Nano Convergence最新文献

英文中文

AI and the social construction of creativity 人工智能与创造力的社会建构

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231187730

Dr Paul Atkinson, Dr Richie Barker

Artificial Intelligence (AI) encroaches on new terrains of human activity by dint of its efficacy and an expanding ability to autonomously incorporate information from many disciplines and sources. In this paper, we focus specifically on how AI affects the communicative practices associated with creativity. AI has the capacity to reshape discipline and taste communities by providing new content that competes with human production and by mediating between human activity and information sources. To frame these issues, we turn to the influential systems model of creativity devised by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1996), which Csikszentmihalyi and Daniel Gruner (2018) recently extended to incorporate AI, redubbing it Creativity 4.0. The model assesses how AI affects the social structure of creative practice without overly accentuating the similarity between humans and AI, or questioning whether computational devices will replace creative jobs. The paper examines Gruner and Csikszentmihalyi’s revised systems model, arguing that it does not sufficiently take into account the variety of ways that AI can be incorporated into creative practice. Prompted by a theoretical reflection on the nature of the model and the emerging features of AI, we propose a new version of the model that highlights how embedded AIs play a key role in filtering and gatekeeping, as well as the importance of generative systems in informing creative practice. We propose that any discussion of AI and the future of creative practice should look at where and how AI supported technologies are used. We examine how AI can reduce and shape the qualitative diversity of sources of inspiration drawn into the creative process, with the associated technological biases, as well as provide an emergent platform for the development of novel ideas.

人工智能(AI)凭借其有效性和自主整合来自许多学科和来源的信息的不断扩大的能力，正在蚕食人类活动的新领域。在本文中，我们特别关注人工智能如何影响与创造力相关的交际实践。人工智能有能力通过提供与人类生产竞争的新内容，以及在人类活动和信息来源之间进行调解，来重塑学科和品味社区。为了构建这些问题，我们转向Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi(1996)设计的有影响力的创造力系统模型，Csikszentmihalyi和Daniel Gruner(2018)最近扩展了该模型，将人工智能纳入其中，并将其重新命名为创造力4.0。该模型评估了人工智能如何影响创造性实践的社会结构，而没有过度强调人类与人工智能之间的相似性，也没有质疑计算设备是否会取代创造性工作。本文考察了格鲁纳和Csikszentmihalyi修订后的系统模型，认为它没有充分考虑到人工智能可以融入创造性实践的各种方式。在对模型本质和人工智能新特征的理论反思的推动下，我们提出了一个新版本的模型，强调嵌入式人工智能如何在过滤和把关中发挥关键作用，以及生成系统在为创造性实践提供信息方面的重要性。我们建议，任何关于人工智能和创造性实践的未来的讨论都应该关注人工智能支持的技术在哪里以及如何使用。我们研究了人工智能如何减少和塑造创意过程中灵感来源的质量多样性，以及相关的技术偏见，以及为新想法的发展提供一个新兴平台。

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引用次数: 0

The new ethical thinking in CGI immersive journalism CGI沉浸式新闻的新伦理思考

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231176177

Chao-Chen Lin, Y. Hsu

Virtual reality (VR) journalism has become one of the popular formats of journalism, where people experience presence, empathy, and immersion through VR technology in digital environments. Although the term ‘virtual’ may appear to be the opposite of ‘real,’ the boundary between virtuality and reality has become blurred due to the virtual embodiment being part of reality for participants. As VR and real virtuality converge, little is known about the ethical issues in producing computer-generated imagery (CGI) immersive journalism and the viewers’ responses to CGI VR news reporting. Our study applied a concurrent mixed-method approach, including in-depth interviews with eight CGI professionals from the U.K. and a quantitative survey in Taiwan, to understand the production issues, ethical concerns, and audience perceptions toward CGI immersive journalism. Results from the interviews suggested that digital journalists need to rethink their ethical codes, particularly the representation of truth while producing news stories using CGI images and VR. Findings from the post-test survey showed that both immersive presence and interactivity in VR news resulted in a greater formation of believing and motivations to take action regarding the topic presented in the VR news.

虚拟现实(VR)新闻已经成为一种流行的新闻形式，人们通过VR技术在数字环境中体验存在，移情和沉浸。虽然“虚拟”一词似乎是“真实”的对立面，但由于虚拟化身是参与者现实的一部分，虚拟和现实之间的界限已经变得模糊。随着虚拟现实和真实虚拟技术的融合，人们对制作计算机生成图像(CGI)沉浸式新闻的伦理问题以及观众对CGI VR新闻报道的反应知之甚少。我们的研究采用并行混合方法，包括深度访谈八位来自英国的CGI专业人士和台湾的定量调查，以了解制作问题、伦理问题和观众对CGI沉浸式新闻的看法。采访结果表明，数字记者需要重新思考他们的道德准则，特别是在使用CGI图像和VR制作新闻报道时对真相的表达。测试后调查的结果显示，VR新闻中的沉浸感和互动性都导致了对VR新闻中所呈现主题的更大信念和行动动机的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Optical engineering of PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells via Fabry–Perot resonance and distributed Bragg reflectors 基于Fabry-Perot共振和分布式Bragg反射镜的PbS胶体量子点太阳能电池光学工程

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00379-1

Sumin Bae, Matthew Duff, Jun Young Hong, Jung-Kun Lee

A tradeoff between light absorption and charge transport is a well-known issue in PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells because the carrier diffusion length in PbS CQD films is comparable to the thickness of CQD film. We reduce the tradeoff between light absorption and charge transport by combining a Fabry–Perot (FP) resonator and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). A FP resonance is formed between the DBR and a dielectric-metal-dielectric film as a top transparent electrode. A SiO₂-TiO₂ multilayer is used to form a DBR. The FP resonance enhances light absorption near the resonant wavelength of the DBR without changing the CQD film thickness. The light absorption near the FP resonance wavelength is further boosted by coupling the FP resonance with the high reflectivity of the Ag-coated DBR. When the FP resonance and DBR are combined, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PbS CQD solar cells increases by 54%. Moreover, the DBR assisted FP resonance enables a very thin PbS layer to absorb near infrared light four times more. The overall PCE of the thin PbS CQD solar cell increases by 24% without sacrificing the average visible transmittance (AVT). Our results show how to overcome the inherence problem of the CQD and develop a semi-transparent solar cell where the wavelength-selective absorption and the transparency for visible light are important.

由于载流子在PbS胶体量子点(CQD)薄膜中的扩散长度与CQD薄膜的厚度相当，因此在光吸收和电荷输移之间的权衡是PbS胶体量子点(CQD)太阳能电池中众所周知的问题。我们通过结合Fabry-Perot (FP)谐振器和分布式Bragg反射器(DBR)来减少光吸收和电荷输运之间的权衡。在DBR和作为顶部透明电极的介电-金属-介电膜之间形成FP共振。采用SiO2-TiO2多层膜形成DBR。在不改变CQD薄膜厚度的情况下，FP共振增强了DBR谐振波长附近的光吸收。通过将FP共振与ag包覆DBR的高反射率耦合，进一步提高了FP共振波长附近的光吸收。当FP共振和DBR相结合时，PbS CQD太阳能电池的功率转换效率(PCE)提高54%。此外，DBR辅助FP共振使非常薄的PbS层吸收近红外光的能力增加四倍。在不牺牲平均可见光透过率(AVT)的情况下，薄PbS CQD太阳能电池的整体PCE提高了24%。我们的研究结果显示了如何克服CQD的固有问题，并开发出一种半透明太阳能电池，其中波长选择性吸收和可见光透明度是重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Podcasting and ethics: Independent podcast production in New Zealand 播客和道德:新西兰的独立播客制作

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231187725

Lewis Tennant

In New Zealand – like in the US and UK – independently produced podcasts fall outside of local media regulations. New Zealand’s media laws and regulatory bodies remain broadcast and legacy media-focussed, so podcast content that has not been previously broadcast is not regulated or otherwise overseen. In the absence of regulation, this study explores the ways nine independent podcast producers from New Zealand self-govern their content, as well as their motivations for doing so. It is an investigation of the ways ‘amateur’ content producers approach media ethics, and more broadly podcast production in practice. Not guided or bound by formal publishing or editorial responsibilities, and mostly with no formal media training, study participants demonstrate adherence to journalistic principles. They consider ethical and editorial quandaries as they arise during the production process, factoring in the needs and disposition of their audience. This process is informed by their worldview, as well as their perspectives and experiences as media consumers. Though these podcasters champion the ethos of independent podcasting, the content of their shows is not free from third party influence. These podcasters are also parents, partners, employees, and colleagues; life roles that inform the content of their show. Though they push back against podcasting being legislated, these podcasters see value in creating an informal set of guidelines or a voluntary code of practice for podcasting in New Zealand. This project contributes to ongoing explorations of independent podcasting and podcasting practice, focussing on what defines, motivates, and informs self-driven practitioners.

在新西兰，就像在美国和英国一样，独立制作的播客不受当地媒体法规的约束。新西兰的媒体法律和监管机构仍然以广播和传统媒体为重点，因此以前未广播的播客内容不受监管或以其他方式监督。在缺乏监管的情况下，本研究探讨了来自新西兰的9位独立播客制作人自我管理其内容的方式，以及他们这样做的动机。这是对“业余”内容生产者对待媒体道德的方式的调查，更广泛地说，播客生产在实践中。没有正式出版或编辑责任的指导或约束，而且大多数没有接受过正式的媒体培训，研究参与者表现出对新闻原则的遵守。他们考虑在制作过程中出现的道德和编辑困境，考虑到观众的需求和倾向。这个过程是由他们的世界观，以及他们作为媒体消费者的观点和经验所决定的。尽管这些播客拥护独立播客的精神，但他们的节目内容并没有摆脱第三方的影响。这些播客也是父母、伴侣、员工和同事;生活角色，告知他们的节目内容。虽然他们反对将播客立法，但这些播客者认为，为新西兰的播客创建一套非正式的指导方针或自愿的实践准则是有价值的。该项目有助于独立播客和播客实践的持续探索，重点关注是什么定义、激励和通知自我驱动的从业者。

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引用次数: 0

Streaming demand for eSports: Analysis of Counter-strike: Global offensive 电子竞技的流媒体需求:《反恐精英:全球攻势》分析

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231187359

Thadeu Gasparetto, Artem S. Safronov

The eSports industry is growing at a rapid pace. The expansion of streaming services such as Twitch and YouTube Live played an important role in this leap and greatly contributed to the rise in popularity of electronic sports. Despite this success, there is no research on the topic of streaming demand of eSports to date. This paper aims to fill this gap using a demand approach of traditional sports to analyze the streaming demand of an eSports discipline, the Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. The dataset comprises 865 matches between 2018 and 2021. Multiple Linear Regressions are taken as econometric tools. Main findings indicate that eSports enthusiasts value factors such as quality of tournament, match quality, and individual skill of the athletes when watching matches. In addition, the obtained results reveal that the Uncertainty of Outcome plays a significant role at streaming broadcasts of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, where viewers prefer to watch those games in which there is a high level of competitiveness between the participants. Current research contributes to the existing eSports literature with a new framework for analyzing streaming demand. The empirical findings could be of the interest of tournament organizers as well as streaming platforms for maximizing audiences.

电子竞技产业正在快速发展。Twitch和YouTube Live等流媒体服务的扩张在这一飞跃中发挥了重要作用，并极大地促进了电子竞技的普及。尽管取得了这样的成功，但到目前为止还没有关于电子竞技流媒体需求的研究。本文旨在利用传统体育的需求方法来分析电子竞技项目《反恐精英:全球攻势》的流媒体需求，从而填补这一空白。该数据集包括2018年至2021年之间的865场比赛。采用多元线性回归作为计量经济工具。主要研究结果表明，电子竞技爱好者在观看比赛时看重的因素包括赛事质量、比赛质量和运动员的个人技术水平。此外，所获得的结果表明，结果的不确定性在《反恐精英:全球攻势》的流媒体直播中发挥了重要作用，观众更喜欢观看那些参与者之间竞争水平较高的比赛。目前的研究为现有的电子竞技文献提供了一个分析流媒体需求的新框架。这些实证研究结果可能会引起赛事组织者和流媒体平台的兴趣，以最大限度地提高观众人数。

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引用次数: 0

Book review: Left to our own devices: Coping with insecure work in a digital age 书评:留给我们自己的设备:应对数字时代不安全的工作

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231186744

Hiu-Fung Chung

Bailon MR and Holden CL (2021) Tensions of Growth in Collegiate Esports: Legitimacy, Affinity Spaces, and UNM Esports. In Esports Research and its Integration in Education. (pp. 229–243). IGI Global. Collis W (2020) The Book of Esports. Rosetta Books. McClellan GS, Arnett RS and Hueber CM (2020) Esports in Higher Education: Fostering successful StudentAthletes and Successful Programs. Stylus Publishing, LLC.

Bailon MR和Holden CL(2021)大学电子竞技增长的紧张:合法性、亲和力空间和新大学电子竞技。电子竞技研究及其在教育中的整合。(页229 - 243)。IGI全球。colis W(2020)《电子竞技之书》。罗塞塔的书。麦克莱伦GS, Arnett RS和Hueber CM(2020)高等教育中的电子竞技:培养成功的学生运动员和成功的项目。Stylus出版有限责任公司

引用次数: 3

The taste of video: Facebook videos as multi-sensory experiences 视频的味道:Facebook视频作为多感官体验

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231179958

Hadas Schlussel, P. Frosh

Recipe videos are among the most viral genres of videos on social media. Yet, little research has been done on their aesthetic and formal attributes, especially on how they operate within the frameworks of the attention economy and embodied interaction specific to social media interfaces. This paper examines recipe videos published on Tasty, one of the most popular Facebook pages in the world. We analyze these videos through a three-dimensional model that integrates their semiotic characteristics (visual, auditory, and textual), their interactive and haptic qualities, and their invitation to perceptual engagement and sensorimotor response. We conclude that Facebook recipe videos are exemplary of a broader category of social media videos which we call hyper-sensory videos: these create heightened multisensory experiences that take precedence over informational use or narrative involvement. Hyper-sensory videos present a cultural response to broader questions regarding materiality, presence, and embodied relations within a highly mediated social reality.

食谱视频是社交媒体上最受欢迎的视频类型之一。然而，关于它们的美学和形式属性的研究却很少，特别是关于它们如何在注意力经济框架内运作以及特定于社交媒体界面的具体化互动的研究。本文研究了在Tasty上发布的食谱视频，Tasty是世界上最受欢迎的Facebook页面之一。我们通过一个三维模型来分析这些视频，该模型整合了它们的符号学特征(视觉、听觉和文本)、互动性和触觉特性，以及它们对感知参与和感觉运动反应的邀请。我们的结论是，Facebook食谱视频是更广泛的社交媒体视频类别的典范，我们称之为超感官视频:这些视频创造了高度的多感官体验，优先于信息使用或叙事参与。超感官视频在高度中介化的社会现实中呈现出对物质、存在和具体关系等更广泛问题的文化回应。

引用次数: 0

Highly sensitive ultrasound detection using nanofabricated polymer micro-ring resonators 利用纳米聚合物微环谐振器进行高灵敏度超声检测

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00378-2

Youngseop Lee, Hao F. Zhang, Cheng Sun

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging enables noninvasive volumetric imaging of biological tissues by capturing the endogenous optical absorption contrast. Conventional ultrasound detectors using piezoelectric materials have been widely used for transducing ultrasound signals into the electrical signals for PA imaging reconstruction. However, their inherent limitations in detection bandwidth and sensitivity per unit area have unfortunately constrained the performance of PA imaging. Optical based ultrasound detection methods emerge to offer very promising solutions. In particular, polymer micro-ring resonators (MRRs) in the form of integrated photonic circuits (IPC) enable significant reduction for the sensing area to 80 μm in diameter, while maintaining highly sensitive ultrasound detection with noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 0.49 Pa and a broad detection frequency range up to 250 MHz. The continued engineering innovation has further transformed MRRs to be transparent to the light and thus, opens up a wide range of applications, including multi-modality optical microscope with isometric resolution, PA endoscope, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), and more. This review article summarizes and discusses the evolution of polymer MRR design and the associated nanofabrication process for improving the performance of ultrasound detection. The resulting novel imaging applications will also be reviewed and discussed.

光声(PA)成像通过捕获内源性光学吸收对比，使生物组织的非侵入性体积成像成为可能。传统的压电材料超声探测器被广泛用于将超声信号转换成电信号进行PA成像重建。然而，它们在检测带宽和单位面积灵敏度方面的固有局限性，不幸地限制了PA成像的性能。基于光学的超声检测方法的出现提供了非常有前途的解决方案。特别是，集成光子电路(IPC)形式的聚合物微环谐振器(mrr)可以将传感面积显著减小到直径80 μm，同时保持高灵敏度的超声检测，噪声等效压力(NEP)为0.49 Pa，检测频率范围高达250 MHz。持续的工程创新进一步将核磁共振成像转变为对光线透明，从而开辟了广泛的应用，包括具有等距分辨率的多模态光学显微镜，PA内窥镜，光声计算机断层扫描(PACT)等。本文综述并讨论了聚合物MRR设计的发展和相关的纳米加工工艺，以提高超声检测的性能。由此产生的新的成像应用也将进行审查和讨论。

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引用次数: 2

Expanded stereoscopy: Alternative aesthetics for artistic expression in 3D films 扩展立体:3D电影艺术表现的另类美学

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231176182

Max Hattler, Terrie Man-Chi Cheung

3D cinema has been defined by a quest for increased realism and immersion and the recreation of realistic depth perception. However, instead of merely seeing stereo vision as a visual enhancement of 2D cinema, some contemporary moving image artists explore unique types of perceptual illusions and ambiguous perceptions in their stereoscopic films. Through the experimental stereoscopic films of Blake Williams and Kazuhiro Goshima, and interviews with the artists, this paper focuses on the artists’ motivations behind their works and their intended impacts on audiences. Drawing mainly on aesthetic, perceptual and technical perspectives, the paper examines how artists use experimental approaches to stereoscopic imaging and theorises the resulting aesthetics and perceptual forms for S3D films.

3D电影被定义为追求更高的真实感和沉浸感，以及对现实深度感知的再现。然而，一些当代运动影像艺术家并不仅仅将立体视觉视为2D电影的视觉增强，而是在他们的立体电影中探索独特类型的感知错觉和模糊感知。本文通过Blake Williams和Goshima的实验立体电影，以及对艺术家的采访，关注艺术家作品背后的动机以及对观众的预期影响。本文主要从美学、感性和技术角度出发，探讨了艺术家如何使用实验方法来实现立体成像，并将由此产生的S3D电影美学和感性形式理论化。

引用次数: 0

Book review: Understanding Collegiate Esports: A Practitioner’s Guide to Developing Community and Competition 书评:理解大学电子竞技:发展社区和竞争的实践者指南

IF 11.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/13548565231184706

Andrew J. Wilson

, and

引用次数: 0

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