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Investigation of the impact of liquid presence on the acoustic streaming generated by a vibrating sharp tip capillary 研究液体存在对振动尖头毛细管产生的声流的影响
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02713-3
Chong Li, Balapuwaduge Lihini Mendis, Lisa Holland, Peng Li

Sharp edge structures have been demonstrated as an efficient way of generating acoustic streaming in microfluidic devices, which finds numerous applications in fluid mixing, pumping, particle actuation, and cell lysis. A sharp tip capillary is widely available means of generating sharp structures without the need of microfabrication, which has been used for studying enzyme kinetics, droplet digital PCR, and mass spectrometry analysis. In this work, we studied the influence of liquid inside the vibrating glass capillary on its efficiency of generating acoustic streaming. Using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent particles, we observed that adding liquid to the inside of the vibrating glass capillary changed the streaming patterns as well as led to increased streaming velocity. Based on the observed streaming patterns, we hypothesized the liquid present in the capillary changed vibration mode of the capillary, which is matched with COMSOL simulations. Finally, the utility of the liquid filled vibrating capillary was demonstrated for higher energy efficiency for fluid mixing and mass spectrometry experiments. This study will provide useful guidance when optimizing the efficiency of vibrating sharp tip capillary systems.

摘要 尖锐边缘结构已被证明是在微流体设备中产生声流的一种有效方法,在流体混合、泵送、粒子驱动和细胞裂解方面应用广泛。锐尖毛细管是一种无需微加工即可产生锐尖结构的广泛手段,已被用于研究酶动力学、液滴数字 PCR 和质谱分析。在这项工作中,我们研究了振动玻璃毛细管内部液体对其产生声流效率的影响。利用荧光显微镜和荧光颗粒,我们观察到在振动玻璃毛细管内部添加液体改变了流模式,并提高了流速度。根据观察到的流型,我们推测毛细管中的液体改变了毛细管的振动模式,这与 COMSOL 仿真结果相吻合。最后,我们证明了充满液体的振动毛细管在流体混合和质谱分析实验中具有更高的能效。这项研究将为优化振动尖头毛细管系统的效率提供有用的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Model order reduction for the 1D Boltzmann-BGK equation: identifying intrinsic variables using neural networks 减少一维波兹曼-BGK方程的模型阶次:利用神经网络识别内在变量
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02711-5
Julian Koellermeier, Philipp Krah, Julius Reiss, Zachary Schellin

Kinetic equations are crucial for modeling non-equilibrium phenomena, but their computational complexity is a challenge. This paper presents a data-driven approach using reduced order models (ROM) to efficiently model non-equilibrium flows in kinetic equations by comparing two ROM approaches: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and autoencoder neural networks (AE). While AE initially demonstrate higher accuracy, POD’s precision improves as more modes are considered. Notably, our work recognizes that the classical POD model order reduction approach, although capable of accurately representing the non-linear solution manifold of the kinetic equation, may not provide a parsimonious model of the data due to the inherently non-linear nature of the data manifold. We demonstrate how AEs are used in finding the intrinsic dimension of a system and to allow correlating the intrinsic quantities with macroscopic quantities that have a physical interpretation.

摘要 动力方程是模拟非平衡现象的关键,但其计算复杂性是一项挑战。本文通过比较两种 ROM 方法:适当正交分解(POD)和自动编码器神经网络(AE),提出了一种数据驱动的方法,即使用减阶模型(ROM)对动力学方程中的非平衡流动进行有效建模。AE 最初表现出更高的精度,而 POD 的精度则随着考虑的模式增多而提高。值得注意的是,我们的工作认识到,经典的 POD 模型阶次缩减方法虽然能够准确表示动力学方程的非线性解流形,但由于数据流形本身的非线性性质,它可能无法提供一个简洁的数据模型。我们展示了如何利用 AE 来发现系统的内在维度,并将内在量与具有物理解释的宏观量联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Electroosmosis and peristaltic mechanism in a symmetric channel flow 对称通道流中的电渗和蠕动机制
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02712-4
Saima Noreen, Sidra Batool, Dharmendra Tripathi

In this work, the combined impacts of electroosmosis and peristaltic processes are investigated to better understand the behavior of fluid flow in a symmetric channel. The Poisson–Boltzmann equation is included into the Navier–Stokes equations to account for the electrokinetic effects in micropolar fluid model. The fluid motion caused by electric fields is effectively described by incorporating electrokinetic variables in these equations. Under the premise of a low Reynolds number and small amplitude, the linearized equations are resolved. Partial differential equations are solved to yield analytical formulations for the velocity and pressure fields. As opposed to earlier research, our analysis explores the combined impacts of electroosmosis and peristaltic motion in symmetric channels. By considering these mechanisms together, we gain a comprehensive understanding of fluid movement and manipulation in microchannels. According to research on modifying the properties of fluid flow, zeta potential, applied voltage, and channel shape all affect the velocity of electroosmotic flow. In addition, the flow rate is impacted by the peristaltic motion-induced periodic pressure changes. In addition, the combined effects of peristalsis and electroosmosis show promise for accurate and efficient regulation of fluid flow in microchannels. The study reveals that the micropolar parameter modifications (0–100) have little effect whereas adjusting the coupling parameter (0–1) modifies electroosmotic peristaltic flow. Center streamlines are trapped and then aligned in a length-dependent way by the interaction of electric fields. Several microfluidic applications, including mixing, pumping, and particle manipulation, are affected by the findings of this research. The electroosmosis and peristaltic processes may be understood and used to create sophisticated microfluidic devices and lab-on-a-chip systems. This development has the potential to greatly improve performance and functionality in industries like chemical analysis, biomedical engineering, and other areas needing precise fluid control at the microscale.

在这项工作中,研究了电渗和蠕动过程的综合影响,以更好地理解对称通道中的流体流动行为。在纳维-斯托克斯方程中加入了泊松-波尔兹曼方程,以考虑微极性流体模型中的电动效应。通过在这些方程中加入电动变量,可以有效地描述电场引起的流体运动。在低雷诺数和小振幅的前提下,线性化方程得到了解决。通过求解偏微分方程,可以得到速度场和压力场的解析公式。与之前的研究不同,我们的分析探讨了对称通道中电渗透和蠕动运动的综合影响。通过综合考虑这些机制,我们对微通道中的流体运动和操控有了全面的了解。根据有关改变流体流动特性的研究,zeta 电位、外加电压和通道形状都会影响电渗流动的速度。此外,蠕动引起的周期性压力变化也会影响流速。此外,蠕动和电渗的综合效应为精确、高效地调节微通道中的流体流动带来了希望。研究发现,微极性参数(0-100)的调整几乎没有影响,而耦合参数(0-1)的调整却能改变电渗蠕动流。在电场的相互作用下,中心流线被截留,然后以长度相关的方式排列。这项研究成果影响了多种微流体应用,包括混合、泵送和粒子操纵。电渗和蠕动过程可被理解并用于创建复杂的微流体设备和片上实验室系统。这一发展有可能大大提高化学分析、生物医学工程等行业的性能和功能,以及其他需要在微尺度上精确控制流体的领域的性能和功能。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular dynamics study of electro-osmotic flow in a nanochannel with molybdenum disulfide walls 具有二硫化钼壁的纳米通道中电渗透流的分子动力学研究
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02709-z
S. M. Kazem Manzoorolajdad, Hossein Hamzehpour, Jalal Sarabadani

The electro-osmotic flow (EOF) in a neutral system consisting of an aqueous NaCl solution confined in a nanochannel with two parallel Molybdenum disulfide ((text {MoS}_{text {2}})) walls and in the presence of an external electric field parallel to the channel walls, is investigated for the first time. The results indicate that the thickness of the Stern layer grows as the negative electric surface charge density on the nanochannel walls increases. The Stern layer becomes thinner as the salt concentration is increased. Moreover, the EOF occurs under the no-slip condition on the walls. In addition, by increasing the surface charge density the average of the flow velocity across the nanochannel initially grows (Debye–Hückel regime) and reaches its maximum value. Then, by further increasing the surface charge density the water flow rate decreases (intermediate regime), and gets the zero value and becomes negative (reverse flow regime) at even larger values of the surface charge densities. Comparing the results of the previous work wherein the channels are composed of the black phosphorene walls with those of the present study for a channel composed of (text {MoS}_{text {2}}) surfaces, show that for the latter case the reverse flow occurs at a lower surface charge density and with a greater value of the peak velocity with respect to the change in the surface charge density for the former case.

本文首次研究了中性系统中的电渗流(EOF),该系统由封闭在具有两个平行二硫化钼((text {MoS}_{text {2}})壁的纳米通道中的氯化钠水溶液组成,并且存在与通道壁平行的外部电场。结果表明,随着纳米通道壁上负电表面电荷密度的增加,斯特恩层的厚度也在增加。盐浓度越高,斯特恩层越薄。此外,EOF 发生在通道壁无滑动条件下。此外,随着表面电荷密度的增加,纳米通道上的平均流速开始增长(Debye-Hückel 状态)并达到最大值。然后,随着表面电荷密度的进一步增大,水流速度会减小(中间机制),当表面电荷密度值更大时,水流速度会变为零值或负值(逆流机制)。比较前一项研究中由黑色磷烯壁构成的通道与本研究中由(text {MoS}_{text {2}/})表面构成的通道的结果,可以发现对于后一种情况,反向流动发生在较低的表面电荷密度下,并且与前一种情况的表面电荷密度变化相比,峰值速度值更大。
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引用次数: 0
Stiffness estimation and classification of biological cells using constriction microchannel: poroelastic model and machine learning 利用收缩微通道对生物细胞进行刚度估算和分类:孔弹性模型和机器学习
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02710-6
S. A. Haider, G. Kumar, T. Goyal, A. Raj

Mathematical and computational models linking cell mechanical properties with deformation are crucial for understanding cellular behavior. While various techniques measure the stiffness and viscosity of cells, recent experiments suggest that cells exhibit poroelastic behavior, characterized by solid mesh networks immersed in cytosol liquid (Moeendarbary et al. in Nat Mater 12:253–261, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3517). Despite this, a mathematical model relating poroelastic cell deformation and Young's modulus of solid networks has not been reported. This study presents the first poroelasticity-based mathematical model for relating cell deformation with Young’s modulus of solid mesh networks. The model is validated by utilizing the experimental data of the cell’s squeezing behavior through a constriction microchannel. The predicted Young’s modulus for HeLa, MCF-10A, and MDA MB-231 cell lines are 153.64 ± 60.3 kPa, 97.84 ± 41.7 kPa, and 67.9 ± 48.8 kPa, respectively, which matches well with the conventional measurements. Additionally, two artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed which predicted Young's modulus and viscosity for these cell lines based on migration and deformation characteristics through constriction microchannel, achieving high accuracy (R ~ 0.974 and R ~ 0.999, respectively). Further, a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) model classified cell lines based on initial diameter and elongation in the constriction microchannel measured from static images. The combined analytical and computational approach proposed here offers direct quantitative estimates of cell mechanical properties and cell classification based on their squeezing behavior through constriction microchannel.

摘要 将细胞机械特性与变形联系起来的数学和计算模型对于理解细胞行为至关重要。虽然有多种技术可以测量细胞的硬度和粘度,但最近的实验表明,细胞表现出孔弹性行为,其特征是浸泡在细胞液中的固体网状网络(Moeendarbary 等人,发表于 Nat Mater 12:253-261, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3517)。尽管如此,有关孔弹性细胞变形和固体网络杨氏模量的数学模型尚未见报道。本研究首次提出了基于孔弹性的数学模型,将细胞变形与固体网格网络的杨氏模量联系起来。该模型利用细胞通过收缩微通道的挤压行为的实验数据进行了验证。预测的 HeLa、MCF-10A 和 MDA MB-231 细胞系的杨氏模量分别为 153.64 ± 60.3 kPa、97.84 ± 41.7 kPa 和 67.9 ± 48.8 kPa,与传统测量结果十分吻合。此外,还建立了两个人工神经网络(ANN)模型,根据通过收缩微通道的迁移和变形特征预测这些细胞系的杨氏模量和粘度,准确度很高(R ~ 0.974 和 R ~ 0.999)。此外,线性支持向量机(SVM)模型根据静态图像测量的收缩微通道初始直径和伸长率对细胞系进行了分类。本文提出的分析与计算相结合的方法可直接定量估计细胞的机械特性,并根据细胞在收缩微通道中的挤压行为对细胞进行分类。
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引用次数: 0
Study on characteristics of microchannel jet for showerhead in different fluid regimes based on hybrid NS-DSMC methodology 基于混合 NS-DSMC 方法的不同流体状态下淋浴喷头微通道射流特性研究
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02705-9
Wansuo Liu, Xiangji Yue, Zeng Lin

The uniformity of the deposition in the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process is greatly influenced by the uniform effect of the microchannels in the showerhead. Most of the previous studies on showerheads have primarily focused on the axial-direction of microchannels. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the influence of radial changes and different flow regimes on the flow characteristics of microchannels. In this paper, we utilized the coupling of the Navier–Stokes and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (NS-DSMC) methods to compare the differences between expansion type microchannels and equal-diameter type microchannels in the slip and transition regimes. The results indicate that in the slip flow regime, the microchannel of equal diameter exhibits a stronger jet compared to the expansion type. However, this situation reverses as the slip flow regime transitions to the transition regime. This reflects the influence of the flow regime on the characteristics of the microchannel and the potential of the combined type to enhance deposition uniformity.

等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)工艺中沉积的均匀性在很大程度上受到喷淋头中微通道均匀效果的影响。以往对喷淋头的研究大多主要集中在微通道的轴向方向。然而,关于径向变化和不同流态对微通道流动特性影响的比较研究还很缺乏。本文利用纳维-斯托克斯和直接模拟蒙特卡罗(NS-DSMC)方法的耦合,比较了膨胀型微通道和等径型微通道在滑移和过渡状态下的差异。结果表明,在滑移流动状态下,与膨胀型微通道相比,等直径微通道表现出更强的射流。然而,当滑移流态过渡到过渡流态时,这种情况发生了逆转。这反映了流态对微通道特性的影响,以及组合型微通道提高沉积均匀性的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of sperm cell motion in high viscosity Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids using a microfluidic channel 利用微流体通道分析精子细胞在高粘度牛顿和非牛顿流体中的运动情况
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-024-02707-1
Dhiraj B. Puri, Sumit Sunil Kumar, Vadiraj Hemadri, Arnab Banerjee, Siddhartha Tripathi

The migration of sperm cells in a female reproductive tract is responsible for the successful fertilization of the female egg. In this research work, the effect of the surrounding fluids on the motion of sperm cells has been studied using a microfluidic channel. To analyze the motility of sperm, primary motility parameters such as velocity, beat frequency, amplitude, and derived parameters such as linearity, straightness, and wobble have been measured. The results indicate that sperms possess higher progressive motility in non-Newtonian fluids compared to Newtonian fluids in the same viscosity range. The motion of the sperm shows an inverse relationship between the amplitude of the head trajectory and the beat frequency of the flagella. Numerical studies were performed to measure the drag force on these sperm. The trajectories of the flagella, forces acting on sperm, power generated, pulling power, and efficiency of the sperm motion through the fluid medium have been investigated and a relationship between the force and rotation of the flagella has been established. The results show that the flagella also change their shape based on the properties of the surrounding fluid. This study aims to improve our understanding of issues related to infertility diagnosis and help design in-vitro experiments required for sperm separation.

精子细胞在女性生殖道中的迁移是女性卵子成功受精的关键。在这项研究工作中,利用微流体通道研究了周围液体对精子细胞运动的影响。为了分析精子的运动情况,测量了精子的主要运动参数,如速度、跳动频率、振幅,以及衍生参数,如线性、直线度和摆动。结果表明,与相同粘度范围内的牛顿流体相比,精子在非牛顿流体中具有更高的渐进运动能力。精子的运动显示出头部轨迹振幅与鞭毛跳动频率之间的反比关系。对这些精子的阻力进行了数值研究。研究了鞭毛的轨迹、作用在精子上的力、产生的动力、拉力以及精子在流体介质中的运动效率,并确定了鞭毛的力和旋转之间的关系。研究结果表明,鞭毛也会根据周围液体的性质改变形状。这项研究旨在加深我们对不孕症诊断相关问题的理解,并帮助设计精子分离所需的体外实验。
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引用次数: 0
Label-free cancer cell separation from whole blood on centrifugal microfluidic platform using hydrodynamic technique 利用流体力学技术在离心微流体平台上从全血中分离无标记癌细胞
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02704-w
Chun-Chi Lin, Jui-Chi Tsai, Yi-Zhi Liu, Ju-Nan Kuo

The separation of cancer cells from blood samples is one of the most crucial tasks in cancer research. However, existing methods tend to be expensive and labor intensive. Accordingly, the present study proposes a low-cost platform that uses hydrodynamic effects for the label-free separation of cancer cells from whole blood samples using a simple centrifugal microfluidic device consisting of a Y-shaped microchannel, a contraction–expansion array (CEA) microchannel, and a bifurcation region. To enhance the separation efficiency, the input branches of the Y-shaped microchannel are designed with different widths to generate a sheath flow rate greater than the sample flow rate. As the sample flows through the CEA microchannel, the cancer cells are separated from the blood cells through inertial effects and the bifurcation law. Finally, the cancer cells are collected from the low-flow-rate branch of the bifurcation region. The feasibility of the device is first demonstrated by numerical simulations. Experimental trials are then performed to separate K562 cancer cells from blood samples with various hematocrit concentrations at disk rotational speeds ranging from 1000 to 3000 rpm. The experimental results show that the cancer cells can be successfully separated from a diluted blood sample with a ratio of 1:1.2 × 105 K562 cells to blood cells with a high efficiency of 90% at an angular velocity of 2000 rpm.

从血液样本中分离癌细胞是癌症研究中最关键的任务之一。然而,现有的方法往往成本高昂、劳动强度大。因此,本研究提出了一种利用流体力学效应从全血样本中无标记分离癌细胞的低成本平台,该平台由一个简单的离心微流控装置组成,包括一个 Y 型微通道、一个收缩膨胀阵列(CEA)微通道和一个分叉区。为了提高分离效率,Y 型微通道的输入分支设计成不同的宽度,以产生大于样品流速的鞘状流速。当样品流经 CEA 微通道时,癌细胞通过惯性效应和分叉规律从血细胞中分离出来。最后,从分叉区域的低流速分支收集癌细胞。首先通过数值模拟证明了该装置的可行性。然后进行实验,在圆盘转速为 1000 至 3000 转/分钟的条件下,从不同血细胞比容浓度的血液样本中分离 K562 癌细胞。实验结果表明,在角速度为 2000 rpm 时,可以成功地从 K562 细胞与血细胞比例为 1:1.2 × 105 的稀释血液样本中分离出癌细胞,分离效率高达 90%。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Computation of flow rates in rarefied gas flow through circular tubes via machine learning techniques 更正:通过机器学习技术计算稀薄气体流经圆管时的流速
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02706-8
F. Sofos, C. Dritselis, S. Misdanitis, T. Karakasidis, D. Valougeorgis
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引用次数: 0
Superhydrophobic treatment of PDMS-based microfluidic devices using CO2 laser ablation 利用二氧化碳激光烧蚀技术对基于 PDMS 的微流控设备进行超疏水处理
IF 2.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-023-02698-5
Zhang Yajun, Liu Jingji, Yumeng Xie, Kunming Liang, Zhe Zhang, Chen Yang, Fan Yiqiang

This study proposed a two-step simple method for rapid superhydrophobic surface modification of PDMS for PDMS-based microfluidics. A laser-patterned PMMA plate was used as the mask for the following selective CO2 laser surface treatment on PDMS. The water contact angle, SEM and ATR-FTIR analysis were conducted for the characterization of the proposed superhydrophobic surface modification method for PDMS. The result shows that the water contact angle on the modified PDMS surface reaches around 160° with the laser power of 12 W and with a scanning speed of 60 mm/s. This method aims to develop a faster, easier, and low-cost method for selective superhydrophobic modification method for PDMS-based microfluidic devices. The proposed method could have wide applications potentials in the microfluidics field, especially for PDMS-based droplet microfluidics.

本研究提出了一种分两步对 PDMS 进行快速超疏水表面改性的简单方法,用于基于 PDMS 的微流控技术。以激光刻制的 PMMA 板为掩膜,对 PDMS 进行选择性 CO2 激光表面处理。对所提出的 PDMS 超疏水表面改性方法进行了水接触角、扫描电镜和 ATR-FTIR 分析。结果表明,在激光功率为 12 W、扫描速度为 60 mm/s 的条件下,改性后的 PDMS 表面的水接触角达到 160°左右。该方法旨在为基于 PDMS 的微流控器件开发一种更快、更简便、更低成本的选择性超疏水改性方法。该方法在微流控领域,尤其是基于 PDMS 的液滴微流控领域具有广泛的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
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