Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.57846
Ana Lúcia Paz Barateiro Stuchi, D. R. Moreira, Douglas Galhardo, S. A. Santos, L. Ronqui, L. B. Cantagalli, D. Lopes, A. A. Sinópolis-Gigliolli, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, M. Ruvolo-Takasusuki
Stingless bees are important pollinators for various plant crops. We investigated the susceptibility of Tetragonisca fiebrigi to sublethal concentrations of insecticides fipronil, malathion, and thiamethoxam (administered through contact and ingestion) by determining the LC50 values after 24 hours of exposure and analyzing changes in the activity of esterase isoenzymes and the chromatin in brain cells. The LC50 values showed that all three insecticides were highly toxic through contact and ingestion. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the relative EST-4 (carboxylesterase) activity in T. fiebrigi was partially inhibited by malathion and fipronil ingestion. Moreover, the EST-4 band intensity was increased following high-concentration thiamethoxam (contact) exposure, indicating the increased relative activity of this isoenzyme to detoxify the compound. In the cytochemical analysis of brain cells, the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) points for the control stingless bees and malathion ingestion-exposed and thiamethoxam-exposed (contact and ingestion) stingless bees were in the range of 0.20-0.30 M MgCl2, whereas that for malathion contact-exposed bees was 0.15 M MgCl2, indicating chromatin relaxation and suggesting an increase in gene expression. In conclusion, T. fiebrigi stingless bees are susceptible to the insecticides tested, and the parameters analyzed may be used as biomarkers to detect the presence of these compounds.
无刺蜜蜂是各种植物作物的重要传粉者。我们通过测定暴露24小时后的LC50值并分析酯酶同位酶活性和脑细胞染色质的变化，研究了fiebrigi Tetragonisca fiebrigi对亚致死浓度杀虫剂氟虫腈、马拉硫磷和噻虫嗪(通过接触和摄入)的敏感性。LC50值表明，三种杀虫剂经接触和误食均具有高毒性。电泳分析表明，摄入马拉硫磷和氟虫腈可部分抑制棘球绦虫EST-4(羧酸酯酶)活性。此外，高浓度噻虫嗪(接触)暴露后，EST-4波段强度增加，表明该同位酶对化合物解毒的相对活性增加。在脑细胞细胞化学分析中，无刺蜜蜂对照组、马拉硫磷暴露组和噻虫嗪暴露组(接触和摄入)的临界电解质浓度(CEC)点在0.20-0.30 M MgCl2之间，而接触马拉硫磷暴露组的临界电解质浓度(CEC)点为0.15 M MgCl2，表明染色质松弛，基因表达增加。综上所述，无刺弓形蜂对所测杀虫剂敏感，所分析的参数可作为检测这些化合物存在的生物标志物。
{"title":"Comparative toxicity of fipronil, malathion, and thiamethoxam on the stingless bee Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Schwarz, 1938)","authors":"Ana Lúcia Paz Barateiro Stuchi, D. R. Moreira, Douglas Galhardo, S. A. Santos, L. Ronqui, L. B. Cantagalli, D. Lopes, A. A. Sinópolis-Gigliolli, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, M. Ruvolo-Takasusuki","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.57846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.57846","url":null,"abstract":"Stingless bees are important pollinators for various plant crops. We investigated the susceptibility of Tetragonisca fiebrigi to sublethal concentrations of insecticides fipronil, malathion, and thiamethoxam (administered through contact and ingestion) by determining the LC50 values after 24 hours of exposure and analyzing changes in the activity of esterase isoenzymes and the chromatin in brain cells. The LC50 values showed that all three insecticides were highly toxic through contact and ingestion. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the relative EST-4 (carboxylesterase) activity in T. fiebrigi was partially inhibited by malathion and fipronil ingestion. Moreover, the EST-4 band intensity was increased following high-concentration thiamethoxam (contact) exposure, indicating the increased relative activity of this isoenzyme to detoxify the compound. In the cytochemical analysis of brain cells, the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) points for the control stingless bees and malathion ingestion-exposed and thiamethoxam-exposed (contact and ingestion) stingless bees were in the range of 0.20-0.30 M MgCl2, whereas that for malathion contact-exposed bees was 0.15 M MgCl2, indicating chromatin relaxation and suggesting an increase in gene expression. In conclusion, T. fiebrigi stingless bees are susceptible to the insecticides tested, and the parameters analyzed may be used as biomarkers to detect the presence of these compounds.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78728019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58456
B. S. Francisco, F. B. Dutra, E. Viveiros, L. S. Almeida, Matheus Fontes Souza, P. C. Souza Filho, J. M. S. Silva, F. Piña-Rodrigues
Mulching use in agriculture has been known since 1802 as the practice of spreading dry leaves and straw on the soil to prevent erosion and water loss. Our study evaluated the mulch effectiveness in the establishment of regenerating seedlings and its contribution to the control of exotic grasses. The studies were carried out in an ecological restoration area in the municipality of Itapira-SP. The treatment with mulching consisted in chemical desiccation with glyphosate herbicide application, keeping the dry grass on the ground. In the control treatment, after chemical weeding, the grass was removed with manual mowing, exposing the soil. Eight months after implantation, we sampled all regenerating seedlings in 100 plots of 50 x 50 cm in each treatment. We considered as seedlings all individuals of tree species less than 100 cm tall. We calculated richness, abundance, similarity, and the relationship of the frequency of seedlings to the height of the mulch. We sampled eight species with 42 seedlings, with only one not identified. The highest abundance and species richness were found in the treatment with mulch (n = 34 individuals; eight species), the most abundant being Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (14 individuals) followed by Solanum mauritianum Scop. (11 individuals), and Platypodium elegans Vog. (three individuals). The presence of exotic grasses was lower in the plots of the mulching (13%) compared to the control treatment (67%). The highest frequency of seedlings was obtained with mulch height from 21 to 37 cm. We suggest that adaptive management practices, such as the use of the mulching technique, can be implemented in ecological restoration areas, because they favor the natural regeneration of native seedlings and can contribute to the control of exotic grasses, but the height of the layer must be controlled.
{"title":"Can mulch be effective in controlling exotic grasses and promoting natural regeneration in ecological restoration?","authors":"B. S. Francisco, F. B. Dutra, E. Viveiros, L. S. Almeida, Matheus Fontes Souza, P. C. Souza Filho, J. M. S. Silva, F. Piña-Rodrigues","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58456","url":null,"abstract":"Mulching use in agriculture has been known since 1802 as the practice of spreading dry leaves and straw on the soil to prevent erosion and water loss. Our study evaluated the mulch effectiveness in the establishment of regenerating seedlings and its contribution to the control of exotic grasses. The studies were carried out in an ecological restoration area in the municipality of Itapira-SP. The treatment with mulching consisted in chemical desiccation with glyphosate herbicide application, keeping the dry grass on the ground. In the control treatment, after chemical weeding, the grass was removed with manual mowing, exposing the soil. Eight months after implantation, we sampled all regenerating seedlings in 100 plots of 50 x 50 cm in each treatment. We considered as seedlings all individuals of tree species less than 100 cm tall. We calculated richness, abundance, similarity, and the relationship of the frequency of seedlings to the height of the mulch. We sampled eight species with 42 seedlings, with only one not identified. The highest abundance and species richness were found in the treatment with mulch (n = 34 individuals; eight species), the most abundant being Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (14 individuals) followed by Solanum mauritianum Scop. (11 individuals), and Platypodium elegans Vog. (three individuals). The presence of exotic grasses was lower in the plots of the mulching (13%) compared to the control treatment (67%). The highest frequency of seedlings was obtained with mulch height from 21 to 37 cm. We suggest that adaptive management practices, such as the use of the mulching technique, can be implemented in ecological restoration areas, because they favor the natural regeneration of native seedlings and can contribute to the control of exotic grasses, but the height of the layer must be controlled.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59549
Jucieny Ferreira de Sá, Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, Marcus Dhilermando Hora de Souza, Jorge Eduardo dos Santos Melo, K. Santos, Antônio da Silva Souza, A. Alves, C. Ledo
Abscisic acid (ABA) is associated with bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and germplasm growth inhibition in in vitro conservation. We evaluated the effects of ABA in four wild Manihot accessions and one cassava accession (M. esculenta Crantz) to refine in vitro conservation methods for these species. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory for Tissue Culture from Embrapa, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, Brazil. The statistical design was completely random in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme [(5 ABA dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg L-1) and 5 Manihot species (M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, M. flabellifolia, M. chlorosticta, and M. esculenta)], with 15 replicates. Mini-cuttings of 1 cm were used, each inoculated in 10 mL of modified Murashige and Skoog medium, solidified with Phytagel® (2.4 g L-1) containing the respective ABA dosages. Tubes containing these mini-cuttings were placed in a germplasm conservation room with an irradiance of 30 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 22 ± 1°C, and photoperiod of 12 hours. Plant height (cm), the number of living and senescent leaves, shoots, and mini-cuttings (1 cm), and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots (mg) were evaluated after 150 days. Growth reduction was prominent in M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, and M. flabellifolia during the in vitro conservation period. In the present study, the addition of ABA did not promote the expected reduction in plant growth
{"title":"Abscisic acid and in vitro conservation of Manihot wild species","authors":"Jucieny Ferreira de Sá, Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, Marcus Dhilermando Hora de Souza, Jorge Eduardo dos Santos Melo, K. Santos, Antônio da Silva Souza, A. Alves, C. Ledo","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59549","url":null,"abstract":"Abscisic acid (ABA) is associated with bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and germplasm growth inhibition in in vitro conservation. We evaluated the effects of ABA in four wild Manihot accessions and one cassava accession (M. esculenta Crantz) to refine in vitro conservation methods for these species. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory for Tissue Culture from Embrapa, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, Brazil. The statistical design was completely random in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme [(5 ABA dosages (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg L-1) and 5 Manihot species (M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, M. flabellifolia, M. chlorosticta, and M. esculenta)], with 15 replicates. Mini-cuttings of 1 cm were used, each inoculated in 10 mL of modified Murashige and Skoog medium, solidified with Phytagel® (2.4 g L-1) containing the respective ABA dosages. Tubes containing these mini-cuttings were placed in a germplasm conservation room with an irradiance of 30 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 22 ± 1°C, and photoperiod of 12 hours. Plant height (cm), the number of living and senescent leaves, shoots, and mini-cuttings (1 cm), and fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots (mg) were evaluated after 150 days. Growth reduction was prominent in M. pseudoglaziovii, M. tristis, and M. flabellifolia during the in vitro conservation period. In the present study, the addition of ABA did not promote the expected reduction in plant growth","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87444867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59754
Andressa Priscila Piancó Santos Lima, Alone Lima-Brito, G. B. Fernandes, J. Santana
The “sempre-viva” species Comanthera mucugensis is endemic to the municipality of Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil, where it was widely exploited through extractivism to be commercialized as an ornamental, causing a drastic reduction of its population, so that it is now classified as endangered. Although its main area of occurrence is now protected for being within Chapada Diamantina National Park, the continued risks of inclement conditions and anthropic actions make it necessary to develop alternative methods for ex situ conservation of the species, such as in vitro conservation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of salts and sucrose on the in vitro conservation of Comanthera mucugensis. Two salts concentrations of the medium MS (½ and ¼) and two sucrose levels (7.5 and 15.0 g L-1) were tested, and the experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments. After 365 days, the survival, growth and regeneration of the conserved plants were analyzed, achieving up to 100% survival, reduced shoot growth and maintenance of regenerative capacity. Reduction of the concentration of salts and sucrose in the culture medium is indicated to conserve the plants in vitro for a period of one year.
“半活体”物种Comanthera mucugensis是巴西巴伊亚Mucugê市的特有物种，在那里，它被广泛开采，作为一种观赏植物被商业化，导致其种群急剧减少，因此现在被列为濒危物种。虽然它的主要发生区域现在受到保护，因为在查帕达迪亚曼蒂纳国家公园内，但恶劣条件和人为活动的持续风险使得有必要开发替代方法来保护该物种的非原位保护，例如体外保护。因此，本研究的目的是测试不同浓度的盐和蔗糖对麻瓜体外保存的影响。试验采用两种盐浓度MS培养基(1 / 2和1 / 4)和两种蔗糖水平(7.5和15.0 g L-1)，试验设计完全随机化，共4个处理。365 d后，对保护植株的成活率、生长和再生情况进行分析，结果表明，保护植株的成活率达到100%，茎部生长减少，再生能力维持。降低培养基中盐和蔗糖的浓度可以使植株在离体环境中保存一年。
{"title":"Ex situ conservation of the endangered “sempre-viva” species Comanthera mucugensis","authors":"Andressa Priscila Piancó Santos Lima, Alone Lima-Brito, G. B. Fernandes, J. Santana","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59754","url":null,"abstract":"The “sempre-viva” species Comanthera mucugensis is endemic to the municipality of Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil, where it was widely exploited through extractivism to be commercialized as an ornamental, causing a drastic reduction of its population, so that it is now classified as endangered. Although its main area of occurrence is now protected for being within Chapada Diamantina National Park, the continued risks of inclement conditions and anthropic actions make it necessary to develop alternative methods for ex situ conservation of the species, such as in vitro conservation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of salts and sucrose on the in vitro conservation of Comanthera mucugensis. Two salts concentrations of the medium MS (½ and ¼) and two sucrose levels (7.5 and 15.0 g L-1) were tested, and the experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments. After 365 days, the survival, growth and regeneration of the conserved plants were analyzed, achieving up to 100% survival, reduced shoot growth and maintenance of regenerative capacity. Reduction of the concentration of salts and sucrose in the culture medium is indicated to conserve the plants in vitro for a period of one year.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83686352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59401
L. Machado, Hugo José Gonçalves dos Santos Júnior, C. E. C. Paiva, Beatriz Almeida dos Santos, Laura Vaillant Ribeiro Mauri, Julianne Almeida Rodrigues, Carolina de Oliveira Soares, H. B. Zago
Cannibalism is a frequent behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) larvae either in the field or in a laboratory. The purpose of this work was to investigate the factors temperature and food quantity on the cannibal behavior in instars of this insect under laboratory conditions. The neonates were conditioned at temperatures of 22, 25, 28 and 31 ± 1°C until they reached the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. The number of 20 larvae were transferred to different gerbox® with the amount of food varying from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g of artificial diet. Cannibalism was evaluated after 72 hours. In all the instars evaluated, the larvae showed cannibalistic behavior as a function of temperature and amount of food. The amount of 15 g of artificial diet is sufficient to feed the 3rd and 4th instar larval for 72h, regardless of temperature. For the 5th instar this amount is 10 g.
在野外和实验室中，食虫是Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)幼虫的常见行为。在实验室条件下，研究温度和食物量等因素对食虫幼虫食虫行为的影响。分别在22、25、28和31±1°C的温度条件下饲养至3、4、5龄。将20只幼虫分别投喂0、5、10、15、20 g人工饲料，转入不同的gerbox®。72小时后对同类相食进行评估。在所有被评估的幼虫中，幼虫表现出同类相食的行为，这是温度和食物量的函数。无论温度如何，15 g的人工饲料足以喂养3、4龄幼虫72h。对于第5星，这个量是10g。
{"title":"Canibalism in the larval instars of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): temperature and food quantity","authors":"L. Machado, Hugo José Gonçalves dos Santos Júnior, C. E. C. Paiva, Beatriz Almeida dos Santos, Laura Vaillant Ribeiro Mauri, Julianne Almeida Rodrigues, Carolina de Oliveira Soares, H. B. Zago","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59401","url":null,"abstract":"Cannibalism is a frequent behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) larvae either in the field or in a laboratory. The purpose of this work was to investigate the factors temperature and food quantity on the cannibal behavior in instars of this insect under laboratory conditions. The neonates were conditioned at temperatures of 22, 25, 28 and 31 ± 1°C until they reached the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. The number of 20 larvae were transferred to different gerbox® with the amount of food varying from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g of artificial diet. Cannibalism was evaluated after 72 hours. In all the instars evaluated, the larvae showed cannibalistic behavior as a function of temperature and amount of food. The amount of 15 g of artificial diet is sufficient to feed the 3rd and 4th instar larval for 72h, regardless of temperature. For the 5th instar this amount is 10 g.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88978391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59497
Joyce Cavalcante Viana, Paulo Rogério Alves Cerqueira, Laís Ramos Alves, Francisca das Chagas Leandro Arrais, R. M. Suzuki, W. D. M. Ferreira
Oeceoclades maculata is a terrestrial orchid species that has potential for commercial purposes. Taking that into consideration, the present investigation aimed at studying its germination and initial development in vitro as well as its acclimatization. The influence of Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC), and Vacin and Went (VW) media in the presence and absence of 0.3% activated charcoal on in vitro germination and protocorm development were investigated. The effects of different concentrations of BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA on seedling multiplication and growth were evaluated. The possibility of using dark-grown stem segments for micropropagation and acclimatization under laboratory and field conditions was also assessed. The results indicated that the most adequate media for germination were full-strength MS enriched with activated charcoal or KC supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. In terms of protocorm development, KC supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BA alone or in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA provided the best results. The addition of 1.5 mg L-1 BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA to KC medium favored the best results for seedling multiplication and development. The use of dark-grown stem segments is a viable alternative for the micropropagation of O. maculata. Regarding acclimatization, 100% survival of plants was observed during the initial phases and under field conditions average survival was 53.33%.
{"title":"Germination and initial development in vitro, and acclimatization of Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae), aiming at its reintroduction in natural environments","authors":"Joyce Cavalcante Viana, Paulo Rogério Alves Cerqueira, Laís Ramos Alves, Francisca das Chagas Leandro Arrais, R. M. Suzuki, W. D. M. Ferreira","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59497","url":null,"abstract":"Oeceoclades maculata is a terrestrial orchid species that has potential for commercial purposes. Taking that into consideration, the present investigation aimed at studying its germination and initial development in vitro as well as its acclimatization. The influence of Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC), and Vacin and Went (VW) media in the presence and absence of 0.3% activated charcoal on in vitro germination and protocorm development were investigated. The effects of different concentrations of BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA on seedling multiplication and growth were evaluated. The possibility of using dark-grown stem segments for micropropagation and acclimatization under laboratory and field conditions was also assessed. The results indicated that the most adequate media for germination were full-strength MS enriched with activated charcoal or KC supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. In terms of protocorm development, KC supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BA alone or in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA provided the best results. The addition of 1.5 mg L-1 BA in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA to KC medium favored the best results for seedling multiplication and development. The use of dark-grown stem segments is a viable alternative for the micropropagation of O. maculata. Regarding acclimatization, 100% survival of plants was observed during the initial phases and under field conditions average survival was 53.33%.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89665308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59231
M. Oliveira, Joelma Soares da Silva, J. L. Viana, W. Tadei, V. C. Pinheiro
This study verified the efficiency of ovitraps combined with Saccharopolyspora spinosa and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for monitoring Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, for A. aegypti, there was no difference in eggs number between treatments and grass infusions. For A. albopictus, the average of eggs was higher in the grass infusion. In the dry season, there was no difference in the average of eggs between treatments and control. In the rainy season, grass infusion resulted in a higher egg density, in both areas. Ovitraps combined with biolarvicides are efficient in dengue vector monitoring.
{"title":"Efficiency of oviposition traps with biolarvicides for monitoring Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae), northeast Brazil","authors":"M. Oliveira, Joelma Soares da Silva, J. L. Viana, W. Tadei, V. C. Pinheiro","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59231","url":null,"abstract":"This study verified the efficiency of ovitraps combined with Saccharopolyspora spinosa and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for monitoring Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, for A. aegypti, there was no difference in eggs number between treatments and grass infusions. For A. albopictus, the average of eggs was higher in the grass infusion. In the dry season, there was no difference in the average of eggs between treatments and control. In the rainy season, grass infusion resulted in a higher egg density, in both areas. Ovitraps combined with biolarvicides are efficient in dengue vector monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81266060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59554
L. Rossi, S. Chemes
Hypostomus commersoni is a freshwater fish, native to the Paraná River basin, which plays an important role in trophic networks of this system. This study aimed at analyzing the structure of the endohelminth community of H. commersoni from two shallow lagoons in the municipality of Santa Fe, Argentina. In the 51 hosts analyzed, 2103 helminths were found. Hosts from Belgrano Park lagoon were infested with Genarchella genarchella, Saccocoelioides nanii, Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) sp., and Gorytocephalus elongorchi. Hosts from the Western Urban Nature Reserve lagoon were infested with Thometrema magnifica, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annipetterae, Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchi, and Proteocephalidae spp. In both host populations, the prevalence of some parasites was high, and species richness and diversity of component communities were low. The distribution pattern of helminth was aggregated in all cases. No correlation was found between the length of the host and the richness and abundance of endoparasites. The total number of parasites and the specific richness per host in both lagoons did not differ significantly. The findings on G. genarchella, P. (P.) annipetterae, G. elongorchi, and Proteocephalidae spp. were the first records in his host
{"title":"Endoparasites of Hypostomus commersoni (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from two shallow lagoons, Argentina","authors":"L. Rossi, S. Chemes","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59554","url":null,"abstract":"Hypostomus commersoni is a freshwater fish, native to the Paraná River basin, which plays an important role in trophic networks of this system. This study aimed at analyzing the structure of the endohelminth community of H. commersoni from two shallow lagoons in the municipality of Santa Fe, Argentina. In the 51 hosts analyzed, 2103 helminths were found. Hosts from Belgrano Park lagoon were infested with Genarchella genarchella, Saccocoelioides nanii, Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) sp., and Gorytocephalus elongorchi. Hosts from the Western Urban Nature Reserve lagoon were infested with Thometrema magnifica, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annipetterae, Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchi, and Proteocephalidae spp. In both host populations, the prevalence of some parasites was high, and species richness and diversity of component communities were low. The distribution pattern of helminth was aggregated in all cases. No correlation was found between the length of the host and the richness and abundance of endoparasites. The total number of parasites and the specific richness per host in both lagoons did not differ significantly. The findings on G. genarchella, P. (P.) annipetterae, G. elongorchi, and Proteocephalidae spp. were the first records in his host","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84444326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58543
Adriele do Amor Divino Silva, J. Oliveira, M. L. Cazetta
Microbial polysaccharides are of great biotechnological and commercial interest and have wide application in the food, cosmetic and medicine industries. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the yeast Cryptococcus laurentii SD7, isolated from fresh water molluscs, was studied using agro-industrial byproducts as substrates in the submerged fermentation. The Central Composite Design (CCD) 23 was used to study the influence of pH, different concentrations on sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL), for 48 hours. According to the results, the highest EPS production occurred at the initial pH 5 and at 8.4% concentration of sugarcane molasses, which were statistically significant variable at 10% (p < 0.1). The concentration of CSL had no influence in the studied range, thus, it can be used lowest concentration (0.3%). The time course of EPS production showed that while cell growth peaked within 48 hours, the highest EPS production (6.61 g L-1) occurred at 168 hours, with a productivity of about 0.04 g L-1 h-1. The pH of the medium remained approximately constant throughout the fermentation process. The yeast C. laurentii SD7 showed great potential for EPS production at a low cost and with sustainable substrates.
微生物多糖具有重要的生物技术和商业价值，在食品、化妆品和医药等行业有着广泛的应用。研究了从淡水软体动物中分离的laurenti隐球菌(Cryptococcus laurentii) SD7酵母以农工副产物为底物进行深层发酵生产胞外多糖(EPS)。采用中心组合设计(CCD) 23研究了pH、不同浓度对甘蔗糖蜜和玉米浸泡液(CSL)处理48 h的影响。结果表明，初始pH为5和甘蔗糖蜜浓度为8.4%时EPS产量最高，10%时EPS产量差异有统计学意义(p < 0.1)。CSL的浓度在研究范围内无影响，可采用最低浓度(0.3%)。EPS产量的时间过程表明，细胞在48 h内达到生长高峰，而在168 h时EPS产量最高(6.61 g L-1)，产量约为0.04 g L-1 h-1。培养基的pH值在整个发酵过程中大致保持恒定。酵母C. laurentii SD7具有低成本和可持续底物生产EPS的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Exopolysaccharyde production by Cryptococcus laurentii SD7 using molasses and corn steep liquor as substrates","authors":"Adriele do Amor Divino Silva, J. Oliveira, M. L. Cazetta","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58543","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial polysaccharides are of great biotechnological and commercial interest and have wide application in the food, cosmetic and medicine industries. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the yeast Cryptococcus laurentii SD7, isolated from fresh water molluscs, was studied using agro-industrial byproducts as substrates in the submerged fermentation. The Central Composite Design (CCD) 23 was used to study the influence of pH, different concentrations on sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL), for 48 hours. According to the results, the highest EPS production occurred at the initial pH 5 and at 8.4% concentration of sugarcane molasses, which were statistically significant variable at 10% (p < 0.1). The concentration of CSL had no influence in the studied range, thus, it can be used lowest concentration (0.3%). The time course of EPS production showed that while cell growth peaked within 48 hours, the highest EPS production (6.61 g L-1) occurred at 168 hours, with a productivity of about 0.04 g L-1 h-1. The pH of the medium remained approximately constant throughout the fermentation process. The yeast C. laurentii SD7 showed great potential for EPS production at a low cost and with sustainable substrates.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79847176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56963
Marcela Tosta Ribeiro, Bruna Maria da Silva Caldas, G. C. Rocha, Â. P. Santana, R. D. Navarro
The present study assesses the diversity and seasonal variation of parasites in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) cultivated in excavated tanks in the Federal District, Brazil. A total of 120 specimens of O. niloticus were collected in 12 monthly collections. Water quality parameters were checked at all tanks. The animals, sacrificed by immersion into anesthetic solution, had the gills scraped, in which the mucus was analyzed under an optical microscope. Parasitological examination showed Trichodina sp., Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and Monogenea helminths in the fish gills. We found statistically significant differences between Monogenea parasites collected in the fall and winter and between I. multifiliis protozoans collected in fall-winter and winter-summer periods. Except for Epistylis sp., all parasites showed abundance peaks in O. niloticus specimens collected during the winter, which may characterize the seasonality of these parasites in the Federal District region. Monogenea helminths were the most prevalent among the parasites found, with the highest prevalence during the fall. The mean abundance of parasites was similar between the fall and winter. However, the abundance of monogenetic trematodes was higher between the winter and summer. I. multifiliis showed significant variation between fall-winter and winter-summer periods.
{"title":"Seasonal occurrence and variation of ectoparasites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Federal District, Brazil","authors":"Marcela Tosta Ribeiro, Bruna Maria da Silva Caldas, G. C. Rocha, Â. P. Santana, R. D. Navarro","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56963","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assesses the diversity and seasonal variation of parasites in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) cultivated in excavated tanks in the Federal District, Brazil. A total of 120 specimens of O. niloticus were collected in 12 monthly collections. Water quality parameters were checked at all tanks. The animals, sacrificed by immersion into anesthetic solution, had the gills scraped, in which the mucus was analyzed under an optical microscope. Parasitological examination showed Trichodina sp., Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and Monogenea helminths in the fish gills. We found statistically significant differences between Monogenea parasites collected in the fall and winter and between I. multifiliis protozoans collected in fall-winter and winter-summer periods. Except for Epistylis sp., all parasites showed abundance peaks in O. niloticus specimens collected during the winter, which may characterize the seasonality of these parasites in the Federal District region. Monogenea helminths were the most prevalent among the parasites found, with the highest prevalence during the fall. The mean abundance of parasites was similar between the fall and winter. However, the abundance of monogenetic trematodes was higher between the winter and summer. I. multifiliis showed significant variation between fall-winter and winter-summer periods.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81251547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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