Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108065
Paige N. Brinzo, Silvia S. Martins
Objectives
Previous reports have described variations in opioid overdose mortalities among different race/ethnicity groups. We have analyzed racial/ethnicity trends in opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose mortalities in adolescents and young adults to further characterize differences and potential sub-epidemics within this specific population.
Methods
We used mortality data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death file from 1999 to 2020. Drug overdose mortalities were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Joinpoint regression was used to examine mortality rates for all opioids, opioids with a stimulant, opioids with benzodiazepines, and opioids with alcohol among racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic other) in adolescents and young adults.
Results
The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for mortality due to opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose increased for all racial/ethnic groups where data was available for analysis from 1999 to 2020. For mortality due to any opioid and any opioid with a stimulant, the greatest AAPC was seen among non-Hispanic Blacks.
Conclusions
Unprecedented increases in mortality due to opioid overdose occurred in the last two decades among adolescents and young adults. Heterogenous trends support the notion that the previously defined opioid overdose epidemic “waves” may not accurately depict the effects of the crisis in all race/ethnicity groups. Additionally, alarming increases in opioid-stimulant overdose mortality starting in 2012 further characterize the interrelated effects of the third and fourth waves.
{"title":"Racial/ethnic trends in opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose mortality in adolescents and young adults, 1999–2020","authors":"Paige N. Brinzo, Silvia S. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Previous reports have described variations in opioid overdose mortalities among different race/ethnicity groups. We have analyzed racial/ethnicity trends in opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose mortalities in adolescents and young adults to further characterize differences and potential sub-epidemics within this specific population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used mortality data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death file from 1999 to 2020. Drug overdose mortalities were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Joinpoint regression was used to examine mortality rates for all opioids, opioids with a stimulant, opioids with benzodiazepines, and opioids with alcohol among racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic other) in adolescents and young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for mortality due to opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose increased for all racial/ethnic groups where data was available for analysis from 1999 to 2020. For mortality due to any opioid and any opioid with a stimulant, the greatest AAPC was seen among non-Hispanic Blacks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Unprecedented increases in mortality due to opioid overdose occurred in the last two decades among adolescents and young adults. Heterogenous trends support the notion that the previously defined opioid overdose epidemic “waves” may not accurately depict the effects of the crisis in all race/ethnicity groups. Additionally, alarming increases in opioid-stimulant overdose mortality starting in 2012 further characterize the interrelated effects of the third and fourth waves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108063
Ashlynn M. Ruleman, Stephanie L. Clendennen, Baojiang Chen, Melissa B. Harrell
Objective
This study examines differences in reasons for e-cigarette, cigarette, and cannabis use across exclusive, dual, co-, and poly co-users.
Methods
Participants were 645 young adults who reported past 30-day (P30D) use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or cannabis at wave 14 (Fall, 2021) of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco Marketing and Surveillance System (TATAMS). Exclusive users reported P30D use of one product, dual users reported P30D use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, co-users reported use of cannabis and one tobacco product, and poly co-users reported P30D use of all three products. Participants were asked if they agreed with a series of reasons for using their respective products. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between reasons for use and pattern of use, controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, and lifetime product use.
Results
26.36 % of P30D users reported cannabis and tobacco use. Poly co-users were more likely to report using e-cigarettes because their friends do than e-cigarette co-users (aRRR = 2.64; 95 %CI = 1.19–5.83) and dual tobacco users (aRRR = 5.11; 95 %CI = 1.73–15.12). Poly co-users were more likely to smoke cigarettes while drinking alcohol (aRRR = 4.68; 95 %CI = 1.06–20.72) or to experience a pleasurable buzz (aRRR = 5.48; 95 %CI = 1.62–18.57) than exclusive cigarette users. Poly co-users more often reported using cannabis for taste (aRRR = 3.13; 95 %CI = 1.51–6.51), because their friends use it (aRRR = 2.19; 95 %CI = 1.08–4.42), and while drinking alcohol (aRRR = 2.13; 95 %CI = 1.03–4.41) than exclusive cannabis users.
Conclusions
Given that reasons for use differ significantly among types of multiple product users and exclusive users, interventions should be tailored to address the specific tobacco and cannabis use practices of young adults.
{"title":"Reasons for multiple tobacco product and cannabis co-use among Texas young adults","authors":"Ashlynn M. Ruleman, Stephanie L. Clendennen, Baojiang Chen, Melissa B. Harrell","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study examines differences in reasons for e-cigarette, cigarette, and cannabis use across exclusive, dual, co-, and poly co-users.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 645 young adults who reported past 30-day (P30D) use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or cannabis at wave 14 (Fall, 2021) of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco Marketing and Surveillance System (TATAMS). Exclusive users reported P30D use of one product, dual users reported P30D use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, co-users reported use of cannabis and one tobacco product, and poly co-users reported P30D use of all three products. Participants were asked if they agreed with a series of reasons for using their respective products. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between reasons for use and pattern of use, controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, and lifetime product use.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>26.36 % of P30D users reported cannabis and tobacco use. Poly co-users were more likely to report using e-cigarettes because their friends do than e-cigarette co-users (aRRR = 2.64; 95 %CI = 1.19–5.83) and dual tobacco users (aRRR = 5.11; 95 %CI = 1.73–15.12). Poly co-users were more likely to smoke cigarettes while drinking alcohol (aRRR = 4.68; 95 %CI = 1.06–20.72) or to experience a pleasurable buzz (aRRR = 5.48; 95 %CI = 1.62–18.57) than exclusive cigarette users. Poly co-users more often reported using cannabis for taste (aRRR = 3.13; 95 %CI = 1.51–6.51), because their friends use it (aRRR = 2.19; 95 %CI = 1.08–4.42), and while drinking alcohol (aRRR = 2.13; 95 %CI = 1.03–4.41) than exclusive cannabis users.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Given that reasons for use differ significantly among types of multiple product users and exclusive users, interventions should be tailored to address the specific tobacco and cannabis use practices of young adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108061
Xia Zheng , Wenbo Li , Ruobing Li , Meng Yang , Hsien-Chang Lin
Introduction
Social media are important venues for youth’s exposure to e-cigarette content. This study examined how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (i.e., content created and shared by individual social media users) is associated with vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use among youth non-users.
Methods
We pooled data from the 2021 and 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youth who have never used e-cigarettes were included. Weighted linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (from real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers) on social media was associated with e-cigarette use vulnerabilities measured by perceived norms, perceived risk, and susceptibility of use, controlling for demographics, advertising exposure, and mental health conditions. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data.
Results
Exposure to e-cigarette content on social media posted by real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers were associated with more positive descriptive norm (βs = 1.56, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, all ps < .001), more positive injunctive norm (βs = 0.46, 0.19, and 0.10, respectively, all ps < .001), and higher odds of e-cigarette use susceptibility (ORs = 1.48, 1.50. 1.29, respectively, all ps < .001). Exposure to content posted by real-life and online-only friends were associated with reduced risk perception of e-cigarette use (β = −0.04, p < 0.05 and β = −0.07, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Our study highlighted that friends and celebrities/influencers are important sources on social media that can influence youth non-users’ vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use. Interventional messages communicated through friends and influencers on social media may in turn help reduce e-cigarette vulnerability among youth non-users.
引言 社交媒体是青少年接触电子烟内容的重要途径。本研究探讨了接触用户生成的电子烟内容(即由社交媒体用户个人创建和分享的内容)与未使用电子烟的青少年使用电子烟的脆弱性之间的关系。其中包括从未使用过电子烟的青少年。我们进行了加权线性回归和逻辑回归,以研究在社交媒体上接触用户生成的电子烟内容(来自现实生活中的朋友、在线朋友和名人/影响者)与电子烟使用脆弱性的关系,电子烟使用脆弱性由感知规范、感知风险和使用易感性来衡量,同时控制人口统计学、广告接触和心理健康状况。结果暴露于社交媒体上由现实生活中的朋友、在线朋友和名人/影响者发布的电子烟内容与更积极的描述性规范相关(βs = 1.56, 0.37, and 0.35, all ps < .001), more positive injunctive norm (βs = 0.46, 0.19, and 0.10, all ps < .001), and higher odds of e-cigarette use susceptibility (ORs = 1.48, 1.50. 1.29, respectively, all ps < .001).我们的研究强调,朋友和名人/影响者是社交媒体上的重要来源,可以影响非用户青少年使用电子烟的易感性。通过社交媒体上的朋友和有影响力的人传播的干预信息反过来可能有助于降低非吸烟青少年使用电子烟的可能性。
{"title":"Exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content on social media associated with greater vulnerability to e-cigarette use among youth non-users","authors":"Xia Zheng , Wenbo Li , Ruobing Li , Meng Yang , Hsien-Chang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Social media are important venues for youth’s exposure to e-cigarette content. This study examined how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (i.e., content created and shared by individual social media users) is associated with vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use among youth non-users.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We pooled data from the 2021 and 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Youth who have never used e-cigarettes were included. Weighted linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine how exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content (from real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers) on social media was associated with e-cigarette use vulnerabilities measured by perceived norms, perceived risk, and susceptibility of use, controlling for demographics, advertising exposure, and mental health conditions. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Exposure to e-cigarette content on social media posted by real-life friends, online-only friends, and celebrities/influencers were associated with more positive descriptive norm (<em>β</em>s = 1.56, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, all <em>p</em>s < .001), more positive injunctive norm (<em>β</em>s = 0.46, 0.19, and 0.10, respectively, all <em>p</em>s < .001), and higher odds of e-cigarette use susceptibility (ORs = 1.48, 1.50. 1.29, respectively, all <em>p</em>s < .001). Exposure to content posted by real-life and online-only friends were associated with reduced risk perception of e-cigarette use (<em>β</em> = −0.04, <em>p</em> < 0.05 and <em>β</em> = −0.07, <em>p</em> < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlighted that friends and celebrities/influencers are important sources on social media that can influence youth non-users’ vulnerabilities to e-cigarette use. Interventional messages communicated through friends and influencers on social media may in turn help reduce e-cigarette vulnerability among youth non-users.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108064
Alexander L. Wallace , Kelly E. Courtney , Natasha E. Wade , Neal Doran , Everett L. Delfel , Rachel Baca , Laura E. Hatz , Courtney Thompson , Gianna Andrade , Joanna Jacobus
Introduction
Cannabis and nicotine/tobacco products (NTP) are commonly co-used in adolescence and young adulthood; however, limited research has been done on predictive health behaviors to co-use. The current study is a preliminary investigation into the relationships of modifiable health behaviors on cannabis and NTP co-use in adolescents and young adults.
Method
221 participants (ages 16–22) were characterized into cannabis use only (N = 55), NTP use only (N = 20), cannabis and NTP co-use (used cannabis and NTP; N = 96) and control (no use; N = 50) groups based on past 30-day use. Self-report measures for physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, and reward responsivity were utilized. Participants were given a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Logistic regressions of self-report measures and fluid intelligence composite scores on substance use group status were run stratified by sex.
Results
Higher approach reward sensitivity traits were associated with increased likelihood of cannabis use only (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.15, p = .036) in female participants. Increased aerobic activity was associated with decreased likelihood of cannabis use only (OR = 0.91, p = .047) and cannabis and NTP co-use (OR = 0.88, p = .007) in female participants. Higher anxiety was associated with increased likelihood of cannabis NTP co-use (OR = 1.51, p = 0.025) in male participants.
Discussion
Several health behaviors were linked with cannabis use and cannabis and NTP co-use in both females and male adolescents and young adults. Health markers differed by sex suggesting differing mechanisms of substance co-use. This study informs targetable health behaviors for prevention and intervention efforts.
{"title":"A preliminary investigation of physical and mental health features of cannabis & nicotine co-use among adolescents and young adults by sex","authors":"Alexander L. Wallace , Kelly E. Courtney , Natasha E. Wade , Neal Doran , Everett L. Delfel , Rachel Baca , Laura E. Hatz , Courtney Thompson , Gianna Andrade , Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cannabis and nicotine/tobacco products (NTP) are commonly co-used in adolescence and young adulthood; however, limited research has been done on predictive health behaviors to co-use. The current study is a preliminary investigation into the relationships of modifiable health behaviors on cannabis and NTP co-use in adolescents and young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>221 participants (ages 16–22) were characterized into cannabis use only (N = 55), NTP use only (N = 20), cannabis and NTP co-use (used cannabis and NTP; N = 96) and control (no use; N = 50) groups based on past 30-day use. Self-report measures for physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, and reward responsivity were utilized. Participants were given a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Logistic regressions of self-report measures and fluid intelligence composite scores on substance use group status were run stratified by sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Higher approach reward sensitivity traits were associated with increased likelihood of cannabis use only (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.15, p = .036) in female participants. Increased aerobic activity was associated with decreased likelihood of cannabis use only (OR = 0.91, p = .047) and cannabis and NTP co-use (OR = 0.88, p = .007) in female participants. Higher anxiety was associated with increased likelihood of cannabis NTP co-use (OR = 1.51, p = 0.025) in male participants.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Several health behaviors were linked with cannabis use and cannabis and NTP co-use in both females and male adolescents and young adults. Health markers differed by sex suggesting differing mechanisms of substance co-use. This study informs targetable health behaviors for prevention and intervention efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problematic internet use (PIU) and depression usually co-occur and are common among college students. According to network theory, it may be attributed to the interplay of symptoms that connect these two mental health problems. However, most studies have failed to examine complex and subtle connections at the symptom level and have not clarified how PIU and depression symptoms are intercorrelated, which symptoms serve as the source of comorbidity (i.e., the central symptoms), and whether such a comorbidity mechanism would change with higher grades. To explore these questions, this study examined four contemporaneous networks and three cross-lagged panel networks, visualizing the symptoms as nodes and the connections between symptoms as edges. A total of 2,420 college students (Mage = 18.35, SD = 0.84; 67.98 % girls) completed four annual surveys. Overall, the results of contemporaneous networks and cross-lagged panel networks indicated that (a) PIU and depression symptoms are intercorrelated; (b) the core symptoms responsible for comorbidity mostly belonged to PIU, and (c) the comorbidity mechanism would change with time. These findings explain the dynamic relation between PIU and depression and identify possible primary symptoms that comorbidity programs can mitigate at different stages of the college years.
{"title":"The comorbidity mechanism of problematic internet use and depression among Chinese college students: A cross-lagged panel network analysis","authors":"Jichao Jia , Wei Tong , Xiaoyue Wang , Xiaoyi Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Problematic internet use (PIU) and depression usually co-occur and are common among college students. According to network theory, it may be attributed to the interplay of symptoms that connect these two mental health problems. However, most studies have failed to examine complex and subtle connections at the symptom level and have not clarified how PIU and depression symptoms are intercorrelated, which symptoms serve as the source of comorbidity (i.e., the central symptoms), and whether such a comorbidity mechanism would change with higher grades. To explore these questions, this study examined four contemporaneous networks and three cross-lagged panel networks, visualizing the symptoms as nodes and the connections between symptoms as edges. A total of 2,420 college students (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 18.35, <em>SD</em> = 0.84; 67.98 % girls) completed four annual surveys. Overall, the results of contemporaneous networks and cross-lagged panel networks indicated that (a) PIU and depression symptoms are intercorrelated; (b) the core symptoms responsible for comorbidity mostly belonged to PIU, and (c) the comorbidity mechanism would change with time. These findings explain the dynamic relation between PIU and depression and identify possible primary symptoms that comorbidity programs can mitigate at different stages of the college years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108060
Elizabeth M. Upton , Joseph LaRocca , Abby E. Rudolph , April M. Young , Jennifer R. Havens
Background
Prior studies have shown that individuals and their peers often have similar substance use behaviors, but the mechanisms driving these similarities – particularly in rural settings, are not well understood. The primary objectives of this analysis are to (1) identify factors that contribute to relationship turnover and maintenance within a rural network of persons who use drugs (PWUD), (2) determine whether assimilation and/or homophily shape participants use of injection drugs, heroin, and stimulants (methamphetamine and cocaine), and (3) assess the extent that these mechanisms influence networks ties and/or behaviors and whether these effects vary across time.
Methods
Sociometric network data were collected from a cohort of PWUD in rural Eastern Kentucky at baseline (2008–2010) and at four follow-up visits conducted approximately semiannually. Stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMS) were used to model network structure and participant behaviors as jointly dependent variables and to identify characteristics associated with the maintenance, dissolution, and formation of network ties and changes in drug use behaviors.
Results
Findings suggest (1) greater network stability over time for reciprocal and transitive relationships, (2) both homophily and assimilation played a greater role in shaping injection drug use (IDU) initiation and cessation than they did in shaping heroin and stimulant use, and (3) the importance of these mechanisms appeared consistent over time.
Conclusion
Given the stability of particular network structures and evidence of both homophily and assimilation with respect to drug-use behaviors, interventions that leverage social networks could be used to motivate health-promoting behaviors.
{"title":"Examining the social and behavioral dynamics of substance use in a longitudinal network study in rural Appalachia","authors":"Elizabeth M. Upton , Joseph LaRocca , Abby E. Rudolph , April M. Young , Jennifer R. Havens","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prior studies have shown that individuals and their peers often have similar substance use behaviors, but the mechanisms driving these similarities – particularly in rural settings, are not well understood. The primary objectives of this analysis are to (1) identify factors that contribute to relationship turnover and maintenance within a rural network of persons who use drugs (PWUD), (2) determine whether assimilation and/or homophily shape participants use of injection drugs, heroin, and stimulants (methamphetamine and cocaine), and (3) assess the extent that these mechanisms influence networks ties and/or behaviors and whether these effects vary across time.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sociometric network data were collected from a cohort of PWUD in rural Eastern Kentucky at baseline (2008–2010) and at four follow-up visits conducted approximately semiannually. Stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMS) were used to model network structure and participant behaviors as jointly dependent variables and to identify characteristics associated with the maintenance, dissolution, and formation of network ties and changes in drug use behaviors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Findings suggest (1) greater network stability over time for reciprocal and transitive relationships, (2) both homophily and assimilation played a greater role in shaping injection drug use (IDU) initiation and cessation than they did in shaping heroin and stimulant use, and (3) the importance of these mechanisms appeared consistent over time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Given the stability of particular network structures and evidence of both homophily and assimilation with respect to drug-use behaviors, interventions that leverage social networks could be used to motivate health-promoting behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108058
Joshua B. Grubbs , Alex J. Connolly , Christopher G. Floyd , Hyoun S. Kim , Shane W. Kraus
{"title":"Impulsivity and diverse forms of sports wagering in the U.S.: An examination of the UPPS-P model","authors":"Joshua B. Grubbs , Alex J. Connolly , Christopher G. Floyd , Hyoun S. Kim , Shane W. Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108059
Christopher Whitlock , Claire Chang , Regina Onishchenko , Madgean Joassaint , Emily Madlambayan , Lauren Oshman , Christopher J. Frank
Purpose
Rates of cannabis use during pregnancy are highest for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This study aims to understand AYA perspectives regarding the medical and legal consequences of prenatal and parental cannabis use.
Methods
This study delivered five open-ended survey questions regarding prenatal cannabis use in May/June 2022 via a text message polling platform to the MyVoice cohort, a cohort of AYA aged 14–24 throughout the United States recruited from social media to target national benchmarks set by the American Community Survey. We used qualitative content analysis to analyze open-ended responses and summarized code frequency and demographic data with descriptive statistics.
Results
Of 826 AYAs, 666 responded to at least one question (response rate = 80.6 %) and the mean age of respondents was 19.9 years (SD = 2.3). We identified four themes from responses: (1) AYA believe cannabis is harmful during pregnancy, (2) they are divided on whether prenatal cannabis exposure should be considered child abuse or neglect, (3) they have mixed attitudes about safe parenting and regular cannabis use, and (4) they support counseling from health care professionals about prenatal cannabis use.
Conclusions
AYAs were concerned about potential risks of prenatal cannabis exposure and want clinicians to counsel about cannabis use during pregnancy. More than one in three AYAs surveyed felt prenatal cannabis use should be classified as child abuse or neglect, in contrast to the declining perception of risk among pregnant people.
{"title":"Perspectives of adolescents and young adults on cannabis use during pregnancy","authors":"Christopher Whitlock , Claire Chang , Regina Onishchenko , Madgean Joassaint , Emily Madlambayan , Lauren Oshman , Christopher J. Frank","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Rates of cannabis use during pregnancy are highest for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This study aims to understand AYA perspectives regarding the medical and legal consequences of prenatal and parental cannabis use.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study delivered five open-ended survey questions regarding prenatal cannabis use in May/June 2022 via a text message polling platform to the MyVoice cohort, a cohort of AYA aged 14–24 throughout the United States recruited from social media to target national benchmarks set by the American Community Survey. We used qualitative content analysis to analyze open-ended responses and summarized code frequency and demographic data with descriptive statistics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 826 AYAs, 666 responded to at least one question (response rate = 80.6 %) and the mean age of respondents was 19.9 years (SD = 2.3). We identified four themes from responses: (1) AYA believe cannabis is harmful during pregnancy, (2) they are divided on whether prenatal cannabis exposure should be considered child abuse or neglect, (3) they have mixed attitudes about safe parenting and regular cannabis use, and (4) they support counseling from health care professionals about prenatal cannabis use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>AYAs were concerned about potential risks of prenatal cannabis exposure and want clinicians to counsel about cannabis use during pregnancy. More than one in three AYAs surveyed felt prenatal cannabis use should be classified as child abuse or neglect, in contrast to the declining perception of risk among pregnant people.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108048
Campbell Ince , Lucy Albertella , Chang Liu , Jeggan Tiego , Leonardo F. Fontenelle , Samuel R. Chamberlain , Murat Yücel , Kristian Rotaru
Modern internet pornography allows users to harness sexual novelty in numerous ways, which can be used to overcome desensitisation through increasing volume of use (quantitative tolerance), progressing to more stimulating genres (qualitative escalation), skipping between stimuli (tab-jumping), delaying orgasm (‘edging’), and engaging in pornographic binges. However, existing research has not yet evaluated how these potentially reciprocal consumption patterns relate to problematic pornography use (PPU). To this end, we recruited two independent samples of male pornography users (N1 = 1,356, Mage = 36.86, SD = 11.26; N2 = 944, Mage = 38.69, SD = 12.26) and examined the relationships between these behavioural dimensions and self-reported difficulties in controlling one’s pornography use. Data were analysed through the network analysis approach (using Gaussian graphical models). As hypothesised, i) quantitative tolerance was centrally placed within the overall network, and ii) acted as a statistical bridge node between other patterns of pornography use (e.g., pornographic binges), and all measured facets of PPU. Our results are consistent with other emerging literature suggesting that tolerance, pornographic binges, tab-jumping, and edging behaviours as relevant features of PPU, and that upscaling overall usage may connect broader patterns of use with problematic engagement. Clinical and theoretical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
{"title":"Problematic pornography use and novel patterns of escalating use: A cross-sectional network analysis with two independent samples","authors":"Campbell Ince , Lucy Albertella , Chang Liu , Jeggan Tiego , Leonardo F. Fontenelle , Samuel R. Chamberlain , Murat Yücel , Kristian Rotaru","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern internet pornography allows users to harness sexual novelty in numerous ways, which can be used to overcome desensitisation through increasing volume of use (quantitative tolerance), progressing to more stimulating genres (qualitative escalation), skipping between stimuli (tab-jumping), delaying orgasm (‘edging’), and engaging in pornographic binges. However, existing research has not yet evaluated how these potentially reciprocal consumption patterns relate to problematic pornography use (PPU). To this end, we recruited two independent samples of male pornography users (<em>N</em><sub>1</sub> = 1,356, <em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 36.86, <em>SD</em> = 11.26; <em>N</em><sub>2</sub> = 944, <em>M<sub>age</sub></em> = 38.69, <em>SD</em> = 12.26) and examined the relationships between these behavioural dimensions and self-reported difficulties in controlling one’s pornography use. Data were analysed through the network analysis approach (using Gaussian graphical models). As hypothesised, i) quantitative tolerance was centrally placed within the overall network, and ii) acted as a statistical bridge node between other patterns of pornography use (e.g., pornographic binges), and all measured facets of PPU. Our results are consistent with other emerging literature suggesting that tolerance, pornographic binges, tab-jumping, and edging behaviours as relevant features of<!--> <!-->PPU, and that upscaling overall usage may connect broader patterns of use with problematic engagement. Clinical and theoretical implications, as well as future research directions, are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108049
Francisco J. López-Fernández , Laura Mezquita , Verónica Vidal-Arenas , Yanina Michelini , Adrian J. Bravo , Angelina Pilatti , Generós Ortet , Manuel I. Ibáñez , Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (CAST)
Introduction
Previous research has shown that personality traits and gaming motives are important predictors for explaining regular and disordered gaming. However, the mediating role of gaming motives in the relation between personality traits and video game outcomes (e.g., time spent gaming or disordered gaming) has been scarcely studied and limited cross-national studies have addressed this issue. The present study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the Big Five personality traits on weekly gaming and disordered gaming via gaming motives across seven countries.
Method
3540 college student gamers (59.5% women) from the U.S., Canada, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa and England completed the online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test models. Multigroup models were employed to test model invariance across countries.
Results
Significant, albeit weak, relations were found between personality traits and gaming outcomes, and were mediated mostly by coping motives in predicting disordered gaming, and by social interaction and recreation (to a lesser extent) motives in predicting weekly gaming. Some minor, yet significant, differences across countries appeared and are discussed in detail.
Discussion
The present findings indicate that the differential interrelations between personality traits, gaming motives, and video gaming outcomes may be generalized in college students across countries.
{"title":"Big five personality traits, gaming motives, and regular and disordered gaming: A cross-national examination among college student gamers in seven countries","authors":"Francisco J. López-Fernández , Laura Mezquita , Verónica Vidal-Arenas , Yanina Michelini , Adrian J. Bravo , Angelina Pilatti , Generós Ortet , Manuel I. Ibáñez , Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team (CAST)","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Previous research has shown that personality traits and gaming motives are important predictors for explaining regular and disordered gaming. However, the mediating role of gaming motives in the relation between personality traits and video game outcomes (e.g., time spent gaming or disordered gaming) has been scarcely studied and limited cross-national studies have addressed this issue. The present study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the Big Five personality traits on weekly gaming and disordered gaming <em>via</em> gaming motives across seven countries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>3540 college student gamers (59.5% women) from the U.S., Canada, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa and England completed the online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test models. Multigroup models were employed to test model invariance across countries.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant, albeit weak, relations were found between personality traits and gaming outcomes, and were mediated mostly by coping motives in predicting disordered gaming, and by social interaction and recreation (to a lesser extent) motives in predicting weekly gaming. Some minor, yet significant, differences across countries appeared and are discussed in detail.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The present findings indicate that the differential interrelations between personality traits, gaming motives, and video gaming outcomes may be generalized in college students across countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460324000984/pdfft?md5=da07820c3361a0573f57804acd4ace87&pid=1-s2.0-S0306460324000984-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}