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Multiscale modeling of lubrication flows under rarefied gas conditions 稀薄气体条件下润滑流动的多尺度建模
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02682-z
Giorgos Tatsios, Livio Gibelli, Duncan A. Lockerby, Matthew K. Borg

We present a multiscale method for simulating non-equilibrium lubrication flows. The effect of low pressure or tiny lubricating geometries that gives rise to rarefied gas effects means that standard Navier–Stokes solutions are invalid, while the large lateral size of the systems that need to be investigated is computationally prohibitive for Boltzmann solutions, such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC). The multiscale method we propose is applicable to time-varying, low-speed, rarefied gas flows in quasi-3D geometries that are now becoming important in various applications, such as next-generation microprocessor chip manufacturing, aerospace, sealing technologies and MEMS devices. Our multiscale simulation method provides accurate solutions, with errors of less than 1% compared to the DSMC benchmark results when all modeling conditions are met. It also shows computational gains over DSMC that increase when the lateral size of the systems increases, reaching 2–3 orders of magnitude even for relatively small systems, making it an effective tool for simulation-based design.

提出了一种模拟非平衡润滑流动的多尺度方法。低压或微小的润滑几何形状会产生稀薄的气体效应,这意味着标准的Navier-Stokes解是无效的,而需要研究的系统的大横向尺寸在计算上是禁止Boltzmann解的,例如直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法(DSMC)。我们提出的多尺度方法适用于准3d几何形状的时变,低速,稀薄气体流动,这些气体流动现在在各种应用中变得越来越重要,例如下一代微处理器芯片制造,航空航天,密封技术和MEMS器件。我们的多尺度模拟方法提供了精确的解决方案,在满足所有建模条件的情况下,与DSMC基准结果相比,误差小于1%。它还显示,当系统的横向尺寸增加时,相对于DSMC的计算增益也会增加,即使对于相对较小的系统,也能达到2-3个数量级,使其成为基于仿真的设计的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing plasma separation: cutting-edge design, simulation, and optimization techniques in microfluidics using COMSOL 革命性的等离子体分离:尖端的设计,模拟和优化技术在微流体使用COMSOL
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02684-x
Ashok Kumar Loganathan, Ramya Devaraj, Lalithambigai Krishnamoorthy

Blood plasma is used in more than 90% of blood diagnosis tests, microfluidics devices for separating plasma from whole blood can be utilised to multiple clinical laboratory and point-of-care diagnostics. To separate blood plasma, this research developed a structural design for microfluidic channels. The blood flow behaviour in microchannels has been modelled using the Euler–Euler Laminar Flow Model in COMSOL Multiphysics™. Differently designed microchips with segregating microchannels were created and subjected to investigation. Investigations were done on the geometrical impact of microchannels on plasma separation. Simulation results show that channel model contributes little in displacement or isolating the cells in low flow rate and become a difficult model in the case of blood separation, because it involves capturing the intricate fluid–particle interactions, such as hydrodynamic forces, particle–wall interactions, and particle–particle interactions. Studies on the angle between the main channel and side channels in trifurcation as well as bifurcation, different separator shapes, such as triangular, square, and serpentine, with a focus on the serpentine separator width with outlet bifurcation, show that there is a sudden change in flow direction of the cell free layer to obtain more plasma with a higher purity. By altering the angle of the outlet bifurcation and linearly increasing the diameter of the serpentine, an optimum design with many channels has been presented and evaluated.

血浆用于90%以上的血液诊断测试,用于从全血中分离血浆的微流体设备可用于多个临床实验室和护理点诊断。为了分离血浆,本研究开发了一种微流体通道的结构设计。使用COMSOL Multiphysics™中的Euler-Euler层流模型对微通道中的血液流动行为进行了建模。不同设计的带有分离微通道的微芯片被制造出来并进行了研究。研究了微通道对等离子体分离的几何影响。仿真结果表明,通道模型在低流速下对细胞的位移和分离作用不大,在血液分离的情况下成为一个困难的模型,因为它涉及到复杂的流体-颗粒相互作用,如水动力、颗粒-壁面相互作用和颗粒-颗粒相互作用。对三分岔和分岔时主通道和侧通道夹角的研究,不同的分离器形状,如三角形、正方形和蛇形,重点研究了出口分岔时蛇形分离器的宽度,表明细胞自由层的流动方向会发生突然变化,以获得更多纯度更高的等离子体。通过改变出口分岔角度,线性增大蛇形管直径,提出了一种多通道优化设计方案,并对其进行了评价。
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引用次数: 0
Lab on a chip for detecting Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) for potential screening of the workers exposed to respirable silica aerosol 实验室芯片检测克拉拉细胞蛋白16 (CC16)的潜在筛选暴露于可吸入二氧化硅气溶胶的工人
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02683-y
Chong Ahn, Taekhee Lee, Jae Hoon Shin, Jong Seong Lee, V. Thiyagarajan Upaassana, Sthitodhi Ghosh, Bon Ki Ku

Early detection of pulmonary responses to silica aerosol exposure, such as lung inflammation as well as early identification of silicosis initiation, is of great importance in disease prevention of workers. In this study, to early screen the health condition of the workers who are exposed to respirable silica dusts, an immunoassay lab on a chip (LOC) was designed, developed and fully characterized for analyzing Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) in serum which has been considered as one of the potential biomarkers of lung inflammation or lung damage due to the respirable silica dusts. Sandwich immunoassay of CC16 was performed on the LOC developed with a custom-designed portable analyzer using artificial serums spiked with CC16 protein first and then human serums obtained from the coal mine workers exposed to the respirable silica-containing dusts. The dynamic range of CC16 assay performed on the LOC was in a range of 0.625–20 ng/mL, and the achieved limit of detection (LOD) was around 0.35 ng/mL. The assay results of CC16 achieved from both the developed LOC and the conventional 96 well plate showed a reasonable corelation. The correlation between the conventional reader and the developed portable analyzer was found to be reasonable, resulting in R2 ~ 0.93. This study shows that the LOC developed for the early detection of CC16 can be potentially applied for the development of a field-deployable point-of-care testing (POCT) for the early monitoring of the field workers who are exposed to silica aerosol.

早期发现肺部对二氧化硅气溶胶暴露的反应,如肺部炎症以及早期识别矽肺病的发病,对工人的疾病预防具有重要意义。为了早期筛查暴露于可吸入二氧化硅粉尘的工人的健康状况,本研究设计、开发了一种免疫分析芯片实验室(LOC),用于分析血清中被认为是可吸入二氧化硅粉尘引起肺部炎症或肺损伤的潜在生物标志物之一的Clara细胞蛋白16 (CC16)。CC16的夹心免疫测定采用定制的便携式分析仪,首先使用添加CC16蛋白的人工血清,然后使用从暴露于可呼吸性含二氧化硅粉尘的煤矿工人中提取的人血清。CC16测定的LOC动态范围为0.625 ~ 20 ng/mL,检出限(LOD)约为0.35 ng/mL。CC16的测定结果与常规96孔板具有较好的相关性。发现传统阅读器与研制的便携式分析仪的相关性合理,R2 ~ 0.93。这项研究表明,为早期检测CC16而开发的LOC可以潜在地应用于开发现场可部署的护理点测试(POCT),用于早期监测暴露于二氧化硅气溶胶的现场工作人员。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical characterization and optimization of the acoustic device for heterogeneous immunoassays 异质免疫测定声学装置的数值表征和优化
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02676-x
Yingqi Meng, Yupan Wu

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, enhancing the transport of analyte to a sensor surface is crucial for rapid detection of biomolecules, since common conditions including low diffusion coefficients cause inordinately long detection times. SAW-based method owns low propagation loss, low power consumption, and ease of integration. However, the microstreaming effect is not stable and predictable using the bubble-induced acoustofluidic mixers. There is a strong need for developing efficient and robust acoustic devices for enhancing immunoassays. We herein take advantage of dual SAW streaming flow to enhance a continuous and non-invasive mixing of the target molecule with the immobilized antibody region. Acoustic streaming flow is utilized to stir the flow field in the micro-chamber, accelerate the transport of analyte to the functionalized surface and simultaneously minimize the localized target depletion. Using simulations, an optimized design of the proposed microfluidic chip is proposed based on the immunoassay enhancement by investigating the influences of the position of the reaction surface, the chamber height, the excitation frequency, the applied voltage, the antibody concentration, and the reaction rate on the binding performance. To the best of authors’ knowledge, it is the first investigation of enhancing immunoassays in SAW-based devices by optimizing the key parameters using simulations. As a result, the sensor target interaction can be enhanced and the nonspecific molecules can be simultaneously displaced from the reaction surface. The current Acoustic streaming flow assisted immunoassay technology can also be extended to other proteins, DNA and cell analysis.

在2019冠状病毒病流行的背景下,加强分析物到传感器表面的运输对于快速检测生物分子至关重要,因为低扩散系数等常见条件会导致检测时间过长。基于saw的方法具有传播损耗小、功耗低、易于集成等优点。然而,气泡诱导声流混合器的微流效应并不稳定和可预测。目前迫切需要开发高效、稳健的声学设备来增强免疫分析。在此,我们利用双SAW流来增强目标分子与固定抗体区域的连续和非侵入性混合。利用声流来搅拌微腔内的流场,加速分析物向功能化表面的传输,同时最大限度地减少局部目标损耗。通过仿真,研究了反应面位置、腔室高度、激发频率、外加电压、抗体浓度和反应速率对微流控芯片结合性能的影响,提出了基于免疫分析增强的微流控芯片优化设计方案。据作者所知,这是第一次通过模拟优化关键参数来增强基于saw的设备的免疫测定的研究。因此,可以增强传感器与靶标的相互作用,同时将非特异性分子从反应表面移出。目前的声流辅助免疫分析技术还可以扩展到其他蛋白质、DNA和细胞分析。
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引用次数: 0
Maximizing flow rate in single paper layer, rapid flow microfluidic paper-based analytical devices 最大限度地提高单层纸的流速,快速流动的微流体纸基分析设备。
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02679-8
Iain Macleod Briongos, Zachary D. Call, Charles S. Henry, David L. Bark Jr.

Small, single-layer microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) offer potential for a range of point-of-care applications; however, they have been limited to low flow rates. Here, we investigate the role of laser cutting paper channels in maximizing flow rate in small profile devices with limited fluid volumes. We demonstrate that branching, laser-cut grooves can provide a 59.23–73.98% improvement in flow rate over a single cut, and a 435% increase over paper alone. These design considerations can be applied to more complex microfluidic devices with the aim of increasing the flow rate, and could be used in stand-alone channels for self-pumping.

小型单层微流体纸基分析设备(µPAD)为一系列护理点应用提供了潜力;然而,它们被限制在低流速。在这里,我们研究了激光切割纸通道在流体体积有限的小型设备中最大化流速的作用。我们证明,与单次切割相比,分支激光切割凹槽的流速可提高59.23-73.98%,与单独的纸张相比,流速可提高435%。这些设计考虑因素可以应用于更复杂的微流体设备,目的是提高流速,并可用于独立的自泵通道。补充信息:在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s10404-023-02679-8上获得。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study on the dynamics of droplet impacting on solid surface 液滴撞击固体表面动力学的实验研究
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02680-1
Jiangfeng Li, Chen Zhao, Chengyao Wang

An experimental visualization is undertaken to investigate the impact dynamic behaviors of water, absolute ethanol, and low surface energy droplets with different viscosities impacting on hydrophobic surfaces. Droplets’ impacting behaviors, including spreading, rebounding, and oscillation retraction, are observed and quantitatively characterized by transient spreading factor and maximum spreading diameter. Effects of droplet impact velocity, surface wettability, and droplet viscosity on the impact dynamics are explored and analyzed. As the droplet impact velocity increases, the droplet kinetic energy increases, resulting in an increase in the spreading factor and spreading velocity simultaneously. Hydrophobic surfaces are not easy to be wetted by water droplets due to their low surface energy, leading to the partial rebound of water droplets when impacting on the hydrophobic surfaces. However, this phenomenon does not occur when low surface energy droplets, such as absolute ethanol and simethicone, impact on hydrophobic surfaces at the same velocity. The increasing droplet viscosity enhances the viscous dissipation, slowing down the impact process and inhibiting the droplet spreading, oscillation, and retraction behaviors. Based on the energy conservation method, a universal model for the maximum spreading factor of low surface energy droplets with different viscosities impacting on hydrophobic surface was established. According to the experimental results, a new spreading time model tm = 2D0/U0 was proposed to enhance applicability of the model for low surface energy droplets with high viscosity, reducing the calculation error to less than 10%.

通过实验可视化研究了不同粘度的水、无水乙醇和低表面能液滴对疏水表面的冲击动力学行为。通过瞬态扩散因子和最大扩散直径对液滴的扩散、回弹和振荡收缩等冲击行为进行了观察和定量表征。探讨和分析了液滴撞击速度、表面润湿性和液滴粘度对撞击动力学的影响。随着液滴撞击速度的增大,液滴动能增大,导致扩散系数和扩散速度同时增大。疏水表面由于表面能低,不易被水滴润湿,导致水滴撞击疏水表面时发生部分回弹。然而,当低表面能的液滴,如无水乙醇和西甲硅氧烷,以相同的速度撞击疏水表面时,就不会出现这种现象。液滴粘度的增加增强了黏性耗散,减缓了冲击过程,抑制了液滴的扩散、振荡和收缩行为。基于能量守恒法,建立了不同粘度低表面能液滴对疏水表面影响的最大扩散因子的通用模型。根据实验结果,提出了一种新的扩散时间模型tm = 2D0/U0,提高了模型对高粘度低表面能液滴的适用性,将计算误差降低到10%以下。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-polymerase chain reaction for point-of-care detection and beyond: a review microfluidics and nanofluidics 微聚合酶链反应用于即时检测及其他:微流体和纳米流体的综述
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02677-w
Gamze Tilbe İnce, Mehmet Yüksekkaya, Orhan Erdem Haberal

Miniaturization of biological and chemical analytical devices with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology is important for medical diagnosis, microbial recognition, and other biological analysis. Current or emerging infectious diseases increase the need for point-of-care testing (POCT) to increase timely diagnosis and treatment. Among the various nucleic acid amplification methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been the most used method due to its simplicity. MEMS and microfluidic technologies enable PCR processes to be miniaturized in a chip. A miniaturized microfluidic chip is a small device that can limit and flow a specific volume of fluid into micro-sized channels. Microfluidic chip has potential benefits such as speed, cost, portability, efficiency, and automation. In addition to these benefits, multifunctional POCT PCR devices based on microfluidics technology can help with clinical diagnosis in underdeveloped nations that need a centralized health care system. In this review, conventional PCR method and the recent advances in microfluidic PCR amplification technologies, including its usage for POCT, are discussed. Current studies in commercialization of microfluidic PCR devices are presented. POCT has become very important during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic; therefore, the applications that evolved with combined use of POCT, PCR, and microfluidics during the COVID-19 pandemic were also covered.

采用微机电系统(MEMS)技术的生物和化学分析设备的小型化对于医学诊断、微生物识别和其他生物分析非常重要。当前或新出现的传染病增加了对护理点检测(POCT)的需求,以增加及时诊断和治疗。在各种核酸扩增方法中,聚合酶链反应(PCR)因其简便而成为应用最多的方法。MEMS和微流体技术使PCR过程在芯片中小型化。微型微流控芯片是一种可以限制特定体积的流体流入微尺寸通道的小型装置。微流控芯片具有速度快、成本低、便携、高效、自动化等优点。除了这些好处之外,基于微流体技术的多功能POCT PCR装置可以帮助需要集中医疗保健系统的不发达国家进行临床诊断。本文综述了传统PCR方法和微流控PCR扩增技术的最新进展,包括其在POCT中的应用。介绍了目前微流控PCR装置商业化的研究情况。POCT在冠状病毒病(COVID-19)流行期间变得非常重要;因此,在COVID-19大流行期间,POCT、PCR和微流控技术的结合应用也被涵盖。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of geometrical confinement on the generation of droplets at microfluidics T-junctions with rectangle channels 几何约束对矩形通道微流体T形接头液滴产生的影响
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02678-9
Kui He, Zhiling Zhang, Liangzhen Zhang, Wuzhi Yuan, Si-Min Huang

Despite the fact that there are not a few relative studies, the effects of geometrical confinement on droplets’ generation at micro-T-junctions are not explicitly addressed. A three-dimensional volume of fluid (VOF) CFD model is developed here to study this classic microfluidics problem. The micro-T-junctions are designed with arms of a same hydraulic diameter but different width-to-depth ratios ((chi ) = 1/10–10), covering both deep-style ((chi <1)) and flat-style T-junctions ((chi >1)). It is found that the width-to-depth ratio (confinement style) shows complex effects on the dynamics of droplets’ generation. At (chi le 1/10), droplets are failed to be generated at the T-junctions. Compared to the normal T-junctions ((chi >1)), the deep-style T-junctions ((1/6<chi <) 1) show much higher generation frequency of droplets at ({mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}>0.06) and the volume of generated droplets scales with ({{mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}}^{-1}) instead of typical ({{mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}}^{-0.33}). The comparative study of two paired T-junctions with reciprocal width-to-depth ratio (e.g., a deep-style T-junction, (chi ) = 1/3 and a flat-style T-junction, (chi ) = 3) explicitly illustrates that the geometrical confinement stabilizes the generation dynamics of droplets at T-junctions. The mechanism for the stabilization effect is discussed. It provides some new insights in terms of designing devices of droplets’ generation.

尽管有不少相关的研究,但几何约束对微t结液滴产生的影响并没有得到明确的解决。本文建立了三维流体体积(VOF) CFD模型来研究这一经典的微流体问题。微型t型接头的设计臂具有相同的液压直径,但宽深比不同((chi ) = 1/10-10),适用于深型((chi <1)))和平型((chi >1))) t型接头。研究发现,宽深比(约束类型)对液滴生成动力学的影响较为复杂。在(chi le 1/10)处,t型结处无法形成液滴。与普通t型结((chi >1))相比,深层t型结((1/6<chi <) 1)在({mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}>0.06)处的液滴生成频率高得多,生成的液滴体积以({{mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}}^{-1})而不是典型的({{mathrm{Ca}}_{mathrm{c}}}^{-0.33})为尺度。通过对具有互宽深比的两个配对t结(如深型t结(chi ) = 1/3和平型t结(chi ) = 3)的比较研究,明确地表明几何约束稳定了t结处液滴的生成动力学。讨论了稳定效果的机理。这为液滴产生装置的设计提供了一些新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Particle separation using modified Taylor’s flow 用改进的泰勒流进行粒子分离
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02675-y
Vivek Kumar, Palak Jain, Ravi Kant Upadhyay, K. S. Bharath, Prashant R. Waghmare

In this study, the separation of micron-size particles from a liquid slug is achieved by using a passive mechanism through Taylor’s flow. We have exploited the recirculation of a fluid along the travelling air–liquid interfaces to align particles in a streamline. Recirculation of concentrated particles is achieved along the centre of the microchannel that aligns with the maximum velocity plane across the channel. The microchannel is fabricated through a four-step manufacturing process to achieve the necessary dimensions and surface chemistry along the side wall of the microchannel. For a flow of liquid, a fully developed flow regime can be witnessed by observing the parabolic velocity profile. The symmetric profile with maximum velocity along the center line of the channel is a depiction of the no-slip boundary at the channel wall. A liquid-repellent solid wall, or a superhydrophobic solid wall, changes the parabolic profile and subsequently, the magnitude and position of maximum velocity changes. Along a channel with one wall of superhydrophobic coating, the profile becomes asymmetric and the shifts location of the maximum velocity from the center of the channel. After introducing a bubble of the same size as the channel width, the bubble also experiences this asymmetry. As famously Taylor flow depicts, the traveling bubble concentrates the particles along a maximum velocity profile which is along the center of the channel towards the wall with slp condition. However, for one wall with slip condition, it facilitates the shift of the stream of particles on the desired side of the center of the channel. This shift is used to guide particles towards one arm of the Y section of the channel located downstream of the flow. To demonstrate this shift in the particle stream, we conducted experiments along two different channels: one with no slip condition, and the second with a coating that exhibits slip condition along the wall.

在这项研究中,微米级颗粒与液体段塞流的分离是通过泰勒流的被动机制实现的。我们利用流体沿流动的气液界面的再循环,使粒子排列成流线。浓缩颗粒的再循环沿着微通道的中心实现,该微通道与通道上的最大速度平面对齐。微通道是通过四步制造工艺制造的,以实现必要的尺寸和表面化学沿着微通道的侧壁。对于液体流动,通过观察抛物线速度分布可以看到一个完全发育的流动型态。沿通道中心线的最大速度对称剖面是通道壁上无滑移边界的描述。拒液固体壁或超疏水固体壁改变了抛物线轮廓,随后,最大速度的大小和位置发生了变化。在有一壁超疏水涂层的通道上,通道轮廓变得不对称,最大速度的位置从通道中心偏移。在引入与通道宽度相同大小的气泡后,气泡也会经历这种不对称。正如著名的泰勒流所描述的那样,在滑移条件下,行进的气泡沿着最大速度剖面沿着通道中心向壁面集中颗粒。然而,对于具有滑移条件的壁面,它有利于颗粒流在通道中心所需一侧的移动。这种位移被用来引导粒子流向位于水流下游的通道Y截面的一个臂。为了证明粒子流中的这种转变,我们沿着两个不同的通道进行了实验:一个没有滑移条件,另一个沿着壁面有滑移条件的涂层。
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引用次数: 0
Focusing the intervention of paper-based microfluidic devices for the forensic investigative purposes 重点介绍了纸基微流体装置在法医调查中的应用
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02674-z
Abhimanyu Harshey, Alok Kumar, Akash Kumar, Tanurup Das, Kriti Nigam, Ankit Srivastava

It is a well-established fact that legally sound evidences are required to prove or disprove any criminal activity. When a particular activity occurs, it leaves a trace out of mutual contact and failure to detect that trace proves the activity did not occur. To enhance the capabilities of the justice system in evaluating evidence, researchers are continuously engaged in the development of novel analytical techniques which provide scientific methodologies for effectively assessing and interpreting the evidence associated with criminal activities. Among the several devices available, paper-based microanalytical devices (μPADs) have attracted the interest of forensic scientists/experts in recent years. These devices are designed with microchannels to which dedicated reagents are added for promoting selective reactions. As a result, they offer a practical and convenient solution for on-site detection of physical evidence, providing ready-to-use capabilities for forensic investigations. This does not only help the investigators in collection of legally sound evidences but also open avenues in apprehending the potential offender who might be present in the scene by detecting the traces. μPADs are inexpensive, simpler to operate, require less chemical consumption, portable, and provides results visible to naked eye. Furthermore, with the aid of digital scoring of color intensity, semi-quantitative results can be generated. This review explains current state of applications and operating chemistry of µPADs involved in analysis of evidences of forensic interest such as explosives, gunshot residue, drugs of abuse, pesticides, body fluids, and estimation of time since death. Furthermore, the research gaps in the domain and viability of future trends for the application of µPADs in forensic science are also presented.

证明或反驳任何犯罪活动都需要法律上可靠的证据,这是一个公认的事实。当特定活动发生时,它会在相互接触中留下痕迹,如果检测不到该痕迹,则证明该活动没有发生。为了提高司法系统评估证据的能力,研究人员不断致力于开发新的分析技术,为有效评估和解释与犯罪活动有关的证据提供科学方法。在现有的几种仪器中,基于纸张的微量分析装置(μ pad)近年来引起了法医科学家/专家的兴趣。这些装置设计有微通道,其中添加专用试剂以促进选择性反应。因此,它们为现场检测物证提供了实用和方便的解决方案,为法医调查提供了随时可用的能力。这不仅有助于调查人员收集合法可靠的证据,而且还为通过检测痕迹来逮捕可能出现在现场的潜在罪犯开辟了道路。μPADs价格低廉,操作简单,需要较少的化学品消耗,便携,并提供肉眼可见的结果。此外,借助色彩强度的数字评分,可以生成半定量结果。这篇综述解释了µpad的应用现状和操作化学,涉及分析法医感兴趣的证据,如爆炸物、枪击残留物、滥用药物、农药、体液和死亡时间的估计。此外,还介绍了该领域的研究差距和µPADs在法医科学中应用的未来趋势的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
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Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
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