Nano-Micro Letters最新文献

Highlights

Dendrite growth represents one of the most significant challenges that impede the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Herein, Gd³⁺ ions are introduced into conventional electrolytes as a microlevelling agent to achieve dendrite-free zinc electrodeposition. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that these Gd³⁺ ions are preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc surface, which enables dendrite-free zinc anodes by activating the microlevelling effect during electrodeposition. In addition, the Gd³⁺ additives effectively inhibit side reactions and facilitate the desolvation of [Zn(H₂O)₆]²⁺, leading to highly reversible zinc plating/stripping. Due to these improvements, the zinc anode demonstrates a significantly prolonged cycle life of 2100 h and achieves an exceptional average Coulombic efficiency of 99.72% over 1400 cycles. More importantly, the Zn//NH₄V₄O₁₀ full cell shows a high capacity retention rate of 85.6% after 1000 cycles. This work not only broadens the  application of metallic cations in battery electrolytes but also provides fundamental insights into their working mechanisms.

High-temperature stealth is vital for enhancing the concealment, survivability, and longevity of critical assets. However, achieving stealth across multiple infrared bands—particularly in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band—along with microwave stealth and efficient thermal management at high temperatures, remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a strategy that integrates an IR-selective emitter (Mo/Si multilayer films) and a microwave metasurface (TiB₂–Al₂O₃–TiB₂) to enable multi-infrared band stealth, encompassing mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR), and SWIR bands, and microwave (X-band) stealth at 700 °C, with simultaneous radiative cooling in non-atmospheric window (5–8 μm). At 700 °C, the device exhibits low emissivity of 0.38/0.44/0.60 in the MWIR/LWIR/SWIR bands, reflection loss below − 3 dB in the X-band (9.6–12 GHz), and high emissivity of 0.82 in 5–8 μm range—corresponding to a cooling power of 9.57 kW m⁻². Moreover, under an input power of 17.3 kW m⁻²—equivalent to the aerodynamic heating at Mach 2.2—the device demonstrates a temperature reduction of 72.4 °C compared to a conventional low-emissivity molybdenum surface at high temperatures. This work provides comprehensive guidance on high-temperature stealth design, with far-reaching implications for multispectral information processing and thermal management in extreme high-temperature environments.

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High-nickel ternary cathodes hold a great application prospect in solid-state lithium metal batteries to achieve high-energy density, but they still suffer from structural instability and detrimental side reactions with the solid-state electrolytes. To circumvent these issues, a continuous uniform layer polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was introduced on the surface of LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ via in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN). Furthermore, the partial-cyclized treatment of PAN (cPAN) coating layer presents high ionic and electron conductivity, which can accelerate interfacial Li⁺ and electron diffusion simultaneously. And the thermodynamically stabilized cPAN coating layer cannot only effectively inhibit detrimental side reactions between cathode and solid-state electrolytes but also provide a homogeneous stress to simultaneously address the problems of bulk structural degradation, which contributes to the exceptional mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of the modified electrode. Besides, the coordination bond interaction between the cPAN and NCM811 can suppress the migration of Ni to elevate the stability of the crystal structure. Benefited from these, the In-cPAN-260@NCM811 shows excellent cycling performance with a retention of 86.8% after 300 cycles and superior rate capability. And endow the solid-state battery with thermal safety stability even at high-temperature extreme environment. This facile and scalable surface engineering represents significant progress in developing high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries.

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Alkali metal batteries (AMBs) have undergone substantial development in portable devices due to their high energy density and durable cycle performance. However, with the rising demand for smart wearable electronic devices, a growing focus on safety and durability becomes increasingly apparent. An effective strategy to address these increased requirements involves employing the quasi-solid gel electrolytes (QSGEs). This review focuses on the application of QSGEs in AMBs, emphasizing four types of gel electrolytes and their influence on battery performance and stability. First, self-healing gels are discussed to prolong battery life and enhance safety through self-repair mechanisms. Then, flexible gels are explored for their mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for wearable devices and flexible electronics. In addition, biomimetic gels inspired by natural designs are introduced for high-performance AMBs. Furthermore, biomass materials gels are presented, derived from natural biomaterials, offering environmental friendliness and biocompatibility. Finally, the perspectives and challenges for future developments are discussed in terms of enhancing the ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental stability of novel gel materials. The review underscores the significant contributions of these QSGEs in enhancing AMBs performance, including increased lifespan, safety, and adaptability, providing new insights and directions for future research and applications in the field.