Inorganic high-performance fibers (IHPFs)-based composites development and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding mechanisms are reviewed.
Surface modification strategies for IHPF’s surface inertness challenge and EMI shielding layer construction are summarized.
Future directions and current challenges for achieving large-scale, durable, and environmentally stable IHPF-based EMI shielding materials are outlined.
The internal heat generation and the growth of lithium dendrites have raised severe safety issues in lithium metal batteries (LMBs), which significantly hinder their widespread adoption. Therefore, it is critical to develop intelligent separators to improve the security and performance of LMBs. Here, we engineer a self-repairing polyetherimide (PEI)-functionalized polyamide-imide (PAI@PEI) nanofiber separator with a thermal-gated function, in which the thermoplastic PEI core has an automatically thermal shutdown function via intelligent closure of apertures under high temperature, while the thermosetting PAI shell can drive the remodeling of PEI to restore its apertures. The PAI@PEI separator showcases the topmost aperture-closing temperature of 400 °C compared to the cutting-edge separators that typically have an aperture-closing temperature below 200 °C. Morphological characterization confirms that the PAI@PEI separator with a closed aperture can recover its apertures at 350 °C, endowing the PAI@PEI separator with a unique self-repairing function to enhance the longevity and safety of LMBs. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations reveal that the polar amide and imide groups in PAI@PEI separator, both before and after aperture restoration, can efficiently facilitate Li-ion dissociation and transportation for suppressing lithium dendrite growth. As a result, the aperture-restored PAI@PEI separator (R-PAI@PEI) demonstrates significantly improved overall electrochemical performance. Specifically, the R-PAI@PEI-based Li||Li cell exhibits an exceptional Li-ion transference number of 0.71 and an excellent cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2 for over 750 h, which significantly outperform commercial and state-of-the-art separator-based LMBs (typically below 0.65 and 500 h, respectively). Importantly, the R-PAI@PEI-based Li||NCM523 battery still exhibits an impressive specific capacity of 99.7 mAh g−1 at 5C and maintains 90% of its capacity after 100 cycles. These results underscore the feasibility of designing functional separator, opening a new avenue for next-generation highly safe LMBs separators.
The fading mechanisms of different kinds of state-of-the-art aqueous battery cathodes including manganese/vanadium-based material, chalcogen and halogen materials, Prussian blue analogues, as well as Ni(OH)2 cathodes were summarized.
Recent progresses on electrolyte engineering on the stability of cathode materials such as bulk electrolyte modification, electrolyte additives, water-in-salt electrolytes, and hydrogel electrolytes were systematically reviewed.
The issues that should be concerned in future electrolyte design for highly state aqueous battery cathodes were proposed.
Monodisperse and substitute Co were doped into edge-sharing [IrO6] octahedra of Ca2IrO4 model catalyst, which usually present the intrinsic and strong stability for acid oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
The optimized Janus Co–Ir local structure triggers spin balance effect with optimal eg1 orbital and uneven t2g orbital despite the large crystal field of Ir, which co-promote the OER activity with a relatively stable crystal structure.
Different from the slowly kinetics of adsorbates evolution mechanism on Ca2IrO4, superoxide path mechanism occurs on Co doped Ca2IrO4 based on the assignment of *OO on dual active sites of Ir and Co.
The hydrogel achieves an ultra-light water-based structure (0.041 g cm−3, 52.7 wt% water) by incorporating hollow foaming microspheres.
Sealed air pockets enable ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.034–0.039 W m−1 K−1) and over 50 °C thermal shielding under high-temperature conditions.
High solar reflectance (0.94) and infrared emittance (0.84) deliver up to 10.8 °C sub-ambient outdoor cooling.
We report an ambient single-step laser-driven process that simultaneously synthesizes and integrates prelithiated silicon nanoparticles into a robust graphene matrix using simple precursors.
Prelithiation is achieved in situ through interfacial solid-state reactions between Si and common lithium salt precursors during the ultrafast photothermal graphitization of phenolic resin.
Prelithiated silicon nanoparticles/laser-induced graphene anodes exhibit exceptional cycling stability (> 98% capacity retention after 2000 cycles) and near-zero performance decay in Li-ion half and full cells compared to non-lithiated counterparts.
Dual-function molecular ligand (MA) can coordinate with Pb2+ to passivate defect at grain boundaries and undergoes in-situ polymerization to form a stress-buffering network.
Attributing to the simultaneous defect suppression and strain homogenization, the MA-modified perovskite solar cells demonstrate high photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiency up to 26.42% (rigid) and 25.03% (flexible).
The MA-modified devices demonstrate excellent stability under various environmental stress conditions, including thermal aging, light irradiation, and bending.
Wafer-scale, kinetically controlled self-assembly combined with edge-controlled lift-off enables uniform and precisely patterned nanomaterial films on 8-inch wafers.
HfO2 interface passivation eliminates wet etching failures and ensures reliable integration with suspended microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) structures.
A “film-first, cantilever-later” strategy realizes 3D MEMS gas sensing chips with accurate nanomaterial incorporation, delivering high H2 sensitivity and uniformity.
Bionic self-assembly strategy forms bulk supramolecular nanohelices and interfacial dynamic bilayers to enhance ion transport and interfacial stability.
Reinforced asymmetric cells exhibit a high coulombic efficiency of 99.66% over 2400 cycles, while the corresponding full cells retain 86% of their initial capacity after 1000 cycles, demonstrating outstanding electrochemical stability and durability.
Scorpion tail-inspired flexible battery design provides stable energy output under various mechanical states and powers wearable sensors.
Janus MoSSe-based floating-gate memory exhibits ultrafast charge-trapping dynamics and stable charge retention exceeding 108 s under low-voltage operation.
The intrinsic out-of-plane dipole moment in Janus MoSSe effectively suppresses leakage current and enlarges the memory window, even with ultrathin h-BN tunneling layers.
The proposed all-van der Waals heterostructure provides a scalable platform for high-speed, energy-efficient, and reliable nonvolatile memory applications.
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