Acta Psychologica最新文献

This investigation sought to understand how physical activity, sleep quality, and depression interrelate among university students in a particular region of China. It involved a diverse group of 2363 students from three institutions, using a cross-sectional approach with well-established measurement tools. These tools demonstrated strong reliability and validity, with Cronbach's alpha values indicating robust internal consistency. The data revealed that higher levels of physical activity were inversely related to depression and directly related to better sleep quality, highlighting the potential of exercise and sleep improvement to reduce depressive symptoms among this demographic.

Sleep is a complex state which involves interactions between neurophysiological, psychological and neurochemical processes which in turn have an important impact on brain functioning, immune responses, mental health, and quality of life. The incidence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) varies across different countries and have been linked with lifespan sleep disturbances with further effects on people's physical and mental health functioning. This review aims to explore the significance of ACE and its impact on sleep by identifying key documents, thematic trends, and knowledge gaps in the literature. A document co-citation analysis of 882 documents from Scopus was conducted to achieve this goal. Research trends focused on the long-term consequences of childhood adverse events with respect to sleep, with emphasis on the role of type, timing and accumulation of these experiences. A recent study has also taken advantage of machine learning and network analysis for discovering essential factors could offer useful information about adults with history of childhood adversity and sleep problems. The studies show unanimously that ACEs are associated with multiple sleep disturbances/disorders which can persist into adulthood, with consequences for suboptimal cognitive and behavioral functioning. Such neurobiological scars can be associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. Future studies are needed that focus on longitudinal analysis of the relationship between early adversity, sleep, and resilience characteristics in adult populations exploring the use of objective assessment measures as well as neurobiological markers.

Embracing intellectual humility has been touted as a potential key factor in improving relationships among people with different perspectives. Surprisingly, little research has been conducted on how individuals perceive those who express their views with intellectual humility, and no research, to our knowledge, examined perceptions of intellectual humility in political leaders specifically. This study aimed to examine to what extent perceivers value intellectual humility in the face of a polarizing topic (abortion) and when it is expressed by political leaders (hypothetical presidential candidates) sharing or opposing one's view. We predicted that individuals would like the same-view leader more than the opposing-view leader; however, they would also prefer leaders expressing intellectual humility overall. Importantly, we also explored whether individuals would be more tolerant of intellectual arrogance when arrogance came from a leader who shared (vs. opposed) their ideology. A pilot study (N = 94) confirmed all these predictions. A preregistered study with a larger sample (N = 927) replicated these patterns and showed that positive evaluations of leaders' intellectual humility were also contingent on their views and the ways they expressed intellectual humility (openness to alternative views or fallibility of their own view). While perceivers evaluated both the same and opposing-view leaders' openness to alternative views positively, they evaluated the same-view (but not the opposing-view) leaders' expression of fallibility negatively. Our findings shed light on the boundary conditions of valuing intellectual humility while offering insights on when and why people may refrain from expressing humility themselves and knowingly or unknowingly contribute to polarizing discourse.

The Metaverse is gaining attention as a potential future workplace, and advancements in VR/AR technologies are set to revolutionise how we work and collaborate. Extensive research using big data is still needed to fully comprehend the public's perception of this emerging field. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT), and Social Presence Theory (SPT), this study seeks to fill this knowledge gap. Using a methodology that involved machine learning and qualitative analysis of big data, the research gathered comments from social media users on widely viewed YouTube videos discussing the Metaverse workplace. The initial dataset, which contained 6982 comments, underwent thorough cleaning processes, resulting in the analysis of 2804 comments through thematic, emotion, and sentiment analyses. The process of the thematic analysis revealed that out of the total comments, 472 were unclassified, while the remaining 2332 helped structure the public's beliefs about the Metaverse workplace into four overarching themes: 1- benefits of flexibility and accessibility (37 %), highlighting VR's potential to transform workspaces, especially for creative fields and efficient space use; 2- Health concerns (26 %), including eye strain and physical discomfort from prolonged headset use; 3- data privacy and corporate control fears (20 %), reflecting worries over pervasive data collection and potential misuse of power; 4- scepticism over readiness and practicality (17 %), noting visual clarity challenges and ergonomic issues. The overall vibes about working in the Metaverse are mixed. While more than half the sentiments were positive, expressing contentment, curiosity and enthusiasm, there were also concerns about health effects, data privacy, and integration issues. The public recognises Metaverse's potential for remote work, desiring improvements in areas like visual clarity, ergonomics and productivity support before widespread adoption. This study is a pioneering effort in the field, providing a first-of-its-kind structure of the public's beliefs about the Metaverse workplace, drawing upon naturally occurring data. The findings not only contribute to the academic understanding of the Metaverse workplace but also have significant implications for society and practitioners for optimising the positive aspects to enhance overall acceptance in this relatively understudied field.

Individuals with dark personality traits are more prone to burnout, but this was not yet investigated in academia. Perfectionistic self-presentation (PSPS), an interpersonal expression of perfectionism, could be an explaining factor. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the dark triad (Machiavellianism, vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, and psychopathy) and academic burnout, and whether the PSPS total score and its dimensions (perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection) mediates this. We expected that higher dark triad traits would be associated with higher academic burnout and that this would be explained by higher PSPS. Hypotheses included expectations for each PSPS dimension as well. Questionnaires were completed by 304 bachelor/master students (Mage = 22.81 years). Mediations were performed for each dark triad trait with total PSPS and each of its dimensions separately as mediator, and academic burnout as dependent variable. Total PSPS and almost all of its dimensions positively and significantly mediated the relation between Machiavellianism as well as psychopathy and academic burnout (small effect sizes). In contrast, only the PSPS dimension nondisplay of imperfection was a significant, positive mediator of the relation between grandiose narcissism and academic burnout (medium effect size). The other mediations with grandiose or vulnerable narcissism were non-significant. Future research should investigate this further, for instance by using the standard dark triad scales. Finally, this study offers insights for interventions and prevention of academic burnout by highlighting the unique impact of each dark triad trait. For example, those high on Machiavellianism may benefit from tools to deal with cynicism and perfectionism, ultimately lowering the risk for academic burnout.

The increasing usage of smartphones globally necessitates the creation of reliable and valid scales to evaluate their psychological effects, particularly within academic settings such as universities. The current study aimed to identify the factorial structure of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) in the Republic of Yemen. The sample consisted of 1920 university students (1136 males and 784 females). The data was analyzed with the AMOS V25 statistical program. The results of the factor analysis supported the goodness of fit of the five-factor model to the data with excellent indices: RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.910, GFI = 0.931, AGFI = 0.915, TLI = 0.907, NFI = 0.915, RFI = 0.916, and RMR = 0.032, all of which are within the ideal range to support the goodness of fit of the model to the factorial structure of the inventory, as the values  of the explained variances ranged between 0.740 and 0.834., with indices of reliability in measurement. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that four items loaded on the Time Spent factor, four items on the Compulsivity factor, eight items on the Daily Life Interference factor, five items on the Craving factor, and three items on the Sleep Interference factor, with all loadings  being statistically significant (>0.001). Based on these findings, research direction and recommendations were provided.

Employees' work satisfaction and mental health are crucial for an organization's productivity. The current experimental study on employees (N_total = 278) from different professional sectors and workplaces in Germany investigated how to improve both by changes of daily non-work-related smartphone use time and physical activity time. For one week, the smartphone group (N = 73) reduced its daily smartphone use by one hour, the physical activity group (N = 69) increased its daily physical activity by 30 minutes, the combination group (N = 72) followed both interventions, the control group (N = 64) did not change its behavior. Online surveys assessed work-related and mental health-related variables at three measurement time points (baseline; post-intervention; two-week follow-up). The reduction of smartphone use time and the combination of both interventions increased work satisfaction, work motivation, work-life balance, and positive mental health significantly; experience of work overload and problematic smartphone use significantly decreased. All interventions decreased depressive symptoms and enhanced sense of control significantly. Following the present findings, a conscious and controlled reduction of non-work-related smartphone use time and its combination with more physical activity could improve employees' work satisfaction and mental health in the organizational context either as an addition to established training programs or as a separate time- and cost-efficient low threshold program.

The current study investigated the effects of ego-depletion in junior high school students on displaced aggressive behavior and the counteraction of the nature. Study 1 investigated the effects of ego-depletion on displaced aggressive behavior in junior high school students using a within-subject design, comparing the differences in displaced aggressive behavior between the induced ego-depletion condition and the non-induced ego-depletion condition. Results showed that junior high school students exhibited significantly higher levels of displaced aggressive behavior under the induced ego-depletion condition compared to the non-induced ego-depletion condition. Study 2 examined the role of the nature in the process of ego-depletion influencing displaced aggressive behavior. A 2 (ego-depletion: induced ego-depletion vs. non-induced ego-depletion) × 2 (picture type: blank picture vs. natural picture) mixed design was used. A picture-viewing task was inserted between the ego-depletion task and the displaced aggressive behavior task to compare the differences in displaced aggressive behavior between the group that viewed blank pictures and the group that viewed natural pictures. The results showed that under the induced ego-depletion condition, there was no significant difference in displaced aggressive behavior between viewing natural pictures and viewing blank pictures. However, after viewing blank pictures, displaced aggressive behavior under induced ego-depletion condition was significantly higher than under non-induced ego-depletion condition; after viewing natural pictures, there was no significant difference in displaced aggressive behavior between induced ego-depletion condition and non-induced ego-depletion condition. These results suggest that ego-depletion can increase displaced aggressive behavior in junior high school students, but this phenomenon is not observed after exposure to nature. The current study provides empirical evidence for investigating the effects of ego-depletion on displaced aggressive behavior.

Purpose

Knowledge sharing behavior is crucial for ensuring organizational success, fueling innovation, solving problems, and informing decision-making. While social media platforms offer powerful tools for employees to share knowledge, the intricate relationship between social media use and knowledge sharing behavior remains unclear. Few studies have examined the influencing mechanisms of emotional exhaustion on the above relationships, especially through self-determination perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

As knowledge is inherently private to the individual, grounded in self-determination theory, this study employed a moderated mediation analysis to explore the internal mechanisms of social media use on employee knowledge sharing behavior. The survey of 356 full-time employees was collected from a large environmental protection group in China. Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap tests.

Findings

The results show that social media use positively affects employee knowledge sharing behavior; knowledge sharing intention partially positively mediates the influence of social media use on knowledge sharing behavior; emotional exhaustion negatively moderates the relationship between social media use and knowledge sharing intention.

Contribution of research

The study identifies how two styles of social media use - work-related purpose and social-related purpose – affect knowledge sharing behavior. It significantly advances the understanding of social media use on knowledge sharing behavior from self-determination perspective.

Practical implications

This study has several important practical implications for organizations seeking to facilitate employee knowledge sharing behavior through social media use. Organizations should improve employees' knowledge sharing intention and avoid emotional exhaustion.

The main aim of the study was to investigate whether passion and grit varied in individuals with distinct levels of growth mindset. From an original sample of 1548 participants in the age 13 to 77 years, two groups with the 5 % highest scoring and the 5 % lowest scoring on growth mindset, respectively, were compared on their scores in passion and grit. Participants completed as a measure of Mindset the Theories of intelligence Scale (TIS). Grit-S scale was used to assess grit and to assess passion the eight item Passion Scale was used.

Findings displayed that the growth mindset group with low scoring had significantly lower score in passion and grit than the growth mindset group with high scoring, indicating that adults with low growth mindset shows lower levels of passion and grit related to their peers with a high-level score.

These results may probable be significant for better understanding of the relationship between these constructs positively related to life satisfaction, well-being, achievement, and learning. Additionally, acquiring a better picture of what indicate individuals with different levels of growth mindset can increase our comprehension of how to increase motivation, pursue long-term goals and maintain effort in different groups. It can be argued that growth mindset should be all encompassing in our society. Both in schools, sports, working life and within the walls of the family.