Nano Convergence最新文献_第9页

Manganese oxide nanomaterials: bridging synthesis and therapeutic innovations for cancer treatment 氧化锰纳米材料：癌症治疗合成与治疗创新的桥梁

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00456-z

Sandip Gangadhar Balwe, Dohyeon Moon, Minki Hong, Joon Myong Song

The advent of precision medicine in oncology emphasizes the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies that effectively integrate diagnosis and treatment while minimizing invasiveness. Manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) have emerged as a promising class of nanocarriers in biomedicine, particularly for targeted drug delivery and the therapeutic management of tumors. These nanomaterials are characterized by exceptional responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment (TME), high catalytic efficiency, favorable biodegradability, and advanced capabilities in magnetic resonance imaging. These attributes significantly enhance drug delivery, facilitate real-time bioimaging, and enable early tumor detection, thereby improving the precision and effectiveness of cancer therapies. This review highlights the significant advancements in the synthesis and therapeutic applications of MONs, beginning with a comprehensive overview of key synthetic methods, including thermal decomposition, potassium permanganate reduction, exfoliation, adsorption–oxidation, and hydro/solvothermal techniques. We delve into the preparation of MONs and H–MnO₂-based nanomaterials, emphasizing their chemical properties, surface modifications, and toxicity profiles, which are critical for their clinical application. Moreover, we discuss the notable applications of H–MnO₂-based nanomaterials in pH-responsive drug release, overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR), immunotherapy, and the development of nanovaccines for synergistic cancer treatments. By addressing the current challenges in the clinical translation of MONs, we propose future research directions for overcoming these obstacles. By underscoring the potential of MONs to transform cancer treatment paradigms, this review aims to inspire further investigations into their multifunctional applications in oncology, thus ultimately contributing to more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.

Graphical abstract

肿瘤精准医疗的出现强调了对创新治疗策略的迫切需求，这种策略既能有效整合诊断和治疗，又能最大限度地降低侵入性。氧化锰纳米材料（MONs）已成为生物医学中一类前景广阔的纳米载体，尤其适用于靶向给药和肿瘤治疗管理。这些纳米材料的特点是对肿瘤微环境（TME）反应灵敏、催化效率高、生物降解性好以及磁共振成像功能先进。这些特性大大提高了给药效果，促进了实时生物成像，实现了早期肿瘤检测，从而提高了癌症疗法的精确性和有效性。本综述重点介绍 MONs 在合成和治疗应用方面取得的重大进展，首先全面概述关键合成方法，包括热分解、高锰酸钾还原、剥离、吸附-氧化和水热/溶热技术。我们深入探讨了以 MONs 和 H-MnO₂ 为基础的纳米材料的制备，强调了它们的化学性质、表面改性和毒性特征，这对它们的临床应用至关重要。此外，我们还讨论了 H-MnO₂ 基纳米材料在 pH 值响应型药物释放、克服多药耐药性 (MDR)、免疫疗法以及开发用于协同治疗癌症的纳米疫苗等方面的显著应用。通过探讨 MONs 目前在临床转化中面临的挑战，我们提出了克服这些障碍的未来研究方向。通过强调 MONs 在改变癌症治疗模式方面的潜力，本综述旨在激发人们进一步研究 MONs 在肿瘤学中的多功能应用，从而最终为制定更有效的个性化治疗策略做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip systems for monitoring viral infections 将纳米生物传感器集成到用于监测病毒感染的片上器官系统中

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00455-0

Jiande Zhang, Min-Hyeok Kim, Seulgi Lee, Sungsu Park

The integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip (OoC) models offers a promising advancement in the study of viral infections and therapeutic development. Conventional research methods for studying viral infection, such as two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models, face challenges in replicating the complex and dynamic nature of human tissues. In contrast, OoC systems provide more accurate, physiologically relevant models for investigating viral infections, disease mechanisms, and host responses. Nanobiosensors, with their miniaturized designs and enhanced sensitivity, enable real-time, continuous, in situ monitoring of key biomarkers, such as cytokines and proteins within these systems. This review highlights the need for integrating nanobiosensors into OoC systems to advance virological research and improve therapeutic outcomes. Although there is extensive literature on biosensors for viral infection detection and OoC models for replicating infections, real integration of biosensors into OoCs for continuous monitoring remains unachieved. We discuss the advantages of nanobiosensor integration for real-time tracking of critical biomarkers within OoC models, key biosensor technologies, and current OoC systems relevant to viral infection studies. Additionally, we address the main technical challenges and propose solutions for successful integration. This review aims to guide the development of biosensor-integrated OoCs, paving the way for precise diagnostics and personalized treatments in virological research.

Graphical Abstract

将纳米生物传感器集成到片上器官（OoC）模型中为病毒感染研究和治疗开发提供了一个前景广阔的进步。研究病毒感染的传统方法，如二维细胞培养和动物模型，在复制人体组织的复杂性和动态性方面面临挑战。相比之下，OoC 系统为研究病毒感染、疾病机制和宿主反应提供了更准确、更贴近生理的模型。纳米生物传感器具有微型化设计和更高的灵敏度，可对这些系统中的细胞因子和蛋白质等关键生物标记物进行实时、连续和原位监测。本综述强调了将纳米生物传感器集成到 OoC 系统中以推进病毒学研究和改善治疗效果的必要性。尽管有大量文献介绍了用于病毒感染检测的生物传感器和用于复制感染的 OoC 模型，但真正将生物传感器集成到 OoC 中进行连续监测的工作仍未实现。我们讨论了在 OoC 模型中实时跟踪关键生物标记物的纳米生物传感器集成的优势、关键生物传感器技术以及与病毒感染研究相关的当前 OoC 系统。此外，我们还讨论了主要的技术挑战，并提出了成功集成的解决方案。本综述旨在指导生物传感器集成 OoC 的开发，为病毒学研究中的精确诊断和个性化治疗铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

2D amorphous solids for sub-nanometer scale devices 用于亚纳米级设备的二维非晶固体

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00453-2

Hyeonseo Jang, Hyeonju Kim, Gayoon Kim, Suyeon Cho, Heejun Yang

Amorphous solids are a type of condensed matter characterized by the absence of long-range order in their lattice structure. However, they still exhibit short- or medium-range order, which contributes to their versatile local and global electronic and chemical properties. Recently, 2D amorphous solids have gained attention for their exceptional mechanical and electronic features, which are unattainable in conventional crystalline materials. This review highlights the physical properties of ultrathin 2D amorphous solids, which are formed through covalent bonding and feature polyhedron structures with shared edges and corners. Two notable examples of 2D amorphous solids include honeycomb-structured nanosheets with mixed hybrid orbitals and layered materials with reduced coordination numbers of the elements. We provide an in-depth discussion of (1) the phase transition between crystalline and amorphous phases in 2D solids, (2) advanced synthetic methods for producing high-quality amorphous films with precise thickness control, and (3) the potential applications of sub-nanometer scale 2D amorphous solids. Lastly, we explore their potential to revolutionize the design of highly versatile electronic devices at sub-nanometer scales.

Graphical Abstract

非晶态固体是一种凝聚态物质，其特点是晶格结构中缺乏长程有序性。然而，它们仍然表现出短程或中程有序，这有助于它们具有多变的局部和全局电子和化学特性。最近，二维非晶固体因其特殊的机械和电子特性而备受关注，这是传统晶体材料无法实现的。本综述重点介绍超薄二维非晶固体的物理性质，它们通过共价键形成，具有共边共角的多面体结构。二维非晶固体的两个显著例子包括具有混合混合轨道的蜂巢结构纳米片和元素配位数减少的层状材料。我们深入探讨了：(1) 二维固体中结晶相与非晶相之间的相变；(2) 生产具有精确厚度控制的高质量非晶薄膜的先进合成方法；(3) 亚纳米级二维非晶固体的潜在应用。最后，我们将探讨二维非晶固体在革新亚纳米尺度多功能电子器件设计方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in materials and technologies for digital light processing 3D printing 数字光处理 3D 打印材料和技术的进步。

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00452-3

Jisoo Nam, Miso Kim

Digital light processing (DLP) is a projection-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing technique that attracts increasing attention due to its high resolution and accuracy. The projection-based layer-by-layer deposition in DLP uses precise light control to cure photopolymer resin quickly, providing a smooth surface finish due to the uniform layer curing process. Additionally, the extensive material selection in DLP 3D printing, notably including existing photopolymerizable materials, presents a significant advantage compared with other 3D printing techniques with limited material choices. Studies in DLP can be categorized into two main domains: material-level and system-level innovation. Regarding material-level innovations, the development of photocurable resins with tailored rheological, photocuring, mechanical, and functional properties is crucial for expanding the application prospects of DLP technology. In this review, we comprehensively review the state-of-the-art advancements in DLP 3D printing, focusing on material innovations centered on functional materials, particularly various smart materials for 4D printing, in addition to piezoelectric ceramics and their composites with their applications in DLP. Additionally, we discuss the development of recyclable DLP resins to promote sustainable manufacturing practices. The state-of-the-art system-level innovations are also delineated, including recent progress in multi-materials DLP, grayscale DLP, AI-assisted DLP, and other related developments. We also highlight the current challenges and propose potential directions for future development. Exciting areas such as the creation of photocurable materials with stimuli-responsive functionality, ceramic DLP, recyclable DLP, and AI-enhanced DLP are still in their nascent stages. By exploring concepts like AI-assisted DLP recycling technology, the integration of these aspects can unlock significant opportunities for applications driven by DLP technology. Through this review, we aim to stimulate further interest and encourage active collaborations in advancing DLP resin materials and systems, fostering innovations in this dynamic field.

Graphical abstract

数字光处理（DLP）是一种基于投影的大桶光聚合三维打印技术，因其高分辨率和高精度而受到越来越多的关注。DLP 中基于投影的逐层沉积利用精确的光线控制来快速固化光聚合物树脂，均匀的层固化过程可提供光滑的表面光洁度。此外，与其他材料选择有限的三维打印技术相比，DLP 三维打印技术的材料选择广泛，特别是包括现有的可光聚合材料，具有显著优势。DLP 研究可分为两大领域：材料级创新和系统级创新。关于材料层面的创新，开发具有定制流变、光固化、机械和功能特性的光固化树脂对于拓展 DLP 技术的应用前景至关重要。在本综述中，我们全面回顾了 DLP 3D 打印技术的最新进展，重点关注以功能材料为中心的材料创新，特别是用于 4D 打印的各种智能材料，以及压电陶瓷及其复合材料在 DLP 中的应用。此外，我们还讨论了可回收 DLP 树脂的开发，以促进可持续生产实践。我们还介绍了最先进的系统级创新，包括多材料 DLP、灰度 DLP、人工智能辅助 DLP 及其他相关发展的最新进展。我们还强调了当前面临的挑战，并提出了未来发展的潜在方向。具有刺激响应功能的光硬化材料、陶瓷 DLP、可回收 DLP 和人工智能增强 DLP 等令人兴奋的领域仍处于起步阶段。通过探索人工智能辅助 DLP 回收技术等概念，这些方面的整合可以为 DLP 技术驱动的应用带来重大机遇。通过这篇综述，我们希望进一步激发人们对 DLP 树脂材料和系统的兴趣，鼓励人们积极合作，促进这一充满活力的领域的创新。

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引用次数: 0

Simple and Cost-Effective Generation of 3D Cell Sheets and Spheroids Using Curvature-Controlled Paraffin Wax Substrates 利用曲率可控石蜡基底，以简单、经济的方式生成三维细胞片和类球蛋白。

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00451-4

Huijung Kim, Kyeong-Mo Koo, Chang-Dae Kim, Min Ji Byun, Chun Gwon Park, Hyungbin Son, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Tae-Hyung Kim

The challenges associated with animal testing in pharmaceutical development have driven the search for alternative in vitro models that mimic human tissues more accurately. In this study, we present a simple and cost-effective method for generating 3D cell sheets and spheroids using curvature-controlled paraffin wax films, which are easily accessible laboratory materials that eliminate the need for extracellular matrix (ECM) components or thermo-responsive polymers. By adjusting the curvature of the paraffin wax film, we successfully generated human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) cell sheets and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) spheroids. Key parameters, such as cell density, substrate curvature, and incubation time, were identified as critical factors for optimizing the formation of these 3D structures. In addition, the use of quantum dots (QDs) for cell tracking enabled long-term visualization and distinction between different cell types within complex tissue-like structures. We further demonstrated that wrapping the hBMSC spheroids with HPdLF cell sheets partially replicated the connective tissue structure of the periodontal ligament surrounding the tooth root. This highlights the potential of this platform for the construction of more sophisticated tissue-mimicking assemblies. In conclusion, curvature-controlled paraffin wax films provide a versatile and practical approach for 3D cell cultures. This simplifies the generation of both cell sheets and spheroids, offering a promising tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, where precise cell-to-cell interactions are essential.

Graphical abstract

在药物开发过程中，与动物试验相关的挑战促使人们寻找能更准确模拟人体组织的替代体外模型。在本研究中，我们提出了一种简单而经济高效的方法，利用曲率可控石蜡膜生成三维细胞片和球体，石蜡膜是一种易于获取的实验室材料，无需细胞外基质（ECM）成分或热响应聚合物。通过调节石蜡膜的曲率，我们成功地生成了人牙周韧带成纤维细胞（HPdLF）细胞片和骨髓间充质干细胞（hBMSC）球体。细胞密度、基底曲率和培养时间等关键参数被确定为优化这些三维结构形成的关键因素。此外，使用量子点（QDs）进行细胞追踪可实现长期可视化，并区分复杂组织样结构中的不同细胞类型。我们进一步证明，用 HPdLF 细胞膜包裹 hBMSC 球体，部分复制了牙根周围牙周韧带的结缔组织结构。这凸显了这一平台在构建更复杂的组织模拟组件方面的潜力。总之，曲率控制石蜡膜为三维细胞培养提供了一种多功能的实用方法。这简化了细胞片和细胞球的生成过程，为组织工程和再生医学应用提供了一种前景广阔的工具，在这些应用中，精确的细胞间相互作用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional extracellular vesicles and edaravone-loaded scaffolds for kidney tissue regeneration by activating GDNF/RET pathway 通过激活 GDNF/RET 通路实现肾组织再生的多功能细胞外囊泡和依达拉奉负载支架

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00450-5

Seung Yeon Lee, Jeong Min Park, Won-Kyu Rhim, Eun Hye Lee, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Jun Yong Kim, Seung-Gyu Cha, Sun Hong Lee, Boram Kim, Dong-Youn Hwang, Seungsoo Rho, Tae-Keun Ahn, Bum Soo Kim, Dong Keun Han

With the severity of chronic kidney disease worldwide, strategies to recover renal function via tissue regeneration provide alternatives to kidney replacement therapy. To exclude side effects from direct cell transplantation, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are great substitutes representing paracrine cell signaling. To build three-dimensional structures for implantation into the 5/6 nephrectomy model by incorporating bioactive materials, including multifunctional EVs (mEVs), porous PMEZE/mEV scaffolds were developed in combination with edaravone (EDV; E) and mEV based on PMEZ scaffolds with PLGA (P), MH-RA (M), ECM (E), ZnO-ALA (Z). The oxygen free radical scavenger EDV was incorporated to induce tubular regeneration. mEVs were engineered to serve regenerative activities with a combination of two EVs from SDF-1α overexpressed tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sEVs) and intermediate mesoderm (IM) cells during differentiation into kidney progenitor cells (dEVs). mEVs displayed beneficial effects on regeneration by facilitating migration and inducing differentiation of surrounding stem cells, and EDV improved kidney function by regulating the GDNF/RET pathway and their downstream genes. The promotion of MSC recruitment was confirmed with sEV particles number dependently, and the regulation of the GDNF/RET pathway by the effect of EDV and its enhanced effect by mEVs were elucidated using in vitro analysis. The regeneration of tubules was additionally demonstrated through the increased expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and cadherin-16 (CDH16) for proximal tubules, and calbindin and PAX2 for distal tubules in the renal defect model. With these, structural regeneration and functional recovery were achieved with kidney regeneration in the 5/6 nephrectomy mice model.

Graphical abstract

随着全球慢性肾病的严重化，通过组织再生恢复肾功能的策略为肾脏替代疗法提供了替代方案。为了排除直接细胞移植的副作用，细胞外囊泡（EVs）是代表旁分泌细胞信号的最佳替代品。为了结合生物活性材料（包括多功能 EVs（mEVs））构建三维结构植入 5/6 肾切除模型，研究人员开发了结合依达拉奉（EDV；E）的多孔 PMEZE/mEV 支架，以及基于含有 PLGA（P）、MH-RA（M）、ECM（E）、ZnO-ALA（Z）的 PMEZ 支架的 mEV。mEVs 是由 SDF-1α 过度表达的扁桃体间充质干细胞（sEVs）和分化成肾祖细胞（dEVs）过程中的中间中胚层（IM）细胞的两种 EVs 组合而成，具有再生活性。mEVs通过促进周围干细胞的迁移和诱导分化对再生产生了有益的影响，EDV通过调节GDNF/RET通路及其下游基因改善了肾功能。sEV颗粒对间叶干细胞募集的促进作用与数量有关，EDV对GDNF/RET通路的调节作用以及mEV对其增强作用通过体外分析得以阐明。此外，在肾脏缺损模型中，近端肾小管的aquaporin-1（AQP-1）和cadherin-16（CDH16）以及远端肾小管的calbindin和PAX2的表达增加，也证明了肾小管的再生。有了这些，5/6 肾切除小鼠模型的肾脏再生实现了结构再生和功能恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Highly sensitive multiplexed colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay by plasmon-controlled metal–silica isoform nanocomposites: PINs 利用等离子体控制的金属硅异构纳米复合材料实现高灵敏度多重比色横向流动免疫分析：PINs.

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00449-y

Minsup Shin, Wooyeon Kim, Kwanghee Yoo, Hye-Seong Cho, Sohyeon Jang, Han-Joo Bae, Jaehyun An, Jong-chan Lee, Hyejin Chang, Dong-Eun Kim, Jaehi Kim, Luke P. Lee, Bong-Hyun Jun

Lateral flow assay (LFA) systems use metal nanoparticles for rapid and convenient target detection and are extensively studied for the diagnostics of various diseases. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are often used as probes in LFAs, displaying a single red color. However, there is a high demand for colorimetric LFAs to detect multiple biomarkers, requiring the use of multicolored NPs. Here, we present a highly sensitive multiplexed colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay by multicolored Plasmon-controlled metal–silica Isoform Nanocomposites (PINs). We utilized the localized surface plasmon resonance effect to create multi-colored PINs by precisely adjusting the distance between the NPs on the surface of PINs through the controlled addition of reduced gold and silver precursors. Through simulations, we also confirmed that the distance between nanoparticles on the surface of PINs significantly affects the color and colorimetric signal intensity of the PINs. We achieved multicolored PINs that exhibit stronger colorimetric signals, offering a new solution for LFA detection with high sensitivity and a 33 times reduced limit of detection (LOD) while maintaining consistent size deviations within 5%. We expect that our PINs-based colorimetric LFA will facilitate the sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers in point-of-care testing.

Graphical Abstract

侧向流动检测（LFA）系统利用金属纳米粒子进行快速便捷的目标检测，并在各种疾病的诊断中得到广泛研究。金纳米粒子（AuNPs）通常用作 LFA 的探针，显示单一的红色。然而，人们对检测多种生物标记物的比色 LFA 有很高的要求，这就需要使用多色 NPs。在这里，我们提出了一种高灵敏度的多重比色侧向流动免疫分析法，它采用了多色质子控制金属硅异构纳米复合材料（PINs）。我们利用局部表面等离子体共振效应，通过控制添加还原金和银前体来精确调节 PIN 表面 NPs 之间的距离，从而制造出多色 PINs。通过模拟，我们还证实了 PINs 表面纳米粒子之间的距离会显著影响 PINs 的颜色和比色信号强度。我们制备的多色 PINs 显示出更强的比色信号，为 LFA 检测提供了一种新的解决方案，灵敏度高，检测限（LOD）降低了 33 倍，同时尺寸偏差始终保持在 5%以内。我们预计，我们基于 PINs 的比色 LFA 将有助于在床旁检测中同时灵敏地检测多种生物标记物。

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引用次数: 0

Designing injectable dermal matrix hydrogel combined with silver nanoparticles for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds healing 设计结合银纳米粒子的可注射真皮基质水凝胶，用于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染伤口的愈合

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00447-0

Sunfang Chen, Jun Yao, Shicheng Huo, Chennan Xu, Ruting Yang, Danhua Tao, Bin Fang, Gaoxiang Ma, Zaihua Zhu, Ye Zhang, JingJing Guo

Hydrogel-based delivery systems have now emerged as a pivotal platform for addressing chronic tissue defects, leveraging their innate capacity to suppress pathogenic infections and facilitate expedited tissue regeneration. In this work, an injectable hydrogel dressing, termed AgNPs-dermal matrix hydrogel (Ag@ADMH), has been designed to expedite the healing process of wounds afflicted with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), featuring sustained antibacterial efficacy. The synthesis of the hydrogel dressing entailed a self-assembly process of collagen fibers within an acellular dermal matrix to construct a three-dimensional scaffold, encapsulated with plant polyphenol-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The Ag@ADMH demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility, and enables a sustained release of AgNPs, ensuring prolonged antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the in vitro RT-qPCR analysis revealed that compared with ADMH, Ag@ADMH diminish the expression of iNOS while augmenting CD206 expression, thereby mitigating the inflammatory response and fostering wound healing. Especially, the Ag@ADMH facilitated a reduction in M1 macrophage polarization, as evidenced by a significant decrement in the M1 polarization trend and an enhanced M2/M1 ratio in dermal matrix hydrogels laden with AgNPs, corroborated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses of macrophage phenotypes. The in vivo assessments indicated that Ag@ADMH minimized fibrous capsule formation. In a full-thickness skin defect model of MRSA infection, the formulation significantly attenuated the inflammatory response by reducing MPO and CD68 expression levels, concurrently promoting collagen synthesis and CD34 expression, pivotal for vasculogenesis, thereby accelerating the resolution of MRSA-infected wounds. These attributes underscore the injectable extracellular matrix hydrogel as a formidable strategy for the remediation and regeneration of infected wounds.

Graphical Abstract

基于水凝胶的给药系统利用其抑制病原体感染和促进组织快速再生的天生能力，现已成为解决慢性组织缺损问题的关键平台。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种名为 AgNPs-真皮基质水凝胶（Ag@ADMH）的可注射水凝胶敷料，用于加快耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）伤口的愈合过程，并具有持续抗菌功效。水凝胶敷料的合成需要在无细胞真皮基质中通过胶原纤维的自组装过程来构建一个三维支架，支架上封装有植物多酚功能化银纳米粒子（AgNPs）。Ag@ADMH表现出优异的生物相容性，并实现了AgNPs的持续释放，确保了抗菌活性的延长。此外，体外 RT-qPCR 分析表明，与 ADMH 相比，Ag@ADMH 可减少 iNOS 的表达，同时增加 CD206 的表达，从而减轻炎症反应，促进伤口愈合。特别是，Ag@ADMH 有助于减少巨噬细胞的 M1 极化，这体现在掺有 AgNPs 的真皮基质水凝胶中巨噬细胞的 M1 极化趋势显著下降，M2/M1 比率增强，巨噬细胞表型的共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪分析也证实了这一点。体内评估表明，Ag@ADMH 可最大限度地减少纤维囊的形成。在 MRSA 感染的全厚皮肤缺损模型中，该制剂通过降低 MPO 和 CD68 表达水平显著减轻了炎症反应，同时促进了胶原蛋白合成和 CD34 表达（对血管生成至关重要），从而加速了 MRSA 感染伤口的愈合。这些特性突出表明，可注射细胞外基质水凝胶是修复和再生受感染伤口的有力策略。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of size-dependent uptake, transport and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastic in a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model 在血脑屏障（BBB）模型中评估聚苯乙烯微塑料随尺寸变化的吸收、运输和细胞毒性

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00448-z

Yeongseon Cho, Eun U Seo, Kyeong Seob Hwang, Hyelim Kim, Jonghoon Choi, Hong Nam Kim

Microplastics, particularly those in the micrometer scale, have been shown to enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Recent research indicates that microplastics can potentially impact the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the exact mechanisms of their transport, uptake, and subsequent toxicity at BBB remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the size-dependent uptake and cytotoxicity of polystyrene microparticles using an engineered BBB model. Our findings demonstrate that 0.2 μm polystyrene microparticles exhibit significantly higher uptake and transendothelial transport compared to 1.0 μm polystyrene microparticles, leading to increased permeability and cellular damage. After 24 h of exposure, permeability increased by 15.6-fold for the 0.2 μm particles and 2-fold for the 1.0 μm particles compared to the control. After 72 h of exposure, permeability further increased by 27.3-fold for the 0.2 μm particles and a 4.5-fold for the 1.0 μm particles compared to the control. Notably, microplastics administration following TNF-α treatment resulted in enhanced absorption and greater BBB damage compared to non-stimulated conditions. Additionally, the size-dependent toxicity observed differently between 2D cultured cells and 3D BBB models, highlighting the importance of testing models in evaluating environmental toxicity.

Graphical Abstract

研究表明，微塑料，尤其是微米级的微塑料，可通过摄入、吸入和皮肤接触进入人体。最新研究表明，微塑料有可能通过穿过血脑屏障（BBB）影响中枢神经系统（CNS）。然而，微塑料在 BBB 转运、吸收和随后产生毒性的确切机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们利用工程化 BBB 模型评估了聚苯乙烯微颗粒的大小依赖性吸收和细胞毒性。我们的研究结果表明，与 1.0 微米的聚苯乙烯微颗粒相比，0.2 微米的聚苯乙烯微颗粒表现出明显更高的吸收和跨内皮转运能力，从而导致通透性增加和细胞损伤。与对照组相比，接触 24 小时后，0.2 μm 粒子的渗透性增加了 15.6 倍，1.0 μm 粒子的渗透性增加了 2 倍。接触 72 小时后，与对照组相比，0.2 μm 粒子的渗透性进一步增加了 27.3 倍，1.0 μm 粒子的渗透性增加了 4.5 倍。值得注意的是，与未受刺激的情况相比，在TNF-α处理后施用微塑料会促进吸收并加重BBB损伤。此外，在二维培养细胞和三维 BBB 模型中观察到的尺寸依赖性毒性也不同，这突出了在评估环境毒性时测试模型的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Zero-crosstalk silicon photonic refractive index sensor with subwavelength gratings 带有亚波长光栅的零串扰硅光子折射率传感器

IF 13.4 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00446-1

Syed Z. Ahmed, Mehedi Hasan, Kyungtae Kim, Sangsik Kim

Silicon photonic index sensors have received significant attention for label-free bio and gas-sensing applications, offering cost-effective and scalable solutions. Here, we introduce an ultra-compact silicon photonic refractive index sensor that leverages zero-crosstalk singularity responses enabled by subwavelength gratings. The subwavelength gratings are precisely engineered to achieve an anisotropic perturbation-led zero-crosstalk, resulting in a single transmission dip singularity in the spectrum that is independent of device length. The sensor is optimized for the transverse magnetic mode operation, where the subwavelength gratings are arranged perpendicular to the propagation direction to support a leaky-like mode and maximize the evanescent field interaction with the analyte space. Experimental results demonstrate a high wavelength sensitivity of − 410 nm/RIU and an intensity sensitivity of 395 dB/RIU, with a compact device footprint of approximately 82.8 μm². Distinct from other resonant and interferometric sensors, our approach provides an FSR-free single-dip spectral response on a small device footprint, overcoming common challenges faced by traditional sensors, such as signal/phase ambiguity, sensitivity fading, limited detection range, and the necessity for large device footprints. This makes our sensor ideal for simplified intensity interrogation. The proposed sensor holds promise for a range of on-chip refractive index sensing applications, from gas to biochemical detection, representing a significant step towards efficient and miniaturized photonic sensing solutions.

Graphical Abstract

硅光子折射率传感器为无标记生物和气体传感应用提供了具有成本效益和可扩展的解决方案，因此受到了广泛关注。在这里，我们介绍一种超紧凑型硅光子折射率传感器，它利用亚波长光栅实现零串扰奇异响应。亚波长光栅经过精确设计，可实现各向异性扰动导致的零串扰，从而在光谱中产生与器件长度无关的单一透射凹陷奇点。该传感器针对横向磁模式操作进行了优化，亚波长光栅垂直于传播方向排列，以支持类似泄漏的模式，并最大限度地提高了与分析物空间的蒸发场相互作用。实验结果表明，波长灵敏度高达 - 410 nm/RIU，强度灵敏度高达 395 dB/RIU，装置占地面积约为 82.8 μm2。与其他谐振式和干涉式传感器不同，我们的方法在较小的器件基底面上提供了无 FSR 的单浸光谱响应，克服了传统传感器所面临的共同挑战，如信号/相位模糊、灵敏度衰减、探测范围有限以及器件基底面必须较大等。这使我们的传感器成为简化强度检测的理想选择。所提出的传感器有望用于从气体到生化检测等一系列片上折射率传感应用，是向高效和微型化光子传感解决方案迈出的重要一步。

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引用次数: 0