Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02029-z
Yuning Li, Danke Chen, Xiaoqiu Tang, Peizhi Yu, Jingye Sun, Xue Li, Qing You, Mingqiang Zhu, Chang Gao, Linan Li, He Tian, Tao Deng
With the convergence of sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, intelligent vibration monitoring systems are undergoing transformative development. This evolution imposes stringent demands on the miniaturization, low power consumption, high integration, and environmental adaptability of transducers. Graphene, renowned for its superlative physicochemical attributes, holds significant promise for application in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). However, the inherent central symmetry of graphene restricts its utility in piezoelectric devices. Inspired by the sensilla trichoidea of spiders, a three-dimensional (3D) cilia-like monolayer graphene omnidirectional vibration transducer (CGVT) based on a stress-induced self-assembly mechanism is fabricated, demonstrating notable performance and high-temperature resistance. Furthermore, 3D vibration vector decoding is realized via an omnidirectional decoupling algorithm based on one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN) to achieve precise discrimination of vibration directions. The 3D bionic vibration-sensing system incorporates a spider web structure into a bionic cilia MEMS chip through a gold wire bonding process, enabling the realization of three distinct mechanisms for vibration detection and recognition. In particular, these devices are manufactured using silicon-based semiconductor processing techniques and MEMS fabrication methodologies, leading to a substantial reduction in the dimensions of individual components compared to traditional counterparts.
{"title":"Sensilla Trichoidea-Inspired, High-Temperature, and Omnidirectional Vibration Perception Based on Monolayer Graphene","authors":"Yuning Li, Danke Chen, Xiaoqiu Tang, Peizhi Yu, Jingye Sun, Xue Li, Qing You, Mingqiang Zhu, Chang Gao, Linan Li, He Tian, Tao Deng","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02029-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02029-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the convergence of sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, intelligent vibration monitoring systems are undergoing transformative development. This evolution imposes stringent demands on the miniaturization, low power consumption, high integration, and environmental adaptability of transducers. Graphene, renowned for its superlative physicochemical attributes, holds significant promise for application in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). However, the inherent central symmetry of graphene restricts its utility in piezoelectric devices. Inspired by the sensilla trichoidea of spiders, a three-dimensional (3D) cilia-like monolayer graphene omnidirectional vibration transducer (CGVT) based on a stress-induced self-assembly mechanism is fabricated, demonstrating notable performance and high-temperature resistance. Furthermore, 3D vibration vector decoding is realized via an omnidirectional decoupling algorithm based on one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN) to achieve precise discrimination of vibration directions. The 3D bionic vibration-sensing system incorporates a spider web structure into a bionic cilia MEMS chip through a gold wire bonding process, enabling the realization of three distinct mechanisms for vibration detection and recognition. In particular, these devices are manufactured using silicon-based semiconductor processing techniques and MEMS fabrication methodologies, leading to a substantial reduction in the dimensions of individual components compared to traditional counterparts.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02029-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature stability is essential for the precision of flexible sensors. However, constrained by the composite principle of heterogeneous materials, the existing self-compensating methods encounter substantial challenges. To tackle this, high-entropy alloy nanofibers were utilized to construct a flexible strain sensor with inherent temperature stability. This approach leverages the electrohydrodynamic direct writing; a precursor conductive network was established through the electrospinning of a high-entropy alloy acetate and polyvinylidene difluoride solution blend. Subsequently, annealing treatment facilitated metallization, resulting in the synergistic preservation of polymer stretchability and the low temperature coefficient of resistance properties of high-entropy alloys inside the nanofibers. The test results demonstrate that the high-entropy alloys flexible strain sensor exhibits a remarkably low temperature coefficient of resistance (45.59 ppm K−1) across the range of − 10 to 70 °C, a sensitivity coefficient GF of 1.12 with a 50% strain range, and a response time of 310 ms. After 6000 stretching cycles, no baseline drift or failure occurred, indicating excellent cyclic stability. Furthermore, the outstanding temperature stability of the sensor was validated through wearable application and robotic hands strain sensing conducted under varied environment temperatures. This work provides a viable design pathway for developing flexible sensors with an inherently low temperature coefficient of resistance.
{"title":"Temperature-Immune High-Entropy Alloy Flexible Strain Sensor on Electrospinning Nanofibrous Membrane","authors":"Wenxin Li, Xianruo Du, Yisheng Zhong, Ruixin Chen, Yuyang Wang, Huatan Chen, Huangping Yan, Yifang Liu, Chentao Zhang, Gaofeng Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02033-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02033-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature stability is essential for the precision of flexible sensors. However, constrained by the composite principle of heterogeneous materials, the existing self-compensating methods encounter substantial challenges. To tackle this, high-entropy alloy nanofibers were utilized to construct a flexible strain sensor with inherent temperature stability. This approach leverages the electrohydrodynamic direct writing; a precursor conductive network was established through the electrospinning of a high-entropy alloy acetate and polyvinylidene difluoride solution blend. Subsequently, annealing treatment facilitated metallization, resulting in the synergistic preservation of polymer stretchability and the low temperature coefficient of resistance properties of high-entropy alloys inside the nanofibers. The test results demonstrate that the high-entropy alloys flexible strain sensor exhibits a remarkably low temperature coefficient of resistance (45.59 ppm K<sup>−1</sup>) across the range of − 10 to 70 °C, a sensitivity coefficient GF of 1.12 with a 50% strain range, and a response time of 310 ms. After 6000 stretching cycles, no baseline drift or failure occurred, indicating excellent cyclic stability. Furthermore, the outstanding temperature stability of the sensor was validated through wearable application and robotic hands strain sensing conducted under varied environment temperatures. This work provides a viable design pathway for developing flexible sensors with an inherently low temperature coefficient of resistance.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02033-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices, combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage, emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology, covering material design, working mechanisms, and practical applications. We systematically examine diverse electrode materials, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic photosensitive materials, and composites, emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance. Special focus is placed on emerging technologies-including heterostructure engineering, surface modification, and intelligent control systems-that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity. The review also discusses current challenges, such as material stability, conversion efficiency, and standardization, and proposes strategic directions for future development. Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors, lithium-based batteries, zinc-based batteries, and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed, offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, and beyond. This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance, sustainable energy storage solutions.
{"title":"Photo-Assisted Flexible Energy Storage Devices: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects.","authors":"Xupu Jiang,Ting Ding,Rui Wang,Wujun Ma,Chuntao Lan,Min Li,Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01964-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01964-1","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices, combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage, emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology, covering material design, working mechanisms, and practical applications. We systematically examine diverse electrode materials, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic photosensitive materials, and composites, emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance. Special focus is placed on emerging technologies-including heterostructure engineering, surface modification, and intelligent control systems-that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity. The review also discusses current challenges, such as material stability, conversion efficiency, and standardization, and proposes strategic directions for future development. Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors, lithium-based batteries, zinc-based batteries, and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed, offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, and beyond. This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance, sustainable energy storage solutions.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01940-9
An Gui,Haoran Mu,Rong Yang,Guangyu Zhang,Shenghuang Lin
The increasing complexity of intelligent sensing environments, driven by the growth of Internet of Things technologies, has created a strong demand for neuromorphic systems capable of real-time, low-power multisensory perception. Traditional sensory architectures, constrained by single-modal processing and centralized computing, struggle to meet the requirements of diverse and dynamic input conditions. Multisensory neuromorphic devices offer a promising solution by mimicking the distributed, event-driven processing of biological systems. Recent efforts have explored synaptic devices and material systems that respond to various input modalities, including visual, tactile, thermal, and chemical stimuli. However, challenges remain in signal conversion, encoding compatibility, and the fusion of heterogeneous inputs without loss of unisensory information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical mechanisms, device behaviors, and integration strategies that underpin signal processing in neuromorphic hardware. We highlight synaptic mechanisms conducive to cross-modal interaction, analyze representative signal fusion approaches at the device level, and discuss future directions for constructing efficient, scalable, and biologically inspired multisensory neuromorphic systems.
{"title":"Multisensory Neuromorphic Devices: From Physics to Integration.","authors":"An Gui,Haoran Mu,Rong Yang,Guangyu Zhang,Shenghuang Lin","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01940-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01940-9","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing complexity of intelligent sensing environments, driven by the growth of Internet of Things technologies, has created a strong demand for neuromorphic systems capable of real-time, low-power multisensory perception. Traditional sensory architectures, constrained by single-modal processing and centralized computing, struggle to meet the requirements of diverse and dynamic input conditions. Multisensory neuromorphic devices offer a promising solution by mimicking the distributed, event-driven processing of biological systems. Recent efforts have explored synaptic devices and material systems that respond to various input modalities, including visual, tactile, thermal, and chemical stimuli. However, challenges remain in signal conversion, encoding compatibility, and the fusion of heterogeneous inputs without loss of unisensory information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical mechanisms, device behaviors, and integration strategies that underpin signal processing in neuromorphic hardware. We highlight synaptic mechanisms conducive to cross-modal interaction, analyze representative signal fusion approaches at the device level, and discuss future directions for constructing efficient, scalable, and biologically inspired multisensory neuromorphic systems.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"29 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01978-9
Xinyu Liu,Suhua Chen,Shenglian Luo,Bo Li,Jiajie Wang,Gaoxia Zhang,Yuqi Zhu,Jianping Zou
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties, the highest atom utilization efficiency, and uniform active sites. SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications: the opposing contradiction of activity-stability. The successful development of single-atom nano-islands (SANIs) cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures, realizing the "moving but not aggregation" of SACs, which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction. Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance, existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing "models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications." This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs, focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs, elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence, and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance, ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems. This review aims to open new perspectives, drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs, and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.
{"title":"Bright Sparks of Single-Atom and Nano-Islands in Catalysis: Breaking Activity-Stability Trade-Off.","authors":"Xinyu Liu,Suhua Chen,Shenglian Luo,Bo Li,Jiajie Wang,Gaoxia Zhang,Yuqi Zhu,Jianping Zou","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01978-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01978-9","url":null,"abstract":"Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties, the highest atom utilization efficiency, and uniform active sites. SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications: the opposing contradiction of activity-stability. The successful development of single-atom nano-islands (SANIs) cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures, realizing the \"moving but not aggregation\" of SACs, which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction. Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance, existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing \"models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.\" This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs, focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs, elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence, and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance, ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems. This review aims to open new perspectives, drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs, and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"39 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highly active and stable FeOOH cocatalysts are essential for achieving optimal performance of BiVO4 (BVO) photoanodes. Despite offering remarkable structural stability, widely used thick FeOOH cocatalysts often suffer from insufficient hole transport capability, which hinders the overall activity. The present study demonstrates that a simple photoetching strategy is able to introduce gradient distributed oxygen vacancies (GOV) in the thick FeOOH layer and significantly enhances the photogenerated holes transport dynamics. The incorporation of GOV within FeOOH not only realizes the "relay transport" of photogenerated hole through the progressive upward shift of the valence band in the spatial distribution, but also provides abundant oxidation active sites by efficient hole trapping. These improvements effectively improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and mitigate photocorrosion by the instantaneous hole extraction. Consequently, the FeOOH-GOV layer enables the BVO/FeOOH-GOV photoanode to achieve an impressive photocurrent density of 5.37 mA cm-2 and a robust operational stability up to 160 h at 1.23 VRHE, setting new benchmarks for current density and stability in FeOOH-based BVO photoanodes. This work provides an effective avenue to optimize OER cocatalysts for constructing highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting devices.
高活性和稳定的FeOOH助催化剂是实现BiVO4 （BVO）光阳极最佳性能的必要条件。尽管具有出色的结构稳定性，但广泛使用的厚FeOOH助催化剂往往存在空穴输运能力不足的问题，从而影响了整体活性。本研究表明，一种简单的光蚀刻策略能够在厚FeOOH层中引入梯度分布的氧空位（GOV），并显著增强光生空穴的传输动力学。在FeOOH中加入GOV不仅通过价带在空间分布上的递进向上移动实现了光生空穴的“接力输运”，而且通过有效的空穴捕获提供了丰富的氧化活性位点。这些改进有效地提高了析氧反应（OER）活性，并通过瞬时抽孔减轻了光腐蚀。因此，FeOOH-GOV层使BVO/FeOOH-GOV光阳极能够达到令人印象深刻的5.37 mA cm-2的光电流密度和在1.23 VRHE下长达160小时的稳健工作稳定性，为基于feooh的BVO光阳极的电流密度和稳定性设定了新的基准。本研究为构建高效稳定的光电化学水分解装置提供了优化OER共催化剂的有效途径。
{"title":"FeOOH Cocatalysts with Gradient Oxygen Vacancy Distribution Enabling Efficient and Stable BiVO4 Photoanodes.","authors":"Shiyuan Wang,Mengjia Jiao,Qian Ye,Jie Jian,Fan Li,Guirong Su,Lu Zhang,Ziying Zhang,Zelin Ma,Jiulong Wang,Yazhou Shuang,Fang Wang,Yalong Song,Lichao Jia,Hongqiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01987-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01987-8","url":null,"abstract":"Highly active and stable FeOOH cocatalysts are essential for achieving optimal performance of BiVO4 (BVO) photoanodes. Despite offering remarkable structural stability, widely used thick FeOOH cocatalysts often suffer from insufficient hole transport capability, which hinders the overall activity. The present study demonstrates that a simple photoetching strategy is able to introduce gradient distributed oxygen vacancies (GOV) in the thick FeOOH layer and significantly enhances the photogenerated holes transport dynamics. The incorporation of GOV within FeOOH not only realizes the \"relay transport\" of photogenerated hole through the progressive upward shift of the valence band in the spatial distribution, but also provides abundant oxidation active sites by efficient hole trapping. These improvements effectively improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and mitigate photocorrosion by the instantaneous hole extraction. Consequently, the FeOOH-GOV layer enables the BVO/FeOOH-GOV photoanode to achieve an impressive photocurrent density of 5.37 mA cm-2 and a robust operational stability up to 160 h at 1.23 VRHE, setting new benchmarks for current density and stability in FeOOH-based BVO photoanodes. This work provides an effective avenue to optimize OER cocatalysts for constructing highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting devices.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melt electrowriting (MEW) enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale, allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds. By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers, MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled, reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time. These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery, remote actuation, and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments, making them highly relevant for biomedical applications. This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing, including material considerations, actuation methods, and structure design strategies, along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms. The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced. Subsequently, the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed, including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW, an evaluation of applicable external stimuli, and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds. Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering, biomedical implants, and drug delivery systems are highlighted. Finally, key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation, fabrication optimization, and actuation control are discussed. This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.
{"title":"Rational Design and Functionalization of Melt Electrowritten 4D Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Yanping Zhang,Fengqiang Zhao,Aike Qiao,Youjun Liu,Menglin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01986-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01986-9","url":null,"abstract":"Melt electrowriting (MEW) enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale, allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds. By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers, MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled, reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time. These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery, remote actuation, and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments, making them highly relevant for biomedical applications. This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing, including material considerations, actuation methods, and structure design strategies, along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms. The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced. Subsequently, the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed, including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW, an evaluation of applicable external stimuli, and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds. Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering, biomedical implants, and drug delivery systems are highlighted. Finally, key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation, fabrication optimization, and actuation control are discussed. This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"29 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lip language provides a silent, intuitive, and efficient mode of communication, offering a promising solution for individuals with speech impairments. Its articulation relies on complex movements of the jaw and the muscles surrounding it. However, the accurate and real-time acquisition and decoding of these movements into reliable silent speech signals remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose a real-time silent speech recognition system, which integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator-based flexible pressure sensor (FPS) with a deep learning framework. The FPS employs a porous pyramid-structured silicone film as the negative triboelectric layer, enabling highly sensitive pressure detection in the low-force regime (1 V N- 1 for 0-10 N and 4.6 V N- 1 for 10-24 N). This allows it to precisely capture jaw movements during speech and convert them into electrical signals. To decode the signals, we proposed a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) hybrid network, combining CNN and LSTM model to extract both local spatial features and temporal dynamics. The model achieved 95.83% classification accuracy in 30 categories of daily words. Furthermore, the decoded silent speech signals can be directly translated into executable commands for contactless and precise control of the smartphone. The system can also be connected to AR glasses, offering a novel human-machine interaction approach with promising potential in AR/VR applications.
唇语提供了一种无声、直观、高效的交流方式，为有语言障碍的人提供了一种很有希望的解决方案。它的发音依赖于颌骨及其周围肌肉的复杂运动。然而，将这些动作准确实时地采集并解码为可靠的无声语音信号仍然是一个重大挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种实时无声语音识别系统，该系统将基于摩擦电纳米发电机的柔性压力传感器（FPS）与深度学习框架集成在一起。FPS采用多孔金字塔结构的有机硅薄膜作为负摩擦电层，在低力状态下（0-10 N时为1 V N- 1, 10-24 N时为4.6 V N- 1）实现高灵敏度的压力检测。这使得它可以精确地捕捉说话时下巴的运动，并将其转换为电信号。为了对信号进行解码，我们提出了卷积神经网络-长短时记忆（CNN-LSTM）混合网络，结合CNN和LSTM模型提取局部空间特征和时间动态。该模型对30类日常词汇的分类准确率达到95.83%。此外，解码后的无声语音信号可以直接转化为可执行的命令，实现对智能手机的非接触式精确控制。该系统还可以连接到AR眼镜，提供一种新颖的人机交互方式，在AR/VR应用中具有很大的潜力。
{"title":"TENG-Based Self-Powered Silent Speech Recognition Interface: from Assistive Communication to Immersive AR/VR Interaction.","authors":"Shuai Lin,Yanmin Guo,Xiangyao Zeng,Xiongtu Zhou,Yongai Zhang,Chengda Li,Chaoxing Wu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01982-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01982-z","url":null,"abstract":"Lip language provides a silent, intuitive, and efficient mode of communication, offering a promising solution for individuals with speech impairments. Its articulation relies on complex movements of the jaw and the muscles surrounding it. However, the accurate and real-time acquisition and decoding of these movements into reliable silent speech signals remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose a real-time silent speech recognition system, which integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator-based flexible pressure sensor (FPS) with a deep learning framework. The FPS employs a porous pyramid-structured silicone film as the negative triboelectric layer, enabling highly sensitive pressure detection in the low-force regime (1 V N- 1 for 0-10 N and 4.6 V N- 1 for 10-24 N). This allows it to precisely capture jaw movements during speech and convert them into electrical signals. To decode the signals, we proposed a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) hybrid network, combining CNN and LSTM model to extract both local spatial features and temporal dynamics. The model achieved 95.83% classification accuracy in 30 categories of daily words. Furthermore, the decoded silent speech signals can be directly translated into executable commands for contactless and precise control of the smartphone. The system can also be connected to AR glasses, offering a novel human-machine interaction approach with promising potential in AR/VR applications.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"48 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methods allowing passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) to be carried out in an energy-efficient and scalable way are potentially important for various disciplines. Here, we report a sustainable strategy for scalable-designed and color-regulating PDRC coating based on high-crystallinity photonic metamaterial (crystallinity: 71.5%; enhanced assembly efficiency: 72%), that is derived from the as-prepared 55 wt% solid content poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) P(MMA-BA-MAA) monodispersed latexes (approaching theoretical limit: 59 wt%). Robust meter-scale PDRC coatings are constructed by various industrial modes onto diverse surfaces, addressing bottlenecks like dull appearance, high cost, low efficiency, and hard construction. Notably, the solar reflectance, long-wave infrared emittance, and calculated theoretical cooling power of the designed PDRC coating, respectively, reach ~ 0.94, ~ 0.97, and ~ 95.5 W m-2 under solar radiation, which can achieve an average 5.3 °C sub-ambient daytime temperature drop in the summer in Nanjing. The cooling performance, scale preparation, and cost-effectiveness of the PDRC coating have extended into leading position compared with those of state-of-the-art designs. This work provides promising route to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption for global sustainability.
以节能和可扩展的方式进行被动日间辐射冷却（PDRC）的方法对各个学科都具有潜在的重要意义。在这里，我们报告了一种基于高结晶度光子超材料（结晶度：71.5%；提高组装效率：72%）的可扩展设计和调色PDRC涂层的可持续策略，该材料来自于制备的55%固体含量的聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸）P（MMA-BA-MAA）单分散乳胶（接近理论极限：59%）。坚固的米级PDRC涂料通过各种工业模式在不同的表面上构建，解决了外观暗淡、成本高、效率低和施工难等瓶颈。值得注意的是，所设计的PDRC涂层在太阳辐射下的太阳反射率、长波红外发射率和计算的理论冷却功率分别达到~ 0.94、~ 0.97和~ 95.5 W m-2，可使南京夏季白天亚环境温度平均下降5.3℃。与最先进的设计相比，PDRC涂层的冷却性能、水垢制备和成本效益已处于领先地位。这项工作为减少碳排放和能源消耗，促进全球可持续发展提供了有希望的途径。
{"title":"Scalable-Designed Photonic Metamaterial for Color-Regulating Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling.","authors":"Xiao-Qing Yu,Fucheng Li,Jiawei Wang,Nianxiang Zhang,Guo-Xing Li,Yan Song,Qing Li,Su Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01975-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01975-y","url":null,"abstract":"Methods allowing passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) to be carried out in an energy-efficient and scalable way are potentially important for various disciplines. Here, we report a sustainable strategy for scalable-designed and color-regulating PDRC coating based on high-crystallinity photonic metamaterial (crystallinity: 71.5%; enhanced assembly efficiency: 72%), that is derived from the as-prepared 55 wt% solid content poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) P(MMA-BA-MAA) monodispersed latexes (approaching theoretical limit: 59 wt%). Robust meter-scale PDRC coatings are constructed by various industrial modes onto diverse surfaces, addressing bottlenecks like dull appearance, high cost, low efficiency, and hard construction. Notably, the solar reflectance, long-wave infrared emittance, and calculated theoretical cooling power of the designed PDRC coating, respectively, reach ~ 0.94, ~ 0.97, and ~ 95.5 W m-2 under solar radiation, which can achieve an average 5.3 °C sub-ambient daytime temperature drop in the summer in Nanjing. The cooling performance, scale preparation, and cost-effectiveness of the PDRC coating have extended into leading position compared with those of state-of-the-art designs. This work provides promising route to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption for global sustainability.","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photocatalytic H2O2 Production over Ultrathin Layered Double Hydroxide with 3.92% Solar-to-H2O2 Efficiency","authors":"Yamin Xi, Zechun Lu, Tong Bao, Yingying Zou, Chaoqi Zhang, Chunhong Xia, Guangfeng Wei, Chengzhong Yu, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-02044-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-02044-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The use of layered double hydroxides for photocatalytic for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production is innovatively demonstrated.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Facet-dependent spatial charge separation enables maximized carrier utilization efficiency.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The unique role of intercalated nitrate in promoting electron-hole separation and facilitating intermolecular electron transfer is unveiled.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A record-high H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production rate of 28.7 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> with 3.92% solar-to-chemical efficiency is achieved.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-02044-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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