Acta Psychologica最新文献

Cross-border live streaming has significant cultural differences. However, the influence of perceived novelty on consumer behavior remains unclear, and the mechanisms by which factors like cultural distance affect purchase intentions have not been fully elucidated. Based on cultural psychology and social cognitive theory, this study collected data through questionnaires and employed a Structural Equation Model (SEM) combined with multiple regression methods to explore how cultural distance, cultural novelty, and cultural identity affect purchase intentions in the context of cross-border live streaming. Cultural distance significantly influences purchase intentions via the mediating effect of cultural novelty. Furthermore, there are second-order and third-order interaction effects among the three types of cultural distance, all of which have substantial impacts on cultural novelty. Additionally, cultural identity positively moderates the relationship between cultural novelty and consumers' purchase intentions. The findings expand the research landscape concerning cross-border live streaming consumers' purchasing behaviors and provide a scientific foundation for developing effective marketing strategies in cross-border live streaming contexts.

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Prevalence of ADHD in the general adult population is around 3.1 %, with little data available in athlete population suggesting rates of between 7 %-8 %. No data are available for endurance and ultra-endurance runners.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey study in endurance (≥21.1 km to 42.2 km) and ultra-endurance runners (≥42.2 km), using the Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS-5) for screening for ADHD and assessing associated risk factors and sex differences using statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques.

Results: A total of 601 runners participated (female n = 222; male n = 379; mean age 42.8 ± 10.1 years). Overall, 9.7 % of runners returned screening results above the cut off score from the ASRS-5 for ADHD, particularly half-marathon runners (14.8 %; n.s.) compared to marathon (8.0 %) and ultramarathon runners (8.7 %). No significant sex differences (female 10.8 % versus men 9.0 %) or differences in performance levels (elite (0.0 %) versus non-elite (10.1 %) runners) were observed. Age was the only statistically significant associated factor (p = 0.03), particularly in younger runners (under the age of 40 years).

Conclusion: This study provides novel essential screening data on ADHD among endurance and ultra-endurance runners. The screening rates for ADHD traits exceed those found in previous studies with elite athletes and the general population. Clinical evaluation, using standard clinical criteria to verify the responses for a definitive diagnosis of ADHD is recommended, as well as increasing awareness of ADHD, education, support services and targeted interventions. Sports organizations, health professionals, and policymakers should implement systematic screening and education programs to address these concerns.

In the context of urban tourism, the sensory experience arising from tourists' interaction with the city plays an important role in shaping their pro-environmental behaviors. Nevertheless, existing research on this topic remains limited. The present study examines how urban tourists' pro-environmental behaviors are associated with their sensory impressions of the urban destination. The results suggest that: (1) sensory impressions are related to tourists' pro-environmental behaviors, both directly and indirectly, through the sequential pathways of social connectedness and subjective well-being. (2) Compared with tourists reporting lower levels of self-esteem, those with higher self-esteem tend to report stronger social networks. (3) Tourists with higher self-esteem also report higher levels of subjective well-being than their counterparts with lower self-esteem. By clarifying the conditions under which sensory impressions are linked to the pro-environmental behaviors of urban tourists, this study adds to the understanding of urban environmental behaviors.

Two experiments investigate the role of body feedback in remembering and judging the emotionality of affective language. Participants held either an open or slumped posture while reading and responding to sentences designed to have either negative or positive affect. Both experiments demonstrate a significant effect with open posture slowing emotional judgments (Experiment 1) and open posture facilitating recognition of positive words in a memory task (Experiment 2), hinting at a task-dependence. These findings reflect on three major topics of research in cognition: whether abstract concepts can be embodied, the extent to which emotion and bodily states co-occur, and how task demands determine the direction of effects.

The mechanisms that make the unique sociality of humans possible have long been in the focus of cognitive science. In this paper, we review recent advancements in the study of three fundamental social cognitive functions (social categorization, theory of mind and social learning) in order to outline a theory that emphasizes the need to consider their interconnectedness. We highlight that while the literature on theory of mind mostly focuses on computations that rely on episodic information to infer the current mental state of a social partner, a large part of mentalization processes depends on a shortcut whereby the mentalizer attributes a certain body of knowledge to the partner by default. These default attributions may depend on salient characteristics of the target person, such as their social category membership. Thus, we propose that the ability to represent the social world along categories and the capacity to read others' minds are used in an integrated way to efficiently assess the epistemic states of fellow humans by creating a shared representational space. Moreover, we emphasize that the emergence of this shared representational space is both the result of and a prerequisite to efficiently learn about both the physical and the social environment.

Ethical consumer behaviour has been receiving much attention in recent times, due to heightened social issue on sustainability, corporate social responsibility and ethical consumption from the community. Integrated with the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) Theory, this study investigates the influences of altruistic, biospheric, and hedonic values on ethical buying behaviour under the mediating mechanism of behavioural beliefs, personal norms, and subjective norms. Moreover, the present research also explores the moderating effects of perceived product quality and social stigma in the relationshipbetween subjective norms, personal norms and ethical buying behaviour. A cross-sectional survey design approach was employed where data were gathered from students studying in India. The findings indicate that altruistic, biospheric, and hedonic values have an indirect impact on ethical buying behaviour via related behavioural beliefs, personal norms, and subjective norms. The moderating roles of quality and stigma show some interesting counteracting influences. Product quality was found to enhance the subjective norms and ethical buying behaviour relationship while undermining the relationship between personal norms and ethical buying behaviour. By contrast, stigma reduced the influence of subjective norms but enhanced the effect of personal norms on ethical buying behaviour. The work adds to the ethical consumption literature by combining theoretical perspectives and emphasising the complexity of how these moderating variables function in ethical decision-making. The findings provide both theoretical implications from the perspective of the psychological mechanism of ethical behaviourand managerial implications for firms looking to motivate ethical consumption.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the neural and behavioral correlates of visual statistical learning in adults with and without developmental dyslexia (DD), using a predictor-target paradigm. Reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to assess participants' sensitivity to predictor-target contingencies that varied throughout the task.

Methods: English-speaking neurotypical adults (N = 36) and those with DD (N = 16) were engaged in a visual statistical learning task while RTs and ERPs were measured. In Phase 1, participants' sensitivity to the contingencies was assessed, in which one stimulus was highly predictive of the target (90 % transitional probability) and another was less predictive of the target (10 % transitional probability). In Phase 2, these contingencies switched to equal probability (50/50), to assess participants' ability to adapt to the change in stimulus predictability.

Results: In Phase 1, both groups showed behavioral evidence of learning the contingencies but only the neurotypical group showed ERP effects indicative of learning. In Phase 2, both groups showed similar ERPs and RTs, indicating that sensitivity to the contingencies from Phase 1 persisted into Phase 2 across groups despite the contingencies being changed.

Conclusions: Similar to previous work on children with DD (Singh, Walk, & Conway, 2018), adults with DD showed atypical neural responses but intact motor learning of the visual statistical patterns. These findings suggest that adults with DD may rely on different prediction-based learning mechanisms to acquire visual statistical contingencies, consistent with theories positing differences in visual-attention and basal ganglia-based learning in DD.

Background: Adventure sports tourism is becoming more popular and is correlated with several psychological benefits for participants. Some of these benefits are common in traditional sports, whereas others are specifically linked to the adventures or interactions with nature that are distinctive to this type of tourism. The psychological experience and quality of life of participants in adventure sports tourism have garnered increasing research attention.

Objectives: This study aims to clarify how involvement affects tourists' quality of life within the context of adventure tourism by employing river tracing in Guangdong Province as a case study. The specific research objectives are as follows: (1) to examine the direct effects of involvement (I) on experience quality (EQ), tourists' happiness (TH), and quality of life (QL); (2) to investigate the mediating roles of experience quality and happiness, including independent mediation and sequential mediation; and (3) within the framework of self-determination theory, to reveal how adventure tourism promotes happiness and quality of life by satisfying the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, thereby increasing the theoretical understanding.

Design/methodology: A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from individuals with experience in river tracing in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 625 valid responses (19 to 41 years of age and above; 296 males and 329 females) were collected through onsite and online channels. We used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for the data analysis.

Results: Measurement model analysis indicated satisfactory factor loadings between 0.803 and 0.929, with composite reliability (CR) values between 0.923 and 0.948, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The sequence of I → EQ → TH → QL was obtained (β = 0.128, p < 0.001), indicating substantial mediation.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that involvement, experience quality, and happiness among tourists are key factors for improving the quality of life of river tracing enthusiasts.

The Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) is a brief self-report measure of dysmorphic concern, which is characterized by intense preoccupation with perceived flaw(s) in one's appearance. Previous investigations of the factor structure of the BICI have demonstrated mixed findings, and further investigation within Western populations is particularly needed among men. While sexual minority men are known to exhibit heightened body image disturbance compared to their heterosexual counterparts, the structural validity of the BICI has not been evaluated within this population. As such, we investigated the factor structure of the BICI within a sample of sexual minority men in an iterative fashion according to models tested or called for in prior research. First, we examined a one-, two-, and three-factor first order structure of the BICI using confirmatory factor analysis. None of these structures provided an excellent fit to the current sample across multiple indices (e.g., comparative fit index [CFI] < 0.90, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] > 0.08). Next, we examined higher-order models of two- and three-factor structures of the BICI, which also did not adequately fit the data (e.g., CFI < 0.90, RMSEA >0.08). Finally, we employed exploratory factor analysis, which revealed a three-factor model that slightly differed from previously supported three-factor models. Factor loadings suggested subpar item functioning of four of nineteen items on the BICI (i.e., items 3, 4, 12, and 13), implications of which are discussed.