Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02043-1
Wencong He, Yunchuan Liu, Junhao Jin, Jiahao Cai, Buyong Wan, Jie Chen, Xiaohong Yang, Chenguo Hu
Improving the electric output and durability of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) remains a great challenge. In sliding-mode TENG, surface charge dissipation and charge leakage caused by the volume effect result in serious energy waste. In this work, a durable dual output mode TENG (DDO-TENG), which includes alteranting current and direct current output modes, is designed to capture the dissipating charges in the surface of charge space accumulation area and the inner leakage charge in porous network to further improve the output performance of sliding TENGs. The output charge density of DDO-TENG reaches 0.847 mC m−2, which is 2.39 times as that of the single mode device. In addition, it has strong durability, remaining 95.7% after over 271 k cycles, and it can continuously power electronics by harvesting wind energy. This work provides a strategy for achieving the improvement on output performance and durability and expands the application of TENG.
提高摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）的输出功率和耐久性仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在滑模TENG中，由于体积效应引起的表面电荷耗散和电荷泄漏造成了严重的能量浪费。本文设计了一种包括交流和直流两种输出模式的持久双输出模式TENG (DDO-TENG)，以捕获电荷空间积累区表面的耗散电荷和多孔网络中的内部泄漏电荷，进一步提高滑动TENG的输出性能。do - teng的输出电荷密度达到0.847 mC - m-2，是单模器件的2.39倍。此外，它具有很强的耐久性，在超过271 k的循环后仍然保持95.7%，并且可以通过收集风能持续为电子设备供电。这项工作为实现输出性能和耐久性的改善提供了策略，并扩大了TENG的应用范围。
{"title":"High Durability Sliding TENG with Enhanced Output Achieved by Capturing Multiple Region Charges for Harvesting Wind Energy","authors":"Wencong He, Yunchuan Liu, Junhao Jin, Jiahao Cai, Buyong Wan, Jie Chen, Xiaohong Yang, Chenguo Hu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02043-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02043-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving the electric output and durability of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) remains a great challenge. In sliding-mode TENG, surface charge dissipation and charge leakage caused by the volume effect result in serious energy waste. In this work, a durable dual output mode TENG (DDO-TENG), which includes alteranting current and direct current output modes, is designed to capture the dissipating charges in the surface of charge space accumulation area and the inner leakage charge in porous network to further improve the output performance of sliding TENGs. The output charge density of DDO-TENG reaches 0.847 mC m<sup>−2</sup>, which is 2.39 times as that of the single mode device. In addition, it has strong durability, remaining 95.7% after over 271 k cycles, and it can continuously power electronics by harvesting wind energy. This work provides a strategy for achieving the improvement on output performance and durability and expands the application of TENG.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02043-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulsed dynamic electrolysis (PDE), driven by renewable energy, has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method, demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development. Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems, the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems, particularly in water electrolysis (WE) for hydrogen production, remain insufficiently explored. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement, microenvironment regulation, and hydrogen production optimization, aiming to achieve low-energy consumption, high catalytic activity, and long-term stability in the generation of target products. Here, this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer, the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems, and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production, providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress. The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency, duty cycle, amplitude, and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance within PDE strategies, revealing the interrelationships among them. Finally, the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.
{"title":"Pulsed Dynamic Water Electrolysis: Mass Transfer Enhancement, Microenvironment Regulation, and Hydrogen Production Optimization.","authors":"Xuewei Zhang,Wei Zhou,Xiaoxiao Meng,Yuming Huang,Yang Yu,Haiqian Zhao,Lijie Wang,Fei Sun,Jihui Gao,Guangbo Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01952-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01952-5","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed dynamic electrolysis (PDE), driven by renewable energy, has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method, demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development. Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems, the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems, particularly in water electrolysis (WE) for hydrogen production, remain insufficiently explored. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement, microenvironment regulation, and hydrogen production optimization, aiming to achieve low-energy consumption, high catalytic activity, and long-term stability in the generation of target products. Here, this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer, the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems, and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production, providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress. The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency, duty cycle, amplitude, and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance within PDE strategies, revealing the interrelationships among them. Finally, the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"84 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01904-z
Mei Wen, Nuo Yu, Xiaojing Zhang, Wenjing Zhao, Pu Qiu, Wei Feng, Zhigang Chen, Yu Chen, Meifang Zhu
Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration. Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn, this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode, which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size, offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing. The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) with larger pore sizes, thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure. The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species, achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%. Meanwhile, the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm −2 h −1 . This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors, allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype, enhances angiogenesis, and accelerates wound healing. Therefore, this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.
糖尿病创面由于渗出物浸润引起的持续炎症，给临床治疗带来了挑战。受仙人掌刺的梯度润湿性启发，本研究设计了一种仿生Janus纳米纤维膜作为水二极管，该膜具有梯度润湿性和梯度孔径，具有可持续的单向自排和抗菌性能，可促进糖尿病伤口愈合。Janus膜的制备方法是将孔径较小的亲水性聚丙烯腈/氯e6层沉积在孔径较大的疏水性聚（ε-己内酯）上，从而在润湿性和孔隙结构上产生垂直梯度。上层加入氯e6，利用外部光能产生热量蒸发产生活性氧，灭菌效率高达99%。同时，Janus膜的梯度结构有利于以0.95 g cm−2 h−1的速率连续排出反重力渗出物。这种有效的渗出液引流和灭菌的双重功能显著减少炎症因子，使巨噬细胞向M2增殖表型极化，促进血管生成，加速伤口愈合。因此，这项研究提供了一种开创性的生物启发策略，为开发适合糖尿病伤口再生的高级伤口敷料。
{"title":"Cactus Thorn-Inspired Janus Nanofiber Membranes as a Water Diode for Light-Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing","authors":"Mei Wen, Nuo Yu, Xiaojing Zhang, Wenjing Zhao, Pu Qiu, Wei Feng, Zhigang Chen, Yu Chen, Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01904-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01904-z","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic wounds present challenges in clinical management due to persistent inflammation caused by excessive exudate infiltration. Inspired by the gradient wettability of cactus thorn, this study has devised a biomimetic Janus nanofiber membrane as a water diode, which endows with gradient wettability and gradient pore size, offering sustainable unidirectional self-drainage and antibacterial properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing. The Janus membrane is fabricated by depositing a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile/chlorin e6 layer with smaller pore sizes onto a hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) with larger pore sizes, thereby generating a vertical gradient in both wettability and pore structure. The incorporation of chlorin e6 in the upper layer enables the utilization of external light energy to generate heat for evaporation and produce reactive oxygen species, achieving a high sterilization efficiency of 99%. Meanwhile, the gradient structure of the Janus membrane facilitates continuous antigravity exudate drainage at a rate of 0.95 g cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . This dual functionality of effective exudate drainage and sterilization significantly reduces inflammatory factors, allows the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 proliferative phenotype, enhances angiogenesis, and accelerates wound healing. Therefore, this study provides a groundbreaking bioinspired strategy for the development of advanced wound dressings tailored for diabetic wound regeneration.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02006-6
Rui Meng, Liming Du, Can Li, Zhi Wan, Jishan Shi, Yueying Zhang, Wenfeng Liu, Chongyang Zhi, Chunmei Jia, Lili Tan, Chuanxiao Xiao, Xian-Zong Wang, Lin Song, Xingyu Gao, Zhen Li
Highlights
A natural and regenerable redox shuttle is established using glutathione (GSH) to eliminate harmful Sn4+ and Sn0/Pb0 impurities.
The GSH incorporation regulates the perovskite crystallization process and leads to the formation of a high-quality charge separation junction.
The GSH-modified Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.71%. Furthermore, the resulting all-perovskite tandem solar cells exhibit a PCE of 28.49% and retain 90% of the initial PCE after 560 h of continuous operation.
{"title":"Nature-Inspired Redox Shuttle with Regenerable Antioxidant for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Rui Meng, Liming Du, Can Li, Zhi Wan, Jishan Shi, Yueying Zhang, Wenfeng Liu, Chongyang Zhi, Chunmei Jia, Lili Tan, Chuanxiao Xiao, Xian-Zong Wang, Lin Song, Xingyu Gao, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02006-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02006-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A natural and regenerable redox shuttle is established using glutathione (GSH) to eliminate harmful Sn<sup>4+</sup> and Sn<sup>0</sup>/Pb<sup>0</sup> impurities.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The GSH incorporation regulates the perovskite crystallization process and leads to the formation of a high-quality charge separation junction.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The GSH-modified Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.71%. Furthermore, the resulting all-perovskite tandem solar cells exhibit a PCE of 28.49% and retain 90% of the initial PCE after 560 h of continuous operation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02006-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneously repairing the degraded crystal structure and reconstructing the damaged carbon coating in spent LiFePO4 cathode enables superfast lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and produces a stable cathode–electrolyte interface.
The regenerated LiFePO4 cathode delivers remarkable rate capability, low-temperature performance and compatibility in solid-state batteries.
The proposed direct regeneration approach has high economic and environmental benefits compared to hydrometallurgical and conventional direct recycling methods.
退役锂离子电池中使用过的LiFePO4 （LFP）阴极的快速积累要求开发有效且环保的回收策略。在这种情况下，直接再生已经成为回收LFP正极材料的一种很有前途的方法，提供了一种流线型的途径来恢复其电化学功能。我们报告了一种综合再生方案，可以同时修复退化的晶体结构并重建废LFP中受损的碳涂层。该材料具有超快的锂离子扩散动力学和稳定的阴极-电解质界面，具有显著的倍率性能，在5C和10C （1C = 170 mA g-1）下的比容量分别为122 mAh g-1和106 mAh g-1。在400次循环后，它还能保持110.7 mAh g-1 （5C）和84.1 mAh g-1 （10C）的容量。它可以在恶劣的环境中使用，并且可以在零下温度（- 10和- 20°C）和固态电解质电池中稳定循环。利用everbat模型进行全生命周期评价和经济评价，表明这种直接再生方式具有较高的经济效益和环境效益。
{"title":"Direct Repair of the Crystal Structure and Coating Surface of Spent LiFePO4 Materials Enables Superfast Li-Ion Migration","authors":"Yuanqi Lan, Jianfeng Wen, Yatian Zhang, Xuexia Lan, Tianyi Song, Jie Zhu, Jing Peng, Wenjiao Yao, Yongbing Tang, Hui-Ming Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01980-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01980-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Simultaneously repairing the degraded crystal structure and reconstructing the damaged carbon coating in spent LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode enables superfast lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and produces a stable cathode–electrolyte interface.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The regenerated LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode delivers remarkable rate capability, low-temperature performance and compatibility in solid-state batteries.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The proposed direct regeneration approach has high economic and environmental benefits compared to hydrometallurgical and conventional direct recycling methods.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01980-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comprehensive perspective on soft robotic systems integrating material innovation, structural design, functional synergy, and intelligent control across biomedical and environmental applications.
Representative platforms including microneedle array-based soft robots and 4D-printed hydrogel systems are analyzed to demonstrate programmable actuation, sensing, and therapeutic functions.
Critical challenges and future directions are outlined, emphasizing modular standardization, self-healing materials, and data-driven control strategies for next-generation adaptive soft robots.
{"title":"Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems","authors":"Xin Li, Ran Xu, Chenchen Xie, Zhixing Ge, Bingbing Gao, Chwee Teck Lim","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02026-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02026-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Comprehensive perspective on soft robotic systems integrating material innovation, structural design, functional synergy, and intelligent control across biomedical and environmental applications.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Representative platforms including microneedle array-based soft robots and 4D-printed hydrogel systems are analyzed to demonstrate programmable actuation, sensing, and therapeutic functions.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Critical challenges and future directions are outlined, emphasizing modular standardization, self-healing materials, and data-driven control strategies for next-generation adaptive soft robots.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02026-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01997-6
Yanan Qi, Hongqiu Chen, Feng Hong, Xiangbin Cai, Zhehan Ying, Jiangyong Diao, Zhimin Jia, Jiawei Chen, Ning Wang, Shengling Xiang, Xiaowen Chen, Guodong Wen, Bo Sun, Geng Sun, Hongyang Liu
Highlights
We successfully fabricated an atomically dispersed dual-atom catalyst featuring Pt1-Ru1 sites anchored on defective graphene (Pt1Ru1/ND@G).
Pt1Ru1/ND@G achieves a high turnover frequency of 17.6 × 10−2 s−1 for CO oxidation at 30 °C, which is 10 times higher than Pt1/ND@G and demonstrates outstanding performance compared with the previous reports.
Pt-Ru bond enhances the metallicity of both Pt and Ru atoms, facilitating the simultaneous adsorption and activation of CO and O2 and overcoming the limitations of single-atom catalysts.
{"title":"Atomically Dispersed Pt-Ru Dual-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Low-Temperature CO Oxidation Reaction","authors":"Yanan Qi, Hongqiu Chen, Feng Hong, Xiangbin Cai, Zhehan Ying, Jiangyong Diao, Zhimin Jia, Jiawei Chen, Ning Wang, Shengling Xiang, Xiaowen Chen, Guodong Wen, Bo Sun, Geng Sun, Hongyang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01997-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01997-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>We successfully fabricated an atomically dispersed dual-atom catalyst featuring Pt<sub>1</sub>-Ru<sub>1</sub> sites anchored on defective graphene (Pt<sub>1</sub>Ru<sub>1</sub>/ND@G).</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Pt<sub>1</sub>Ru<sub>1</sub>/ND@G achieves a high turnover frequency of 17.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for CO oxidation at 30 °C, which is 10 times higher than Pt<sub>1</sub>/ND@G and demonstrates outstanding performance compared with the previous reports.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Pt-Ru bond enhances the metallicity of both Pt and Ru atoms, facilitating the simultaneous adsorption and activation of CO and O<sub>2</sub> and overcoming the limitations of single-atom catalysts.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01997-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced film and patterning fabrication techniques for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs).
This review examines both top-down and bottom-up techniques, such as photolithography and inkjet printing to achieve precise patterning of PeLEDs for full-color displays.
This review discusses critical challenges, including device stability, scalable manufacturing, and microscale pixel patterning, as well as promising strategies to overcome these obstacles for the commercialization of PeLEDs.
{"title":"Scalable Manufacturing and Precise Patterning of Perovskites for Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Shuaiqi Liu, Hao Jiang, Jizhuang Wang, Li Liu, Zhiwen Zhou, Mojun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02012-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02012-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced film and patterning fabrication techniques for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs).\u0000</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review examines both top-down and bottom-up techniques, such as photolithography and inkjet printing to achieve precise patterning of PeLEDs for full-color displays.\u0000</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review discusses critical challenges, including device stability, scalable manufacturing, and microscale pixel patterning, as well as promising strategies to overcome these obstacles for the commercialization of PeLEDs.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02012-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-step-processed (TSP) inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%. Here, we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI2 clusters, which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite, leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiOx-based TSP p-i-n PSCs. These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTF)2) and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride (F-PEA) at the NiOx/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces, respectively. The functional Sn(OTF)2 not only enhances the conductivity of NiOx films but also suppresses ion migration, while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiOx/perovskite interface. Complementally, F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI2 clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer, which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface. Consequently, the optimized NiOx-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6% with superior operational stability. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs, while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26% efficiency.
{"title":"Vertical Interfacial Engineering in Two-Step-Processed Perovskite Films Enabled by Dual-Interface Modification for High-Efficiency p-i-n Solar Cells","authors":"Wenhao Zhou, Heng Liu, Haiyan Li, Weihai Zhang, Hui Li, Xia Zhou, Rouxi Chen, Wenjun Zhang, Tingting Shi, Antonio Abate, Hsing-Lin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02010-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02010-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-step-processed (TSP) inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%. Here, we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI<sub>2</sub> clusters, which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite, leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO<sub>x</sub>-based TSP p-i-n PSCs. These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTF)<sub>2</sub>) and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride (F-PEA) at the NiO<sub>x</sub>/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces, respectively. The functional Sn(OTF)<sub>2</sub> not only enhances the conductivity of NiO<sub>x</sub> films but also suppresses ion migration, while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO<sub>x</sub>/perovskite interface. Complementally, F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI<sub>2</sub> clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer, which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface. Consequently, the optimized NiO<sub>x</sub>-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6% with superior operational stability. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs, while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26% efficiency.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02010-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02013-7
Chi-Hoon Lee, Seong-Hwan Ryu, Taewon Hwang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Yoon-Seo Kim, Jin-Seong Park
Oxide semiconductors (OSs), introduced by the Hosono group in the early 2000s, have evolved from display backplane materials to promising candidates for advanced memory and logic devices. The exceptionally low leakage current of OSs and compatibility with three-dimensional (3D) architectures have recently sparked renewed interest in their use in semiconductor applications. This review begins by exploring the unique material properties of OSs, which fundamentally originate from their distinct electronic band structure. Subsequently, we focus on atomic layer deposition (ALD), a core technique for growing excellent OS films, covering both basic and advanced processes compatible with 3D scaling. The basic surface reaction mechanisms—adsorption and reaction—and their roles in film growth are introduced. Furthermore, material design strategies, such as cation selection, crystallinity control, anion doping, and heterostructure engineering, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in memory applications, including contact resistance, hydrogen instability, and lack of p-type materials, and discuss the feasibility of ALD-grown OSs as potential solutions. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the role of ALD-grown OSs in memory technologies. This review bridges material fundamentals and device-level requirements, offering a comprehensive perspective on the potential of ALD-driven OSs for next-generation semiconductor memory devices.
{"title":"Oxide Semiconductor for Advanced Memory Architectures: Atomic Layer Deposition, Key Requirement and Challenges","authors":"Chi-Hoon Lee, Seong-Hwan Ryu, Taewon Hwang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Yoon-Seo Kim, Jin-Seong Park","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02013-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02013-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxide semiconductors (OSs), introduced by the Hosono group in the early 2000s, have evolved from display backplane materials to promising candidates for advanced memory and logic devices. The exceptionally low leakage current of OSs and compatibility with three-dimensional (3D) architectures have recently sparked renewed interest in their use in semiconductor applications. This review begins by exploring the unique material properties of OSs, which fundamentally originate from their distinct electronic band structure. Subsequently, we focus on atomic layer deposition (ALD), a core technique for growing excellent OS films, covering both basic and advanced processes compatible with 3D scaling. The basic surface reaction mechanisms—adsorption and reaction—and their roles in film growth are introduced. Furthermore, material design strategies, such as cation selection, crystallinity control, anion doping, and heterostructure engineering, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in memory applications, including contact resistance, hydrogen instability, and lack of p-type materials, and discuss the feasibility of ALD-grown OSs as potential solutions. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the role of ALD-grown OSs in memory technologies. This review bridges material fundamentals and device-level requirements, offering a comprehensive perspective on the potential of ALD-driven OSs for next-generation semiconductor memory devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02013-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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