulfill the aim, 20 English language teachers, teaching at higher secondary level are interviewed, using a semi-structured interview protocol. The findings of the research explicate that: ELP at HSSC level, in the context of BISEL public sector institutes, has not been able to achieve its objectives and there are enormous discrepancies between the theory and practice. The main reasons identified by the teachers are: poor background knowledge of students regarding EL, assessment based teaching and learning practices and the content based assessment. According to the teachers, for acquisition of EL in real terms, the entire system needs major modifications, not only at HSSC level, but also atgrass root level. They were of the view that students lack basic skills of EL, which ought to be acquired at primary and middle level. Higher secondary level is not to learn the basics of the language but to master the skills as a lifelong learning.
{"title":"A Qualitative Exploration of Teachers’ Perceptions about the Theory and Practice of English Language Curriculum at Higher Secondary Level","authors":"Amna Umar, Sumaira Noreen","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05021397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05021397","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been debated that the English language programs (ELP) have not been able to achieve its objectives in Pakistani context. Students are still unable to learn and acquire English as a language. They memorize it as a subject. Researchers have blamed the policy, the practice, the curriculum and the overall implementation of the curriculum in this context. However, none have inquired about teachers’ perceptions about the theory and practice of ELP at higher secondary school (HSSC) level in the context of Pakistan’s public sector institutes which are affiliated with Board of Intermediate and secondary Education Lahore (BISEL). The aim of this research is to explore teachers’ perception about: (i) the theory (National Curriculum for English Language, 2006) and practice (textbooks, instructional methodologies, criteria of assessment) of English language program at higher secondary level, (ii) the discrepancies between the two, and, (iii) the reasons and solutions of identified discrepancies. To fulfill the aim, 20 English language teachers, teaching at higher secondary level are interviewed, using a semi-structured interview protocol. The findings of the research explicate that: ELP at HSSC level, in the context of BISEL public sector institutes, has not been able to achieve its objectives and there are enormous discrepancies between the theory and practice. The main reasons identified by the teachers are: poor background knowledge of students regarding EL, assessment based teaching and learning practices and the content based assessment. According to the teachers, for acquisition of EL in real terms, the entire system needs major modifications, not only at HSSC level, but also atgrass root level. They were of the view that students lack basic skills of EL, which ought to be acquired at primary and middle level. Higher secondary level is not to learn the basics of the language but to master the skills as a lifelong learning.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87063908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05021461
K. Irfan, T. Islam
The study aims to investigate ethical leadership's impact on employee's leave intention. The study proposes a moderating mediation model examining ethical leadership's (EL) impact on leave intention (LI) through the mediation of occupational commitment (OC) and moderation of psychological empowerment (PE). Survey-based questionnaires were distributed among 600 nursing staff of three big cities of Punjab, Pakistan. SEM was applied for the results that revealed a positive association between EL and LI. In addition, findings suggested strong mediation of occupational commitment between ethical leadership and leave intention and moderation of psychological empowerment between EL and OC. Overall, this study was an attempt to encourage commitment among Pakistan's nursing staff in this pandemic covid-19 situation.
{"title":"Can Psychological Empowerment and Ethical Leadership Empower Nurses Psychologically and Ethically In The Power-Distance Culture Of Pakistan?","authors":"K. Irfan, T. Islam","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05021461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05021461","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate ethical leadership's impact on employee's leave intention. The study proposes a moderating mediation model examining ethical leadership's (EL) impact on leave intention (LI) through the mediation of occupational commitment (OC) and moderation of psychological empowerment (PE). Survey-based questionnaires were distributed among 600 nursing staff of three big cities of Punjab, Pakistan. SEM was applied for the results that revealed a positive association between EL and LI. In addition, findings suggested strong mediation of occupational commitment between ethical leadership and leave intention and moderation of psychological empowerment between EL and OC. Overall, this study was an attempt to encourage commitment among Pakistan's nursing staff in this pandemic covid-19 situation.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75238000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the beginning of 2020, healthcare industry has been under constant pressure to maintain and provide best health related services to the public. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate and measure the critical supply chain risks in the healthcare industry that troubled the flow of supply chain. For that purpose, a comprehensive list of critical risk factors has been developed that impact on the healthcare supply chain. Fuzzy analytical network processing gives a comprehensive list of risks probability based on experts’ judgment. Hereafter, Bayesian inference helps out to analyze the multi-echelon network with different risk bearing attitudes (i.e., pessimistic, most likely, optimistic) of healthcare professionals’ simultaneous propagation. The findings of risk prorogation help the professionals to evaluate the critical supply chain risks persists during covid-19 pandemic. Further, a proposed risk modeling gives an opportunity to achieve supply chain goals in terms of cost reduction, quality, and availability of equipment and drugs.
{"title":"Risk Propagation in Healthcare Supply Chain using Fuzzy-ANP and Bayesian Inference","authors":"Fahim Afzal, Sheikh Usman Yousaf, Bushra Usman, Farman Afzal, Amir Ikram","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011457","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of 2020, healthcare industry has been under constant pressure to maintain and provide best health related services to the public. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate and measure the critical supply chain risks in the healthcare industry that troubled the flow of supply chain. For that purpose, a comprehensive list of critical risk factors has been developed that impact on the healthcare supply chain. Fuzzy analytical network processing gives a comprehensive list of risks probability based on experts’ judgment. Hereafter, Bayesian inference helps out to analyze the multi-echelon network with different risk bearing attitudes (i.e., pessimistic, most likely, optimistic) of healthcare professionals’ simultaneous propagation. The findings of risk prorogation help the professionals to evaluate the critical supply chain risks persists during covid-19 pandemic. Further, a proposed risk modeling gives an opportunity to achieve supply chain goals in terms of cost reduction, quality, and availability of equipment and drugs.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011380
Samia Jamshed, S. Rehman, N. Majeed
Effective leadership in academia is crucial as well as an important component for the success of higher education institutions and to produce graduates of the twenty-first century. However, the complexity of educational reforms, multiple goals, and traditional norms stimulate vague and contested leadership amongst faculty members. The paper reveals the significance of leadership for higher education institutions and explore how leadership abilities can be indoctrinate at the faculty level. A qualitative study was designed by arranging a series of focus group discussions to collect the data. By conducting thematic analysis; few themes emerged which enlightens the significance of academic leadership. In higher education institutions faculty members directly promote the institutional teaching mission, advance learning, and research by representing themselves as core human resources of higher education institutions. Lastly, the paper presents the art of practicing situational leadership in educational reforms considering different paradigms of leadership.
{"title":"Exploring Leadership Dilemma for Faculty: A Case of Higher Education institutions in Pakistan","authors":"Samia Jamshed, S. Rehman, N. Majeed","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011380","url":null,"abstract":"Effective leadership in academia is crucial as well as an important component for the success of higher education institutions and to produce graduates of the twenty-first century. However, the complexity of educational reforms, multiple goals, and traditional norms stimulate vague and contested leadership amongst faculty members. The paper reveals the significance of leadership for higher education institutions and explore how leadership abilities can be indoctrinate at the faculty level. A qualitative study was designed by arranging a series of focus group discussions to collect the data. By conducting thematic analysis; few themes emerged which enlightens the significance of academic leadership. In higher education institutions faculty members directly promote the institutional teaching mission, advance learning, and research by representing themselves as core human resources of higher education institutions. Lastly, the paper presents the art of practicing situational leadership in educational reforms considering different paradigms of leadership.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77543546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011211
Gulzar Ahmad, Hira Iqbal
Some personality traits have tendencies to lead the commonly Facebook usage toward Facebook addiction. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of particular Big Five Personality traits as well as predicting those traits with Facebook addiction. This study has also evaluated the differences of Facebook addiction in terms of age between teenager and young adult students. An initial purposive sample of 300 Facebook users was selected from various schools and colleges. The sample consisted of 150 teenager students (75 teenager girls, 75 teenager boys) and 150 young adult students (75 young adult girls, 75 young adult boys) as total sample of 300 Facebook users. From this sample of 300 Facebook users, 86 participants were indicated as Facebook addicts while the remaining 214 participants were not Facebook addicts as assessed by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen et. al., 2012). The Big Five Markers Personality Scale (Goldberg, 1992) and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale were used as assessment measures. Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression and independent sample t-test were used to find out the results. The results indicated significant positive relationship of extraversion and significant negative relationship of conscientiousness with Facebook addiction. Extraversion personality trait positively predicted Facebook addiction while conscientiousness personality trait negatively predicted Facebook addiction. Agreeableness, Emotional Stability and Intellect personality traits were insignificant for Facebook addiction. Additionally, insignificant differences were revealed between Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults. The study would be an addition to the academic literature on personality and social psychology, and better understanding of Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults for counseling and psychotherapy.
某些性格特征有可能导致普通的Facebook用户对Facebook上瘾。本研究旨在调查五大人格特质的关系，并预测这些特质与Facebook成瘾的关系。本研究还评估了青少年和青年学生在年龄方面的Facebook成瘾差异。最初有目的的样本是300名Facebook用户，他们来自不同的学校和大学。样本包括150名青少年学生(75名青少年女孩，75名青少年男孩)和150名年轻成人学生(75名年轻成年女孩，75名年轻成年男孩)，共300名Facebook用户。根据Bergen Facebook成瘾量表(Andreassen et al.， 2012)的评估，在300名Facebook用户样本中，86名参与者被认为是Facebook成瘾者，而其余214名参与者不是Facebook成瘾者。采用大五标记人格量表(Goldberg, 1992)和Bergen Facebook成瘾量表作为评估手段。采用Pearson积差相关、线性回归、独立样本t检验等方法对结果进行分析。结果表明，外向性与Facebook成瘾呈显著正相关，尽责性与Facebook成瘾呈显著负相关。外向性人格特质正向预测Facebook成瘾，尽责性人格特质负向预测Facebook成瘾。宜人性、情绪稳定性和智力人格特征对Facebook成瘾无显著影响。此外，Facebook成瘾青少年和年轻人之间的差异也不显著。这项研究将为人格和社会心理学的学术文献提供补充，并更好地了解沉迷于Facebook的青少年和年轻人，以便进行咨询和心理治疗。
{"title":"Personality Traits: Facebook Addiction among Teenagers and Young Adults","authors":"Gulzar Ahmad, Hira Iqbal","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011211","url":null,"abstract":"Some personality traits have tendencies to lead the commonly Facebook usage toward Facebook addiction. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of particular Big Five Personality traits as well as predicting those traits with Facebook addiction. This study has also evaluated the differences of Facebook addiction in terms of age between teenager and young adult students. An initial purposive sample of 300 Facebook users was selected from various schools and colleges. The sample consisted of 150 teenager students (75 teenager girls, 75 teenager boys) and 150 young adult students (75 young adult girls, 75 young adult boys) as total sample of 300 Facebook users. From this sample of 300 Facebook users, 86 participants were indicated as Facebook addicts while the remaining 214 participants were not Facebook addicts as assessed by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen et. al., 2012). The Big Five Markers Personality Scale (Goldberg, 1992) and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale were used as assessment measures. Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression and independent sample t-test were used to find out the results. The results indicated significant positive relationship of extraversion and significant negative relationship of conscientiousness with Facebook addiction. Extraversion personality trait positively predicted Facebook addiction while conscientiousness personality trait negatively predicted Facebook addiction. Agreeableness, Emotional Stability and Intellect personality traits were insignificant for Facebook addiction. Additionally, insignificant differences were revealed between Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults. The study would be an addition to the academic literature on personality and social psychology, and better understanding of Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults for counseling and psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82499876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011386
Rafid Ullah, Bakhtiar Khan
Sustainable economic growth and development is undoubtly, one of the most challenging issue nowadays, in the developing countries, particularly in Pakistan. Therefore, economists mainly focus on the importance of the fiscal, monetary and trade policies in escalating economic growth. This study investigate empirically the impact of fiscal, monetary and trade policies on economic growth of Pakistan, employing ARDL bounds test approach. From an evaluation of the overall analysis and results, it is concluded that, on fiscal policy variables side, development expenditure have positive and significant effect, while, current expenditure have also significant but negative effect on economic growth. On monetary policy variable side, money supply have also positive and significant effect on economic growth. Finally, on trade policy variable side, trade openness have positive and significant effect on economic growth. The results of this study confirm the finding of most previous study, since the advent of the endogenous growth theory and new trade theory. The study suggest that the level of fiscal policy variables, development expenditure could be effectual while current expenditure has been detrimental to economic growth. In the same way, on monetary policy variable side the level of money supply could also be effectual in an augmenting economy. Finally, the level of trade policy variable, trade openness could be effectual in managing economic growth.
{"title":"Empirical Investigation of Fiscal, Monetary and Trade Policies Impact on Economic Growth of Pakistan","authors":"Rafid Ullah, Bakhtiar Khan","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2021.05011386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2021.05011386","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable economic growth and development is undoubtly, one of the most challenging issue nowadays, in the developing countries, particularly in Pakistan. Therefore, economists mainly focus on the importance of the fiscal, monetary and trade policies in escalating economic growth. This study investigate empirically the impact of fiscal, monetary and trade policies on economic growth of Pakistan, employing ARDL bounds test approach. From an evaluation of the overall analysis and results, it is concluded that, on fiscal policy variables side, development expenditure have positive and significant effect, while, current expenditure have also significant but negative effect on economic growth. On monetary policy variable side, money supply have also positive and significant effect on economic growth. Finally, on trade policy variable side, trade openness have positive and significant effect on economic growth. The results of this study confirm the finding of most previous study, since the advent of the endogenous growth theory and new trade theory. The study suggest that the level of fiscal policy variables, development expenditure could be effectual while current expenditure has been detrimental to economic growth. In the same way, on monetary policy variable side the level of money supply could also be effectual in an augmenting economy. Finally, the level of trade policy variable, trade openness could be effectual in managing economic growth.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2021.05011199
Muhammad Tahir, Irfanuzzaman Khan
The performance is the most significant phenomenon that can influence the entire working format of the organizations in productive or adverse manners based on the effectiveness of performance management system. Similarly, job insecurity is the phenomenon wherein the individuals are worried about their professional affiliations with undesired possibility of losing their jobs. Likewise, work engagement denotes the degree of individual’s engagement in assigned responsibilities. This study examined the role of work engagement as mediator in connecting the job insecurity and job performance. The data was collected (employees from NGOs) through questionnaire adapted from existing studies with the aim to measure the research issues and their interrelationships. The data was analyzed by using different statistical procedures like correlation, regression and mediation to find answers of research hypotheses about the relationships among research variables as developed from theoretical framework to reach the conclusion comprehensively. The results show positive association, significant impact and partial mediation. Some recommendations are offered to policy-makers and future researchers as extracted from the results of the study.
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